WO2011062285A1 - 積層多孔フィルム、電池用セパレータおよび電池 - Google Patents
積層多孔フィルム、電池用セパレータおよび電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011062285A1 WO2011062285A1 PCT/JP2010/070760 JP2010070760W WO2011062285A1 WO 2011062285 A1 WO2011062285 A1 WO 2011062285A1 JP 2010070760 W JP2010070760 W JP 2010070760W WO 2011062285 A1 WO2011062285 A1 WO 2011062285A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- porous film
- laminated
- resin
- laminated porous
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/16—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin specially treated, e.g. irradiated
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
- B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
- H01M50/406—Moulding; Embossing; Cutting
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/417—Polyolefins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/446—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/457—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/491—Porosity
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/494—Tensile strength
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
- B32B2457/10—Batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249981—Plural void-containing components
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a laminated porous film, a battery separator, and a battery, and can be used as a packaging, sanitary, livestock, agricultural, architectural, medical, separation membrane, light diffusion plate, battery separator, It can be suitably used as a separator for a water electrolyte battery.
- the polymer porous body with many fine communication holes is used for separation membranes used for the production of ultrapure water, purification of chemicals, water treatment, waterproof and moisture-permeable films used for clothing and sanitary materials, and batteries. It is used in various fields such as battery separators.
- secondary batteries are widely used as power sources for portable devices such as OA, FA, household electric appliances or communication devices.
- portable devices using lithium ion secondary batteries are increasing because they have a high volumetric efficiency when mounted on devices, leading to a reduction in size and weight of the devices.
- large-sized secondary batteries are being researched and developed in many fields related to energy / environmental issues, including road leveling, UPS, and electric vehicles, and are excellent in large capacity, high output, high voltage, and long-term storage. Therefore, the use of lithium ion secondary batteries, which are a kind of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, is expanding.
- the working voltage of a lithium ion secondary battery is usually designed with an upper limit of 4.1V to 4.2V.
- the aqueous solution causes electrolysis and cannot be used as an electrolyte. Therefore, so-called non-aqueous electrolytes using organic solvents are used as electrolytes that can withstand high voltages.
- the solvent for the non-aqueous electrolyte a high dielectric constant organic solvent capable of allowing more lithium ions to be present is used, and organic carbonate compounds such as propylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate are mainly used as the high dielectric constant organic solvent. in use.
- a highly reactive electrolyte such as lithium hexafluorophosphate is dissolved in the solvent and used.
- a separator is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode from the viewpoint of preventing an internal short circuit.
- the separator is required to have insulating properties due to its role.
- a porous film is used as a separator.
- SD characteristic As a characteristic that contributes to the safety of the battery separator, there is a shutdown characteristic (hereinafter referred to as “SD characteristic”).
- This SD characteristic is a function that can prevent a subsequent increase in temperature inside the battery because the micropores are closed when the temperature is about 100 to 150 ° C., and as a result, ion conduction inside the battery is blocked.
- the lowest temperature among the temperatures at which the micropores of the laminated porous film are blocked is referred to as a shutdown temperature (hereinafter referred to as “SD temperature”).
- SD temperature shutdown temperature
- a separator including a porous film having a shutdown function and a porous layer made of a heat-resistant resin, and a heat-resistant porous layer laminated on a porous layer mainly composed of a thermoplastic resin Separator (Patent Document 2), a separator formed by laminating a porous film of a water-soluble polymer and a porous film of polyolefin (Patent Document 3), and a porous material containing an inorganic filler and a resin binder on at least one side of the polyolefin resin porous film
- a laminated porous film having a layer Patent Document 4
- a porous film having a coating layer on the surface of a porous polypropylene film Patent Document 5
- slipperiness is also required.
- One of them is the pin detachability in battery assembly.
- a rolled lithium ion secondary battery such as a cylindrical type or a rectangular type
- a separator and a positive and negative electrode are overlapped and wound on a pin.
- the battery is assembled through a process of removing the spiral battery element from the pin.
- the slipperiness of the separator in contact with the pin is bad, the battery element cannot be pulled out from the pin.
- it was difficult to pull out it had a problem of affecting production.
- the pin is subjected to a surface treatment to reduce the friction coefficient of the pin. (Patent Document 6)
- JP 2000-223107 A Japanese Patent No. 3756815 JP 2004-227972 A JP 2009-26733 A JP 2009-114434 A JP 2009-70726 A
- Patent Documents 1 to 5 slipperiness is not considered, and in particular, the aromatic polyamide used in Patent Document 1 has a problem of poor slipperiness. Further, in Patent Document 6, although the pin pull-out property is improved, there is a problem that the workability is deteriorated such as causing a winding wrinkle at the time of film winding during film formation, which is not preferable from the viewpoint of productivity.
- the present invention is intended to solve the above-mentioned problems, and provides a laminated porous film having air permeability and heat resistance, and having excellent slipperiness and pin-out property when used as a battery separator. Is an issue.
- a heat-resistant layer containing a filler and a resin binder is laminated on at least one surface of a polyolefin resin porous film, and the static friction coefficient of the surface of the heat-resistant layer is 0.45 or less.
- a laminated porous film characterized by having an air permeability of 2000 seconds / 100 ml or less and a tensile elastic modulus at 3% elongation in the longitudinal direction of 400 to 1000 MPa.
- the laminated porous film of the present invention when used as a battery separator, the laminated porous film and the positive and negative electrodes are overlapped and wound around a pin to form a spiral battery element, and then the battery element is removed from the pin.
- the slipperiness is improved by reducing the static friction coefficient of the surface of the heat-resistant layer in contact with the pin to 0.45 or less. This is because if the value of the static friction coefficient on the surface of the heat-resistant layer in the laminated porous film is 0.45 or less, when used as a battery separator, the battery element is deformed when wound on the pin after being wound on the pin. It is because it can be pulled out from the pin without it.
- the coefficient of static friction on the surface of the heat-resistant layer is important from the viewpoint of the pullability of the pin, and as described above, it is 0.45 or less, preferably 0.40 or less. Although it does not specifically limit about a minimum, From a workability viewpoint, 0.10 or more are preferable, 0.15 or more are more preferable, 0.20 or more are still more preferable.
- the tensile elastic modulus at 3% elongation in the longitudinal direction of the film is 400 to 1000 MPa.
- the laminated porous film is stretched and wrinkled when handled as a battery separator, such as when wound or conveyed.
- the laminated porous film can be suitably used.
- it is 450 MPa or more, More preferably, it is 500 MPa or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 1000 MPa or less from the viewpoint of flexibility and handling. More preferably, it is 900 MPa or less, and further preferably 800 MPa or less.
- the measuring method of the tensile elasticity modulus at the time of the said 3% elongation is based on the measuring method as described in below-mentioned embodiment.
- the laminated porous film of the present invention has an air permeability measured in accordance with JIS P8117 of 2000 seconds / 100 ml or less, and has a required SD characteristic when used as a battery separator. If the air permeability is 2000 seconds / 100 ml or less, it is preferable that the laminated porous film can be communicated and can exhibit excellent air permeability. It is preferably 10 to 1000 seconds / 100 ml, more preferably 50 to 800 seconds / 100 ml.
- the air permeability represents the difficulty of air passage in the film thickness direction, and is specifically expressed in seconds necessary for 100 ml of air to pass through the film.
- the air permeability of the laminated porous film of the present invention is low, it can be used for various applications. When used as a battery separator, a low air permeability means that lithium ions can be easily transferred, which is preferable because battery performance is excellent.
- the air permeability after heating at 135 ° C. for 5 seconds is preferably 10,000 seconds / 100 ml or more, more preferably 25000 seconds / 100 ml or more, More preferably, it is 50000 seconds / 100 ml or more.
- the proportion of the filler in the total amount of the filler and the resin binder in the heat-resistant layer is preferably 92% by mass or more.
- the polyolefin resin porous film is a layer A composed of a polypropylene resin porous film, and is composed of a laminated porous film of two types and three layers sandwiching a layer B composed of a polyethylene resin porous film,
- the surface of the laminated porous film is preferably a corona-treated surface, and the heat-resistant layer is preferably laminated on the corona-treated surface.
- the laminated porous film of the present invention preferably has ⁇ activity.
- the ⁇ activity can be regarded as an index indicating that the polypropylene resin produced ⁇ crystals in the film-like material before stretching. If the polypropylene resin in the film-like material before stretching produces ⁇ crystals, fine pores can be easily formed by stretching even when additives such as fillers are not used.
- a laminated porous film having characteristics can be obtained. Presence / absence of “ ⁇ activity” is determined based on whether the crystal melting peak temperature derived from the ⁇ crystal is detected by a differential scanning calorimeter described below and / or the measurement using an X-ray diffractometer described below. When the derived diffraction peak is detected, it is judged to have “ ⁇ activity”.
- the laminated porous film of the present invention preferably has a shrinkage rate at 150 ° C. of 10% or less. This is because if the shrinkage rate at 150 ° C. is 10% or less, the dimensional stability is good even when abnormal heat is generated beyond the SD temperature, the film can be prevented from being broken, and the internal short circuit temperature can be improved. . Although it does not limit as a minimum, 2% or more is more preferable.
- the laminated porous film of the present invention preferably has a porosity of 30% to 70% and a thickness of 5 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the porosity is set to 30% to 70%.
- the porosity is 30% or more, it is possible to obtain a laminated porous film having good air permeability and excellent air permeability.
- the strength of the film is difficult to decrease, which is preferable from the viewpoint of handling.
- it is 35% or more, more preferably 40% or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 65% or less, more preferably 60% or less. A method for measuring the porosity will be described later.
- the present invention provides a separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery using the laminated porous film having the above structure.
- the present invention provides a non-aqueous electrolyte battery using the non-aqueous electrolyte battery separator.
- the laminated porous film of the present invention has air permeability and heat resistance, and further has excellent slipperiness and pin pull-out properties, so that it can be suitably used as a battery separator.
- FIG. 1 It is a partially broken perspective view of the battery which accommodates the lamination
- the laminated porous film of the present invention is suitably used as a separator for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery, and a heat-resistant layer containing a filler and a resin binder is laminated on at least one surface of a polyolefin resin porous film.
- the surface friction coefficient of the heat-resistant layer is 0.45 or less, the air permeability is 2000 seconds / 100 ml or less, and the tensile elastic modulus at 3% elongation in the longitudinal direction is 400 to 1000 MPa.
- the expression “main component” includes the intention to allow other components to be contained within a range that does not interfere with the function of the main component, unless otherwise specified.
- the content ratio of the components is not specified, but the main component includes 50% by mass or more, preferably 70% by mass or more, particularly preferably 90% by mass or more (including 100%) in the composition. It is.
- X to Y (X and Y are arbitrary numbers) is described, it means “preferably greater than X” and “preferably smaller than Y” with the meaning of “X or more and Y or less” unless otherwise specified. Is included.
- Polyolefin resin porous film examples of the polyolefin resin used in the polyolefin resin porous film include homopolymers or copolymers obtained by polymerizing ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-hexane and the like. Among these, a polypropylene resin and a polyethylene resin are preferable.
- Polypropylene resins include homopropylene (propylene homopolymer), or propylene and ethylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 1-nonene, 1-decene, etc. Random copolymers or block copolymers with ⁇ -olefins may be mentioned. Among these, homopolypropylene is more preferably used from the viewpoint of maintaining the mechanical strength and heat resistance of the laminated porous film.
- the polypropylene resin preferably has an isotactic pentad fraction (mmmm fraction) exhibiting stereoregularity of 80 to 99%. More preferably 83 to 98%, and still more preferably 85 to 97%. If the isotactic pentad fraction is too low, the mechanical strength of the film may be reduced.
- the upper limit of the isotactic pentad fraction is defined by the upper limit that can be obtained industrially at the present time, but this is not the case when a more regular resin is developed in the industrial level in the future. is not.
- the isotactic pentad fraction (mmmm fraction) is the same direction for all five methyl groups that are side chains with respect to the main chain of carbon-carbon bonds composed of any five consecutive propylene units. Means the three-dimensional structure located at or its proportion. Signal assignment of the methyl group region is as follows. It conformed to Zambelli et al (Macromolecules 8,687, (1975)).
- Mw / Mn which is a parameter indicating a molecular weight distribution
- Mw / Mn is 2.0 to 10.0. More preferred is 2.0 to 8.0, and still more preferred is 2.0 to 6.0. This means that the smaller the Mw / Mn is, the narrower the molecular weight distribution is.
- Mw / Mn is less than 2.0, problems such as a decrease in extrusion moldability occur, and it is difficult to produce industrially.
- Mw / Mn exceeds 10.0, low molecular weight components increase, and the mechanical strength of the laminated porous film tends to decrease.
- Mw / Mn is obtained by GPC (gel permeation chromatography) method.
- the melt flow rate (MFR) of the polypropylene resin is not particularly limited, but usually the MFR is preferably 0.5 to 15 g / 10 minutes, and 1.0 to 10 g / 10 minutes. It is more preferable. When the MFR is 0.5 g / 10 min or more, the resin has a high melt viscosity at the time of molding, and sufficient productivity can be ensured. On the other hand, the mechanical strength of the obtained laminated porous film can be sufficiently maintained by setting it to 15 g / 10 min or less. MFR is measured according to JIS K7210 under conditions of a temperature of 230 ° C. and a load of 2.16 kg.
- the method for producing the polypropylene resin is not particularly limited, and a known polymerization method using a known polymerization catalyst, for example, a multisite catalyst represented by a Ziegler-Natta type catalyst or a metallocene catalyst. And a polymerization method using a single site catalyst.
- a known polymerization method using a known polymerization catalyst for example, a multisite catalyst represented by a Ziegler-Natta type catalyst or a metallocene catalyst.
- a polymerization method using a single site catalyst for example, a multisite catalyst represented by a Ziegler-Natta type catalyst or a metallocene catalyst.
- polypropylene resin examples include trade names “Novatech PP” “WINTEC” (manufactured by Nippon Polypro), “Versify” “Notio” “Tafmer XR” (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals), “Zeras” “Thermolan” (Mitsubishi Chemical) ), “Sumitomo Noblen”, “Tough Selenium” (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical), “Prime TPO” (manufactured by Prime Polymer), “Adflex”, “Adsyl”, “HMS-PP (PF814)” (manufactured by Sun Aroma) Commercially available products such as “Inspire” (Dow Chemical) can be used.
- the laminated porous film of the present invention preferably has ⁇ activity.
- the presence or absence of “ ⁇ activity” is determined by holding the laminated porous film from 25 ° C. to 240 ° C. at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min for 1 minute using a differential scanning calorimeter.
