WO2011071993A2 - Commutation en mode transition pour onduleur - Google Patents

Commutation en mode transition pour onduleur Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2011071993A2
WO2011071993A2 PCT/US2010/059423 US2010059423W WO2011071993A2 WO 2011071993 A2 WO2011071993 A2 WO 2011071993A2 US 2010059423 W US2010059423 W US 2010059423W WO 2011071993 A2 WO2011071993 A2 WO 2011071993A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
switching
switching component
leg
inductor
component
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2010/059423
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2011071993A3 (fr
Inventor
Sivakumar Thangavelu
Afroz M. Imam
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Osram Sylvania Inc
Original Assignee
Osram Sylvania Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Osram Sylvania Inc filed Critical Osram Sylvania Inc
Priority to CN201080055861XA priority Critical patent/CN102656951A/zh
Priority to EP10836597.4A priority patent/EP2510756A4/fr
Priority to CA2779911A priority patent/CA2779911A1/fr
Priority to JP2012543234A priority patent/JP2013513357A/ja
Publication of WO2011071993A2 publication Critical patent/WO2011071993A2/fr
Publication of WO2011071993A3 publication Critical patent/WO2011071993A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from DC by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage DC
    • H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from DC by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage DC using static converters
    • H05B41/288—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from DC by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage DC using static converters with semiconductor devices and specially adapted for lamps without preheating electrodes, e.g. for high-intensity discharge lamps, high-pressure mercury or sodium lamps or low-pressure sodium lamps
    • H05B41/2885—Static converters especially adapted therefor; Control thereof
    • H05B41/2887—Static converters especially adapted therefor; Control thereof characterised by a controllable bridge in the final stage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to electronics, and more specifically, to electronic ballasts for light sources.
  • a ballast provides power to a lamp and regulates the current and/or power provided to the lamp.
  • Lamps such as high intensity discharge (HID) lamps and fluorescent lamps, use a ballast to provide the proper starting voltage for the lamp and to limit the operating current once the lamp is ignited.
  • a ballast generally includes power factor control (PFC) circuitry for sinusoidal input current control and generation of a regulated direct current (DC) bus voltage.
  • PFC power factor control
  • a lamp driver which comprises an inverter, converts the high DC voltage into a suitable AC voltage for energizing the lamp.
  • a commutation period occurs each time the inverter changes the polarity of the voltage provided to the lamp. In conventional ballasts, the commutation period has a duration of around 100 microseconds.
  • the duration of the commutation periods in conventional ballasts can lead to problems related to lamp operation. Such problems include, but are not limited to, high Spectral Power Ratio (SPR), re -ignition spikes, poor lumen-maintenance, and audible humming noise originating from the lamp.
  • SPR Spectral Power Ratio
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a lamp driver circuit that limits the commutation period to a duration of less than 100 microseconds, and in so doing, removes and/or limits many of these problems.
  • a driver circuit includes a plurality of switching components, wherein the plurality of switching components includes a first switching leg and a second switching leg, each connected between a first direct current voltage bus and a second direct current voltage bus, wherein the first switching leg and the second switching leg each include at least a first switching component and a second switching component, and wherein the first switching component of the first switching leg is connected to the second switching component of the second switching leg to form a first diagonal pair and the second switching component of the first switching leg is connected to the first switching component of the second switching leg to form a second diagonal pair.
  • the driver circuit also includes a load circuit connecting the first switching leg and the second switching leg.
  • the load circuit includes a first inductor connected to a terminal between the first switching component and the second switching component of the first switching leg; a second inductor connected to a terminal between the first switching component and the second switching component of the second switching leg; and lamp terminals connected between the first inductor and the second inductor and connected in series with the second inductor.
  • the driver circuit also includes a capacitor connected in parallel with the series connected lamp terminals and the second inductor, and a control circuit connected to the plurality of switching components.
  • control circuit is configured to operate the first diagonal pair in a non-conductive state and to operate the second diagonal pair in a conductive state, until a current through the first inductor reaches a predefined value, and then to operate the second diagonal pair in a non- conductive state until the current through the first inductor reaches zero.
  • the first switching leg may include: a first switching component connected to the first direct current voltage bus; a first diode connected across the first switching component; a second switching component connected between the first switching component and the second direct current voltage bus; and a second diode connected across the second switching component; and the second switching leg may include: a third switching component connected to the first direct current voltage bus; a third diode connected across the third switching component; a fourth switching component connected between the third switching component and the second direct current voltage bus; and a fourth diode connected across the fourth switching component; such that the first switching component and the fourth switching component may form the first diagonal pair and the second switching component and the third switching component may form the second diagonal pair.
  • control circuit may be further configured to operate the plurality of switching components in a first operation mode for a first time period during which the current through the first inductor has a first polarity, and the control circuit may be configured to operate the switching components in a second operation mode for a second time period during which a current through the second inductor has a second polarity, and the commutation period may occur between the first and second time periods.
  • the control circuit may be configured to operate the plurality of switching components so that the commutation period has a duration of less than 50 microseconds.
