Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
  • E04B1/64—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor for making damp-proof; Protection against corrosion
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
  • E04B1/625—Sheets or foils allowing passage of water vapor but impervious to liquid water; house wraps
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
  • E04D12/00—Non-structural supports for roofing materials, e.g. battens, boards
  • E04D12/002—Sheets of flexible material, e.g. roofing tile underlay
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
  • E04B1/64—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor for making damp-proof; Protection against corrosion
  • E04B1/644—Damp-proof courses
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
  • E04B1/66—Sealings
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
  • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
  • E04D13/16—Insulating devices or arrangements in so far as the roof covering is concerned, e.g. characterised by the material or composition of the roof insulating material or its integration in the roof structure

Definitions

• Moisture adaptive vapor barrier in particular for use for thermal insulation of buildings, and method for producing such a vapor barrier
• the invention relates to a moisture-adaptive vapor barrier according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a manufacturing method for such a vapor barrier.
• Moisture-adaptive vapor brakes are characterized in that the water vapor diffusion resistance of the vapor barrier changes as a function of the humidity, specifically in such a way that the water vapor diffusion resistance decreases as the moisture surrounding the vapor barrier increases.
• the water vapor diffusion resistance is usually measured according to DIN EN ISO 12572: 2001.
• Such vapor barriers are primarily used for the development of the airtightness of buildings and they are used primarily in connection with thermal insulation systems for buildings.
• thermal insulation of buildings especially roofs diffusion-open underlays are usually below the roof formed approximately by bricks, including a thermal barrier coating, such as mineral wool, finally a vapor barrier and including a cladding used.
• the use of a vapor barrier primarily pursues two intentions.
• the airtightness of the roof is to be ensured in order to prevent the ingress of cold outside air into the building interior as well as the escape of warm room air from the building, whereby thermal energy losses as well as building damaging, convective moisture inputs are avoidable.
• the vapor barrier should have a certain barrier effect against water vapor diffusion in order to avoid unwanted moisture entry into the building structure.
• moisture-adaptive vapor barriers which are usually present as a film
• moisture penetration in the winter is prevented as a result of the moisture-adaptive characteristics of such a film by under winter conditions and therefore dry moisture conditions
• the vapor barrier largely closes. If at higher heat radiation in the summer and thus under wetter conditions compared to winter conditions moisture from the timber construction, for example, a roof, the vapor barrier film responds as a result of the comparatively high humidity surrounding the vapor barrier in which it opens as it were due to reduction of water vapor diffusion resistance, so that a corresponding dehydration is guaranteed.
• Polyamide is frequently used as the material for moisture-adaptive vapor barrier films (cf. DE 195 14 420 C 1).
• the water vapor diffusion resistance decreases with increasing mean ambient humidity.
• the moisture-adaptive properties of this known film-like vapor barrier are adjusted so that they at a mean humidity of the atmosphere surrounding the vapor barrier of 30 to 50%, a water vapor diffusion resistance (Sd value) of 2-5m diffusion-equivalent air layer thickness and at a humidity of the environment Range of 60-80% has a water vapor diffusion resistance (s - value), which is smaller than I m.
• the water vapor diffusion resistance plotted against the mean or relative humidity in the manner of an S-curve with incoming S-leg, changes from higher water vapor diffusion resistance values at lower humidity in the direction of expiring S-legs with reduced diffusion resistance values higher, the moisture barrier surrounding the vapor barrier.
• D indicates the thickness of the vapor barrier
• ⁇ represents a material-dependent parameter of the vapor barrier.
• the known vapor barrier films have proven suitable for normal conditions, these are, in particular, dry environmental conditions, as generally known in the art Offices prevail, as well as under normal humidity conditions, as prevail especially in residential buildings, however, the behavior of the known vapor barrier films under increased moisture load, especially under colder weather conditions quite problematic.
• An increased moisture load is especially in rooms, such as commercial kitchens, canteens and the like, but also in living and office space, in which a lot of plants and / or aquariums and the like are housed.
• An increased moisture load is especially in new buildings and in the renovation of old buildings due to mortar or screed.
• the object of the invention is to propose a vapor barrier and a manufacturing method for such a vapor barrier, which takes into account the previously described conditions, in particular in the cold season, i. at high humidity load a critical discharge of moisture by the vapor barrier film substantially prevented.
• Vapor barrier in that it is formed from a material which has a three-part moisture profile, namely from an average relative humidity of 75%, preferably 70% and above an Sd value less than 1 m, preferably less than 0.8 m diffusion-equivalent air layer thickness, then with decreasing average humidity in a range of 45 to 58%, preferably in a range of 40 to 58% has a substantially plateau-like or approximately plateau-like course of the Sd value, with a lower Sd value of 2 m over this range and an upper Sd value of 5 m is not exceeded and the difference between the lower and the upper actual Sd value does not exceed 1 m in this range.
