WO2011104031A2 - Module d'accumulation de chaleur latente, dispositif de climatisation, ainsi que procédé de commande pour celui-ci - Google Patents

Module d'accumulation de chaleur latente, dispositif de climatisation, ainsi que procédé de commande pour celui-ci Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011104031A2
WO2011104031A2 PCT/EP2011/000928 EP2011000928W WO2011104031A2 WO 2011104031 A2 WO2011104031 A2 WO 2011104031A2 EP 2011000928 W EP2011000928 W EP 2011000928W WO 2011104031 A2 WO2011104031 A2 WO 2011104031A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air
temperature
latent heat
flow
heat storage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2011/000928
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2011104031A3 (fr
Inventor
Aron Kneer
Cornelius Weisshuhn
Michael Wirtz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TINNIT TECHNOLOGIES GmbH
Original Assignee
TINNIT TECHNOLOGIES GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by TINNIT TECHNOLOGIES GmbH filed Critical TINNIT TECHNOLOGIES GmbH
Priority to EP11708986A priority Critical patent/EP2539662A2/fr
Publication of WO2011104031A2 publication Critical patent/WO2011104031A2/fr
Publication of WO2011104031A3 publication Critical patent/WO2011104031A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/0017—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F28D20/023—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material being enclosed in granular particles or dispersed in a porous, fibrous or cellular structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F28D20/028—Control arrangements therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a latent heat storage module, an air conditioning device comprising a latent heat storage module, and a control method of the air conditioning device.
  • DE 10 2005 051 570 A1 discloses a device for passive temperature stabilization in the interior of a container by means of latent heat storage.
  • the container is double-walled, the existing cavity sealed and filled with a Phasen grillmatenal, such as a paraffin or paraffin mixture whose phase change temperature is within the permissible temperature range for the interior.
  • a Phasen grillmatenal such as a paraffin or paraffin mixture whose phase change temperature is within the permissible temperature range for the interior.
  • an open-pored metal foam to improve the heat transfer to the Phasen grillenal is described.
  • BEST ⁇ TIGUMGSKOPIE Open-pored metal foams can be produced by a modified precision casting process and offer high mechanical strength at low weight and density (www.m-pore.de).
  • PWM phase change material
  • PWM phase change material
  • a latent heat storage module which can be traversed by air, so that a heat exchange between the air and the latent heat storage module can take place, and is suitable, as a retrofit element, in an air conditioning device for to be integrated into a building.
  • Another object is to provide an air conditioning device for a building by means of which the internal temperature of the building can be limited. This object is achieved by an air conditioning device having the features of claim 8. The further object of providing an air conditioning and / or hot water device, which has a high energy efficiency, is disclosed by the apparatus having the features of claim 16.
  • a first embodiment of the invention relates to a latent heat storage module, hereinafter abbreviated to "LWSM", which is provided for heat exchange with a fluid flow passing through the LWSM.
  • Fluid as used herein means a gas such as, in particular, air or water.
  • the LWSM has a plurality of inflatable bodies disposed within a housing. In order to allow the fluid to flow around the body, the housing has a fluid inlet and outlet.
  • PWM phase change material, hereinafter abbreviated as PWM, which in the present case is preferably a paraffin or a paraffin mixture and which carries out a phase change as a function of the temperature. It is filled in containers that form the bodies around it.
  • PWM phase change material
  • the containers may comprise a heat-conducting structure which is arranged in the container and is in contact with the PWM.
  • the heat-conducting structure consists of a heat-conducting material.
  • the heat-conducting structure may be an open-pore metal foam material that is integrated into the containers and whose pores are filled with the PWM.
  • the heat transfer is distributed evenly over the volume of the body, and thereby first the entire PWM contained undergoes the phase transition, before a temperature increase of the liquefied PWM takes place.
  • a web structure in particular a metal web structure can be selected, which extends with radial, axial and / or circumferential webs through the container interior, wherein the areas between the webs are filled with the phase change material.
  • the webs of the web structure may have different lengths and / or wall thicknesses.
  • the PWM may advantageously be a paraffin or a paraffin mixture with a phase change temperature between 25 and 35 ° C; the LWMSs may have the same or different PWMs, at least with respect to their phase change temperature.
  • the bodies may be elongated bodies having a circular, polygonal, rounded, round, oval, teardrop, lamellar, or airfoil-like cross section.
  • the body longitudinal axes are preferably arranged perpendicular to the flow direction.
  • the bodies can be arranged in rows, wherein for a regular flow pattern, the arrangement in evenly spaced rows can be beneficial. Also, depending on the desired flow paths, two adjacent rows may be arranged parallel or offset from each other.
  • the latent heat storage module may be provided for heat exchange with an air flow which flows through the latent heat storage module.
  • the fluid inlet is correspondingly an air inlet and the fluid outlet an air outlet, and the flow direction of the air flow through the latent heat storage module extends between the air inlet and outlet, which are arranged for reasons of efficiency at opposite ends of the housing.