  • the driver circuit may further include a ballast and a high intensity discharge lamp connected across the lamp terminals.
  • the ballast may include: an electromagnetic interference filter configured to receive alternating current voltage from a power source; a rectifier connected to the electromagnetic interference filter to convert the alternating current voltage to direct current voltage; and a power factor control circuit connected to the rectifier, the power factor control circuit having a first output connected to the first direct current voltage bus and a second output connected to the second direct current voltage bus, wherein the power factor control circuit may be configured to produce a high direct current voltage output across the first and second outputs.
  • a driver circuit in another embodiment, there is provided a driver circuit.
  • the driver circuit includes: a plurality of switching components, wherein the plurality of switching components includes a first switching leg and a second switching leg, each connected between a first direct current voltage bus and a second direct current voltage bus, wherein the first switching leg and the second switching leg each include at least a first switching component and a second switching component, and wherein the first switching component of the first switching leg is connected to the second switching component of the second switching leg to form a diagonal pair and the second switching component of the first switching leg is connected to the first switching component of the second switching leg to form a diagonal pair.
  • the driver circuit also includes a load circuit connecting the first switching leg and the second switching leg, wherein the load circuit includes: a first inductor connected to a terminal between the first switching component and the second switching component of the first switching leg; a second inductor connected to a terminal between the first switching component and the second switching component of the second switching leg; and lamp terminals connected between the first inductor and the second inductor and connected in series with the second inductor.
  • the driver circuit also includes a capacitor connected in parallel with the series connected lamp terminals and the second inductor; and a control circuit having a plurality of control outputs, wherein each control output in the plurality of control outputs is connected to a corresponding switching component in the plurality of switching components.
  • the control circuit is configured to operate the plurality of switching components: (i) in a first operation mode for a first time period, during which a current through the first inductor has a first polarity; (ii) in a second operation mode for a second time period, during which the current through the first inductor has a second polarity that is opposite of the first polarity; and (iii) in a third operating mode during a commutation period, during which a polarity of a current through the capacitor is being reversed; wherein during the commutation period, the control circuit is configured to operate a first diagonal pair in a non-conductive state and to operate a second diagonal pair in a conductive state, until the current through the first inductor reaches a predefined value, and then to operate the second diagonal pair in a non-conductive state until the current through the first inductor reaches zero.
  • the first switching leg may include: a first switching component connected to the first direct current voltage bus; a first diode connected across the first switching component; a second switching component connected between the first switching component and the second direct current voltage bus; and a second diode connected across the second switching component; and the second switching leg may include: a third switching component connected to the first direct current voltage bus; a third diode connected across the third switching component; a fourth switching component connected between the third switching component and the second direct current voltage bus; and a fourth diode connected across the fourth switching component; such that the first switching component and the fourth switching component may form a diagonal pair and the second switching component and the third switching component may form a diagonal pair.
  • the first operation mode may be a positive cycle operation mode during which the current through the first inductor has a positive polarity
  • the second operation mode may be a negative cycle operation mode during which the current through the first inductor has a negative polarity
  • the control circuit may be configured to operate in the third operating mode during transitions from the positive cycle operation mode to the negative cycle operation mode and from the negative cycle operation mode to the positive cycle operation mode.
  • the third operation mode may be a positive -to- negative transition mode during a commutation period in which the polarity of the current through the capacitor is being changed from positive to negative
  • the first diagonal pair may be the diagonal pair of switching components comprising the first switching component of the first switching leg and the second switching component of the second switching leg
  • the second diagonal pair of switching components may be the diagonal pair of switching components comprising the second switching component of the first switching leg and the first switching component of the second switching leg.
  • the third operation mode may be a negative-to- positive transition mode during a commutation period in which the polarity of the current through the capacitor is being changed from negative to positive
  • the first diagonal pair of switching components may be the diagonal pair of switching components comprising the second switching component of the first switching leg and the first switching component of the second switching leg
  • the second diagonal pair of switching components may be the diagonal pair of switching components comprising the first switching component of the first switching leg and the second switching component of the second switching leg.
  • control circuit may be configured to operate the plurality of switching components so that the commutation period has a duration of less than 50 microseconds.
  • the driver circuit may further include a ballast and a high intensity discharge lamp connected across the lamp terminals
  • the ballast may include: an electromagnetic interference filter configured to receive alternating current voltage from a power source; a rectifier connected to the electromagnetic interference filter to convert the alternating current voltage to direct current voltage; and a power factor control circuit connected to the rectifier, the power factor control circuit having a first output connected to the first direct current voltage bus and a second output connected to the second direct current voltage bus, wherein the power factor control circuit may be configured to produce a high direct current voltage output across the first and second outputs.
