WO2011103873A2 - Système de chauffage et/ou de refroidissement - Google Patents

Système de chauffage et/ou de refroidissement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011103873A2
WO2011103873A2 PCT/DE2011/075031 DE2011075031W WO2011103873A2 WO 2011103873 A2 WO2011103873 A2 WO 2011103873A2 DE 2011075031 W DE2011075031 W DE 2011075031W WO 2011103873 A2 WO2011103873 A2 WO 2011103873A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat
adsorption
expander
steam
vehicles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DE2011/075031
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2011103873A3 (fr
Inventor
Niels Braunschweig
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Amovis GmbH
INVENSOR GmbH
Original Assignee
Amovis GmbH
INVENSOR GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Amovis GmbH, INVENSOR GmbH filed Critical Amovis GmbH
Publication of WO2011103873A2 publication Critical patent/WO2011103873A2/fr
Publication of WO2011103873A3 publication Critical patent/WO2011103873A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/065—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle the combustion taking place in an internal combustion piston engine, e.g. a diesel engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
    • F25B27/02—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using waste heat, e.g. from internal-combustion engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y02A30/274—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies using waste energy, e.g. from internal combustion engine
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/52—Heat recovery pumps, i.e. heat pump based systems or units able to transfer the thermal energy from one area of the premises or part of the facilities to a different one, improving the overall efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heating and / or cooling system comprising a steam engine and an adsorption refrigerator and the use of the system for providing heat, cold, electricity, or combinations thereof.
  • a non-negligible amount of waste heat is generated during operation. This is discharged via a drive cooling device with heating of a coolant, usually water, and / or manifests itself in hot exhaust gases which are discharged via a corresponding exhaust gas ejection device.
  • a coolant usually water
  • the electric motor represents a low-emission alternative to the conventional vehicle drive. Not least due to the initiative of the Federal Government to let up to one million electric vehicles roll on German roads by 2020, the number of vehicles powered purely by electricity is steadily increasing. Also, battery technology, often cited in the past as a limiting factor for electromobility, now seems to have reached a level of maturity that promises an acceptable range, at least in urban transport. As a result, purely electric locomotion becomes a real alternative to the vehicle with an internal combustion engine for a growing number of people. Due to the progressive convergence of combustion engine and electrically powered vehicles, the focus is now also on functions off the drive and storage technology, which are taken for granted in the internal combustion engine.
  • the heating of the interior or the cooling is far more than just a comfort function, but according to various studies is an essential aspect of active safety.
  • To maintain the steady state at 8 ° C outdoor and 22 ° C indoor temperature is sufficient heating power of 0 , 5 ... 0.7 kW in recirculation mode.
  • Heating systems where the heat is released by the combustion of fuels potentially have a higher efficiency in heat generation, but require a greater effort in heat distribution.
  • the high temperatures of the transfer medium after combustion e.g. by mixing to tolerable temperatures
  • systems available on the market e.g. commercial parking heaters, often fossil or other carbonaceous fuels. This is not only seen as a flaw in relation to electric vehicles with the otherwise emission-free drive, but leads in certain jurisdictions such. California states that such vehicles are no longer classified as "Zero Emission Vehicles" (ZEV).
  • ZEV Zero Emission Vehicles
  • the problem of cooling / air-conditioning the vehicle interior is analogous to this.
  • the air-conditioning compressor in conventional cars is driven by the internal combustion engine and thus contributes to increased fuel consumption.
  • the additional power taken leads to an increase in engine efficiency, so that the additional fuel consumption is smaller than the drive power increases.
  • the extracted energy significantly reduces the range (up to 30%).
  • the permissible temperature range for individual cells is between 10 ° C and 40 ° C. Below 10 ° C, the internal resistance increases significantly, so that less energy can be removed and, above all, less can be stored. Above a cell temperature of 40 ° C, the aging processes of cell chemistry increase exponentially and lead to irreversible premature loss of capacity. For the conditioning of a whole battery consisting of many individual cells of the delayed or insulated heat transfer from the inside out must be taken into account.