  • the arrangement and shape of the bodies creates many flow paths for the air flow, which according to the invention are designed so that there is an optimized pressure loss of the air flow in relation to the heat exchange.
  • the latent heat storage module according to the invention may also be intended for heat exchange with a liquid stream such as a water stream.
  • the liquid stream then enters the latent heat storage module at a liquid inlet and leaves it at a liquid outlet, wherein a coiled tubing is arranged in each body of the latent heat storage module, which is in fluid communication with the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet via its end portions extending from the container.
  • a coiled tubing is arranged in each body of the latent heat storage module, which is in fluid communication with the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet via its end portions extending from the container.
  • the coiled tubing of a series of adjacent bodies may be interconnected via their end portions, wherein an end portion of a first coiled tubing in series with the liquid inlet and an end portion of a last coiled tubing in series with the liquid outlet are fluidly connected.
  • the latent heat storage module may include a flow distributor device whose inlet is the liquid inlet and which has a plurality of manifold outlets corresponding to the number of coiled tubing rows. The end portions of the first coiled tubing of the coiled tubing rows are connected to the Verteilerauslässen.
  • the latent heat storage module further comprises a collector device whose outlet is quasi the liquid outlet.
  • the accumulator means has a plurality of accumulator inlets corresponding to the number of coiled tubing rows, the end portions of the last coiled tubing of the coiled tubing rows being connected to the accumulator inlets.
  • the latent heat storage module can also be used for heat exchange between a fluid flow and a liquid flow, wherein the flow direction of the fluid flow through the latent heat storage module between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet parallel or perpendicular to the guided through the coiled tubing liquid stream.
  • an embodiment of the invention relates to an air conditioning device comprising an inventive LWSM.
  • an air conditioning device comprising an inventive LWSM.
  • a supply device via which an air flow reaches the LWSM
  • an exhaust device by means of which the air flow can be removed after flowing through the LWSM.
  • the coupling of the LWSM via the air inlet with the supply device and via the air outlet with the discharge device thereby provides a first air channel.
  • the discharge device is fluidly connected to the building, so that the heat-generating exchanged airflow can be directed into the building.
  • the air conditioning device comprises a ventilation device within the first air channel.
  • the supply device can be switchable between a circulating air operating mode and an outside air operating mode by a first closing device, wherein the supply device is connected to the building in the circulating air operating mode and to the environment in the outside air operating mode.
  • the air conditioning device may include a second air channel connecting the exhaust device to the environment.
  • This second air passage is closed by another closing device in the air conditioning operating modes including the recirculating air operating mode and the outdoor air operating mode.
  • This is assigned to the exhaust device and can be switched between the air conditioning operating mode and a reverse operating mode.
  • the reverse mode of operation closes the connection of the exhaust device to the building so that the airflow can flow from the first to the second air duct while the second locking device closes the second air duct for the air conditioning modes of operation so that the airflow can be directed into the building.
  • an embodiment relates to a controlled air-conditioning device, which includes a control device for this purpose. This is operatively coupled to the actuation thereof at least with the first and second closure devices and the ventilation device.
  • the control signals are temperatures which are detected by a plurality of temperature sensors, which are likewise coupled to the control device.
  • temperature sensors are arranged in relation to the flow direction in the air conditioning operation first and a last body, as well as in the building and in the vicinity of the building.
  • An air conditioning device according to the invention can have both an external Lucasansaugturm, which is connected to the supply device, and an exhaust tower, which adjoins the second air duct, wherein between thedreamluftansaugturm and the first closing device of the feeding device, a further, third closing device is arranged.
  • the second air duct may also include a closing device. These two closing devices can then also be coupled to the control device and controlled by them.
  • a control method according to the invention for air-conditioning a building can be carried out using a controlled air-conditioning device comprising an LWSM and first requires detecting the temperatures by means of the above-mentioned temperature sensors and transmitting the detected temperatures to the control device.
  • the basic operating mode is controlled by the controller when the temperature inside the building is less than a predetermined limit internal temperature and the temperatures in the bodies are below a phase change temperature of the PWM.
  • the basic operating mode is characterized in that the ventilation device is switched off and all closing devices are arranged in a position closing the air duct, the closed position.
  • the basic mode of operation provides an airflow bypass to the building bypassing the LWSM, with a ventilation device provided to the building drawing in outside air from the environment, which may also be done via the air conditioning device's aspiration tower.
  • the controller determines that the internal temperature is greater than or equal to or less than the limit internal temperature and whether the temperatures in the bodies above or below the phase change temperature. If the controller determines that the internal temperature is greater than or equal to the internal boundary temperature and the temperatures in the bodies are below the phase change temperature, then it controls a recirculation mode of operation by operating the ventilation device and maintaining the closing position of the closing devices. wherein a flow path of the airflow passes through the first air passage by drawing air from the building through the supply device from the ventilation device, passing it through the LWSM, and returning it to the building through the discharge device. The controller maintains the recirculation mode of operation until the internal temperature is less than the threshold internal temperature or until the temperature in the last body is higher than the phase change temperature.