- the temperature is lowered from 10 ° C. to 25 ° C. at a cooling rate of 10 ° C./min and held for 1 minute, and further raised from 25 ° C. to 240 ° C. at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min, it is derived from ⁇ crystals of polypropylene resin
- Tm ⁇ crystal melting peak temperature
- the amount of heat of crystal melting derived from the ⁇ crystal ( ⁇ Hm ⁇ ) detected mainly in the range of 145 ° C. or higher and lower than 160 ° C., and mainly detected at 160 ° C. or higher and 170 ° C. or lower.
- the amount of heat of crystal melting ( ⁇ Hm ⁇ ) derived from the ⁇ crystal detected mainly in the range of 120 ° C. or more and less than 140 ° C. It can be calculated from the crystal melting calorie ( ⁇ Hm ⁇ ) derived from the ⁇ crystal detected in the range of from 0 ° C. to 165 ° C.
- the ⁇ activity of the laminated porous film is preferably 20% or more, and more preferably 40% or more and 60% or more. If the laminated porous film has a ⁇ activity of 20% or more, a large number of fine and uniform pores are formed by stretching, resulting in a lithium ion lithium battery separator having high mechanical strength and excellent air permeability. be able to.
- the upper limit of ⁇ activity is not particularly limited, but the higher the ⁇ activity, the more effective the effect is obtained.
- the ⁇ activity can be measured regardless of whether the polypropylene resin porous film has a single layer structure or is laminated with another porous layer. Further, if a layer containing a polypropylene resin other than the layer made of polypropylene resin is laminated, it is preferable that both layers have ⁇ activity.
- ⁇ crystal nucleating agent examples include the following, but are not particularly limited as long as they increase the formation / growth of ⁇ -crystals of a polypropylene resin, and two or more types thereof. May be used in combination.
- examples of the ⁇ crystal nucleating agent include amide compounds; tetraoxaspiro compounds; quinacridones; iron oxides having a nanoscale size; potassium 1,2-hydroxystearate, magnesium benzoate or magnesium succinate, magnesium phthalate, etc.
- Alkali or alkaline earth metal salts of carboxylic acids represented by: aromatic sulfonic acid compounds represented by sodium benzenesulfonate or sodium naphthalenesulfonate; di- or triesters of dibasic or tribasic carboxylic acids; phthalocyanine blue Phthalocyanine pigments typified by: a two-component compound comprising component A which is an organic dibasic acid and a component B which is an oxide, hydroxide or salt of a Group IIA metal of the periodic table; a cyclic phosphorus compound; Made of magnesium compound Such as the formation thereof.
- specific types of nucleating agents are described in JP-A No. 2003-306585, JP-A No. 06-289656, and JP-A No. 09-194650.
- ⁇ crystal nucleating agent Commercially available products of ⁇ crystal nucleating agent are ⁇ crystal nucleating agent “NJESTER NU-100” manufactured by Shin Nippon Rika Co., Ltd.
- Specific examples of polypropylene resins to which ⁇ crystal nucleating agent is added include polypropylene “Bepol® B” manufactured by Aristech. -022SP ”, polypropylene manufactured by Borealis“ Beta ( ⁇ ) -PP BE60-7032 ”, polypropylene manufactured by Mayzo“ BNX BETAPP-LN ”, and the like.
- the ratio of the ⁇ -crystal nucleating agent added to the polypropylene resin needs to be appropriately adjusted depending on the type of the ⁇ -crystal nucleating agent or the composition of the polypropylene-based resin. 0.0001 to 5.0 parts by mass of the agent is preferred. 0.001 to 3.0 parts by mass is more preferable, and 0.01 to 1.0 part by mass is still more preferable. If it is 0.0001 part by mass or more, ⁇ crystals of polypropylene resin can be sufficiently produced and grown at the time of production, and sufficient ⁇ activity can be secured even when used as a separator, and the desired air permeability performance can be obtained. can get.
- Addition of 5.0 parts by mass or less is preferable because it is economically advantageous and there is no bleeding of the ⁇ crystal nucleating agent on the surface of the laminated porous film.
- the amount of ⁇ crystal nucleating agent added to each layer may be the same or different.
- the porous structure of each layer can be appropriately adjusted by changing the addition amount of the ⁇ crystal nucleating agent.
- additives generally blended in the resin composition can be appropriately added to the polypropylene resin within a range that does not significantly impair the effects of the present invention.
- the additive include recycling resin, silica, talc, kaolin, calcium carbonate, and the like, which are added for the purpose of improving and adjusting molding processability, productivity, and various physical properties of the laminated porous film.
- Inorganic particles such as, pigments such as titanium oxide and carbon black, flame retardants, weathering stabilizers, heat stabilizers, antistatic agents, melt viscosity improvers, crosslinking agents, lubricants, nucleating agents, plasticizers, anti-aging agents, Examples thereof include additives such as antioxidants, light stabilizers, ultraviolet absorbers, neutralizers, antifogging agents, antiblocking agents, slip agents, and coloring agents.
- additives such as antioxidants, light stabilizers, ultraviolet absorbers, neutralizers, antifogging agents, antiblocking agents, slip agents, and coloring agents.
- a polyethylene resin porous film is suitably used as the porous film laminated with the porous film made of the polypropylene resin.
- the polyethylene resin include ultra low density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, and homopolymer polyethylene such as ultra high molecular weight polyethylene having a characteristic molecular weight, as well as ethylene.
- a propylene copolymer or a copolymer polyethylene of a polyethylene resin and another polyolefin resin can be used.
- homopolymer polyethylene or copolymer polyethylene having an ⁇ -olefin comonomer content of 2 mol% or less is preferable, and homopolymer polyethylene is more preferable.
- ⁇ -olefin comonomer There are no particular restrictions on the type of ⁇ -olefin comonomer.
- the density of the polyethylene resin is preferably 0.910 to 0.970 g / cm 3 , more preferably 0.930 to 0.970 g / cm 3 , and 0.940 to 0.970 g / cm 3. More preferably, it is 3 .
- a density of 0.910 g / cm 3 or more is preferable because it can have appropriate SD characteristics.
- 0.970 g / cm 3 or less is preferable in that it can have appropriate SD characteristics and can maintain stretchability.
- the density can be measured according to JIS K7112 using a density gradient tube method.
- the melt flow rate (MFR) of the polyethylene resin is not particularly limited, but usually the MFR is preferably 0.03 to 30 g / 10 minutes, and preferably 0.3 to 10 g / 10 minutes. It is more preferable. If the MFR is 0.03 g / 10 min or more, the melt viscosity of the resin during the molding process is sufficiently low, which is excellent in productivity and preferable. On the other hand, if it is 30 g / 10 minutes or less, since sufficient mechanical strength can be obtained, it is preferable. MFR is measured in accordance with JIS K7210 under conditions of a temperature of 190 ° C. and a load of 2.16 kg.
- the polymerization catalyst for the polyethylene resin is not particularly limited, and may be any one such as a Ziegler type catalyst, a Philips type catalyst, or a Kaminsky type catalyst.
- a polymerization method of the polyethylene resin there are a one-stage polymerization, a two-stage polymerization, or a multistage polymerization more than that, and any method of the polyethylene resin can be used.
- the porosity promoting compound X is not limited, but specific examples thereof include a porosity promoting compound X selected from a modified polyolefin resin, an alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon resin or a modified product thereof, an ethylene copolymer, or a wax. More preferably, at least one of them is included. Among these, an alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon resin or a modified product thereof, an ethylene copolymer, or a wax, which is more effective when made porous, is more preferable, and a wax is more preferable from the viewpoint of moldability.
- Examples of the alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon resin and modified products thereof include petroleum resins, rosin resins, terpene resins, coumarone resins, indene resins, coumarone-indene resins, and modified products thereof.
- the petroleum resin is a C4 to C10 aliphatic olefin or diolefin obtained from a by-product such as naphtha pyrolysis, or an aromatic compound having C8 or more having an olefinically unsaturated bond.
- An aliphatic, aromatic and copolymer petroleum resin obtained by singly or copolymerizing one or more of the compounds contained therein.
- Examples of petroleum resins include aliphatic petroleum resins mainly containing C5 fraction, aromatic petroleum resins mainly containing C9 fraction, copolymer petroleum resins thereof, and alicyclic petroleum resins.
- Examples of the terpene resin include terpene resins and terpene-phenol resins from ⁇ -pinene
- examples of the rosin resin include rosin resins such as gum rosin and utudrodin, and esterified rosin resins modified with glycerin and pentaerythritol.
- the alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon resin and the modified product thereof have relatively good compatibility when mixed with a polyethylene resin, but a petroleum resin is more preferable in terms of color tone and thermal stability, and a hydrogenated petroleum resin is used. More preferably.
- Hydrogenated petroleum resin is obtained by hydrogenating petroleum resin by a conventional method.
- Examples thereof include hydrogenated aliphatic petroleum resins, hydrogenated aromatic petroleum resins, hydrogenated copolymer petroleum resins and hydrogenated alicyclic petroleum resins, and hydrogenated terpene resins.
- hydrogenated petroleum resins hydrogenated alicyclic petroleum resins obtained by copolymerizing and hydrogenating a cyclopentadiene compound and an aromatic vinyl compound are particularly preferable.
- Examples of commercially available hydrogenated petroleum resins include “ALCON” (manufactured by Arakawa Chemical Industries).
- the ethylene copolymer in the present invention is a compound obtained by copolymerizing ethylene and one or more of vinyl acetate, unsaturated carboxylic acid, unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride, or carboxylic acid ester. It is.
- the ethylene copolymer preferably has an ethylene monomer unit content of 50% by mass or more, more preferably 60% by mass or more, and still more preferably 65% by mass or more.
- the content of ethylene monomer units is preferably 95% by mass or less, more preferably 90% by mass or less, and further preferably 85% by mass or less. If the content of the ethylene monomer unit is within a predetermined range, a porous structure can be formed more efficiently.
- ethylene copolymer those having an MFR (JIS K7210, temperature: 190 ° C., load: 2.16 kg) of 0.1 g / 10 min to 10 g / 10 min are preferably used.
- MFR JIS K7210, temperature: 190 ° C., load: 2.16 kg
- the MFR is 0.1 g / 10 min or more, the extrudability can be maintained satisfactorily.
- the MFR is 10 g / 10 min or less, the strength of the film is hardly lowered, which is preferable.
- the ethylene-based copolymers are “EVAFLEX” (Mitsui / DuPont Polychemical Co., Ltd.), “Novatech EVA” (Nippon Polyethylene Co., Ltd.) as an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and “NUC” as an ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer.
- the wax in the present invention is an organic compound that satisfies the following properties (a) and (b).
- the melting point is 40 ° C to 200 ° C.
- the melt viscosity at a temperature 10 ° C. higher than the melting point is 50 Pa ⁇ s or less.
- ⁇ For wax including polar or nonpolar wax, polypropylene wax, polyethylene wax and wax modifier.
- paraffin wax, polyethylene wax, and microcrystalline wax are preferable from the viewpoint of efficiently forming a porous structure, and microcrystalline wax that can further reduce the pore diameter is more preferable from the viewpoint of SD characteristics.
- examples of commercially available polyethylene wax include “FT-115” (manufactured by Nippon Seiwa), and examples of microcrystalline wax include “Hi-Mic” (manufactured by Nippon Seiwa).
- the blending amount of the porosity promoting compound X is set as a lower limit with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyethylene resin contained in one layer when peeling the interface between the polyethylene resin and the porosity promoting compound X to form micropores. 1 part by mass or more is preferable, 5 parts by mass or more is more preferable, and 10 parts by mass or more is still more preferable.
- the upper limit is preferably 50 parts by mass or less, more preferably 40 parts by mass or less, and still more preferably 30 parts by mass or less.
- thermoplastic resin may be used as long as the thermal characteristics of the porous film, specifically, the porosity is not impaired.
- thermoplastic resins include styrene resins such as styrene, AS resin, and ABS resin: polyvinyl chloride, fluorine resin, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, and polycarbonate.
- ester resins such as polyarylate
- Ether resins such as polyacetal, polyphenylene ether, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyetheretherketone or polyphenylene sulfide
- polyamides such as 6 nylon, 6-6 nylon, 6-12 nylon
- thermoplastic resins such as resins.
- thermoplastic elastomer examples include styrene / butadiene, polyolefin, urethane, polyester, polyamide, 1,2-polybutadiene, polyvinyl chloride, and ionomer.
- additives or other components that are generally blended in the resin composition may be included.
- the additive include recycling resin, silica, talc, kaolin, carbonic acid, etc., which are added for the purpose of improving / adjusting the processability, productivity, and various physical properties of the laminated porous film.
- Inorganic particles such as calcium, pigments such as titanium oxide and carbon black, flame retardants, weathering stabilizers, heat stabilizers, antistatic agents, melt viscosity improvers, crosslinking agents, lubricants, nucleating agents, plasticizers, anti-aging agents And additives such as antioxidants, light stabilizers, ultraviolet absorbers, neutralizers, antifogging agents, antiblocking agents, slip agents, and coloring agents.
- the nucleating agent is preferable because it has an effect of controlling the crystal structure of the polyethylene resin and reducing the porous structure at the time of stretching and opening.
- Examples of commercially available products include “Gelall D” (manufactured by Shin Nippon Chemical Co., Ltd.), “Adeka Stub” (manufactured by Asahi Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd.), “Hyperform” (manufactured by Milliken Chemical Co., Ltd.), or “IRGACLEAR D” (Ciba Special Chemicals). Etc.).
- “Rike Master” manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd.
- the like are commercially available.
- the polyolefin-based resin porous film may be a single layer or a laminate, but is preferably laminated in two or more layers. Especially, what laminated
- the layer structure of the polyolefin resin porous film is not particularly limited as long as at least one layer containing a polypropylene resin (hereinafter referred to as “A layer”) is present.
- other layers hereinafter referred to as “B layer” can be laminated as long as they do not interfere with the function of the polyolefin resin porous film.
- strength maintenance layer, the heat-resistant layer (high melting temperature resin layer), the shutdown layer (low melting temperature resin layer), etc. are mentioned.
- a low melting point resin layer that ensures the safety of the battery is laminated by closing the hole in a high temperature atmosphere as described in JP-A No. 04-181651.
- Specific examples include a two-layer structure in which A layers / B layers are stacked, a three-layer structure in which A layers / B layers / A layers, or B layers / A layers / B layers are stacked.
- the physical properties of the polyolefin resin porous film of the present invention can be freely adjusted by the layer constitution, lamination ratio, composition of each layer, and production method.