  • Optimal would therefore be a temperature range of 20 ° C to 25 ° C in Operation or loading. From the relatively narrow temperature window, it follows that the battery must be cooled or ventilated even at a high outside temperature in the state, so as not to accelerate the aging process. In addition, particularly low temperatures in the state should also be avoided to ensure the starting ability of the vehicle.
  • Refrigeration machines are described in the prior art which generally serve to heat and / or cool buildings in which, for example, heat is absorbed below the ambient temperature and emitted at a higher temperature
  • the refrigeration machines known in the art are, for example, adsorption refrigeration plants, diffusion absorption refrigeration machines, adsorption refrigeration plants or solid sorption heat pumps and compression refrigeration plants.
  • the systems known from the prior art are usually very large, which on the one hand to the installed refrigeration capacity and on the other hand to the execution of the ad or absorbent material li egt.
  • the adsorption chiller disclosed in the prior art consists of an ad / desorber unit, an evaporator, a condenser and / or a combined evaporator / condenser unit, which are housed in a common container or in separate containers, which are then filled with pipes o ⁇ .
  • the advantage of sorption compared to conventional heat pump technology is that the expiration of the adsorption / desorption solely by the temperature of the sorbent he follows.
  • the container of the adsorption machine can be hermetically sealed and gas-tight.
  • the heat of adsorption and the heat of condensation must be removed from the plant. This is usually done via a flowing heat transfer medium that transports this heat to a heat sink, e.g. to a recooling plant, which releases the heat to the ambient air.
  • a heat sink e.g. to a recooling plant
  • the temperatures and thus the pressures within the adsorption machine would rise and the adsorption process would cease.
  • the efficiency of an adsorption machine can be significantly increased by improved heat transfer, which inevitably improves the efficiency of the system.
  • the invention relates to a heating and / or cooling system comprising a steam engine and an adsorption refrigerator, wherein the steam engine at least a a heat source, b an expander c. a steam generator and / or d a pump and the adsorption chiller at least a. an adsorber / desorber unit, b. an evaporator and a condenser or c. an evaporator / condenser unit, wherein the expander is connected downstream of the steam generator connected to an exhaust path of the heat source and the adsorption chiller is arranged behind the expander and waste heat of the expander, advantageously via the adsorber / desorber unit in particular the condenser
  • Adsorber / desorber unit picks up, the adsorption chiller is connected to a heating and / or cooling circuit.
  • the system can be considered as a system for providing heat, cold or electricity.
  • a heating and / or cooling system for a motor vehicle comprising a steam engine and an adsorption refrigerator, wherein the steam engine is at least a. a heat source, b. an expander c. a steam generator and / or d. a pump and the adsorption chiller at least a. an adsorber / desorber unit, b. an evaporator and a condenser or c.
  • a universally applicable system uses the waste heat of a heat source, which may be, for example, a burner or an internal combustion engine, for a steam engine and an adsorption chiller, and provides heat, cold or power.
  • a heat source refers in particular to a source which generates thermal energy, it also being possible for the thermal energy to be produced as a waste product.
  • the system makes it possible to reduce the size of the system while at the same time increasing the efficiency.
  • the heat of condensation of the steam power process is the driving heat for the desorption process of the adsorption machine.
  • the steam engine has a condenser.
  • the system is particularly capable, for example, of the energy of renewable raw materials, such as biogas, bio-ethanol, u. ⁇ ., Preferably heat, cold, electricity, or to produce combinations thereof.
  • a simple burner supplies a steam circuit, which in a preferred embodiment operates a generator by means of a small expander.
  • the steam engine is coupled via the condenser, which is advantageously a structural unit with the adsorber / desorber unit, with an adsorption system, which in turn generates cooling and / or heat output for the air conditioning of the passenger compartment and / or for the thermal conditioning of the battery when needed can.
  • the steam engine may in a preferred embodiment have a capacitor.
  • the system can advantageously store cold or heat energy virtually loss-free (for example for auxiliary air conditioning or auxiliary heating).