  • the control device checks in a further step whether the ambient temperature is lower than the phase change temperature, and if this is the case, an outside air operating mode is activated by actuating the ventilation device and arranging the closing device of the supply device and the closing device the supply device and the Jardin Kunststoffansaugturm are driven in an open position, so that the air flow is sucked through the first air duct by sucking air from the environment via the suction tower by the feeding device of the ventilation device, passed through the LWSM and directed by the discharge device into the building while the ventilation provided to the building can draw in indoor air from the building. If, however, the ambient temperature is higher than the phase change temperature, the control device controls the basic operating mode.
  • control method of the present invention may include driving the outdoor air mode of operation if the ambient temperature check has been found to be less than the phase change temperature, and otherwise driving the basic mode of operation if either the indoor temperature is less than the threshold indoor temperature and Temperatures in the bodies are above the phase change temperature or the internal temperature is greater than or equal to the internal boundary temperature and the temperatures in the bodies are above the phase change temperature.
  • the internal limiting temperature is 45 ° C and the phase change temperature is 29 ° C.
  • an embodiment of the control method according to the invention comprises driving the reverse mode of operation when the internal temperature is less than the threshold internal temperature, the temperatures in the bodies are above the phase change temperature, and the ambient temperature is less than the phase change temperature.
  • An air conditioning and / or hot water device also uses the latent heat storage module according to the invention, and also a supply device for a heat-laden fluid flow wherein the supply device is connected to the fluid inlet of the latent heat storage module. Furthermore, an exhaust device for the cooled in the latent heat storage module fluid flow is present, wherein the discharge device is connected to the fluid outlet.
  • Feeder is for a liquid to be heated, which is connected to the liquid inlet.
  • Another discharge device is also provided; it is connected to the heated liquid flow and to the liquid outlet.
  • a PWM can be selected, the phase transition or melting temperature of the desired target temperature of the liquid flow is dependent.
  • a PWM with a phase transition temperature in the range of 65 ° C can be selected.
  • this air conditioning and / or hot water device comprises a control device which is equipped with several temperature sensors.
  • at least one temperature sensor is in a body of each tube coil row and in the additional discharge device arranged.
  • a plurality of check valves are provided, of which at least one is arranged in each of the distributor outlets and the collector inlets.
  • a directional valve which is arranged in the additional or also second supply and removal device allows a flow direction reversal of the liquid flow through the LWSM.
  • the controller is coupled to the temperature sensors and valves, and the temperatures sensed by the temperature sensors provide control signals to the controller to control the valves.
  • Another inventive control method is used to operate the controlled air conditioning and / or hot water device according to the invention. It includes the steps:
  • control method further comprises checking the temperature of the selected coiled tubing row and, upon detecting a decrease in temperature below a predetermined value, re-performing steps B) through F).
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of an LWSM
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional side view of an LWSM
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an air conditioning device from above
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of an air conditioning device
  • 5a, 5b, 5c and 5d respectively the closing and open position of the closing devices of the air conditioning device with the flow paths
  • 6a shows the building to be air conditioned with temperature measuring points
  • Fig. 6b an LWSM with temperature measuring points
  • FIG. 10 shows a plan view of the LWSM from FIG. 9 additionally with flow distributor and collector as well as return circulation, FIG.
  • FIG. 12 a shows a cross section through a body of the LWSM with a tube spiral arranged therein
  • 12b is a plan view of the coiled tubing in the body of the LWSM
  • FIG. 13a shows a perspective sectional view of an alternative to the metal foams heat conduction structure, which consists of evenly spaced, longitudinal, radial and circumferential webs same wall thickness,
  • FIG. 13b is a perspective view of a web structure as a heat conduction structure, but here both lengths and wall thicknesses of the various radial, axial and circumferential webs vary,
  • FIG. 14 shows an air conditioning and / or hot water device, which uses an inventive LWSM according to FIG. 9, 10 or 11, which show two different discharge variants,
  • 16a shows an alternative arrangement
  • 16b shows a flow chart of a control method for the arrangement of FIG. 16a
  • FIG. 16b shows a flow chart of a control method for the arrangement of FIG. 16a
  • the LWSM according to the invention is suitable for being integrated in an air-conditioning device according to plan or subsequently, wherein the PWM can be selected as a function of a desired maximum interior temperature.
  • Such an LWSM can be connected upstream of an existing air-conditioning device in order, for. For example, pre-cool hot outside air before a conventional air conditioner performs more cooling, which then requires less energy.
  • the integration of an LWSM with a geothermal heat exchanger system can be cited, in which the ground cooled air can be led through the downstream LWSM for further cooling.
  • An LWSM according to the invention contains as latent heat storage medium a paraffin or a paraffin mixture as PWM, by means of which the temporal dependence of a temperature course of the day can be intercepted.
  • a paraffin or paraffin mixture as PWM, by means of which the temporal dependence of a temperature course of the day can be intercepted.
  • the latent heat of fusion, solution heat or heat of absorption is substantially greater than the specific heat capacity of the same amount of a substance without phase transformation.