- the method for producing the non-porous film is not particularly limited, and a known method may be used. For example, a method of melting a thermoplastic resin composition using an extruder, extruding from a T die, and cooling and solidifying with a cast roll. Is mentioned. Moreover, the method of cutting open the film-like thing manufactured by the tubular method and making it planar is also applicable.
- There are methods for stretching the nonporous film-like material such as a roll stretching method, a rolling method, a tenter stretching method, and a simultaneous biaxial stretching method, and these methods are used alone or in combination of two or more to perform uniaxial stretching or biaxial stretching. . Among these, sequential biaxial stretching is preferable from the viewpoint of controlling the porous structure.
- a manufacturing method when making a polyolefin resin porous film into a lamination, a manufacturing method is divided roughly into the following four according to the order of porous formation and lamination.
- A A method of laminating each porous layer after laminating each porous layer or bonding with an adhesive or the like.
- B A method of laminating each layer to produce a laminated nonporous film-like material and then making the nonporous film-like material porous.
- C A method in which one of the layers is made porous and then laminated with another layer of a nonporous film to make it porous.
- (D) A method of forming a laminated porous film by preparing a porous layer and then applying a coating such as inorganic / organic particles or depositing metal particles.
- a coating such as inorganic / organic particles or depositing metal particles.
- a method of forming a porous layer after preparing is particularly preferable.
- a mixed resin composition of a polypropylene resin and, if necessary, a thermoplastic resin and additives is prepared.
- raw materials such as polypropylene resin, ⁇ crystal nucleating agent, and other additives as required, preferably using Henschel mixer, super mixer, tumbler type mixer, etc., or by hand-blending all ingredients in a bag
- the mixture is melt-kneaded with a single-screw or twin-screw extruder, a kneader or the like, preferably a twin-screw extruder, and then cut to obtain pellets.
- the pellets are put into an extruder and extruded from a T-die extrusion die to form a film.
- the type of T die is not particularly limited.
- the T die may be a multi-manifold type for two types and three layers or a feed block type for two types and three layers.
- the gap of the T die to be used is determined from the final required film thickness, stretching conditions, draft ratio, various conditions, etc., but is generally about 0.1 to 3.0 mm, preferably 0.5. -1.0 mm. If it is less than 0.1 mm, it is not preferable from the viewpoint of production speed, and if it is more than 3.0 mm, it is not preferable from the viewpoint of production stability because the draft rate increases.
- the extrusion temperature is appropriately adjusted depending on the flow characteristics and moldability of the resin composition, but is generally preferably 180 to 350 ° C, more preferably 200 to 330 ° C, and further preferably 220 to 300 ° C.
- a temperature of 180 ° C. or higher is preferable because the viscosity of the molten resin is sufficiently low and the moldability is excellent and the productivity is improved.
- the cooling and solidification temperature by the cast roll is very important in the present invention, and the ratio of the ⁇ crystal of the polypropylene resin in the film can be adjusted.
- the cooling and solidifying temperature of the cast roll is preferably 80 to 150 ° C, more preferably 90 to 140 ° C, and still more preferably 100 to 130 ° C. It is preferable to set the cooling and solidification temperature to 80 ° C. or higher because the ratio of ⁇ crystals in the film can be sufficiently increased. Further, it is preferable to set the temperature to 150 ° C. or lower because troubles such as the extruded molten resin sticking to and wrapping around the cast roll hardly occur and the film can be efficiently formed into a film.
- the cast roll By setting the cast roll in the temperature range, it is preferable to adjust the ⁇ crystal ratio of the polypropylene resin of the film-like material before stretching to 20 to 100%. More preferably, it is 40 to 100%, more preferably 50 to 100%, and most preferably 60 to 100%.
- the ⁇ crystal ratio in the film-like material before stretching is 30% or more, a polyolefin-based resin porous film having good gas permeability can be obtained because it is easily made porous by the subsequent stretching operation.
- the ⁇ crystal ratio in the film before stretching is detected when the film is heated from 25 ° C. to 240 ° C. at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min using a differential scanning calorimeter.
- uniaxial stretching may be performed in the longitudinal direction or the transverse direction, or biaxial stretching may be performed.
- biaxial stretching simultaneous biaxial stretching may be sufficient and sequential biaxial stretching may be sufficient.
- sequential biaxial stretching is more preferable because the stretching conditions can be selected in each stretching step and the porous structure can be easily controlled.
- the longitudinal direction of the film-like material and the film is referred to as “longitudinal direction”, and the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction is referred to as “lateral direction”.
- stretching in the longitudinal direction is referred to as “longitudinal stretching”
- stretching in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction is referred to as “lateral stretching”.
- the stretching temperature needs to be appropriately selected depending on the composition of the resin composition to be used and the crystallization state, but it is preferable to select within the range of the following conditions.
- the stretching temperature needs to be changed appropriately depending on the composition of the resin composition to be used, the crystal melting peak temperature, the crystallinity, etc., but the stretching temperature in the longitudinal stretching is preferably about 0 to 130 ° C., More preferably, it is controlled in the range of 10 to 120 ° C., more preferably 20 to 110 ° C.
- the longitudinal draw ratio is preferably 2 to 10 times, more preferably 3 to 8 times, still more preferably 4 to 7 times.
- the stretching temperature in transverse stretching is generally from 100 to 160 ° C., preferably from 110 to 150 ° C., more preferably from 120 to 140 ° C.
- the preferred transverse draw ratio is 2 to 10 times, more preferably 3 to 8 times, and still more preferably 4 to 7 times.
- the stretching speed in the stretching step is preferably 500 to 12000% / min, more preferably 1500 to 10,000% / min, and further preferably 2500 to 8000% / min.
- the porous film thus obtained is preferably subjected to heat treatment for the purpose of improving dimensional stability.
- the effect of dimensional stability can be expected by setting the temperature to preferably 100 ° C. or higher, more preferably 120 ° C. or higher, and still more preferably 140 ° C. or higher.
- the heat treatment temperature is preferably 170 ° C. or lower, more preferably 165 ° C. or lower, and further preferably 160 ° C. or lower.
- the heat treatment temperature is 170 ° C. or lower, it is preferable because the heat treatment hardly melts polypropylene and maintains a porous structure.
- a relaxation treatment of 1 to 20% may be performed as necessary.
- the porous film of this invention is obtained by uniformly cooling and winding up after heat processing.
- Heat resistant layer A heat resistant layer containing a filler and a resin binder is laminated on at least one surface of the polyolefin resin porous film.
- Filler examples of the filler that can be used in the present invention include an inorganic filler and an organic filler, but are not particularly limited.
- inorganic fillers include carbonates such as calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate and barium carbonate; sulfates such as calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate and barium sulfate; chlorides such as sodium chloride, calcium chloride and magnesium chloride, aluminum oxide and oxidation
- oxides such as calcium, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, and silica
- silicates such as talc, clay, and mica can be used.
- barium sulfate and aluminum oxide are preferable.
- organic fillers include ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyetheretherketone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyimide, polyether.
- examples thereof include thermoplastic resins such as imide, melamine, and benzoguanamine, and thermosetting resins. Among these, cross-linked polystyrene and the like are particularly preferable.
- the average particle size of the filler is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.2 ⁇ m or more, still more preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or more, and the upper limit is preferably 3.0 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 1.5 ⁇ m or less. It is.
- the average particle size is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, it is preferable from the viewpoint of reducing the shrinkage rate of the laminated porous film and making it difficult to break the film, and achieving heat resistance.
- the average particle size is 3.0 ⁇ m or less, it is preferable from the viewpoint of reducing the shrinkage rate of the laminated porous film and making it difficult to break the membrane.
- an average particle diameter shall be 1.5 micrometers or less from a viewpoint of forming a porous layer with small layer thickness favorably, and the viewpoint of the dispersibility in the porous layer of an inorganic filler.
- the “average particle diameter of the inorganic filler” is a value measured according to a method using SEM.
- the ratio of the filler to the total amount of the filler and the resin binder (hereinafter referred to as “F%”) is preferably 92% by mass or more, more preferably 95% by mass or more, and 98% by mass. The above is more preferable. If the F% is 92% by mass or more, it is preferable because a laminated porous film having connectivity can be produced and excellent air permeation performance can be exhibited.
- the filler, the polyolefin-based resin porous film can be satisfactorily bonded, is electrochemically stable, and a laminated porous film is used as a battery separator.
- a laminated porous film is used as a battery separator.
- ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers such as ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA, structural units derived from vinyl acetate of 20 to 35 mol%), ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymers, fluororesins [Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), etc.], fluorinated rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), polybutadiene rubber (BR), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyacrylic acid (PAA), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), poly N-vinylacetamide, crosslinked acrylic resin, polyurethane, epoxy resin and the like.
- EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers
- PVDF ethylene-ethyl
- organic binders may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylidene fluoride, styrene-butadiene rubber, carboxymethyl cellulose, and polyacrylic acid are preferable.
- the laminated porous film of the embodiment of the present invention is obtained by applying a filler-containing resin solution (dispersion) in which the filler and the resin binder are dissolved or dispersed in a solvent to at least one surface of the polyolefin resin porous film. A heat-resistant layer is formed on the surface of the porous film.
- the solvent it is preferable to use a solvent in which the filler and the resin binder can be dissolved or dispersed uniformly and stably.
- a solvent include N-methylpyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, water, ethanol, toluene, hot xylene, and hexane.
- the dispersion liquid contains a dispersant such as a surfactant, a thickener, a wetting agent, a disinfectant.
- additives such as foaming agents, pH adjusting agents including acids and alkalis, and the like may be added. These additives are preferably those that can be removed upon solvent removal or plasticizer extraction, but are electrochemically stable in the range of use of the lithium ion secondary battery, do not inhibit the battery reaction, and are up to about 200 ° C. If stable, it may remain in the battery (in the laminated porous film).
- Examples of a method for dissolving or dispersing the filler and the resin binder in a solvent include, for example, a ball mill, a bead mill, a planetary ball mill, a vibrating ball mill, a sand mill, a colloid mill, an attritor, a roll mill, a high-speed impeller dispersion, a disperser, a homogenizer, and a high-speed Examples thereof include an impact mill, ultrasonic dispersion, a mechanical stirring method using stirring blades, and the like.
- the method for applying the dispersion to the surface of the polyolefin resin porous film is not particularly limited as long as it can realize a required layer thickness and application area.
- coating methods include gravure coater method, small diameter gravure coater method, reverse roll coater method, transfer roll coater method, kiss coater method, dip coater method, knife coater method, air doctor coater method, blade coater method, rod Examples include a coater method, a squeeze coater method, a cast coater method, a die coater method, a screen printing method, and a spray coating method.
- the said dispersion liquid may be apply
- the solvent is preferably a solvent that can be removed from the dispersion applied to the polyolefin resin porous film.
- a method for removing the solvent any method that does not adversely affect the polyolefin resin porous film can be adopted without any particular limitation.
- a method for removing the solvent for example, a method in which a polyolefin resin porous film is fixed and dried at a temperature below its melting point, a method in which drying is performed at a low temperature under reduced pressure, or a resin binder is solidified by being immersed in a poor solvent for the resin binder. And a method of extracting the solvent at the same time.
- the laminated porous film in which the heat-resistant layer is laminated on the surface of the polyolefin resin porous film of the present invention can be manufactured using a method different from the above-described manufacturing method.
- the raw material for polyolefin resin porous film is introduced into one extruder, the raw material for the heat-resistant layer is introduced into the other extruder, integrated with a single die, and a laminated film is formed. It is also possible to adopt a processing method.
- the thickness of the laminated porous film of the present invention is preferably 5 to 100 ⁇ m. More preferably, it is 8 to 50 ⁇ m, and still more preferably 10 to 30 ⁇ m.
- the battery separator if it is 5 ⁇ m or more, substantially necessary electrical insulation can be obtained. For example, even when a large force is applied to the protruding portion of the electrode, the battery separator is broken and short-circuited. It is difficult and safe.
- the electrical resistance of a laminated porous film can be made small if a film thickness is 100 micrometers or less, the performance of a battery can fully be ensured.
- the heat resistant layer is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 2 ⁇ m or more, still more preferably 3 ⁇ m or more, and particularly preferably 4 ⁇ m or more from the viewpoint of improving heat resistance.
- the upper limit is preferably 90 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 30 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 10 ⁇ m or less from the viewpoint of permeability and high battery capacity.
- the porosity is preferably 30% to 70% as described above, and if it is 30% or more, it is possible to obtain a laminated porous film that secures communication and has excellent air permeability. Moreover, if it is 70% or less, the intensity
- the laminated porous film of the present invention has an air permeability measured in accordance with JIS P8117 of 2000 seconds / 100 ml or less.
- the air permeability after heating at 135 ° C. for 5 seconds is set to 10,000 seconds / 100 ml or more, and the pores are quickly closed when abnormal heat is generated. It shuts off so that troubles such as battery rupture can be avoided.
- the static friction coefficient on the surface of the heat-resistant layer is 0.45 or less as described above.
- the value of the coefficient of static friction on the surface of the heat-resistant layer is 0.45 or less, when used as a battery separator, after being wound around the pin, the battery element is pulled out from the pin without causing deformation. Can do.
- the static friction coefficient is measured by the method described in Examples below.
- the tensile elastic modulus at 3% elongation in the longitudinal direction of the film is 400 to 1000 MPa. If the tensile elastic modulus at the time of 3% elongation is 400 MPa or more, the laminated porous film is stretched and wrinkled when it is used as a battery separator, for example, when the laminated porous film is wound or conveyed. There is no problem and a laminated porous film can be suitably used. On the other hand, 1000 MPa or less is preferable from the viewpoint of flexibility and handling. In addition, the tensile elasticity modulus at the time of the said 3% expansion
- the shrinkage rate at 150 ° C. of the laminated porous film of the present invention is 10% or less as described above, and even when abnormal heat is generated exceeding the SD temperature, it has good dimensional stability and prevents film breakage, The internal short circuit temperature can be improved. Although it does not limit as a minimum, 2% or more is more preferable.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte battery containing the laminated porous film of the present invention as a battery separator will be described with reference to FIG.
- Both electrodes of the positive electrode plate 21 and the negative electrode plate 22 are wound in a spiral shape so as to overlap each other via the battery separator 10, and the outside is stopped with a winding tape to form a wound body.
- the winding step as shown in FIG. 2, one end of the battery separator is passed between the slit portions 1 of the pin 2, and the pin 2 is slightly rotated to wind one end of the battery separator around the pin. .
- the surface of the pin 2 and the heat-resistant layer of the battery separator are in contact.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode are arranged so as to sandwich the battery separator, and the pins are rotated by a winding machine to wind the positive and negative electrodes and the battery separator. After winding, the pin is pulled out of the wound object.