  • a motor vehicle referred to in the context of the invention in particular mechanically driven vehicles, which are advantageously selected from the group comprising electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, internal combustion engine vehicles or rail vehicles.
  • the size and power of the system can advantageously be varied depending on the motor vehicle.
  • the vapor pressure machine comprises a burner, a steam generator and an expansion machine (expander) and preferably a condenser. It may be preferable to integrate a pump.
  • the working medium is conveyed in the direction of the steam generator, with the stationary steam state between the steam generator and expander being set as a function of the equilibrium condition between mass flow and heat supply on the one hand and the "displacement volume flow" of the expander on the other side
  • the flow rate of the pump and the variable displacement of the expander both usually adjustable via the respective speed, allow the temperature and pressure downstream of the steam generator to be actively controlled and thus optimally adjusted to the currently prioritized application (electrical power, heating or air conditioning).
  • a burner is in the context of the invention, in particular a device for the conversion of chemical energy into thermal energy.
  • a conventional internal combustion engine may also be referred to as a burner.
  • a gaseous (eg propane, butane or natural gas) or liquid (eg gasoline, diesel fuel, fuel oil, kerosene or petroleum) fuel is burned with (air) oxygen in a continuous reaction with heat release.
  • the hot exhaust gases are passed through an outlet in a heat exchanger of the steam generator, where the thermal energy is used to generate steam.
  • the burner is preferably selected from the group comprising pore burners or surface radiation burners.
  • the burner can be made of silicon carbide fibers with extremely low pollutant emissions, which significantly reduces the environmental impact of exhaust gases in the preferred system.
  • the steam generator is in the context of the invention, in particular a heat exchanger, preferably a pipe loop heat exchanger with cross-countercurrent characteristic or a plate heat exchanger.
  • the steam generator is a heat exchanger, which is preferably exposed to an exhaust gas from a burner.
  • the heat energy contained in the exhaust gas is transferred to a working medium, for example water.
  • the steam engine is operated with an organic fluid.
  • an organic fluid can be used in a steam engine.
  • the fluid is vaporizable and condensable, an organic compound or a mixture of organic compounds and has at least methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, iso- Propanol, dimethyl ether, ethyl methyl ether, diethyl ether or an alkane.
  • At least one of the organic compounds or a compound mixture containing at least ethanol, used in a steam engine causes the steam engine to have a higher efficiency than with water as the working fluid. In addition, such a freeze can be prevented in frost.
  • the drive heat of the steam generator comes from a burner.
  • the drive heat can come from a burner that is supplied from a separate gas cylinder, with possibly renewable raw materials or a fuel tank.
  • the drive heat can also come from the cooling water, waste heat, thermal mass of the engine block of the motor vehicle or exhaust gases.
  • the emerging from the steam generator, hot and compressed steam can then be fed to an expander.
  • the steam is decompressed to a lower pressure level while working.
  • the expander which in the sense of the invention can also be referred to as an expansion machine, can advantageously be an axial piston machine, preferably a swash plate axial expander, for example with inlet slide control and outlet slots.
  • the work done can advantageously be used as an auxiliary drive, via a generator, which is preferably connected to the expander, for electrical energy or in another useful manner.
  • the working fluid is supplied from the expander of an adsorption refrigerator, wherein the thermal energy of the condensation of the working fluid (heat of condensation) is used as drive energy for the desorption of the refrigerant. That is, the working fluid is fed to the adsorber / desorber unit, in particular the condenser-adsorber / desorber unit, where it condenses.
  • the heat exchanger of the adsorber / desorber unit, the condenser / adsorber / desorber unit or any other condenser or heat exchanger present in the adsorption chiller can be used.
  • the other adsorber adsorbs and ensures the evaporation gear in the evaporator.
  • This allows for heat absorption at a desired low temperature level (eg 10 ° C for refrigeration).
  • water is used as the refrigerant in the adsorption refrigerating machine. In this way, an ecologically safe refrigerating machine can be provided.
  • the refrigerant water adsorption / desorption occurs under reduced pressure (0 mbar - 200 mbar or higher).