  • the use of a paraffin or paraffin mixture as PWM offers the advantage that the phase change temperature can be determined within certain limits by suitable selection of the paraffins.
  • paraffins have a high specific phase change energy, a high thermal conductivity above the phase change temperature and a low thermal conductivity below.
  • the LWSM can buffer the different outside temperatures during the daytime by extracting heat from the hot outside air during the daytime by melting the paraffin and thus providing cooled air for air conditioning while at night the heat stored in the LWSM solidifies the paraffin into the cool night air can be transferred, and these if necessary, can be used to heat the building, or simply released into the environment, so that the PWM of the LWSM is ready for use again the next day.
  • this can be surrounded by an open-cell metal foam.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically an inventive LWSM 10, which comprises a housing 2 with an air inlet 3 and an air outlet 4.
  • the Umströmungsterrorism 1 may be cylindrical, as can be seen in the side view in Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 1 it is shown that the Umströmungsêt 1 of the three rows are arranged offset from one another, with a quasi “dense packing" is provided, the Umströmungs redesign 1, however, do not touch, but a net-like structure of flow paths for the air flow L between
  • the thick arrow of the air flow L at the air inlet 3 symbolizes the higher inlet temperature Tein, in contrast to the cooled to T from air flow L at the air outlet 4, which is symbolized by the thinner arrow.
  • Fig. 2 The side view of Fig. 2 it can be seen that the flow around cylinder 1, here there are six in a row, are arranged vertically in the housing 2, which here has a cover 2 ', so that the flow around the cylinder 1 during assembly of the LWSMs 10 simple placed in the housing 2 and in the ground with a fastener, here a pin 8 can be attached. Then the cover 2 'can be placed and the flow around cylinder 1 are also attached there with a pin 8.
  • the order flow cylinder 1, which consist of a metallic cylindrical container 6 which is filled with the PWM 5, for example a paraffin, in their end faces have a corresponding receiving device such as a thread, in which the pin can engage.
  • an insulating layer 7 is provided, which is present here in the form of a rubber disc whose diameter is the Umströmungszylinder first corresponds and has a passage for the fastener 8.
  • an open-pore metal foam structure may be inserted, the pores are filled with the PWM 5.
  • a temperature sensor 23 is shown in FIG. 2, the sensor of which protrudes into a first flow-around cylinder 1 in the flow direction of the air flow L for detecting the temperature of the PWM 5.
  • a through-hole for example with an internal thread, can be provided on the front side of the flow-through cylinder 1 in order to be able to introduce and fasten the sensor.
  • the housing 2 or the cover 2 'must also have a bore in order to be able to introduce the temperature sensor 23.
  • This and other temperature sensors can be coupled to a control device for controlling an air conditioning device with LWSM, as will be described in detail later with reference to FIG. 7.
  • the flow bodies are cylindrical, they are generally not limited to this shape.
  • a cylindrical tube offers a good compromise between the ease of manufacture, handling and assembly and the flow lines formed around and between the bypass bodies.
  • other tube cross-sections for use as a flow body are also conceivable, so polygonal or oval, but also asymmetrical shapes can be selected similar to a drop or a Trag lakequeritessform, which can reduce the pressure loss in their arrangement in the "flow channel" of the LWSMs by appropriate streamline guide the production of a container with such a form associated with increased effort.
  • the illustrated arrangement of the Umströmungsêt in three rows with five o- or six Umströmungsvenez should not limit the scope of protection, but merely exemplify an embodiment of the invention.
  • a different number of rows and their arrangement relative to each other can be useful.
  • an offset arrangement of the Body advantageous two adjacent rows, the rows can be perpendicular to or along the flow direction.
  • the required shape and arrangement of the Umströmungs redesign thus depends on the one hand on the predetermined air flow, on the other hand from the cooling capacity to be achieved, wherein the shape and arrangement of the Umströmungs redesign should be connected simultaneously with the lowest possible pressure loss.
  • cylindrical flow bodies 1 which are inserted according to an arrangement shown in FIG. 1 into a housing 2 with a rectangular cross-section, have proved to be advantageous, since a low pressure loss with good heat transfer can thereby be provided.
  • the flow around cylinder 1 have a diameter of 0.2 m.
  • the central axis of two adjacent in a series Umströmungszylinder 1 are spaced 0.22 m, so that a narrowest distance between two adjacent in a row Umströmungszylindern 1 is 0.02 m.
  • the center axes of the circulating cylinders 1 of the middle row are offset by 0.11 m in the flow direction relative to the center axes of the outer rows, corresponding to half the distance between two adjacent flow cylinders 1.
  • the offset of the center axes of two adjacent rows is approximately 0.19 m, while the center axes of the outer rows are spaced from the housing 2 by 0.12 m.
  • the central axes of the first cycle Linder 1 of the outer rows are located at a distance of about 0.19 m to the air inlet 3.