- the wound body in which the positive electrode plate 21, the battery separator 10 and the negative electrode plate 22 are integrally wound is accommodated in a bottomed cylindrical battery case and welded to the positive and negative electrode lead bodies 24 and 25.
- the electrolyte is injected into the battery can, and after the electrolyte has sufficiently penetrated into the battery separator 10 or the like, the positive electrode lid 27 is sealed around the opening periphery of the battery can via the gasket 26, and precharging and aging are performed.
- a secondary battery 20 made of a cylindrical nonaqueous electrolyte battery is produced.
- an electrolytic solution in which a lithium salt is used as an electrolyte and this is dissolved in an organic solvent is used.
- the organic solvent is not particularly limited.
- esters such as propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, dimethyl carbonate, methyl propionate or butyl acetate, and nitriles such as acetonitrile.
- ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran or 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, or sulfolane.
- LiPF 6 lithium hexafluorophosphate
- an alkali metal or an alkali metal compound integrated with a current collecting material such as a stainless steel net is used as the negative electrode.
- the alkali metal include lithium, sodium, and potassium.
- the compound containing an alkali metal include an alloy of an alkali metal and aluminum, lead, indium, potassium, cadmium, tin or magnesium, a compound of an alkali metal and a carbon material, a low potential alkali metal and a metal oxide, and the like. Or a compound with a sulfide or the like.
- the carbon material may be any material that can be doped and dedoped with lithium ions, such as graphite, pyrolytic carbons, cokes, glassy carbons, a fired body of an organic polymer compound, Mesocarbon microbeads, carbon fibers, activated carbon and the like can be used.
- a carbon material having an average particle size of 10 ⁇ m is mixed with a solution in which vinylidene fluoride is dissolved in N-methylpyrrolidone to form a slurry, and this negative electrode mixture slurry is passed through a 70-mesh net. After removing the large particles, uniformly apply to both sides of the negative electrode current collector made of a strip-shaped copper foil having a thickness of 18 ⁇ m and dry, and then compression-molded with a roll press machine, cut, strip-shaped negative electrode plate and We use what we did.
- lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganese oxide, manganese dioxide, metal oxide such as vanadium pentoxide or chromium oxide, metal sulfide such as molybdenum disulfide, etc. are used as active materials.
- These positive electrode active materials are combined with conductive additives and binders such as polytetrafluoroethylene as appropriate, and finished with a current collector material such as a stainless steel mesh as a core material. It is done.
- a strip-like positive electrode plate produced as follows is used as the positive electrode. That is, lithium graphite oxide (LiCoO 2 ) is added with phosphorous graphite as a conductive additive at a mass ratio of 90: 5 (lithium cobalt oxide: phosphorus graphite) and mixed, and this mixture and polyvinylidene fluoride are mixed with N Mix with a solution in methylpyrrolidone to make a slurry.
- This positive electrode mixture slurry is passed through a 70-mesh net to remove large particles, and then uniformly applied to both sides of a positive electrode current collector made of an aluminum foil having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m, dried, and then compressed by a roll press. After forming, it is cut into a strip-like positive electrode plate.
- Example Examples and Comparative Examples are shown below, and the laminated porous film of the present invention will be described in more detail. However, the present invention is not limited to these.
- the longitudinal direction of the laminated porous film is referred to as “longitudinal direction”, and the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction is referred to as “lateral direction”.
- Static friction coefficient Static friction coefficient was measured from the measurement of the SUS surface and the heat-resistant layer surface of the laminated porous film in accordance with JIS K7125.
- Tensile elastic modulus at 3% elongation According to JIS K7127, tensile measurement was performed in the longitudinal direction of the laminated porous film using a universal testing machine manufactured by Intesco under the condition of a temperature of 23 ° C.
- the laminated porous film is strip-shaped, cut into a test piece of 200 mm in the vertical direction and 5 mm in the horizontal direction, and then stretched at a tensile rate of 200 mm / min in the vertical direction as 150 mm between chucks.
- Tensile modulus was measured.
- Air permeability (Gurley value) The air permeability (second / 100 ml) was measured according to JIS P8117.
- the laminated porous film 32 was cut into a 60 mm vertical and 60 mm wide square, and an aluminum plate 31 (material: JIS A5052, size: film vertical direction 34) having a circular hole of ⁇ 40 mm in the center as shown in FIG. was sandwiched between two sheets, and the periphery was fixed with a clip 33 as shown in FIG. 4 (B).
- the laminated porous film is made of two aluminum plates in the center of an oil bath (manufactured by ASONE, OB-200A) filled with glycerin (manufactured by Nacalai Tesque, grade 1) until it reaches 100 mm from the bottom.
- the sample in a state constrained to was immersed and heated for 5 seconds. Immediately after heating, it is immersed in a separately prepared cooling bath filled with 25 ° C. glycerin and cooled for 5 minutes, and then washed with 2-propanol (manufactured by Nacalai Tesque, special grade) and acetone (manufactured by Nacalai Tesque, special grade). And dried in an air atmosphere at 25 ° C. for 15 minutes. About the sample after drying, air permeability was measured according to the method of said (6).
- the obtained laminated porous film was evaluated for ⁇ activity as follows.
- DSC Differential scanning calorimetry
- the obtained laminated porous film was heated from 25 ° C. to 240 ° C. at a scanning rate of 10 ° C./min for 1 minute using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC-7) manufactured by Perkin Elmer, and then held for 240 minutes.
- the temperature was lowered from 0 ° C. to 25 ° C. at a scanning rate of 10 ° C./min and held for 1 minute, and then heated again from 25 ° C. to 240 ° C. at a scanning rate of 10 ° C./min.
- ⁇ activity was evaluated according to the following criteria depending on whether or not a peak was detected at 145 to 160 ° C. which is the crystal melting peak temperature (Tm ⁇ ) derived from the ⁇ crystal of the polypropylene resin at the time of reheating.
- Tm ⁇ crystal melting peak temperature
- ⁇ When Tm ⁇ is detected within the range of 145 ° C to 160 ° C (with ⁇ activity)
- X When Tm ⁇ is not detected within the range of 145 ° C to 160 ° C (no ⁇ activity) The ⁇ activity was measured with a sample amount of 10 mg under a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the laminated porous film was cut into a 60 mm vertical and 60 mm horizontal square, and as shown in FIG. 4 (A), an aluminum plate having a circular hole with a central portion of 40 mm ⁇ (material: JIS A5052, size: vertical 60 mm, horizontal 60 mm, (Thickness 1 mm) was sandwiched between two sheets, and the periphery was fixed with clips as shown in FIG. 4 (B).
- a sample in which the laminated porous film is constrained to two aluminum plates is placed in a ventilation constant temperature thermostat (Yamato Scientific Co., Ltd., model: DKN602) having a set temperature of 180 ° C.
- -Wide-angle X-ray diffraction measurement device manufactured by Mac Science, model number: XMP18A X-ray source: CuK ⁇ ray, output: 40 kV, 200 mA Scanning method: 2 ⁇ / ⁇ scan, 2 ⁇ range: 5 ° to 25 °, scanning interval: 0.05 °, scanning speed: 5 ° / min About the obtained diffraction profile, the presence or absence of ⁇ activity was evaluated as follows from the peak derived from the (300) plane of ⁇ crystal of the polypropylene resin.
- a laminated porous film piece cannot be cut out to 60 mm length and 60 mm square, it may adjust so that a laminated porous film may be installed in the circular hole of 40 mmphi in the center part, and may produce a sample.
- Example 1 Polyolefin resin film
- polypropylene resin Prime Polymer Co., Prime Polypro F300SV, density: 0.90 g / cm 3 , MFR: 3.0 g / 10 min
- N, N′-dicyclohexyl- as the ⁇ crystal nucleating agent 2,6-Naphthalenedicarboxylic acid amide was prepared.
- Each raw material is blended at a ratio of 0.2 part by mass of ⁇ -crystal nucleating agent with respect to 100 parts by mass of polypropylene resin, and the same direction twin screw extruder manufactured by Toshiba Machine Co., Ltd.
- polypropylene resin composition pellets (caliber: 40 mm ⁇ , L / D: 32), melted and mixed at a preset temperature of 300 ° C., cooled and solidified in a water bath, cut into strands with a pelletizer, and produced polypropylene resin composition pellets.
- the ⁇ activity of the polypropylene resin composition was 80%.
- a mixed resin composition constituting the layer B 100 parts by mass of glycerin is added to 100 parts by mass of high-density polyethylene (manufactured by Nippon Polytechnic Co., Ltd., Novatec HD HF560, density: 0.963 g / cm 3 , MFR: 7.0 g / 10 min).
- the obtained laminated porous film made of polyolefin resin was subjected to corona surface treatment with a corona treatment device (manufactured by Kasuga Denki Co., Ltd., line speed: 50 m / min, treatment output: 2 kW).
- a corona treatment device manufactured by Kasuga Denki Co., Ltd., line speed: 50 m / min, treatment output: 2 kW.
- Example 2 Alumina (Sumitomo Chemical Co., Sumiko Random AA-03, average particle size: 0.3 ⁇ m) 39.2 parts by mass, polyvinyl alcohol (Kuraray Co., Ltd., PVA120, saponification degree: 98.0 to 99.0, average polymerization degree) : 2000) A dispersion in which 0.8 part by mass was dispersed in 60.0 parts by mass of water was obtained. The obtained dispersion was applied to the corona-treated surface of the polyolefin resin laminated porous film produced in Example 1 using a gravure coater, and then dried at 75 ° C. The physical properties of the obtained laminated porous film were evaluated, and the results are summarized in Table 1.
- Example 3 Alumina (Sumitomo Chemical Co., Sumiko Random AA-03, average particle size: 0.3 ⁇ m) 38.0 parts by mass, polyvinyl alcohol (Kuraray Co., Ltd., PVA120, saponification degree: 98.0 to 99.0, average polymerization degree) : 2000) A dispersion in which 2.0 parts by mass of water was dispersed in 60.0 parts by mass of water was obtained. The obtained dispersion was applied to the corona-treated surface of the polyolefin resin laminated porous film produced in Example 1 using a gravure coater, and then dried at 75 ° C. The physical properties of the obtained laminated porous film were evaluated, and the results are summarized in Table 1.
- polypropylene resin (Prime Polymer Co., Prime Polypro F300SV, density: 0.90 g / cm 3 , MFR: 3.0 g / 10 min) and ⁇ crystal nucleating agent 3,9-bis [4 -(N-cyclohexylcarbamoyl) phenyl] -2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro [5.5] undecane was prepared.
- Each raw material is blended at a ratio of 0.1 part by mass of ⁇ -crystal nucleating agent with respect to 100 parts by mass of polypropylene resin, and a twin-screw extruder manufactured by Toshiba Machine Co., Ltd.
- the strand was cooled and solidified in a water bath at 280 ° C., and the strand was cut with a pelletizer to produce a polypropylene resin composition pellet.
- the ⁇ activity of the polypropylene resin composition was 80%.
- a mixed resin composition constituting the B layer 90 parts by mass of high-density polyethylene (manufactured by Prime Polymer, Hi-ZEX 3300F, density: 0.950 g / cm 3 , MFR: 1.1 g / 10 min) 10 parts by mass of hydrogenated petroleum resin (Arakawa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Alcon P115) was added, and a resin composition processed into a pellet by melting and kneading at 230 ° C. using the same type of unidirectional twin screw extruder was obtained. .
- Table 1 shows the physical property values obtained in each Example and Comparative Example.
- the laminated porous films of Examples 1 to 3 configured within the range specified in the present invention have excellent slipperiness compared to the films of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 configured within the range specified by the present invention. It can be seen that it has excellent pin pull-out properties and separator characteristics.
- Comparative Examples 1 and 2 it can be seen from Comparative Examples 1 and 2 that when the value of F% is 90% or less, even if the coefficient of static friction is low and the pin-out property is good, the air permeability is high and the separator characteristics do not appear. . Further, Comparative Example 3 suggests that the one without the heat-resistant layer has a high coefficient of static friction, so that the pin pull-out property was not good.