  • the adsorption chiller is designed as a vacuum container. Further, the adsorption chiller is preferably operated at three temperature levels (eg, 90 °, 40 °, 10 °). This temperature triplet determines the performance of the adsorption chiller. At the medium temperature level, heat must be dissipated to the environment, as with conventional chillers.
  • the adsorption occurring in an adsorption machine describes a physical process in which a gaseous refrigerant (in particular water) attaches to a solid, energy being transferred from the refrigerant to the solid during the addition.
  • the desorption of the refrigerant that is, the dissolution of the refrigerant from the solid, again requires energy.
  • the refrigerant which absorbs heat at low temperature and low pressure and releases heat at a higher temperature and pressure, is selected so that the ad- or desorption is accompanied by an aggregate state change.
  • Preferred adsorbents are substances which are finely porous and consequently have a very large internal surface area.
  • Advantageous materials are activated carbon, alumina, aluminum phosphates, silica-aluminum phosphates, metal-silica-aluminum phosphates, mesostructure silicates, metal-organic frameworks and / or microporous material comprising microporous polymers.
  • Preferred adsorption materials are silica oils or zeolites, which due to their large inner surface have the property of absorbing water extremely well. Both materials are frequently used on a large scale as drying agents (packaging inserts, double glazing) but also in the (petrochemical) industry as catalyst carriers or molecular sieves.
  • the adsorption chiller on a cold and / or heat storage.
  • This makes it possible to use the adsorption machine stored heat and / or cold and use it if necessary.
  • adsorber / desorber and evaporator / condenser are accommodated in connected separate containers, one valve in a connection of the container.
  • the desorbed adsorbent then "sucks" the amount of refrigerant set at the valve to saturation, thus removing the heat of vaporization from the evaporator.
  • there is a cold storage that is rechargeable by desorbing the sorbent when needed.
  • variable displacement pumps are preferably used for conveying the liquid or the gas, since in these the displacement volume to be displaced can be adjusted.
  • a variable speed piston pump can be used.
  • the system heat, electricity and / or cold is performed.
  • the power output depends on the power requirement.
  • the operation depends on the required cooling capacity
  • the system may preferably be used to provide heat, cold, power, or combinations thereof, and may be integrated with electric vehicles and / or conventional vehicles. From a fuel may optionally be generated heat, cold, electricity, or combinations thereof.
  • a simple burner supplies a steam cycle, which preferably operates a generator by means of a small expander.
  • This steam engine is coupled with an adsorption machine, in particular an adsorption chiller, which in turn can generate cooling capacity for the air conditioning of the passenger compartment and / or for thermal conditioning of the battery if necessary (cooling or heating of a battery present in the motor vehicle).
  • the system can also be advantageously used for engine preheating.
  • the adsorption technology has the potential to store cold or heat energy almost loss-free (stationary air conditioning and parking heater).
  • the system in particular the Adsorptionskarltemaschine can also be used as a heat pump, in the heat is received at a low temperature and this is transmitted to a heated system with higher temperature (eg, heating the passenger compartment).
  • the system has numerous advantages for conventional vehicles, including: Electrical / mechanical energy and air conditioning of a vehicle with the aid of exhaust heat
  • Components can be distributed in the vehicle
  • Auxiliary units can be electrified (Package)
  • the following advantages of the system for electric vehicles can be mentioned:
  • Fig. 1 Preferred heating and / or cooling system with waste heat recovery
  • Fig. 2 Preferred heating and / or cooling system with its own burner
  • Fig. 1 shows a preferred heating and / or cooling system with exhaust heat utilization.
  • the connections (lines with arrows) between the individual elements symbolize physical connections, such as: B. pipes.
  • the steam generator is supplied with energy from the exhaust gas flow of a heat source, for example an internal combustion engine.
  • the engine may for example be part of a motor vehicle or a stationary device.
  • the steam provided in the steam generator is expanded in an expander and mechanical power is generated.
  • the subsequent condensation can take place either directly in the adsorption machine in a condenser or as shown in the drawing.
  • the heat of condensation is used as drive heat for the desorption process.
  • this medium is supplied via a tank by means of a pump to the steam generator again.