  • At the narrowest points between the Umströmungszy- lindern 1 and the housing inner wall there is a maximum speed of about 17.85 m / s while the average speed at the air inlet and outlet at 1, 6 m / s
  • the housing 2, 2 ' can be provided with a flange or rebate on the air inlet 3 and the air outlet 4, as can be seen in FIG. 2, which can also be circumferential. Holes for attachment to fittings of the air conditioning need not be introduced, these can advantageously be drilled according to the counterparts only locally.
  • Such an air-conditioning device 20 is shown in perspective in FIG. 3 and in a schematic plan view in FIG. 4.
  • the illustrated air-conditioning device 20 can be used for air-conditioning of an inverter building, wherein the device 20 can be accommodated in the basement of this inverter building except for the towers 18, 19 for drawing in outside air from the environment or for discharging exhaust air.
  • connecting pieces penetrate to the towers 18,19 a basement wall 26, which is indicated in Fig. 3.
  • the towers 8, 19 may be directly adjacent to the building, or adjoining it, or even protrude from the ground at a distance therefrom.
  • the air-conditioning device 20 is arranged as a horseshoe-shaped air duct with a rectangular cross section, so that the intake and exhaust tower 18, 19 are arranged adjacent to one another.
  • this form of air conditioning device 20 is not mandatory, depending on the structural conditions of the building to be air conditioned, the air conditioning device may for example be designed as a linear or as a bent by a certain angle air duct, so that the towers for intake air and exhaust air on different sides of Building can be arranged spaced from each other.
  • various channel elements are provided for connecting the components of the air conditioning device 20 such as the suction tower 18 and the feeder 21, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, various channel elements are provided.
  • the intake tower 18 is followed by a corner piece and a rectangular channel piece.
  • the passage through the basement wall 26 is circular in shape, there is a round tube section, which by means of two sections which provide an Ü-transition from round to rectangular or square, both with the rectangular channel piece to the suction tower 18 out as well as with a Rectangular channel piece within the cell wall 26 is connected.
  • These rectangular channel pieces may also be channel pieces with a square cross section.
  • a closing device 14 with which a bypass opening (see block arrow B, FIG. 3) can be opened or closed to the building.
  • the feed device 21 connects to the first rectangular channel piece via a trapezoidal connection piece, the cross section of the air channel remaining the same, while the trapezoidal connection piece deflects the direction of the air channel outwards to form the "horseshoe".
  • the delivery device 21 is connected via a further connection piece to the diffuser 12, which is adjoined by the LWSM 10, the diffuser 12 bridging the change in cross section from the delivery device 21 to the LWSM 10.
  • a channel element which includes the ventilation device 1 1, connects to, which is then connected via a manifold element with the discharge device 22.
  • Corresponding channel elements and connecting pieces are arranged symmetrically in the second branch of the air-conditioning device 20, as can be seen from FIG. 3 and in particular from FIG. 4, in which the symmetry axis of the air-conditioning device 20 is shown.
  • the first air duct of the air-conditioning device 20 is placed between the supply device 21 and the discharge device 22, between which the LWSM 10 is arranged.
  • An axial fan 1 1 provides as a ventilation device for the air flow L through the LWSM 10.
  • the diffuser 12 is arranged for slowing down the air flow and increasing the pressure, which provides a continuous change in cross section between the feeding device 21, which has a smaller cross-sectional area, and the LWSM 10 with the larger cross-sectional area.
  • Both the supply device 21 and the discharge device 22 are equipped with a flap 15,16 (shown dotted) as a closing device.
  • the flap 15 of the feeding device 21 can be folded around a horizontal axis K1, see also FIG.
  • the closed position S2 of the flap 15 shown in FIG. 3 enables a recirculation mode of operation by opening a connector (not shown) to the building, indicated by the block arrow for the airflow L Te in, and indoor air from the building into the air conditioning device 20 Axial fan 11 is sucked.
  • the flap 15 closes the air duct to the intake tower 18 out.
  • the flap 15 will close the coupling of the feeding device 21 with the building and open the air channel to the suction tower 18.
  • the flap 16 of the discharge device 22 is also located in the closed position S2 (see Fig. 5b) in the recirculation operating mode in which the air flow discharged through the passage of the LWSM 10 is conveyed via a fluidic connection, for example further Tube elements (not shown) leads back into the building.
  • the flap 16 closes a second branch, or air duct, of the air-conditioning device 20, which is provided for a reverse operating mode when the PWM of the LWSM is liquefied, and which will be explained in detail later.
  • the recirculation mode of operation represents an air conditioning mode of operation in which the air flow L from the feeder 21 through the LWSM 10 to the discharge device 22, and from there into the building.
  • Another air conditioning mode of operation is provided by the outdoor air mode of operation (not shown), where the feeder 21 is coupled to the environment, ie, the flap 15 of the feeder 21 is placed in the open position S1, so that the supply from the building is interrupted and the air duct is opened to the intake tower 18.
  • the third closing device, flap 14, which is located between the feeding device 21 and the suction tower 18, is also pivoted into the open position S1.
  • the third flap 14 which is pivotable about a vertically arranged axis K3 (see Fig. 4 and 5c), shown dotted in its closed position S2, in which it closes the air passage and a side opening releases, which provides direct connection between the suction tower 18 and the building.