- the laminated porous film of the present invention can be applied to various uses that require air permeability.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cell Separators (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Coating Of Shaped Articles Made Of Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
また、特許文献6において、ピン抜け性はよくなるものの、製膜時におけるフィルム巻取りの際に巻皺の原因になるなど、加工性が悪くなり、生産性の観点からも好ましくない問題がある。
このように、ピンの引き抜き性の点から、耐熱層表面の静摩擦係数は重要であり、前記のように、0.45以下、好ましくは0.40以下としている。下限については特に限定しないが、加工性の観点から0.10以上が好ましく、0.15以上がより好ましく、0.20以上が更に好ましい。
なお、前記3%伸張時の引張弾性率の測定方法は後述の実施形態に記載の測定方法に準拠する。
透気度は2000秒/100ml以下であれば、積層多孔フィルムに連通性があることを示し、優れた透気性能を示すことができるため好ましい。好ましくは10~1000秒/100mlであり、より好ましく、50~800秒/100mlである。
透気度はフィルム厚み方向の空気の通り抜け難さを表し、具体的には100mlの空気が当該フィルムを通過するのに必要な秒数で表現されている。そのため、数値が小さい方が通り抜け易く、数値が大きい方が通り抜け難いことを意味する。すなわち、その数値が小さい方がフィルムの厚み方向の連通性が良いことを意味し、その数値が大きい方がフィルムの厚み方向の連通性が悪いことを意味する。連通性とはフィルム厚み方向の孔のつながり度合いである。
本発明の積層多孔フィルムの透気度が低ければ様々な用途に使用することができる。電池用セパレータとして使用する場合、透気度が低いということはリチウムイオンの移動が容易であることを意味し、電池性能に優れるため好ましい。
前記β活性は、延伸前の膜状物においてポリプロピレン系樹脂がβ晶を生成していたことを示す一指標と捉えることができる。延伸前の膜状物中のポリプロピレン系樹脂がβ晶を生成していれば、フィラー等の添加剤を使用しない場合においても、延伸を施すことで微細孔が容易に形成されるため、透気特性を有する積層多孔フィルムを得ることができる。
「β活性」の有無は、後述する示差走査型熱量計によりβ晶に由来する結晶融解ピーク温度が検出された場合か、及び/又は後述するX線回折装置を用いた測定により、β晶に由来する回折ピークが検出された場合、「β活性」を有すると判断している。
これは、150℃における収縮率が10%以下であれば、SD温度を越えて異常発熱した際においても、寸法安定性がよく、破膜するのを防げ、内部短絡温度を向上することができる。下限としては限定しないが、2%以上がより好ましい。
空孔率を30%~70%としているのは、30%以上であれば、連通性を確保し透気特性に優れた積層多孔フィルムとすることができる一方、70%以下であれば積層多孔フィルムの強度が低下しにくく、ハンドリングの観点からも好ましい。
好ましくは35%以上、より好ましくは40%以上である。一方、上限については好ましく65%以下、より好ましくは60%以下である。
空孔率の測定方法は後述する。
本発明の積層多孔フィルムは、非水電解液電池用セパレータとして好適に用いられるものであり、ポリオレフィン系樹脂多孔フィルムの少なくとも片面にフィラーと樹脂バインダとを含む耐熱層を積層している。該耐熱層の表面の静摩擦係数は0.45以下とし、透気度は2000秒/100ml以下とし、かつ、長手方向の3%伸張時の引張弾性率が400~1000MPaとしている。
なお、本発明において、「主成分」と表現した場合には、特に記載しない限り、当該主成分の機能を妨げない範囲で他の成分を含有することを許容する意を包含し、特に当該主成分の含有割合を特定するものではないが、主成分は組成物中の50質量%以上、好ましくは70質量%以上、特に好ましくは90質量%以上(100%含む)を占める意を包含するものである。
また、「X~Y」(X,Yは任意の数字)と記載した場合、特に、規定しない限り「X以上Y以下」の意と共に、「好ましくはXより大きい」及び「好ましくはYより小さい」の意を包含するものである。
ポリオレフィン系樹脂多孔フィルムで用いるポリオレフィン系樹脂として、エチレン、プロピレン、1-ブテン、4-メチル-1-ペンテン、1-ヘキサンなどを重合した単独重合体または共重合体が挙げられる。この中でも、ポリプロピレン系樹脂、ポリエチレン系樹脂が好ましい。
ポリプロピレン系樹脂としては、ホモプロピレン(プロピレン単独重合体)、またはプロピレンとエチレン、1-ブテン、1-ペンテン、1-へキセン、1-へプテン、1-オクテン、1-ノネンもしくは1-デセンなどα-オレフィンとのランダム共重合体またはブロック共重合体などが挙げられる。この中でも、積層多孔フィルムの機械的強度、耐熱性などを維持する観点から、ホモポリプロピレンがより好適に使用される。
アイソタクチックペンタッド分率(mmmm分率)とは、任意の連続する5つのプロピレン単位で構成される炭素-炭素結合による主鎖に対して側鎖である5つのメチル基がいずれも同方向に位置する立体構造あるいはその割合を意味する。メチル基領域のシグナルの帰属は、A.Zambelli et al(Macromolecules8,687,(1975))に準拠した。
本発明の積層多孔フィルムにおいて、「β活性」の有無は、示差走査型熱量計で積層多孔フィルムを25℃から240℃まで加熱速度10℃/分で昇温後1分間保持し、次に240℃から25℃まで冷却速度10℃/分で降温後1分間保持し、更に25℃から240℃まで加熱速度10℃/分で再昇温させた際に、ポリプロピレン系樹脂のβ晶に由来する結晶融解ピーク温度(Tmβ)が検出された場合、β活性を有すると判断している。
β活性度(%)=〔ΔHmβ/(ΔHmβ+ΔHmα)〕×100
例えば、ポリプロピレン系樹脂がホモポリプロピレンの場合は、主に145℃以上160℃未満の範囲で検出されるβ晶由来の結晶融解熱量(ΔHmβ)と、主に160℃以上170℃以下に検出されるα晶由来の結晶融解熱量(ΔHmα)から計算することができる。また、例えばエチレンが1~4モル%共重合されているランダムポリプロピレンの場合は、主に120℃以上140℃未満の範囲で検出されるβ晶由来の結晶融解熱量(ΔHmβ)と、主に140℃以上165℃以下の範囲に検出されるα晶由来の結晶融解熱量(ΔHmα)から計算することができる。
β活性度の上限値は特に限定されないが、β活性度が高いほど前記効果がより有効に得られるので100%に近いほど好ましい。
詳細には、ポリプロピレン系樹脂の融点を超える温度である170℃~190℃の熱処理を施し、徐冷してβ晶を生成・成長させた積層多孔フィルムについて広角X線回折測定を行い、ポリプロピレン系樹脂のβ晶の(300)面に由来する回折ピークが2θ=16.0°~16.5°の範囲に検出された場合、β活性が有ると判断している。
ポリプロピレン系樹脂のβ晶構造と広角X線回折に関する詳細は、Macromol.Chem.187,643-652(1986)、Prog.Polym.Sci.Vol.16,361-404(1991)、Macromol.Symp.89,499-511(1995)、Macromol.Chem.75,134(1964)、及びこれらの文献中に挙げられた参考文献を参照することができる。広角X線回折を用いたβ活性の詳細な評価方法については、後述の実施例にて示す。
また、仮に、ポリプロピレン系樹脂からなる層以外に、ポリプロピレン系樹脂を含有する層などを積層させる場合には、両層ともにβ活性を有することが好ましい。
本発明で用いる前記β晶核剤としては、以下に示すものが挙げられるが、ポリプロピレン系樹脂のβ晶の生成・成長を増加させるものであれば特に限定される訳ではなく、また2種類以上を混合して用いても良い。
β晶核剤としては、例えば、アミド化合物;テトラオキサスピロ化合物;キナクリドン類;ナノスケールのサイズを有する酸化鉄;1,2-ヒドロキシステアリン酸カリウム、安息香酸マグネシウムもしくはコハク酸マグネシウム、フタル酸マグネシウムなどに代表されるカルボン酸のアルカリもしくはアルカリ土類金属塩;ベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウムもしくはナフタレンスルホン酸ナトリウムなどに代表される芳香族スルホン酸化合物;二もしくは三塩基カルボン酸のジもしくはトリエステル類;フタロシアニンブルーなどに代表されるフタロシアニン系顔料;有機二塩基酸である成分Aと周期律表第IIA族金属の酸化物、水酸化物もしくは塩である成分Bとからなる二成分系化合物;環状リン化合物とマグネシウム化合物からなる組成物などが挙げられる。そのほか核剤の具体的な種類については、特開2003-306585号公報、特開平06-289566号公報、特開平09-194650号公報に記載されている。
また、仮にポリプロピレン系樹脂からなる層以外に、ポリプロピレン系樹脂を含有する層などを積層させる場合には、各層のβ晶核剤の添加量は同じであっても、異なっていても良い。β晶核剤の添加量を変更することで各層の多孔構造を適宜調整することができる。
ポリプロピレン系樹脂に、前述した成分のほか、本発明の効果を著しく阻害しない範囲内で、一般に樹脂組成物に配合される添加剤を適宜添加できる。前記添加剤としては、成形加工性、生産性および積層多孔フィルムの諸物性を改良・調整する目的で添加される、耳などのトリミングロス等から発生するリサイクル樹脂やシリカ、タルク、カオリン、炭酸カルシウム等の無機粒子、酸化チタン、カーボンブラック等の顔料、難燃剤、耐候性安定剤、耐熱安定剤、帯電防止剤、溶融粘度改良剤、架橋剤、滑剤、核剤、可塑剤、老化防止剤、酸化防止剤、光安定剤、紫外線吸収剤、中和剤、防曇剤、アンチブロッキング剤、スリップ剤または着色剤などの添加剤が挙げられる。具体的には、「プラスチックス配合剤」のP154~P158に記載されている酸化防止剤、P178~P182に記載されている紫外線吸収剤、P271~P275に記載されている帯電防止剤としての界面活性剤、P283~P294に記載されている滑剤などが挙げられる。
本実施形態では、前記ポリプロプレン系樹脂からなる多孔フィルムと積層する多孔フィルムとして、ポリエチレン系樹脂多孔フィルムが好適に用いられる。
該ポリエチレン系樹脂としては、具体的に超低密度ポリエチレン、低密度ポリエチレン、高密度ポリエチレン、線状低密度ポリエチレン、また分子量に特徴のある超高分子量ポリエチレンのようなホモポリマーポリエチレンだけでなく、エチレンプロピレン共重合体、またはポリエチレン系樹脂と他のポリオレフィン系樹脂とのコポリマーポリエチレンが挙げられる。中でも、ホモポリマーポリエチレン、或いはα-オレフィンコモノマー含量が2モル%以下のコポリマーポリエチレンが好ましく、ホモポリマーポリエチレンであることが更に好ましい。α-オレフィンコモノマーの種類については特に制限はない。
MFRはJIS K7210に従い、温度190℃、荷重2.16kgの条件で測定している。
ポリエチレン系樹脂に、多孔化を促進させる多孔化促進化合物Xを添加することが好ましい。前記多孔化促進化合物Xを添加することにより、より効率的に多孔構造を得ることができ、孔の形状や孔径を制御しやすくなる。
前記多孔化促進化合物Xは限定はしないが、具体的に例示すると、変性ポリオレフィン樹脂、脂環族飽和炭化水素樹脂若しくはその変性体、エチレン系共重合体、またはワックスから選ばれる多孔化促進化合物Xのうち少なくとも1種が含まれていることがより好ましい。中でも、多孔化でより効果の大きい脂環族飽和炭化水素樹脂若しくはその変性体、エチレン系共重合体、またはワックスがより好ましく、成形性の観点からワックスが更に好ましい。
(ア)融点が40℃~200℃である。
(イ)融点より10℃高い温度での溶融粘度が50Pa・s以下である。
中でも、核剤はポリエチレン系樹脂の結晶構造を制御し、延伸開孔時の多孔構造を細かくするという効果があるため好ましい。市販されているものとして、「ゲルオールD」(新日本理化社製)、「アデカ スタブ」(旭電化工業社製)、「Hyperform」(ミリケンケミカル社製)、または「IRGACLEAR D」(チバ スペシャルケミカルズ社製)等が挙げられる。また、核剤の添加されたポリエチレン系樹脂の具体例としては、「リケマスター」(理研ビタミン社製)等が商業的に入手できる。
本発明において、ポリオレフィン系樹脂多孔フィルムは、単層でも積層でも構わないが、2層以上に積層させることが好ましい。中でも、ポリプロピレン系樹脂を含有する層とポリエチレン系樹脂を含有する層とを積層したものがより好ましい。
ポリオレフィン系樹脂多孔フィルムの層構成は、ポリプロピレン系樹脂を含有する層(以降「A層」と称す)が少なくとも1層存在すれば特に限定されるものではない。また、ポリオレフィン系樹脂多孔フィルムの機能を妨げない範囲で他の層(以降「B層」と称す)を積層することもできる。強度保持層、耐熱層(高融解温度樹脂層)、シャットダウン層(低融解温度樹脂層)などを積層させた構成が挙げられる。例えば、リチウムイオン電池用セパレータとして用いる際には、特開平04-181651号公報に記載されているような高温雰囲気化で孔閉塞し、電池の安全性を確保する低融点樹脂層を積層させることが好ましい。
具体的にはA層/B層を積層した2層構造、A層/B層/A層、若しくは、B層/A層/B層として積層した3層構造などが例示できる。また、他の機能を持つ層と組み合わせて3種3層の様な形態も可能である。この場合、他の機能を持つ層との積層順序は特に問わない。更に層数としては4層、5層、6層、7層と必要に応じて増やしても良い。
次に、本発明のポリオレフィン系樹脂多孔フィルムの製造方法について説明するが、本発明はかかる製造方法により製造される積層多孔フィルムのみに限定されるものではない。
無孔膜状物の延伸方法については、ロール延伸法、圧延法、テンター延伸法、同時二軸延伸法などの手法があり、これらを単独あるいは2つ以上組み合わせて一軸延伸あるいは二軸延伸を行う。中でも、多孔構造制御の観点から逐次二軸延伸が好ましい。
(a)各層を多孔化したのち、多孔化された各層をラミネートしたり接着剤等で接着したりして積層する方法。
(b)各層を積層して積層無孔膜状物を作製し、ついで当該無孔膜状物を多孔化する方法。
(c)各層のうちいずれか1層を多孔化したのち、もう1層の無孔膜状物と積層し、多孔化する方法。
(d)多孔層を作製した後、無機・有機粒子などのコーティング塗布や、金属粒子の蒸着などを行うことにより積層多孔フィルムとする方法。
本発明においては、その工程の簡略さ、生産性の観点から(b)の方法を用いることが好ましく、なかでも2層の層間接着性を確保するために、共押出で積層無孔膜状物を作製した後、多孔化する方法が特に好ましい。
まず、ポリプロピレン系樹脂と、必要であれば熱可塑性樹脂、添加剤の混合樹脂組成物を作製する。例えば、ポリプロピレン系樹脂、β晶核剤、および所望によりその他添加物等の原材料を、好ましくはヘンシェルミキサー、スーパーミキサー、タンブラー型ミキサー等を用いて、または袋の中に全成分を入れてハンドブレンドにて混合した後、一軸あるいは二軸押出機、ニーダー等、好ましくは二軸押出機で溶融混練後、カッティングしてペレットを得る。
使用するTダイのギャップは、最終的に必要なフィルムの厚み、延伸条件、ドラフト率、各種条件等から決定されるが、一般的には0.1~3.0mm程度、好ましくは0.5~1.0mmである。0.1mm未満では生産速度という観点から好ましくなく、また3.0mmより大きければ、ドラフト率が大きくなるので生産安定性の観点から好ましくない。
キャストロールによる冷却固化温度は本発明において非常に重要であり、膜状物中のポリプロピレン系樹脂のβ晶の比率を調整することができる。キャストロールの冷却固化温度は好ましくは80~150℃、より好ましくは90~140℃、更に好ましくは100~130℃である。冷却固化温度を80℃以上とすることで、膜状物中のβ晶の比率を十分に増加させることができるために好ましい。また、150℃以下とすることで押出された溶融樹脂がキャストロールへ粘着し巻き付いてしまうなどのトラブルが起こりにくく、効率よく膜状物化することが可能であるので好ましい。
延伸前の膜状物中のβ晶比率は、示差走査型熱量計を用いて、該膜状物を25℃から240℃まで加熱速度10℃/分で昇温させた際に、検出されるポリプロピレン系樹脂(A)のα晶由来の結晶融解熱量(ΔHmα)とβ晶由来の結晶融解熱量(ΔHmβ)を用いて下記式で計算される。
β晶比率(%)=〔ΔHmβ/(ΔHmβ+ΔHmα)〕×100
なお、膜状物及びフィルムの長手方向を「縦方向」、長手方向に対して垂直方向を「横方向」と称する。また、長手方向への延伸を「縦延伸」、長手方向に対して垂直方向への延伸を「横延伸」と称する。
一方、横延伸での延伸温度は概ね100~160℃、好ましくは110~150℃、更に好ましくは120~140℃である。また、好ましい横延伸倍率は2~10倍、より好ましくは3~8倍、更に好ましくは4~7倍である。前記範囲内で横延伸することで、縦延伸により形成された空孔起点を適度に拡大させ、微細な多孔構造を発現させることができる。
前記延伸工程の延伸速度としては、500~12000%/分が好ましく、1500~10000%/分がさらに好ましく、2500~8000%/分であることが更に好ましい。
前記ポリオレフィン系樹脂多孔フィルムの少なくとも片面に、フィラーと樹脂バインダとを含む耐熱層を積層させている。
本発明に用いることができるフィラーとして無機フィラー、有機フィラーなどがあるが特に制約されるものではない。
なお、本実施の形態において「無機フィラーの平均粒径」とは、SEMを用いる方法に準じて測定される値である。
本発明に用いることができる樹脂バインダの例として、前記フィラー、前記ポリオレフィン系樹脂多孔フィルムを良好に接着でき、電気化学的に安定で、かつ積層多孔フィルムを電池用セパレータとして使用する場合には、有機電解液に対して安定であれば特に制限はない。具体的には、エチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体(EVA、酢酸ビニル由来の構造単位が20~35モル%のもの)、エチレン-エチルアクリレート共重合体などのエチレン-アクリル酸共重合体、フッ素樹脂[ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)など]、フッ素系ゴム、スチレン-ブタジエンゴム(SBR)、ニトリルブタジエンゴム(NBR)、ポリブタジエンゴム(BR)、ポリアクリロニトリル(PAN)、ポリアクリル酸(PAA)、カルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース(HEC)、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)、ポリビニルブチラール(PVB)、ポリビニルピロリドン(PVP)、ポリN-ビニルアセトアミド、架橋アクリル樹脂、ポリウレタン、エポキシ樹脂などが挙げられる。これらの有機バインダは1種単独で使用してもよく、2種以上を併用しても構わない。これらの中でもポリビニルアルコール、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、スチレン-ブタジエンゴム、カルボキシメチルセルロース、ポリアクリル酸が好ましい。