  • a ballast in another embodiment, there is provided a ballast.
  • the ballast includes: an electromagnetic interference filter configured to receive alternating current voltage from a power source; a rectifier connected to the electromagnetic interference filter to convert the alternating current voltage to direct current voltage; a power factor control circuit connected to the rectifier, the power factor control circuit having a first output and a second output, wherein the power factor control circuit is configured to produce a high direct current voltage output across the first and second outputs; a first direct current voltage bus connected to the first output of the power factor control circuit; a second direct current voltage bus connected to the second output of the power factor control circuit; a plurality of switching components, wherein the plurality of switching components includes a first switching leg and a second switching leg, each connected between a first direct current voltage bus and a second direct current voltage bus, wherein the first switching leg and the second switching leg each include at least a first switching component and a second switching component, and wherein the first switching component of the first switching leg is connected to the second switching component of the second switching leg to
  • the first switching leg may include: a first switching component connected to the first direct current voltage bus; a first diode connected across the first switching component; a second switching component connected between the first switching component and the second direct current voltage bus; and a second diode connected across the second switching component; and the second switching leg may include: a third switching component connected to the first direct current voltage bus; a third diode connected across the third switching component; a fourth switching component connected between the third switching component and the second direct current voltage bus; and a fourth diode connected across the fourth switching component; such that the first switching component and the fourth switching component may form a diagonal pair and the second switching component and the third switching component may form a diagonal pair.
  • the ballast may further include an electrolytic capacitor connected in a shunt configuration across the first and second outputs of the power factor control circuit.
  • the ballast may further include a high intensity discharge (HID) lamp connected across the lamp terminals.
  • the control circuit may be further configured to operate the plurality of switching components in a positive operation mode for a first time period during which the current through the first inductor has a positive polarity, and the control circuit may be configured to operate the plurality of switching components in a negative operation mode for a second time period during which a current through the second inductor has a negative polarity, and the commutation period may occur between the first and second time periods.
  • the first diagonal pair may be the diagonal pair of switching components comprising the first switching component of the first switching leg and the second switching component of the second switching leg
  • the second diagonal pair of switching components may be the diagonal pair of switching components comprising the second switching component of the first switching leg and the first switching component of the second switching leg.
  • the first diagonal pair of switching components may be the diagonal pair of switching components comprising the second switching component of the first switching leg and the first switching component of the second switching leg, and the second diagonal pair of switching
  • components may be the diagonal pair of switching components comprising the first switching component of the first switching leg and the second switching component of the second switching leg.
  • control circuit may be configured to operate the plurality of switching components so that the commutation period has a duration of less than 50 microseconds.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic of a lamp system including a ballast with an inverter for use with an input power source to energize a lamp according to embodiments disclosed herein.
  • FIGs. 2A-5B each illustrate exemplary current paths through an inverter of the ballast of the lamp system of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary sequence of operating modes according to embodiments disclosed herein.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a lamp system 100 according to embodiments described herein.
  • the lamp system 100 includes an input power source 102, such as an alternating current (AC) power source, an electronic ballast 104, and a lamp 106.
  • the lamp system 100 described herein is used to energize, for example, one or more HID lamps 106.
  • Exemplary HID lamps include, but are not limited to, mercury vapor, metal halide, high-pressure sodium, and low- pressure sodium lamps.
  • the lamp system 100 may be used to energize other types of lamps, such as a fluorescent lamp, without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the electronic ballast 104 includes one or more input terminals adapted to connect to the input power source 102 and a ground terminal connectable to ground potential.
  • the input power source 102 includes a first voltage source and a second voltage source, and the electronic ballast 104 is operative ly connected to either the first voltage source or the second voltage source.
  • the electronic ballast 104 may selectively receive power from either the first voltage source (e.g., 208 volts AC) or the second voltage source (e.g., 347 volts, 480 volts).
  • the first voltage source e.g., 208 volts AC
  • the second voltage source e.g., 347 volts, 480 volts.
  • Other input power sources 102 known in the art may be used without departing from the scope of the present invention.
  • the electronic ballast 104 receives an input AC power signal from the input power source 102 via the input terminal.
  • the electronic ballast 104 includes an electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter and a rectifier (e.g., full- wave rectifier), illustrated generally at 110.
  • EMI electromagnetic interference
  • the EMI filter prevents noise, which may be generated by the electronic ballast 104, from being transmitted back to the input power source 102.
  • the rectifier converts AC voltage of the input power signal to DC (direct current) voltage.
  • the electronic ballast 104 includes a power stage to convert power supplied by the input power source 102 to drive the lamp 106.
  • the electronic ballast 104 includes a first power stage comprising a power factor control circuit 112.