  • an air flow L B in a basic mode or bypass mode from the environment in bypass to the LWSM 10 can be fed directly into the building, for example, if the PWM of the LWSMs 10 is completely liquefied, or even the outside temperature is sufficiently low.
  • the second branch as seen in FIG. 4 and described above, is configured symmetrically with respect to the first branch comprising the LWSM 10, such that the second air channel has a nozzle 13 and 12 in equivalence with the diffuser 12 of the first branch instead of the LWSM 10 has a rectangular channel element.
  • the reverse phase transition the solidification of the PWM
  • the air conditioning unit 20 can be performed at the cooler night temperatures by switching the air conditioning unit 20 to the reverse mode.
  • the flaps 14, 5,16 close the connections to the building and the fourth flap 17 opens the second air duct.
  • the axial fan 11 draws in the cool outside air via one of the two towers 18, 19, so that the cool air during the passage of the LWSM 10 can absorb the heat of solidification of the PWM, which then reaches the surroundings via the other of the two towers 18, 19 can be delivered.
  • the heated night air can not be dissipated to the environment by placing the flap 16 of the exhaust device 22 in the closed position S2 Be directed to the building.
  • the air-conditioning device 20 is operated in the outside air operating mode.
  • the ventilation device 11 may also be conceivable for the ventilation device 11 to be designed such that it can also reverse a flow direction of the air flow, so that the exhaust tower 19 of the second branch can function as an outside air intake tower when the flaps 16 and 17 are arranged in the open position S1, and the flow of air heated by receiving the latent heat after flowing through the LWSM 10 can flow into the building either via the feeder 21 when the flap 15 is in the closed position S2, or when the flaps 14 and 15 are in the open position S1 Suction tower 18, which now serves as an exhaust tower to be discharged.
  • the air-conditioning device 20 comprises a control or regulating device which controls the positions S1, S2 of the flaps 14,15,16,17, which are shown in Fig. 5a to 5d, temperature-dependent.
  • Fig. 5a shows a side view of the flap 15 of the feeder 21, which is sucked around the projecting into the plane folding axis K1 between the air channel closing position S2, in which the air flow Lu in the recirculation mode from the building, and the open position S1 for the outside air operating mode with the symbolized by a dashed arrow outside airflow LA is switchable.
  • Fig. 5b shows analogously to Fig.
  • the flap 16 of the discharge device 22 which also about a projecting into the plane of projection folding axis K2 between the (second) air channel occluding position S2, in which the air flow L in the air conditioning operation, be it recirculation or outdoor air operation, till in the building - is performed, and the open position S1 for the reverse operation mode with the symbolized by a dashed arrow reverse operating air flow L 'is switchable.
  • the flap 14 can be seen in a plan view, which is located between the suction tower 18 and the feeder.
  • the flap 14 is about projecting into the plane of view folding axis K3 between the air channel occluding position S2, in which a bypass air flow LB can be guided directly into the building, and the open position S1 for the outside air operating mode with the symbolized by a dashed arrow outside air flow L.
  • a switchable. 5c the flap 17 is shown in the second air channel, which can be pivoted from the air channel closing position S2 for the reverse operation in the open position S1, so that the reverse operating air flow L 'through the exhaust tower 19 can be dissipated to the environment.
  • FIGS. 6 a and 6 b illustrate the arrangement of the temperature sensors, which are coupled to a corresponding control device for controlling the air-conditioning device.
  • the air-conditioned building 25 is shown symbolized, the internal temperature Tinnen is detected by means of one of the temperature sensors.
  • the ambient temperature T aU SEN is sensed by another temperature sensor.
  • Also shown in Fig. 6a is provided on the building 25 ventilation device 24, by means of which directly outside air can be sucked, in particular via the intake tower 18, when the third flap 14 is present in the closed position S2 and thus the bypass connection B (see. Fig. 3 or Fig. 5c) opens.
  • the ventilation device 24 may be operated to draw indoor air from the building 25 and to discharge it into the environment.
  • the arrangement of a filter device is included Outside air supply meaningful to provide the conditioned air substantially dust and dirt.
  • a filter device can advantageously be arranged in an outside air intake device, for example the outside air intake tower, where it is also easily accessible and interchangeable if required.
  • the LWSM 10 is sketched with the temperature sensors arranged there.
  • a temperature sensor 23 is arranged to detect the temperature T L wsi of the PWM in a first body 1 relative to the flow direction of the air flow L, another temperature sensor for detecting the temperature T L ws 2 is located in one of the last bodies 1 with respect to FIG flow direction.
  • other temperature sensors can also be provided, so a temperature sensor can detect the temperature T e m at the air inlet 3 and a temperature sensor the temperature T aU s at the air outlet 4.
  • FIG. 7 shows a flow chart of the control method required for this purpose.
  • a first, not shown step A of the method refers to the detection of said temperatures.