本発明の実施形態の積層多孔フィルムは、前記フィラーと前記樹脂バインダとを溶媒に溶解または分散させたフィラー含有樹脂溶液(分散液)を、前記ポリオレフィン系樹脂多孔フィルムの少なくとも片面に塗布することによって、多孔フィルムの表面に耐熱層を形成している。
本発明の積層多孔フィルムの膜厚は、前記のように、5~100μmが好ましい。より好ましくは8~50μm、更に好ましくは10~30μmである。電池用セパレータとして使用する場合、5μm以上であれば、実質的に必要な電気絶縁性を得ることができ、例えば電極の突起部分に大きな力がかかった場合でも、電池用セパレータを突き破って短絡しにくく安全性に優れる。また、膜厚が100μm以下であれば、積層多孔フィルムの電気抵抗を小さくすることができるので、電池の性能を十分に確保することができる。
また、電池用セパレータとして使用時において、SD特性を付与するため、135℃で5秒間加熱後の透気度は10000秒/100ml以上とし、異常発熱時において空孔が速やかに閉塞し、電流を遮断して、電池の破裂等のトラブルを回避できるようにしている。
前記静摩擦係数の測定は後述の実施例に記載の方法で測定している。
前記3%伸張時の引張弾性率が400MPa以上あれば、電池用セパレータとして使用時に、前記積層多孔フィルムを捲回・搬送などハンドリングする際に、積層多孔フィルムが伸ばされて、シワが入るなどの問題が無く、好適に積層多孔フィルムを使用することができる。一方で、可撓性、ハンドリングの観点から1000MPa以下が好ましい。
なお、前記3%伸張時の引張弾性率は後述の実施例に記載の測定方法で測定している。
本発明の前記積層多孔フィルムを電池用セパレータとして収容している非水電解液電池について、図1を参照して説明する。
正極板21、負極板22の両極は電池用セパレータ10を介して互いに重なるようにして渦巻き状に捲回し、巻き止めテープで外側を止めて捲回体としている。
前記捲回工程では、図2に示すように、電池用セパレータの片端をピン2のスリット部1の間に通し、ピン2を少しだけ回転させて電池用セパレータの一端をピンに巻きつけておく。この時、ピン2の表面と電池用セパレータの耐熱層とが接触している。その後、電池用セパレータを間に挟むようにして正極と負極を配置し、捲回機によってピンを回転させて、正負極と電池用セパレータを捲回する。捲回後、ピンは捲回物から引き抜かれる。
なかでも、エチレンカーボネート1質量部に対してメチルエチルカーボネートを2質量部混合した溶媒中に六フッ化リン酸リチウム(LiPF6)を1.0mol/Lの割合で溶解した電解質が好ましい。
負極に炭素材料を用いる場合、炭素材料としてはリチウムイオンをドープ、脱ドープできるものであればよく、例えば黒鉛、熱分解炭素類、コークス類、ガラス状炭素類、有機高分子化合物の焼成体、メソカーボンマイクロビーズ、炭素繊維、活性炭などを用いることができる。
以下に実施例および比較例を示し、本発明の積層多孔フィルムについて更に詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。なお、積層多孔フィルムの長手方向を「縦方向」、長手方向に対して垂直方向を「横方向」と称する。
1/1000mmのダイアルゲージにて、面内を不特定に30箇所測定し、その平均値を膜厚とした。
耐熱層において、フィラーと樹脂バインダとの総量に占めるフィラーの割合をF%とした。
JIS K7125に準拠してSUS面と積層多孔フィルムの耐熱層表面との測定から、静摩擦係数を測定した。
図3に示す装置を用い、縦5000mm、横580mm角に切り出した積層多孔フィルム2枚のサンプル6を重ね、片端を図3のピン2のスリット部1に挟み、回転ロール部5に巻きつけ、反対端に4.3Nの重り7をぶら下げ、積層多孔フィルムを固定した。
次に、耐熱層が内側になるように、速度0.6m/minで積層多孔フィルムをピン2に巻きつけ、セロハンテープで固定した。
次に、ピン2を装置から取り出し、鍔3によりピン2に捲きつけた積層多孔フィルムを引き抜いた。
これを4回繰り返し、以下の判断基準に基づいてピン抜け性を評価して、「◎」となる積層多孔フィルムを合格とした。
◎:引き抜けた回数が3回以上
△:引き抜けた回数が2回
×:引き抜けた回数が1回以下
JIS K7127に準じて、温度23℃の条件で積層多孔フィルムの縦方向についてインテスコ社製の万能試験機を用いて引張測定を行った。積層多孔フィルムは短冊状で、縦方向に200mm、横方向に5mmの試験片に切出した後、チャック間150mmとして、縦方向について引張速度200mm/minで伸長させた際の、3%伸長時の引張弾性率を測定した。
JIS P8117に準拠して透気度(秒/100ml)を測定した。
積層多孔フィルム32を縦60mm、横60mm角に切り出し、図4(A)に示すように中央部にφ40mmの円状の穴を空けたアルミ板31(材質:JIS A5052、サイズ:フィルム縦方向34が60mm、フィルム横方向35が60mm、厚さ1mm)2枚の間にはさみ、図4(B)に示すように周囲をクリップ33で固定した。
次に、グリセリン(ナカライテスク社製、1級)を底面から100mmとなるまで満たした、135℃のオイルバス(アズワン社製、OB-200A)の中央部に、積層多孔フィルムをアルミ板2枚に拘束した状態のサンプルを浸漬し、5秒間加熱した。加熱後直ちに、別途用意した25℃のグリセリンを満たした冷却槽に浸漬して5分間冷却した後、2-プロパノール(ナカライテスク社製、特級)、アセトン(ナカライテスク社製、特級)で洗浄し、25℃の空気雰囲気下にて15分間乾燥した。乾燥後のサンプルについて、透気度を前記(6)の方法に従い測定した。
積層多孔フィルムを縦150mm、横30mm角に切り出したサンプルをチャック間100mmとなるように印を入れ、風が直接あたらないようにアルミホイルでサンプルを挟み、150℃に設定したオーブン(タバイエスペック社製、タバイギヤオーブンGPH200)に該サンプルを入れ、1時間静置した。該サンプルをオーブンから取り出し冷却した後、長さを測定し、以下の式にて縦方向(MD)、横方向(TD)の収縮率をそれぞれ算出した。
収縮率(%)={(100-加熱後の長さ)/100}×100
(9)示差走査型熱量測定(DSC)
得られた積層多孔フィルムをパーキンエルマー社製の示差走査型熱量計(DSC-7)を用いて、25℃から240℃まで走査速度10℃/分で昇温後1分間保持し、次に240℃~25℃まで走査速度10℃/分で降温後1分間保持し、次に25℃から240℃まで走査速度10℃/分で再昇温させた。この再昇温時にポリプロピレン系樹脂のβ晶に由来する結晶融解ピーク温度(Tmβ)である145~160℃にピークが検出されるか否かによりβ活性の有無を以下の基準にて評価した。
○:Tmβが145℃~160℃の範囲内に検出された場合(β活性あり)
×:Tmβが145℃~160℃の範囲内に検出されなかった場合(β活性なし)
なお、β活性の測定は、試料量10mgで、窒素雰囲気下にて行った。
積層多孔フィルムを縦60mm、横60mm角に切り出し、図4(A)に示すように中央部が40mmφの円状に穴の空いたアルミ板(材質:JIS A5052、サイズ:縦60mm、横60mm、厚さ1mm)2枚の間にはさみ、図4(B)に示すように周囲をクリップで固定した。
積層多孔フィルムをアルミ板2枚に拘束した状態のサンプルを設定温度180℃、表示温度180℃である送風定温恒温器(ヤマト科学株式会社製、型式:DKN602)に入れ3分間保持した後、設定温度を100℃に変更し、10分以上の時間をかけて100℃まで徐冷を行った。表示温度が100℃になった時点でサンプルを取り出し、アルミ板2枚に拘束した状態のまま25℃の雰囲気下で5分間冷却して得られたサンプルについて、 以下の測定条件で、中央部の40mmφの円状の部分について広角X線回折測定を行った。
・広角X線回折測定装置:マックサイエンス社製、型番:XMP18A
・X線源:CuKα線、出力:40kV、200mA
・走査方法:2θ/θスキャン、2θ範囲:5°~25°、走査間隔:0.05°、走査速度:5°/min
得られた回折プロファイルについて、ポリプロピレン系樹脂のβ晶の(300)面に由来するピークより、β活性の有無を以下のように評価した。
○:ピークが2θ=16.0~16.5°の範囲に検出された場合(β活性あり)
×:ピークが2θ=16.0~16.5°の範囲に検出されなかった場合(β活性なし)
なお、積層多孔フィルム片が縦60mm、横60mm角に切り出せない場合は、中央部に40mmφの円状の穴に積層多孔フィルムが設置されるように調整し、サンプルを作成しても構わない。
以下の条件を全て満たす積層多孔フィルムを◎、1つでも満たさないものを×とした。 1.透気度:1~2000秒/100ml
2.SD特性:10000秒/100ml以上
3.150℃における収縮率:縦方向、横方向ともに10%以下
4.ピン抜け性:◎
(ポリオレフィン系樹脂フィルム)
A層として、ポリプロピレン系樹脂(プライムポリマー社製、プライムポリプロ F300SV、密度:0.90g/cm3、MFR:3.0g/10分)と、β晶核剤として、N,N’-ジシクロヘキシル-2,6-ナフタレンジカルボン酸アミドを準備した。ポリプロピレン系樹脂100質量部に対して、β晶核剤を0.2質量部の割合で各原材料をブレンドし、東芝機械株式会社製の同方向二軸押出機(口径:40mmφ、L/D:32)に投入し、設定温度300℃で溶融混合後、水槽にてストランドを冷却固化し、ペレタイザーにてストランドをカットし、ポリプロピレン系樹脂組成物のペレットを作製した。ポリプロピレン系樹脂組成物のβ活性は80%であった。
前記積層膜状物を、縦延伸機を用いて縦方向に4.6倍延伸し、その後、横延伸機にて98℃で横方向に1.9倍延伸後、熱固定/弛緩処理を行った。その結果、膜厚20μm、透気度450秒/100mlのポリオレフィン系樹脂製の積層多孔フィルムを得た。
硫酸バリウム(堺化学工業社製、B-35T、平均粒径:0.3μm)25.5質量部、ポリビニルアルコール(クラレ社製、PVA120、鹸化度:98.0~99.0、平均重合度:2000)0.5質量部を水66.6質量部と2-プロパノール7.4質量部の混合液に分散させた分散液を得た。得られた分散液を前記多孔フィルムのコロナ処理面にグラビアコーターを用いて塗布した後、75℃で乾燥した。
得られた積層多孔フィルムの物性評価を行い、その結果を表1にまとめた。
アルミナ(住友化学社製、スミコランダムAA-03、平均粒径:0.3μm)39.2質量部、ポリビニルアルコール(クラレ社製、PVA120、鹸化度:98.0~99.0、平均重合度:2000)0.8質量部を60.0質量部の水に分散させた分散液を得た。得られた分散液を実施例1で製造したポリオレフィン系樹脂製の積層多孔フィルムのコロナ処理面にグラビアコーターを用いて塗布した後、75℃で乾燥した。
得られた積層多孔フィルムの物性評価を行い、その結果を表1にまとめた。
アルミナ(住友化学社製、スミコランダムAA-03、平均粒径:0.3μm)38.0質量部、ポリビニルアルコール(クラレ社製、PVA120、鹸化度:98.0~99.0、平均重合度:2000)2.0質量部を60.0質量部の水に分散させた分散液を得た。得られた分散液を実施例1で製造したポリオレフィン系樹脂製の積層多孔フィルムのコロナ処理面にグラビアコーターを用いて塗布した後、75℃で乾燥した。
得られた積層多孔フィルムの物性評価を行い、その結果を表1にまとめた。
硫酸バリウム(堺化学工業社製、B-35T、平均粒径:0.3μm)23.4質量部、ポリビニルアルコール(クラレ社製、PVA120、鹸化度:98.0~99.0、平均重合度:2000)2.6質量部を水66.6質量部と2-プロパノール7.4質量部の混合液に分散させた分散液を得た。得られた分散液を前記実施例1のポリオレフィン系樹脂製の積層多孔フィルムのコロナ処理面にグラビアコーターを用いて塗布した後、75℃で乾燥した。
得られた積層多孔フィルムの物性評価を行い、その結果を表1にまとめた。
アルミナ(住友化学社製、スミコランダムAA-03、平均粒径:0.3μm)36.0質量部、ポリビニルアルコール(クラレ社製、PVA120、鹸化度:98.0~99.0、平均重合度:2000)4.0質量部を60.0質量部の水に分散させた分散液を得た。得られた分散液を前記実施例1のポリオレフィン系樹脂製の積層多孔フィルムのコロナ処理面にグラビアコーターを用いて塗布した後、75℃で乾燥した。
得られた積層多孔フィルムの物性評価を行い、その結果を表1にまとめた。
実施例1で作製した実施例1のポリオレフィン系樹脂製の積層多孔フィルムのみからなり、耐熱層を設けていないフィルムの物性評価を行い、その結果を表1にまとめた。
A層として、ポリプロピレン系樹脂(プライムポリマー社製、プライムポリプロ F300SV、密度:0.90g/cm3、MFR:3.0g/10分)と、β晶核剤として、3,9-ビス[4-(N-シクロヘキシルカルバモイル)フェニル]-2,4,8,10-テトラオキサスピロ[5.5]ウンデカンを準備した。ポリプロピレン系樹脂100質量部に対して、β晶核剤を0.1質量部の割合で各原材料をブレンドし、東芝機械株式会社製の2軸押出機(口径:40mmφ、L/D:32)を用いて280℃にて水槽にてストランドを冷却固化し、ペレタイザーにてストランドをカットし、ポリプロピレン系樹脂組成物のペレットを作製した。ポリプロピレン系樹脂組成物のβ活性は80%であった。
前記積層膜状物を、縦延伸機を用いて縦方向に4.3倍延伸し、その後、横延伸機にて90℃で横方向に2.5倍延伸後、熱固定/弛緩処理を行った。
得られた積層多孔フィルムの表面に耐熱層を設けておらず、該多孔フィルムの物性評価を行い、その結果を表1にまとめた。
一方、比較例1、2より、F%の値が90%以下の場合、静摩擦係数が低く、ピン抜け性が良好であっても、透気度が高いため、セパレータ特性が発現しないことがわかる。また、比較例3より、耐熱層を設けないものは静摩擦係数が大きいため、ピン抜け性が良好でなかったことが示唆される。
2 ピン
3 鍔
5 回転ロール部
6 サンプル
7 重り
10 電池用セパレータ
20 二次電池
21 正極板
22 負極板
24 正極リード体
25 負極リード体
26 ガスケット
27 正極蓋
31 アルミ板
32 フィルム
33 クリップ
34 フィルム縦方向
35 フィルム横方向
Claims (9)
- ポリオレフィン系樹脂多孔フィルムの少なくとも片面に、フィラーと樹脂バインダとを含む耐熱層を積層しており、該耐熱層表面の静摩擦係数が0.45以下であり、透気度が2000秒/100ml以下であり、かつ長手方向の3%伸張時の引張弾性率が400~1000MPaであることを特徴とする積層多孔フィルム。
- 前記耐熱層において、前記フィラーと前記樹脂バインダとの総量に占めるフィラーの割合が92質量%以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の積層多孔フィルム。
- 135℃で5秒間加熱後の透気度が10000秒/100ml以上である請求項1または請求項2に記載の積層多孔フィルム。
- 150℃における収縮率が10%以下である請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の積層多孔フィルム。
- β活性を有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の積層多孔フィルム。
- 前記ポリオレフィン系樹脂多孔フィルムは、ポリプロピレン系樹脂多孔フィルムからなるA層の単層または、該A層でポリエチレン系樹脂多孔フィルムからなるB層を挟んだ2種3層の積層多孔フィルムからなり、
前記A層の単層またはA層とB層とを積層した前記ポリオレフィン系樹脂多孔フィルムの表面はコロナ処理面とされ、該コロナ処理面に前記耐熱層が積層されている請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の積層多孔フィルム。 - 厚さが5~100μm、空孔率は30%以上70%以下である請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の積層多孔フィルム。
- 請求項1乃至請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の積層多孔フィルムを用いた非水電解液電池用セパレータ。
- 請求項8に記載の非水電解液電池用セパレータを用いた非水電解液電池。
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/510,790 US20120231323A1 (en) | 2009-11-20 | 2010-11-22 | Laminated porous film, separator for battery, and battery |
| CN2010800515652A CN102712185A (zh) | 2009-11-20 | 2010-11-22 | 叠层多孔膜、电池用隔板及电池 |
| KR1020127015704A KR101392131B1 (ko) | 2009-11-20 | 2010-11-22 | 적층 다공 필름, 전지용 세퍼레이터 및 전지 |
| EP10831676.1A EP2502743A4 (en) | 2009-11-20 | 2010-11-22 | LAMINATED POROUS FILM, SEPARATOR FOR ONE BATTERY AND BATTERY |
| US14/445,633 US20150044541A1 (en) | 2009-11-20 | 2014-07-29 | Laminated porous film, separator for battery, and battery |
| US14/967,770 US20160099452A1 (en) | 2009-11-20 | 2015-12-14 | Laminated porous film, separator for battery, and battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009264589 | 2009-11-20 | ||
| JP2009-264589 | 2009-11-20 |
Related Child Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/510,790 A-371-Of-International US20120231323A1 (en) | 2009-11-20 | 2010-11-22 | Laminated porous film, separator for battery, and battery |
| US14/445,633 Continuation US20150044541A1 (en) | 2009-11-20 | 2014-07-29 | Laminated porous film, separator for battery, and battery |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2011062285A1 true WO2011062285A1 (ja) | 2011-05-26 |
Family
ID=44059756