  • the power factor control circuit 112 such as a boost converter, receives the rectified input power signal and produces a high DC voltage (e.g., 460 volts DC).
  • the electronic ballast 104 also includes a second power stage comprising a lamp driver (broadly, lamp driver and ignition circuit) 114.
  • the lamp driver 114 includes an inverter circuit that converts the high DC voltage into a suitable AC voltage to energize the lamp 106.
  • a capacitor 118 such as an electrolytic capacitor, is connected in a shunt configuration between the first power stage (e.g., power factor control circuit 112) and the second power stage (e.g., lamp driver 114) to provide a low impedance source of voltage to the inverter.
  • the electronic ballast 104 includes a controller 120 (broadly referred to throughout as a "control circuit") to control the operations of the components of the electronic ballast 104.
  • the controller 120 has one or more control outputs which electrically connect the controller 120 to the lamp driver 114.
  • the controller 120 may be a microcontroller that may have control outputs that are electrically connected to the lamp driver 114 via driver control circuits.
  • the lamp driver (broadly referred to throughout as a "driver circuit") 114 comprises a first DC voltage bus 122 and a second DC voltage bus 124 (e.g., high DC voltage bus and low DC voltage bus, respectively) connected to the power factor control circuit 112 and the capacitor 118.
  • a first switching leg and a second switching leg are each connected between the first DC voltage bus 122 and the second DC voltage bus 124.
  • the first switching leg includes a first switching component Ql connected to the first DC voltage bus 122, and a first diode Dl connected (e.g., shunted) across the first switching component Ql .
  • the first switching leg also includes a second switching component Q2 connected between the first switching component Ql and the second DC voltage bus 124, and a second diode D2 connected (e.g., shunted) across the second switching component Q2.
  • a second switching component Q2 connected between the first switching component Ql and the second DC voltage bus 124
  • a second diode D2 connected (e.g., shunted) across the second switching component Q2.
  • the second switching leg includes a third switching component Q3 connected to the first DC voltage bus 122, and a third diode D3 connected (e.g., shunted) across the third switching component Q3.
  • the second switching leg also includes a fourth switching component Q4 connected between the third switching component Q3 and the second voltage bus 124, and a fourth diode connected (e.g., shunted) across the fourth switching component Q4.
  • the third switching component Q3 in combination with the third diode D3 is connected in series with the fourth switching component Q4 in combination with the fourth diode D4.
  • each of the switching components Ql, Q2, Q3, and Q4 is a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET).
  • MOSFET metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor
  • a load circuit 126 connects the first switching leg to the second switching leg.
  • a first inductor Lt, uc k is connected to a terminal 128 between the first switching component Ql and the second switching component Q2.
  • a second inductor e.g., igniter
  • Load terminals 132 are connected between the first inductor Lb uc k and the second inductor (e.g., igniter) and are adapted for connecting a load, such as a lamp 106, in series with the first inductor Lt, uc k and the second inductor (e.g., igniter).
  • a capacitor Cbuck is connected in parallel with the series arrangement of the lamp terminals 132 and the second inductor (e.g., igniter).
  • the controller 120 includes a first control output 134 connected to the first switching component Ql, a second control output 136 connected to the second switching component Q2, a third control output 138 connected to the third switching component Q3, and a fourth control output 140 connected to the fourth switching component Q4.
  • the controller 120 operates the first, second, third, and fourth switching components Ql, Q2, Q3, Q4 via the first, second, third, and fourth control outputs 134, 136, 138, 140, respectively, in diagonal pairs in order to convert the high DC voltage generated by the power factor control circuit 112 to an AC voltage signal suitable to energize the lamp 106.
  • the AC voltage signal is comprised of positive cycles and negative cycles.
  • the first switching component Ql and the fourth switching component Q4 form a diagonal pair that is operated to generate the positive cycles of the AC voltage signal.
  • the second switching component Q2 and the third switching component Q3 form a diagonal pair that is operated to generate the negative cycles of the AC voltage signal.
  • the controller 120 is configured to operate the switching components Ql, Q2, Q3, and Q4 according to a plurality of operation modes. More particularly, the controller 120 is configured to operate the switching components Ql, Q2, Q3, and Q4 in a first operation mode for a first time period (e.g., Tl) during which the current through or voltage across the first inductor L buc k has a first polarity (e.g., positive, negative).
  • a first time period e.g., Tl
  • first polarity e.g., positive, negative
  • the controller 120 is configured to operate the switching components Ql, Q2, Q3, and Q4 in a second operation mode for a second time period (e.g., T2) during which the current through or voltage across the first inductor Lbuck has a second polarity (e.g., positive, negative) that is opposite of the first polarity.
  • the first and second operation modes may be the positive cycle operation mode and the negative cycle operation mode described below.
  • the controller 120 is configured to operate the switching components Ql, Q2, Q3, and Q4 in a third operation mode for a third time period (e.g., T3).
  • the third time period is a
  • the third time period (e.g., commutation period) represents a transition time needed to switch the polarity of the current through or voltage across the capacitor Cbuck-
  • commutation period each time the controller 120 transitions from the first time period Tl to the second time period T2 and from the second time period T2 back to the first time period Tl .
  • the controller 120 is configured to operate the switching components in a positive cycle operation mode, a negative cycle operation mode, a positive-to-negative transition operation mode, and a negative-to-positive transition mode operation.
  • the controller 120 operates the inverter (i.e., switching components Ql, Q2, Q3, Q4) so that a positive portion of an AC voltage signal is provided to the lamp 106.
  • the controller 120 operates the inverter (i.e., switching components Ql, Q2, Q3, Q4) so that a negative portion of an AC voltage signal is provided to the lamp 106.
  • the controller 120 operates the inverter (i.e., switching components Ql, Q2, Q3, Q4) to transition the polarity of the AC voltage signal provided to the lamp 106 from positive to negative.