• the vapor barrier has an Sd value which is at least 0.5 m above the upper actual Sd value in the plateau-like middle region.
• the vapor barrier film from the viewpoint of building physics imperative small barrier effect in the range of high average humidity greater than 75%, in particular 75%, i. a high dehydration behavior in summer.
• the Dampfbremsfo- lie in particular meets the criterion that at high moisture loads in rooms, as they occur especially in commercial kitchens, canteens and the like or construction work in cold seasons, although a certain discharge of moisture allows, but nevertheless the discharge of moisture conventional
• the curve of the Sd value over the humidity in the range of 45 to 58%, preferably from 40 to 58% has a substantially plateau-like course, ie the change in the Sd value in this area is increased over a longer period Moisture load certain time kept low, so that on the one hand a certain desired barrier effect of the vapor barrier film is maintained and nevertheless with excessive moisture entry a certain Hindiffdiffundieren of moisture is possible, but without a critical moisture removal is achieved, as is the case with conventional vapor barrier films at such moisture loads would.
• the curve shape is preferably in the form of a double S curve, the outgoing region of the S Curve in the dry area coincides with the incoming value of the S-curve for the wet area and in the range of a humidity of 45 to 58% or 40 to 58% of the curve almost constant or substantially plateau-like, ie only with a small change in the Sa values.
• the course of the curve within the essentially plateau-like region changes by a sa difference value corresponding to the difference of the Sd value of the curve when entering the humidity of 45% compared to the Sd value during extension of the curve a moisture content of 58% by a maximum of 0.6 m, preferably a maximum of 0.4 m diffusion-equivalent air layer thickness. That is, the vapor barrier film changes its Sd value within this range only gradually, so that a corresponding holding phase is achieved in which the vapor barrier film still largely blocks, but allows a certain moisture discharge within the parameters already mentioned above.
• the plateau-like profile of the curve of the Sd values above the moisture is preferably within a range of 3 to 5 m diffusion-equivalent air layer thickness.
• the material determining the moisture adaptivity of the vapor barrier is present in a single layer or layer, which in particular is formed entirely from this material, in contrast to conventional vapor barrier films, in which the moisture adaptivity is determined by a plurality of superimposed layers of a vapor barrier film.
• the plateau-like curve of the Sd values or the holding phase described with only a slight change in the Sd values in the humidity range of 45 to 58% or 40 to 58% is achieved by adding an additive to the base material of the vapor barrier, the admixture 10 to 20%, preferably 1 5 to 20%, (weight percent) compared to the remaining material of the vapor barrier film is.
• the base material of the damping brake film is preferably polyamide, wherein as a preferred additive modified polyolefins, in particular a grafted Polyethylencopo- lymer is used.
• Such grafted polyethylene copolymers are offered by various manufacturers. The types marketed under the brand names Bynel® by Du Pont have proven particularly suitable.
• Another preferred additive is polyethylenepolyacrylic acid copolymers, which are also offered by various manufacturers. The types marketed under the brand names Surlyn® by Du Pont have proven particularly suitable.
• the layer responsible for the moisture acceptability of the vapor barrier film is characterized by a homogeneous layer structure, which is largely due to a chemical mixing of a compound from the present in granular form polyamide and the also present in granular form additive by melting the granules, said melt of polyamide and additive granules are formed, from which then the vapor barrier film is extruded or produced by a blowing process. It is expedient here for the additive to be present in the form of nanoparticles within the starting granulate of the additive.
• vapor barrier films with this described moisture acceptability in a thickness range of, in particular, from 40 to 80 ⁇ m, preferably se 50 to 70 ⁇ produce.
• this single-layer vapor barrier film as far as the moisture-adaptive character is concerned, is supplemented by further suitable layers, which are provided either to reinforce the film or to influence other properties of the vapor barrier film, depending on the application.
• a suitable method for producing such a vapor barrier film is characterized in that starting from granules of polyamide and an additive present in granular form, in particular polyethylene, a compound is formed by mixing. This compound from granular raw materials is melted in a suitable mixing ratio in an extruder, optionally with the addition of other auxiliaries such as homogenizing agents, with the aim to create a homogeneous melt of the above-mentioned starting materials. From the homogeneous melt a mixed granulate is produced. This mixed granulate is further processed in an independent process step in an extrusion process or a blown process into a single-layer vapor barrier film or monofilm according to the invention.
• a vapor barrier film produced in this way is characterized by a substantially homogeneous structure.
• the starting materials can also be further processed directly in a suitable extruder and into a corresponding monofilm.
• the alternative method is preferred because of the unnecessary precompounding from an economic point of view, the required homogenization of the melt is difficult to ensure in the production reality to the desired extent.
• the monofilm produced by this process can be provided in known Kaschier psychologist with other layers, in particular to improve their mechanical properties. These additional layers preferably have no effect on the inventive moisture-adaptive character of the film, which is determined by the monofilm.