  • the adsorption machine can deliver its waste heat via a radiator to the ambient air or heat the waste heat for engine (pre) heating into the engine cooling circuit.
  • Fig. 2 shows a preferred heating and / or cooling system with its own burner.
  • Exhaust gases from a burner eg. As a cogeneration plant or a motor vehicle are passed through a connection, for example a pipe system in a steam generator, which uses the thermal energy to generate steam.
  • the steam is subsequently expanded in an expander, whereby mechanical power can be generated.
  • the condensation of the vaporous working fluid may either be carried out in a separate condenser of the steam engine or used for desorption of the refrigerant in the adsorption chiller.
  • the heat of condensation is used as drive heat for the desorption process.
  • this medium is supplied via a tank by means of a pump to the steam generator again.
  • the adsorption machine can deliver its waste heat via a radiator to the ambient air or couple the waste heat to the engine (pre) heating in the engine cooling circuit.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de chauffage et/ou de refroidissement comprenant une machine motrice à vapeur et une machine frigorifique à adsorption.
PCT/DE2011/075031 2010-02-24 2011-02-24 Système de chauffage et/ou de refroidissement Ceased WO2011103873A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010009430.7 2010-02-24
DE102010009430 2010-02-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011103873A2 true WO2011103873A2 (fr) 2011-09-01
WO2011103873A3 WO2011103873A3 (fr) 2012-04-26

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Country Link
WO (1) WO2011103873A2 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012012820A1 (de) * 2012-06-28 2014-01-02 Audi Ag Batterieanordnung und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Batterieanordnung für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einer elektrischen Speichereinheit
DE102014212634A1 (de) * 2014-06-30 2015-12-31 Oerlikon Leybold Vacuum Gmbh Öldiffusionspumpe
DE102014212644A1 (de) * 2014-06-30 2015-12-31 Oerlikon Leybold Vacuum Gmbh Diffusionspumpe
DE102014224098A1 (de) * 2014-11-26 2016-06-02 Vaillant Gmbh Brennersystem für ein Kraft-Wärme-Kopplungssystem mit externer Verbrennung
DE102022000431A1 (de) 2022-01-26 2023-07-27 Apodis Gmbh Brennstoffzellensystem für ein Brennstoffzellenfahrzeug

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US6298665B1 (en) * 1996-06-21 2001-10-09 World Fusion Limited Power generating device employing hydrogen absorbing alloys and low heat
JP2001074334A (ja) * 1999-09-03 2001-03-23 Daikin Ind Ltd 冷凍装置
HU0100463D0 (en) * 2001-01-29 2001-03-28 Szopko Mihaly Method and device for absorption heat pumping
DE10231265A1 (de) * 2002-07-10 2004-01-22 Enginion Ag Absorptionswärmepumpe
US20090249802A1 (en) * 2008-04-04 2009-10-08 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Vehicle HVAC and Battery Thermal Management

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012012820A1 (de) * 2012-06-28 2014-01-02 Audi Ag Batterieanordnung und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Batterieanordnung für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einer elektrischen Speichereinheit
DE102012012820B4 (de) * 2012-06-28 2021-01-14 Audi Ag Batterieanordnung und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Batterieanordnung für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einer elektrischen Speichereinheit
DE102014212634A1 (de) * 2014-06-30 2015-12-31 Oerlikon Leybold Vacuum Gmbh Öldiffusionspumpe
DE102014212644A1 (de) * 2014-06-30 2015-12-31 Oerlikon Leybold Vacuum Gmbh Diffusionspumpe
US10337531B2 (en) 2014-06-30 2019-07-02 Leybold Gmbh Diffusion pump to supply heat from a condenser to a heating element
DE102014224098A1 (de) * 2014-11-26 2016-06-02 Vaillant Gmbh Brennersystem für ein Kraft-Wärme-Kopplungssystem mit externer Verbrennung
DE102022000431A1 (de) 2022-01-26 2023-07-27 Apodis Gmbh Brennstoffzellensystem für ein Brennstoffzellenfahrzeug

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