  • the controller 120 operates the inverter (i.e., switching components Ql, Q2, Q3, Q4) to transition the polarity of the AC voltage signal provided to the lamp 106 from negative to positive.
  • the switching sequence described below employed by the controller 120 during the positive -to-negative transition operation mode and during the negative -to- positive transition mode minimizes commutation time. As such, embodiments of the present invention reduce Spectral Power Ratio (SPR), re-ignition spikes, poor lumen-maintenance, and audible humming noise produced by the lamp 106.
  • SPR Spectral Power Ratio
  • the controller 120 operates the inverter (i.e., switching components Ql, Q2, Q3, Q4) between two different states.
  • the first state i.e., positive cycle state 1
  • the diagonal pair of switching components comprising the second switching component Q2 and the third switching component Q3, is non-conductive.
  • current flows in a path from the first DC voltage bus and through the first switching component Ql and the first inductor Lbuck-
  • the current path then divides so that current flows through the capacitor Cbuck and the lamp 106 and second inductor (i.e., igniter).
  • the current path continues through the fourth switching component Q4 to the second DC voltage bus. Accordingly, the current through the first inductor Lt, uc k rises and a positive voltage is generated across the lamp 106.
  • the second switching component Q2 and the third switching component Q3 remain non-conductive.
  • the first switching component Ql is turned OFF so that it is non-conductive.
  • Energy stored by the first inductor L buc k dissipates to generate a decreasing current that flows in a closed loop through the capacitor Cbuck, the lamp 106, and the second inductor (i.e., igniter) to the fourth switching component Q4, and then from the anode to the cathode of the second diode D2.
  • a positive voltage is maintained across the lamp 106.
  • the controller 120 returns the inverter to the positive cycle state 1.
  • the first switching component Ql is turned ON so that it is conductive.
  • the positive-to-negative transition mode is initiated.
  • the controller 120 operates the inverter (i.e., switching components Ql, Q2, Q3, Q4) between two different states.
  • the first state i.e., positive -to-negative state 1 illustrated in FIG. 3A
  • the diagonal pair of switching components comprising the first switching component Ql and the fourth switching component Q4, is non-conductive.
  • the diagonal pair of switching components comprising the second switching component Q2 and the third switching component Q3, is conductive.
  • the second state i.e., positive-to-negative state 2 of the positive -to-negative transition mode is initiated.
  • a predefined value e.g., peak value
  • the second state i.e., positive-to-negative state 2 of the positive -to-negative transition mode is initiated.
  • each of the switching components Ql, Q2, Q3, and Q4 are non-conductive.
  • energy stored by the first inductor Lt, uc k dissipates to generate a decreasing current that flows in a path from the second DC voltage bus and through the fourth diode D4.
  • the current path divides so that current flows through the capacitor Cbuck, the lamp 106, and the second inductor (i.e., igniter).
  • the current path then continues through the first inductor Lbuck, through the first diode Dl, to the first DC voltage bus.
  • the controller 120 returns the inverter to the positive-to-negative state 1.
  • the controller 120 operates the inverter (i.e., switching components Ql, Q2, Q3, Q4) between two different states.
  • the first state i..e., negative cycle state 1
  • the diagonal pair of switching components comprising the first switching component Ql and the fourth switching component Q4
  • the diagonal pair of switching components comprising the second switching component Q2 and the third switching component Q3, is conductive.
  • current flows from the first DC voltage bus and through the third switching component Q3.
  • the current path then divides so that current flows through the capacitor Cbuck, the lamp 106, and the second inductor (i.e., igniter).
  • the current path continues through the first inductor Lb uc k, and the second switching component Q2 to the second DC voltage bus. Accordingly, the current through the first inductor L buc k rises and a negative voltage is generated across the lamp 106.
  • the first switching component Ql and the fourth switching component Q4 remain non-conductive.
  • the second switching component Q2 is turned OFF so that it is non-conductive.
  • Energy stored by the first inductor L buc k dissipates to generate a decreasing current that flows in a closed loop from the anode to the cathode of the first diode D 1 , through the third switching component Q3, and then through the capacitor Cbuck, the lamp 106, and the second inductor (i.e., igniter).
  • a negative voltage is maintained across the lamp 106.
  • the controller 120 returns the inverter to the negative cycle state 1.
  • the second switching component Q2 is turned ON so that it is conductive.
  • the negative cycle operation mode which, in some embodiments, includes either negative cycle state 1 or negative cycle state 2, and in other embodiments, includes both negative cycle state 1 and negative cycle state 2, the negative -to-positive transition mode is initiated.
  • the controller 120 operates the inverter (i.e., switching components Ql, Q2, Q3, Q4) between two different states.
  • the first state i.e., negative-to-positive state 1
  • the diagonal pair of switching components comprising the second switching component Q2 and the third switching component Q3, is non-conductive.
  • the diagonal pair of switching components comprising the first switching component Ql and the fourth switching component Q4 is conductive.
  • the second state i.e., negative-to-positive state 2 of the negative-to-positive transition mode is initiated.
  • a predefined value e.g., peak value
  • the second state i.e., negative-to-positive state 2 of the negative-to-positive transition mode is initiated.
  • each of the switching components Ql, Q2, Q3, and Q4 is non-conductive.
  • the first inductor Lbuck dissipates to generate a decreasing current that flows in a path from the second DC voltage bus, through the second diode D2, and through the first inductor Lb uc k-
  • the current path is then divided so that current flows through the capacitor Cbuck, the lamp 106 and the second inductor (i.e., igniter).
  • the current path continues through the third diode D3 to the first DC voltage bus.
  • the controller 120 returns the inverter to the negative-to-positive state 1.
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating exemplary operations modes implemented by the controller 120 for providing an AC voltage signal to the lamp 106 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • the controller 120 initiates operation of the inverter in the positive cycle operation mode.