• the mixing ratio of polyamide and additive is adjusted with a view to the desired adaptive humidity characteristic. It has been found in practical experiments that, depending on the individual additive added to a polyamide base, an admixture of the additive to polyamide base in the amount of 7 to 25% is advantageous both for the achievement of the desired adaptive moisture characteristics according to the invention as well in terms of manufacturability of the film.
• an admixture of the additive in the range of 10 to 20%, in particular 14 to 1 8%, with very good results were achieved with an admixture in the range of 1 5 to 1 8%.
• the upper limits of the admixture of the additive are due to the substance in the range of about 20 to 25% by weight, with L ickddling on the manufacturability of the film according to the invention, a limit of 25% by weight should not be exceeded and the manufacturability of the film is better the more the upper range limit shifts downwards towards 20% and below.
• the curves K l, K2, K3 and K4 show four vapor barrier films, each one-ply and polyamide here with the additive Bynel® 41 57 with 20% by weight, and a thickness of 40 ⁇ (K l: 40 ⁇ / 20% / ⁇ ), an aggregate content of 1 5% by weight Bynel at a layer thickness of 70 ⁇ (K2: 70 ⁇ / 1 5% / ⁇ ), an aggregate content of 18% by weight Surlyn® 1605 at a layer thickness of 60 ⁇ (K3: 60 ⁇ / 1 8% 8) or here with the additive EVOH Type H 17 1 B (manufacturer EVAL Europe) of 1 5% by weight at a layer thickness of 50 ⁇ (K4: 50 ⁇ / 1 5% / ⁇ 0 ⁇ ) exist.
• the upper limits for Bynel 41 57 were about 22% by weight, for Surlyn 1 605 about 20% by weight and for EVOH Type H l 71 B about 20%
• the humidity adaptivity of the vapor barrier is defined by three areas, each of which determines a rectangular frame. From a humidity of 75%, a rectangular area I with Sd values smaller than 1 m diffusion-equivalent air layer thickness is clamped. In the humidity range of 45 to 58%, Sa values in the range from 2 to about 4.3 m diffusion-equivalent air layer thickness are given, resulting in a spanned rectangle for the region 11, within which a second rectangle is spanned, which is the difference of at most I m diffusion-equivalent air layer thickness between the lower actual value and the upper actual value in area II takes into account.
• the Sd values of the vapor barrier film are in a Sd value range whose lower limit is at least 0.5 m above the upper actual value in the region II, whereby an upwardly hatched hatched Rectangular region III spanned becomes.
• the moisture profile of the curve K is spanned by measuring points distributed over the abscissa, the measurement being carried out in accordance with DIN EN ISO 12572: 2001. It has been found in test series that a precise determination of a single measuring point in the area of the envelope, i. In a steeper curve in known wet-adaptive vapor brakes with a single S-curve curve at medium humidities of about 35 to 65%, only a small gradient should be set between the adjacent to the two sides of the vapor barrier moisture, from which the mean humidity is determined by averaging. Too large gradients lead to falsifications of the measured values, which are reflected in too low Sd values. As usual, a moisture is given by a salt or water, the other side by the setting of a controllable climate chamber.
• Table 1 summarizes the humidity settings and the measured values for the exemplary embodiments K 1, K 2, K 3 and K 4. Table 1: Humidity conditions for Sd value measurement and Sd values in m
• the parameters A 1 / A2 stand for the spreading of the two individual S curves between minimum and maximum ordinate value, B 1 / B2 indicate the spread of the envelope region, i. the steepness of the S-curve, C 1 / C2 define the position of the inflection point of the S-curves, D the lower limit value.
• This equation system is not closed solvable. Usually it is calculated using an iterative procedure starting from suitable starting values.
• the course of the curve K can of course be influenced by the layer thickness and a corresponding admixture of the additive, wherein, as already stated above, preferably Bynel®, e.g. Bynel® 41 57, or Surlyn®, e.g. Surlyn® 1605, or EVOH, e.g. H 1 7 1 B is used.
• Bynel® e.g. Bynel® 41 57
• Surlyn® e.g. Surlyn® 1605
• EVOH e.g. H 1 7 1 B
• the vapor barrier films K l and K2 were produced from a granulate mixture of polyamide with about 1 5% or 20% Bynel® 41 57, wherein this granule mixture is melted and from the melt again a granulate of a mixture of polyamide and Bynel® 41 57 is formed , From this granulate then a vapor barrier film with a thickness of 70 ⁇ or 40 ⁇ was prepared by conventional extrusion in an extruder. The preparation of the vapor barrier film K3 was carried out in an analogous manner with the addition of 1 8% Surlyn® 1605. A product thickness of 60 ⁇ m was produced. The vapor barrier film K4 was prepared via a mixture of polyamide with the addition of 1 5% EVOH H 171 B in an extruder with attached slot die. It was produced a product thickness of 50 ⁇ .
• a polyamide 6 was used, namely the type B40L (manufacturer BASF).

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
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• 2010
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