  • the indoor temperature Tnnen of the building is below an internal boundary temperature of, for example, 45 ° C
  • the PWM which is present a paraffin or paraffin mixture, solidified exists, ie the temperatures in the first and last body TLW SI and T L ws2 below the phase change temperature are, which is here, for example, 29 ° C, so controls the control device in step B to a basic operating mode, in which the ventilation device 11 is turned off and all flaps 14,15,16,17 are arranged in the closed position S2.
  • the bypass port is released to the building, so that the building fan 24 directly sucks outside air through the suction tower 18 where the outside air passes through a filter device, and thus also corresponds to a bypass mode of operation, since the outside air bypasses the LWSM 10 of the air conditioner - guiding device 20 is guided.
  • the subsequent interrogation cycle of the temperatures detected by means of the temperature sensors can be carried out by the control device in a predetermined time interval, for example in a one-minute cycle.
  • the interior temperature Tinnen and paraffin temperatures TLWSI and TLWS2 in the first and last body 1 are now regularly interrogated and compared with the limit internal temperature T Gr and phase change temperature of the paraffin Tpc, which corresponds to step C of the method.
  • the axial fan 11 is actuated and provides for the air flow L from the building via the feeder 21 through the LWSM 10 via the discharge device 22 back into the building.
  • the melting of the paraffin begins, since the temperature Tinnen of the supplied indoor air is higher than the phase change temperature Tpc.
  • the temperature of the PWM remains constant at the phase change temperature T P c until the entire material has liquefied. The heat required for the melting process is removed from the air and cools the air accordingly.
  • This recirculation operating mode is maintained until either the interior temperature ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ below the limit internal temperature Ter of 45 ° C off is lowered or until the paraffin temperature in the last body over the phase change temperature Tp C, for example, greater than or equal to 30 ° C.
  • the latter means that the paraffin is completely liquefied, and thus a further heat is not useful, since in this case only the capacitive effect would be used by further increase in the paraffin temperature, but disadvantageously would have to be deprived of more heat to solidify.
  • the outdoor temperature T au . is queried by the controller in step E). If the outside temperature T out below the phase change temperature of here 29 ° C, the controller switches the air conditioning device 20 to the outside air operating mode, but if the outside temperature T out is above the phase change temperature of 29 ° C, then no solidification of the PWM is possible and Control device switches the air conditioning device 20 to the basic or bypass mode.
  • the outside air operating mode can also be activated by the control device if the interior temperature T inn en is smaller than the limit internal temperature Ter and the paraffin temperatures TLW S I and TLW S 2 are greater than the phase change temperature T P c, ie above 30 ° C lie.
  • the control device checks according to step E) whether the outside temperature Tau call is greater than or equal to or less than the phase change temperature of 29 ° C; as the outside air mode is switched only when the outside temperature T au SEN is below the phase change temperature of 29 ° C, otherwise, control means switches the air-conditioning device in the basic operation mode.
  • the outside air mode of operation is to query the outside temperature T au SEN according to step e) even from the Steuerungseinrich- triggered when the indoor temperature T in nen greater than or equal to the internal boundary temperature Tor and the paraffin temperatures T L wsi and TLWS2 are above the phase change temperature T PC .
  • the ventilation device 11 draws the air flow sucked into the air conditioning device 20 from the environment by arranging the first door 15 in the feeder 21, the third door 14 between the feeder 21 and the suction tower 18 in the open position S1, and is discharged into the building through the arrangement of the second flap 16 of the discharge device 22 in the closed position S2.
  • the building fan 24 can suck in indoor air, and possibly dissipate to the environment.
  • the listed process steps are primarily intended for daytime operation, in which increased outside temperatures and solar radiation can cause an excessive increase in indoor temperatures.
  • the control device at night can control a reverse mode of operation which allows a function reverse to the phase transition, so that the liquefied PWM can be solidified in a single process step F, when the indoor temperature is Tj nne n of the boundary-internal temperature T Gr, paraffin temperatures TLWSI and TLWS2 above and the outside temperature Tau health below the phase change temperature T P c are.
  • the ventilation device 11 is put into operation, and transferred all the flaps 14,15,16,17 between the two towers 18,19 in the open position S1, so that the air passage between the towers through the LWSM 10 runs, and the cool night air there ensures the solidification of the PWM.
  • FIG. 8 an open-cell metal foam material 5 'is shown, which has a low density, combined with a high specific rigidity and strength, due to the many pores and the resulting void content. It is suitable for use in the present invention.
  • metals such as aluminum or copper, which have high thermal conductivity, in combination with the paraffin PWM, can combine the good thermal conductivity of the metal with the high specific storage capacity of the paraffin.
  • the 10 ppi (pores per inch) aluminum metal foam shown in Figure 8 has a relative density of 10%.
  • metal foams with deviating ppi ratios or relative densities.
  • 20 ppi metal foams can also be used without greatly reducing the total storage capacity due to the associated reduction in the paraffin content in the storage body.
  • a web structure 5 ' can be used as the heat-conducting structure in the bodies 1, which directs the heat into the interior of the body 1 in a targeted manner.