  • the positive cycle operation mode has a predefined duration period, T pos iti ve .
  • T pos iti ve has a predefined value of 3.2 milliseconds.
  • the controller 120 When the positive cycle operation mode is initiated, the controller 120 operates the inverter, indicated at 202, in the positive cycle state 1 for a time period of t pos cycle statei ⁇
  • the time period t pos cycle statei has a pre-defined value of 5.0 ⁇
  • the controller 120 then, at 206, operates the inverter in the positive cycle state 2 for a time period of t pos cyc i e sta te2-
  • the time period t pos cyc i e stat e2 has a pre-defined value of 12.0 ⁇ which is based on the amount of time that it takes for the current through the first inductor Lb uc k to reach zero.
  • the controller 120 After operating the inverter in the positive cycle state 2 for the time period t pos cyc i e sta te2, the controller 120 returns the inverter to the positive cycle state 1 at 202.
  • the controller 120 continues to alternately operate the inverter between the positive cycle state 1 and the positive cycle state 2 for the duration of the positive cycle operation mode time period T pos iti ve .
  • the first switching component Ql is switched at a frequency of 58.8 kHz and the fourth switching component Q4 is switched at a frequency of 156.25 Hz.
  • the controller 120 initiates a positive-to-negative transition operation mode.
  • the positive-to-negative transition operation mode has a predefined duration period, T pos _t 0 _ ne g.
  • T pos _t 0 _ ne g has a predefined value of around 46 microseconds.
  • the controller 120 When the positive-to-negative transition operation mode is initiated, the controller 120 operates the inverter, indicated at 208, in the positive-to-negative state 1 for a time period of t pos _ neg state i -
  • the time period t pos _ neg state ⁇ is a function of the peak value I M A X for the current that is passed through the first inductor Lt, uc k causing the saturation of the first inductor Lt, uc k-
  • the value of the time period t pos _ neg state ⁇ is given as follows
  • the peak value I M A X for the current is based on the inductance value of the first inductor Lt, uc k-
  • the inductance value of the first inductor Lt, uc k is 285 micro Henrys
  • the peak value I M A X for the current is accordingly about 9 Amps.
  • the DC bus voltage is 460 Volts and the lamp voltage is 135 Volts.
  • the duration for the positive- to negative state 1 t pos _ neg stat ei is about 4.3 microseconds.
  • the controller 120 then, at 212, operates the inverter in the positive -to-negative state 2 for a time period of t pos _ neg s tate2-
  • the time period t pos _ neg stat e2 has a pre-defined value of 7.9 ⁇ , which is based on the amount of time that it takes for the current through the first inductor Lb uc k to reach zero.
  • the controller 120 After operating the inverter in the positive-to-negative state 2 for the time period t pos _ neg s tate2, the controller 120 returns the inverter to the positive-to-negative state 1 at 208. The controller 120 continues to alternately operate the inverter between the positive-to-negative state 1 and the positive-to-negative state 2 for the duration of the positive-to-negative transition operation mode time period T pos _t 0 _ neg .
  • the controller 120 initiates the negative cycle operation mode.
  • the negative cycle operation mode has a predefined duration period, T nega tive.
  • T nega tive has a predefined value of 3.2 milliseconds.
  • the controller 120 operates the inverter, indicated at 214, in the negative cycle state 1 for a time period of t neg cycle state i -
  • the time period t neg C ycie state ⁇ has a pre-defined value of 5.( ⁇ sec.
  • the controller 120 then, at 218, operates the inverter in the negative cycle state 2 for a time period of t neg cyc ie state2-
  • the time period t neg cycle state2 has a pre-defined value of 12.0 ⁇ which is based on the amount of time that it takes for the current through the first inductor Lt, uc k to reach zero.
  • the controller 120 After operating the inverter in the negative cycle state 2 for the time period t neg cycle state2, the controller 120 returns the inverter to the negative cycle state 1 at 214.
  • the controller 120 continues to alternately operate the inverter between the negative cycle state 1 and the negative cycle state 2 for the duration of the negative cycle operation mode time period T negat i ve .
  • the second switching component Q2 is switched at a frequency of 58.8 kHz and the third switching component Q3 is switched at a frequency of 156.25 Hz.
  • the controller 120 initiates negative-to-positive transition operation mode.
  • the negative -to-positive transition operation mode has a predefined duration period, T neg -t 0 -pos.
  • T neg -t 0 -pos has a predefined value of around 46 microseconds.
  • the controller 120 When the negative-to-positive transition operation mode is initiated, the controller 120 operates the inverter, indicated at 220, in the negative-to-positive state 1 for a time period of t neg _ pos _ sta tei -
  • the time period t neg - P os state ⁇ is a function of the peak value I M A X for the current that is passed through the first inductor Lt, uc k causing the saturation of the first inductor Lt, uc k.
  • the value of the time period t neg- p 0S _ statel is given as follows
  • the peak value I M A X for the current is based on the inductance value of the first inductor Lbuck-
  • the inductance value of the first inductor Lt, uc k is 285 micro Henrys
  • the peak value I M A X for the current is accordingly about 9 Amps.
  • the DC bus voltage is 460 Volts and the lamp voltage is 135 Volts.
  • the duration for the negative- to-positive state 1 t neg _ pos s t a te l is about 4.3 microseconds.
  • the controller 120 then, at 224, operates the inverter in the negative-to-positive state 2 for a time period of t pos _ ne g s tate2-
  • the time period t pos _ neg stat e2 has a pre-defined value of 7.9 ⁇ , which is based on the amount of time that it takes for the current through the first inductor Lb uc k to reach zero.
  • the controller 120 After operating the inverter in the positive-to-negative state 2 for the time period t pos _ ne g s tate2, the controller 120 returns the inverter to the positive-to-negative state 1 at 220. The controller 120 continues to alternately operate the inverter between the negative-to-positive state 1 and the negative-to-positive state 2 for the duration of the negative-to-positive transition operation mode time period T neg -to-pos.
  • the controller 120 When the negative-to-positive transition operation mode time period T neg -to-pos expires, the controller 120 returns to the positive cycle operation mode. The controller 120 continues to cycle through the positive cycle operation mode, positive-to-negative transition mode, negative cycle operation mode, and negative-to-positive transition mode as described above in order to provide the AC voltage signal to the lamp 106.