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2010/070760 Ceased WO2011062285A1 (ja) | 2009-11-20 | 2010-11-22 | 積層多孔フィルム、電池用セパレータおよび電池 |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (3) | US20120231323A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP2502743A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5502707B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR101392131B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN102712185A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2011062285A1 (ja) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013069383A1 (ja) * | 2011-11-10 | 2013-05-16 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 耐熱絶縁層付セパレータ |
| WO2013080701A1 (ja) * | 2011-12-02 | 2013-06-06 | 三菱樹脂株式会社 | 積層多孔フィルムロール及びその製造方法 |
| WO2013080700A1 (ja) * | 2011-12-02 | 2013-06-06 | 三菱樹脂株式会社 | 積層多孔フィルムの製造方法 |
| JP2013116442A (ja) * | 2011-12-02 | 2013-06-13 | Mitsubishi Plastics Inc | 積層多孔フィルムの製造方法 |
| WO2013107911A1 (de) * | 2012-01-19 | 2013-07-25 | Sihl Gmbh | Separator umfassend eine poröse schicht und ein verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
| WO2014007260A1 (ja) * | 2012-07-04 | 2014-01-09 | 東レ株式会社 | 多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルム、蓄電デバイス用セパレータおよび蓄電デバイス |
| KR20150004322A (ko) * | 2012-04-13 | 2015-01-12 | 도레이 배터리 세퍼레이터 필름 주식회사 | 적층 다공질막, 전지용 세퍼레이터 및 전지 |
| CN108140781A (zh) * | 2015-10-20 | 2018-06-08 | 特里奥凡德国有限公司及两合公司 | 具有含颗粒多孔层和无机涂层的双轴取向多孔膜 |
| CN113574730A (zh) * | 2019-03-20 | 2021-10-29 | 帝人株式会社 | 非水系二次电池用隔膜及非水系二次电池 |
Families Citing this family (45)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011194650A (ja) * | 2010-03-18 | 2011-10-06 | Mitsubishi Plastics Inc | ポリオレフィン樹脂多孔性フィルム、および電池用セパレータ |
| CN103687675B (zh) * | 2011-07-28 | 2015-11-25 | 住友化学株式会社 | 层叠多孔质薄膜的制造方法 |
| JP5940258B2 (ja) * | 2011-08-03 | 2016-06-29 | 帝人株式会社 | 非水電解質電池用セパレータ及び非水電解質電池 |
| JP5507766B2 (ja) * | 2011-09-22 | 2014-05-28 | 三菱樹脂株式会社 | 積層多孔フィルムの製造方法 |
| JP6089581B2 (ja) * | 2011-11-01 | 2017-03-08 | 東レ株式会社 | 多孔性ポリオレフィンフィルム、積層多孔性フィルムおよび蓄電デバイス |
| JP6249589B2 (ja) * | 2011-11-11 | 2017-12-20 | 宇部興産株式会社 | 電池用セパレータ |
| KR101979053B1 (ko) * | 2012-01-19 | 2019-05-15 | 가부시키가이샤 무라타 세이사쿠쇼 | 세퍼레이터, 비수 전해질 전지, 전지 팩, 전자 기기, 전동 차량, 축전 장치 및 전력 시스템 |
| WO2013146342A1 (ja) | 2012-03-26 | 2013-10-03 | 三菱樹脂株式会社 | 積層多孔フィルム、非水電解液二次電池用セパレータ、及び非水電解液二次電池 |
| CN104285318B (zh) * | 2012-04-12 | 2017-04-19 | 株式会社丰田自动织机 | 电流切断装置以及使用电流切断装置的蓄电装置 |
| KR20230112733A (ko) | 2012-09-20 | 2023-07-27 | 셀가드 엘엘씨 | 박형 배터리 분리막 및 방법 |
| JP6027401B2 (ja) * | 2012-11-06 | 2016-11-16 | 三菱樹脂株式会社 | 塗工液、積層多孔フィルム、非水電解液二次電池用セパレータ、及び非水電解液二次電池 |
| JP6103921B2 (ja) * | 2012-12-25 | 2017-03-29 | 三菱樹脂株式会社 | 積層多孔性フィルム、電池用セパレータ、および電池 |
| WO2014136837A1 (ja) * | 2013-03-06 | 2014-09-12 | 帝人株式会社 | 非水系二次電池用セパレータおよび非水系二次電池 |
| KR102209823B1 (ko) * | 2013-04-16 | 2021-01-29 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 세퍼레이터 및 이를 채용한 리튬전지 |
| WO2014176217A1 (en) * | 2013-04-23 | 2014-10-30 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Battery binder |
| US20150162586A1 (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2015-06-11 | Sion Power Corporation | New separator |
| EP3085531B1 (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2018-05-02 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Polyolefin multilayer microporous membrane and battery separator |
| KR101693213B1 (ko) * | 2014-08-08 | 2017-01-17 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 세퍼레이터 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
| KR101972801B1 (ko) * | 2014-08-08 | 2019-04-26 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 세퍼레이터 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
| KR101978373B1 (ko) * | 2014-08-13 | 2019-05-14 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 세퍼레이터 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
| WO2016021987A1 (ko) * | 2014-08-08 | 2016-02-11 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 세퍼레이터 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
| JP2016060061A (ja) * | 2014-09-16 | 2016-04-25 | 旭化成イーマテリアルズ株式会社 | 積層微多孔フィルム及びその製造方法、並びに電池用セパレータ |
| WO2016061030A1 (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2016-04-21 | Research Foundation Of The City University Of New York | Mixed material cathode for secondary alkaline batteries |
| CN104979515B (zh) * | 2015-07-29 | 2017-05-10 | 沧州明珠隔膜科技有限公司 | 一种芳纶聚合体涂覆的锂离子电池隔膜及其制备方法 |
| US11152615B2 (en) | 2015-10-29 | 2021-10-19 | Research Foundation Of The City University Of New York | Electrode designs for high energy density, efficiency, and capacity in rechargeable alkaline batteries |
| JP6014743B1 (ja) | 2015-11-30 | 2016-10-25 | 住友化学株式会社 | 非水電解液二次電池用セパレータおよびその利用 |
| US20190044129A1 (en) * | 2016-02-02 | 2019-02-07 | Research Foundation Of The City University Of New York | Rechargeable Alkaline Manganese Dioxide-Zinc Bipolar Batteries |
| CN107452919B (zh) * | 2016-06-01 | 2020-08-28 | 上海恩捷新材料科技有限公司 | 一种高浸润性隔离膜及其制备方法和用途 |
| CN109075296B (zh) | 2016-07-25 | 2021-03-12 | 东丽株式会社 | 电池用隔膜 |
| CN109565071A (zh) * | 2016-08-05 | 2019-04-02 | Nec能源元器件株式会社 | 电池和电池模块 |
| KR102640205B1 (ko) * | 2016-09-30 | 2024-02-23 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 원통형 금속-공기 전지 |
| PL3528329T3 (pl) | 2016-10-13 | 2022-01-10 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science And Technology | Litowo-jonowa bateria akumulatorowa i urządzenie elektryczne ją wykorzystujące |
| JP6543291B2 (ja) * | 2017-03-03 | 2019-07-10 | 住友化学株式会社 | 非水電解液二次電池用セパレータ |
| US20190123378A1 (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2019-04-25 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery porous layer |
| US11472165B2 (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2022-10-18 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Plate-like composite material |
| JP7217870B2 (ja) * | 2018-10-16 | 2023-02-06 | 株式会社レゾナック・パッケージング | 蓄電デバイス用外装ケース |
| JP7344644B2 (ja) * | 2019-01-28 | 2023-09-14 | 旭化成株式会社 | ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を備える多層多孔膜 |
| KR20220005454A (ko) * | 2019-04-19 | 2022-01-13 | 닛토덴코 가부시키가이샤 | 판형 복합 재료 |
| CN110911774A (zh) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-03-24 | 天津市捷威动力工业有限公司 | 一种降低锂离子电池包内氧含量的吸附粉体、复合支撑基底及电池 |
| CN112595605B (zh) * | 2020-11-20 | 2023-08-08 | 浙江省医疗器械检验研究院 | 油浴环境下材料拉伸试验机 |
| EP4333153A4 (en) | 2021-04-26 | 2025-06-18 | Panasonic Energy Co., Ltd. | SECONDARY BATTERY WITH NON-AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE |
| KR20250004818A (ko) * | 2022-05-27 | 2025-01-08 | 아사히 가세이 배터리 세퍼레이터 가부시키가이샤 | 축전 디바이스용 세퍼레이터 및 이것을 포함하는 축전 디바이스 |
| JP2023174383A (ja) * | 2022-05-27 | 2023-12-07 | 旭化成株式会社 | 蓄電デバイス用セパレータ及びこれを含む蓄電デバイス |
| KR20250006152A (ko) * | 2022-05-27 | 2025-01-10 | 아사히 가세이 배터리 세퍼레이터 가부시키가이샤 | 축전 디바이스용 세퍼레이터 및 이것을 포함하는 축전 디바이스 |
| EP4564577A4 (en) | 2022-07-27 | 2025-10-08 | Panasonic Energy Co Ltd | NON-AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE SECONDARY BATTERY |
Citations (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04181651A (ja) | 1990-11-14 | 1992-06-29 | Nitto Denko Corp | 電池用セパレータの製造法 |
| JPH06289566A (ja) | 1993-03-30 | 1994-10-18 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 感光材料処理装置 |
| JPH09194650A (ja) | 1996-01-23 | 1997-07-29 | Chisso Corp | 結晶性プロピレン重合体組成物 |
| JPH10316781A (ja) * | 1997-05-20 | 1998-12-02 | Nitto Denko Corp | 多孔質膜及びその製造方法 |
| JPH11115084A (ja) * | 1997-10-14 | 1999-04-27 | Ube Ind Ltd | 積層多孔質フイルム |
| JP2000223107A (ja) | 1998-11-26 | 2000-08-11 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | 非水電解液二次電池用セパレ―タ |
| JP2002151044A (ja) * | 2000-08-30 | 2002-05-24 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | 非水電解液二次電池用セパレータおよび非水電解液二次電池 |
| JP2003306585A (ja) | 2002-04-15 | 2003-10-31 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | 樹脂−層状珪酸塩複合材料及びその製造方法 |
| JP2004227972A (ja) | 2003-01-24 | 2004-08-12 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | 非水電解液二次電池用セパレータ |
| JP3739481B2 (ja) | 1995-05-17 | 2006-01-25 | 昭和電工株式会社 | ポリプロピレン系樹脂材料及びその製造方法 |
| JP3756815B2 (ja) | 1999-06-22 | 2006-03-15 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 電池用セパレータ及び電池 |
| WO2008149986A1 (ja) * | 2007-06-06 | 2008-12-11 | Asahi Kasei E-Materials Corporation | 多層多孔膜 |
| JP2008311220A (ja) * | 2007-05-11 | 2008-12-25 | Mitsubishi Plastics Inc | 積層多孔性フィルム、電池用セパレータおよび電池 |
| JP2009026733A (ja) | 2007-01-30 | 2009-02-05 | Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corp | 多層多孔膜及びその製造方法 |
| JP2009070726A (ja) | 2007-09-14 | 2009-04-02 | Teijin Ltd | 非水電解質電池の製造方法 |
| JP2009114434A (ja) | 2007-10-15 | 2009-05-28 | Toray Ind Inc | 多孔性フィルム |
Family Cites Families (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5491188A (en) * | 1993-05-20 | 1996-02-13 | New Japan Chemical Co., Ltd. | Porous stretched article of polypropylene-based resin and process for its preparation |
| AT404252B (de) * | 1994-05-13 | 1998-10-27 | Danubia Petrochem Polymere | Verfahren zur erhöhung des anteiles der beta-modifikation in polypropylen |