Landscapes

  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un circuit d'excitation comportant une pluralité de commutateurs, formant deux branches de commutation, chacune d'entre elle comportant au moins deux commutateurs et étant connectée entre deux bus de tension continue. Les commutateurs sont associés pour former des paires diagonales. Le circuit d'excitation comprend également un circuit de charge connectant les branches, un premier inducteur étant connecté aux commutateurs d'une des branches, un second inducteur étant connecté aux autres commutateurs, et des bornes de lampe sont connectés aux inducteurs, en série avec le second inducteur. Le circuit d'excitation comprend également un condensateur en parallèle avec les bornes de lampes connectées en série et le second inducteur, et un circuit de commande connecté à la pluralité de commutateurs. Durant une période de commutation, une paire diagonale fonctionne dans un état non conducteur et l'autre dans un état conducteur, jusqu'à ce qu'un courant à travers le premier inducteur atteigne une valeur prédéfinie. Ensuite, l'autre paire fonctionne dans un état non conducteur jusqu'à ce que le courant à travers le premier inducteur atteigne une valeur nulle.
PCT/US2010/059423 2009-12-08 2010-12-08 Commutation en mode transition pour onduleur Ceased WO2011071993A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201080055861XA CN102656951A (zh) 2009-12-08 2010-12-08 逆变器的转换模式换向
EP10836597.4A EP2510756A4 (fr) 2009-12-08 2010-12-08 Commutation en mode transition pour onduleur
CA2779911A CA2779911A1 (fr) 2009-12-08 2010-12-08 Commutation en mode transition pour onduleur
JP2012543234A JP2013513357A (ja) 2009-12-08 2010-12-08 インバータ用の移行モード整流

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US26763809P 2009-12-08 2009-12-08
US61/267,638 2009-12-08

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011071993A2 true WO2011071993A2 (fr) 2011-06-16
WO2011071993A3 WO2011071993A3 (fr) 2011-08-18

Family

ID=44081354

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2010/059423 Ceased WO2011071993A2 (fr) 2009-12-08 2010-12-08 Commutation en mode transition pour onduleur

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US8373351B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2510756A4 (fr)
JP (1) JP2013513357A (fr)
CN (1) CN102656951A (fr)
CA (1) CA2779911A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011071993A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2136465B1 (fr) * 2008-06-18 2017-08-09 SMA Solar Technology AG Onduleur realisé par un pont comportant des commutateurs synchronisant lentement et rapidement
US9313053B2 (en) * 2012-05-15 2016-04-12 Broadcom Corporation Filter circuitry
DE102012023448A1 (de) * 2012-11-30 2014-06-05 Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zum Orten von fehlerhaften Stellen in einem HF-Signalübertragspfad
US9680372B1 (en) * 2014-11-10 2017-06-13 Rantec Power Systems, Inc. Hold up converter
US10008952B1 (en) * 2016-12-23 2018-06-26 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Power conversion system with conditioner capacitor discharge apparatus
GB2562258A (en) * 2017-05-09 2018-11-14 Quintet Electronic Patents Ltd Pulse width modulated voltage regulator

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3224948B2 (ja) * 1994-08-30 2001-11-05 株式会社小糸製作所 放電灯の点灯回路
US5694006A (en) * 1996-04-04 1997-12-02 Motorola, Inc. Single switch ballast with integrated power factor correction
US7141937B2 (en) * 2002-10-28 2006-11-28 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. High-pressure discharge lamp operation device and illumination appliance having the same
JP4240998B2 (ja) * 2002-10-28 2009-03-18 パナソニック電工株式会社 高圧放電灯点灯装置
WO2005096679A1 (fr) 2004-03-31 2005-10-13 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Configuration de circuit
DE202006004296U1 (de) * 2006-03-17 2006-06-14 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Ausschaltzeitregelung
TW200808124A (en) 2006-07-20 2008-02-01 Ind Tech Res Inst Single-stage electronic ballast circuit
US20120268023A1 (en) * 2010-03-04 2012-10-25 O2Micro, Inc. Circuits and methods for driving light sources

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of EP2510756A4 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2013513357A (ja) 2013-04-18
US8373351B2 (en) 2013-02-12
US20110133664A1 (en) 2011-06-09
WO2011071993A3 (fr) 2011-08-18
EP2510756A4 (fr) 2013-12-11
EP2510756A2 (fr) 2012-10-17
CA2779911A1 (fr) 2011-06-16
CN102656951A (zh) 2012-09-05

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5426350A (en) High frequency transformerless electronics ballast using double inductor-capacitor resonant power conversion for gas discharge lamps
US8373351B2 (en) Transition mode commutation for inverter
JP2006519577A (ja) 単段力率補正及び電力変換回路
Vilela et al. An electronic ballast with high power factor and low voltage stress
CN1169406C (zh) 电子镇流器
Liang et al. Two-stage high-power-factor electronic ballast for metal–halide lamps
US9244476B2 (en) Electronic ballast with power factor correction
US6225755B1 (en) High power factor electronic ballast with simplified circuit topology
EP1466508A1 (fr) Circuit pour lampe a decharge gazeuse
Cosetin et al. Off-line single-stage SEPIC-Buck converter for dimmable LED lighting with reduced storage capacitor
Fuerback et al. Near-unity power factor electronic ballast based on integration techniques to drive high-intensity discharge metal halide (HID–MH) lamps
Lam et al. A novel SEPIC type single-stage single switch electronic ballast with very high power factor and high efficiency
EP1097611B1 (fr) Circuit
WO2010054454A2 (fr) Ballast électronique pour lampes à vapeur de métal utilisant des techniques d'intégration pour corriger le facteur de puissance et éliminer la résonance acoustique
JP2000517471A (ja) 回路装置
EP1177710A1 (fr) Ballast electronique
Kirsten et al. HID electronic ballast based on bi-flyback inverter topology
Ahmad et al. A non-electrolytic-capacitor low-power AC-DC single-stage SEPIC-Flyback LED converter
Cervi et al. Single stage high power factor electronic ballast for hid lamps using differential connection
Liang et al. A novel two-stage electronic ballast for HID lamp with SEPIC PFC
Ann et al. Performance comparison of electronic ballast topologies for low power compact fluorescent lamp application
OKIDA et al. HIGH POWER FACTOR ELECTRONIC LIGHTING SYSTEM EMPLOYING THE SEPIC AND HALF-BRIDGE INVERTER FOR AC POWER LEDS
Cheng et al. A novel two-stage electronic ballast for metal-halide-type HID lamps
Cheng et al. A novel single-stage DC-AC inverter suitable for supplying an automotive HID headlamp
Ponce-Silva et al. Integrated square waveform electronic ballast with high efficiency and high power factor for high pressure sodium lamps

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 201080055861.X

Country of ref document: CN

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 10836597

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2010836597

Country of ref document: EP

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2779911

Country of ref document: CA

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2012543234

Country of ref document: JP