| US5952120A (en) * | 1997-04-15 | 1999-09-14 | Celgard Llc | Method of making a trilayer battery separator |
| JPH11198317A (ja) * | 1998-01-19 | 1999-07-27 | Hagiwara Kogyo Kk | 防炎性工事用シート |
| US6391069B1 (en) * | 2000-03-29 | 2002-05-21 | Valence Technology (Nevada), Inc. | Method of making bonded-electrode rechargeable electrochemical cells |
| TW595035B (en) * | 2000-08-30 | 2004-06-21 | Sumitomo Chemical Co | Separator for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
| KR100643106B1 (ko) * | 2003-03-24 | 2006-11-13 | 아사히 가세이 케미칼즈 가부시키가이샤 | 폴리에틸렌 미다공막 |
| JP4761966B2 (ja) * | 2003-09-25 | 2011-08-31 | ダイセル化学工業株式会社 | 耐薬品性を有する多孔性フィルム |
| JP4876387B2 (ja) * | 2003-11-05 | 2012-02-15 | 東レ株式会社 | 二軸配向微多孔フィルムおよびその製造方法 |
| JP4707334B2 (ja) * | 2004-05-31 | 2011-06-22 | 三菱樹脂株式会社 | 多孔性フィルム、非水電解質電池用セパレーターおよび非水電解質電池 |
| CA2625083C (en) * | 2005-10-18 | 2013-06-18 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Microporous film for electric storage device separator and electric storage device separator using the same |
| WO2007046473A1 (ja) * | 2005-10-19 | 2007-04-26 | Tonen Chemical Corporation | ポリオレフィン多層微多孔膜の製造方法 |
| US20070264578A1 (en) * | 2006-05-15 | 2007-11-15 | Tonen Chemical Corporation | Microporous polyolefin membrane, its production method and battery separator |
| US7569630B2 (en) * | 2006-06-14 | 2009-08-04 | Chemtura Corporation | β-Crystalline polypropylenes |
| WO2008062727A1 (en) * | 2006-11-20 | 2008-05-29 | Teijin Limited | Separator for nonaqueous secondary battery, process for producing the same, and nonaqueous secondary battery |
| JP4753446B2 (ja) * | 2007-01-30 | 2011-08-24 | 旭化成イーマテリアルズ株式会社 | ポリオレフィン製微多孔膜 |
| JP2008186721A (ja) * | 2007-01-30 | 2008-08-14 | Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corp | 高耐熱性と高透過性を兼ね備えた多孔膜およびその製法 |
| WO2008143005A1 (ja) * | 2007-05-10 | 2008-11-27 | Hitachi Maxell, Ltd. | 電気化学素子およびその製造方法 |
| JP2009143060A (ja) * | 2007-12-12 | 2009-07-02 | Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corp | 多層多孔膜 |
| JP5334281B2 (ja) * | 2008-02-20 | 2013-11-06 | 日立マクセル株式会社 | リチウム二次電池 |
| JP5245483B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-24 | 2013-07-24 | 東レ株式会社 | ポリプロピレン多孔性フィルム、その製造方法、および蓄電デバイス |
-
2010
- 2010-11-19 JP JP2010259098A patent/JP5502707B2/ja active Active
- 2010-11-22 CN CN2010800515652A patent/CN102712185A/zh active Pending
- 2010-11-22 WO PCT/JP2010/070760 patent/WO2011062285A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2010-11-22 US US13/510,790 patent/US20120231323A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-11-22 KR KR1020127015704A patent/KR101392131B1/ko active Active
- 2010-11-22 EP EP10831676.1A patent/EP2502743A4/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2014
- 2014-07-29 US US14/445,633 patent/US20150044541A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2015
- 2015-12-14 US US14/967,770 patent/US20160099452A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04181651A (ja) | 1990-11-14 | 1992-06-29 | Nitto Denko Corp | 電池用セパレータの製造法 |
| JPH06289566A (ja) | 1993-03-30 | 1994-10-18 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 感光材料処理装置 |
| JP3739481B2 (ja) | 1995-05-17 | 2006-01-25 | 昭和電工株式会社 | ポリプロピレン系樹脂材料及びその製造方法 |
| JPH09194650A (ja) | 1996-01-23 | 1997-07-29 | Chisso Corp | 結晶性プロピレン重合体組成物 |
| JPH10316781A (ja) * | 1997-05-20 | 1998-12-02 | Nitto Denko Corp | 多孔質膜及びその製造方法 |
| JPH11115084A (ja) * | 1997-10-14 | 1999-04-27 | Ube Ind Ltd | 積層多孔質フイルム |
| JP2000223107A (ja) | 1998-11-26 | 2000-08-11 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | 非水電解液二次電池用セパレ―タ |
| JP3756815B2 (ja) | 1999-06-22 | 2006-03-15 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 電池用セパレータ及び電池 |
| JP2002151044A (ja) * | 2000-08-30 | 2002-05-24 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | 非水電解液二次電池用セパレータおよび非水電解液二次電池 |
| JP2003306585A (ja) | 2002-04-15 | 2003-10-31 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | 樹脂−層状珪酸塩複合材料及びその製造方法 |
| JP2004227972A (ja) | 2003-01-24 | 2004-08-12 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | 非水電解液二次電池用セパレータ |
| JP2009026733A (ja) | 2007-01-30 | 2009-02-05 | Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corp | 多層多孔膜及びその製造方法 |
| JP2008311220A (ja) * | 2007-05-11 | 2008-12-25 | Mitsubishi Plastics Inc | 積層多孔性フィルム、電池用セパレータおよび電池 |
| WO2008149986A1 (ja) * | 2007-06-06 | 2008-12-11 | Asahi Kasei E-Materials Corporation | 多層多孔膜 |
| JP2009070726A (ja) | 2007-09-14 | 2009-04-02 | Teijin Ltd | 非水電解質電池の製造方法 |
| JP2009114434A (ja) | 2007-10-15 | 2009-05-28 | Toray Ind Inc | 多孔性フィルム |
Non-Patent Citations (6)
| Title |
|---|
| A. ZAMBELLI ET AL., MARCOMOLECULES, vol. 8, 1975, pages 687 |
| MACROMOL. CHEM., vol. 187, 1986, pages 643 - 652 |
| MACROMOL. CHEM., vol. 75, 1964, pages 134 |
| MACROMOL. SYMP., vol. 89, 1995, pages 499 - 511 |
| PROG. POLYM. SCI., vol. 16, 1991, pages 361 - 404 |
| See also references of EP2502743A4 |
Cited By (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013069383A1 (ja) * | 2011-11-10 | 2013-05-16 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 耐熱絶縁層付セパレータ |
| JPWO2013080701A1 (ja) * | 2011-12-02 | 2015-04-27 | 三菱樹脂株式会社 | 積層多孔フィルムロール及びその製造方法 |
| WO2013080701A1 (ja) * | 2011-12-02 | 2013-06-06 | 三菱樹脂株式会社 | 積層多孔フィルムロール及びその製造方法 |
| WO2013080700A1 (ja) * | 2011-12-02 | 2013-06-06 | 三菱樹脂株式会社 | 積層多孔フィルムの製造方法 |
| JP2013116442A (ja) * | 2011-12-02 | 2013-06-13 | Mitsubishi Plastics Inc | 積層多孔フィルムの製造方法 |
| JP5265052B1 (ja) * | 2011-12-02 | 2013-08-14 | 三菱樹脂株式会社 | 積層多孔フィルムの製造方法 |
| WO2013107911A1 (de) * | 2012-01-19 | 2013-07-25 | Sihl Gmbh | Separator umfassend eine poröse schicht und ein verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
| CN104115306B (zh) * | 2012-01-19 | 2018-06-26 | Sihl股份有限公司 | 包含多孔层的分离器和制作所述分离器的方法 |
| CN104115306A (zh) * | 2012-01-19 | 2014-10-22 | Sihl股份有限公司 | 包含多孔层的分离器和制作所述分离器的方法 |
| US9997755B2 (en) | 2012-01-19 | 2018-06-12 | Sihl Gmbh | Separator comprising a porous layer and method for producing said separator |
| JP2017201622A (ja) * | 2012-04-13 | 2017-11-09 | 東レ株式会社 | 積層多孔質膜、電池用セパレーター及び電池 |
| EP2837496A4 (en) * | 2012-04-13 | 2016-01-06 | Toray Battery Separator Film | MULTILAYER POROUS FILM, ELECTRIC CELL SAVOR AND CELL CURRENT |
| KR20150004322A (ko) * | 2012-04-13 | 2015-01-12 | 도레이 배터리 세퍼레이터 필름 주식회사 | 적층 다공질막, 전지용 세퍼레이터 및 전지 |
| KR102044716B1 (ko) * | 2012-04-13 | 2019-11-14 | 도레이 카부시키가이샤 | 적층 다공질막, 전지용 세퍼레이터 및 전지 |
| JP5626486B2 (ja) * | 2012-07-04 | 2014-11-19 | 東レ株式会社 | 多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルム、蓄電デバイス用セパレータおよび蓄電デバイス |
| WO2014007260A1 (ja) * | 2012-07-04 | 2014-01-09 | 東レ株式会社 | 多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルム、蓄電デバイス用セパレータおよび蓄電デバイス |
| CN108140781A (zh) * | 2015-10-20 | 2018-06-08 | 特里奥凡德国有限公司及两合公司 | 具有含颗粒多孔层和无机涂层的双轴取向多孔膜 |
| CN113574730A (zh) * | 2019-03-20 | 2021-10-29 | 帝人株式会社 | 非水系二次电池用隔膜及非水系二次电池 |
| CN113574730B (zh) * | 2019-03-20 | 2023-06-02 | 帝人株式会社 | 非水系二次电池用隔膜及非水系二次电池 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2011126275A (ja) | 2011-06-30 |
| JP5502707B2 (ja) | 2014-05-28 |
| KR20120083532A (ko) | 2012-07-25 |
| US20160099452A1 (en) | 2016-04-07 |
| CN102712185A (zh) | 2012-10-03 |
| KR101392131B1 (ko) | 2014-05-07 |
| EP2502743A1 (en) | 2012-09-26 |
| US20120231323A1 (en) | 2012-09-13 |
| EP2502743A4 (en) | 2014-05-07 |
| US20150044541A1 (en) | 2015-02-12 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP5502707B2 (ja) | 積層多孔フィルム、電池用セパレータおよび電池 | |
| JP5676577B2 (ja) | 積層多孔フィルム、非水電解液二次電池用セパレータ、および非水電解液二次電池 | |
| JP5419817B2 (ja) | 積層多孔フィルム、非水電解液二次電池用セパレータ、および非水電解液二次電池 | |
| JP5298247B2 (ja) | 積層多孔フィルム、電池用セパレータおよび電池 | |
| JP5697328B2 (ja) | 積層多孔フィルム、電池用セパレータ、および電池 | |
| JP5690832B2 (ja) | 積層多孔フィルム、非水電解液二次電池用セパレータ、および非水電解液二次電池 | |
| JP5778657B2 (ja) | ポリプロピレン系樹脂多孔フィルム、電池用セパレータおよび電池 | |
| JP5265052B1 (ja) | 積層多孔フィルムの製造方法 | |
| JP5685039B2 (ja) | 積層多孔フィルム、非水電解液二次電池用セパレータ、および非水電解液二次電池 | |
| JP4734397B2 (ja) | 積層多孔性フィルム、それを利用したリチウムイオン電池用セパレータ、および電池 | |
| JP5507766B2 (ja) | 積層多孔フィルムの製造方法 | |
| JP2014012391A (ja) | 積層多孔フィルムロール及びその製造方法 | |
| WO2014002701A1 (ja) | 積層多孔フィルム、非水電解液二次電池用セパレータ、及び非水電解液二次電池 | |
| JP5976305B2 (ja) | 積層多孔フィルムの製造方法 | |
| JP5848193B2 (ja) | 積層多孔フィルム、非水電解液二次電池用セパレータ、及び非水電解液二次電池 | |
| JP2013116442A (ja) | 積層多孔フィルムの製造方法 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 201080051565.2 Country of ref document: CN |
|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 10831676 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 13510790 Country of ref document: US |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
| REEP | Request for entry into the european phase |
Ref document number: 2010831676 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2010831676 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20127015704 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