  • Such web structures 5 ' are shown in FIGS. 13a and 13b, which may be equally distributed longitudinal webs as well as radial and circumferential webs with the same wall thickness (FIG. 13a) in order to improve the targeted heat conduction, the radial , circumferential and longitudinal webs but also vary in their wall thickness and their length, as shown in Fig. 13b can be seen.
  • the heat-conducting structures may generally be made of a good heat-conducting metal or metal alloy, but there are also ceramic materials or carbon-based materials in question. So far, the LWSM has been described in connection with the air conditioning of a building, so the LWSM according to the invention can also be used in a further embodiment for the heating of water.
  • a paraffin or paraffin mixture used for this purpose can, for example, depending on the desired target temperature of the water, for example
  • a coiled tube 30, as outlined in FIGS. 12 a and 12 b, is integrated into the body 1. About the end portions 33 of the tube coil 30, the liquid to be heated or the heated liquid can be removed.
  • the space 32, in which the coiled tubing 30 is arranged in the body 1, may be filled with the PWM 5, but it may also be filled with metal chips or a metal wool mixture.
  • Fig. 12a and 12b the end portions 33 through the centrally guided tube on the same side of the container 6 of the body 1 out, in this construction, equipped with the coiled tubing 30 body 1 in a LWSM 10, as shown in Fig. 9 , be used in which the tube coils 30 of the individual bodies 1 are connected in series with each other, wherein in Fig. 9 five rows of coiled tubing are shown.
  • the LWSM in FIG. 9 is made up of five submodules, each of which accommodates five bodies 1, which are arranged offset from one another.
  • These submodules can be easily coupled together, so that the latent heat storage module 10 can be easily constructed in the desired size and thus storage capacity by the housing segments 2 'of the sub-modules and the end portions 33 of the coiled tubing are connected in series.
  • the individual submodules can be mounted on rollers so that they can be easily moved and placed relative to each other and, in addition, the entire latent heat storage module 10 can be moved.
  • the entire housing 2 leaves the fluid inlet 3 open, through which a heated fluid can be introduced in order to be able to remove the heat in the bodies 1, which in turn can be used to heat the fluid in the tube coils.
  • the cooled fluid then exits after passing through the body 1 through the fluid outlet 4.
  • the fluid may be a gas such as air or a liquid such as heated water.
  • the liquid to be heated For example, it can be water.
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 show a variant of the body 1, in which the end sections 33 of the coiled tubing 30 extend from opposite end faces of the body 1.
  • the connection of the coiled tubing in FIG. 10 therefore takes place in a row of coiled tubing on alternating sides.
  • this design allows with the end portions 33 on both sides of the body 1, not only the arrangement of a plurality of body 1 side by side and behind each other, but also one above the other, as shown in Fig. 1.
  • FIG. 10 also shows how the rows of coiled tubing are connected via the end sections 33 of the respectively first and last coiled tubing of a row to the distributor outlets 34 'of a flow distributor 34 or the collector inlets 35' of a flow collector 35.
  • the flow distributor 34 receives the liquid flow W via a liquid inlet 3 ', which is connected to a liquid feed device 43, which here has a pump 31.
  • the flow collector 35 in turn is connected via the liquid outlet 4 'with a liquid discharge device 44 in connection, which can lead to a consumer as sketched in Fig. 14.
  • a return circulation 50 is further outlined with pump 51, which allows a circulation of the liquid through the coiled tubing when about the consumer is turned off and a further loading of the LWSMs 10 by warm air or water is possible.
  • the arrangement shown in FIG. 11 for the preparation of hot water is also suitable for flowing through with a warm fluid, such as may come from the CHP unit shown in FIG.
  • the waste heat of the block heating power station CHP in FIG. 14 is supplied to the fluid inlet 3 of the LWSM 10 via the fluid supply device 41 and, after passing through the LWSM 10, the cooled fluid is returned via the fluid outlet 4 and the fluid discharge device 42.
  • the discharge side of the LWSM 10 extends through the rows of coiled tubing as outlined in FIGS. 9, 10, 11 and the following FIGS. 15, 16a, 17 and 18.
  • a cold liquid, at- For example, water is supplied via the supply device 43 to the liquid inlet 3 ', from which then via a flow distributor 34, as shown in FIGS.
  • the cold water stream is distributed into the various tube spiral rows, which each have check valves 46 in the distributor outlet sections 34 '.
  • the outlet side at which the collector inlets 35 'lead via a flow collecting device 35 or an arrangement of T-pieces via the liquid outlet 4' to the liquid discharge device 44, looks accordingly.
  • Also in the collector inlets 35 'check valves 46 are arranged.
  • a directional valve 47 is arranged, with which the flow direction can be reversed by the coiled tubing rows, so that distributor becomes a collector and vice versa.
  • a pump 31 is provided in the liquid supplying device 43.
  • the discharge device 44 may supply the hot water to a consumer 45, such as a radiator, which releases the heat, so that the cooled water again enters the supply device 43, but it can not, as in Fig. 14 in the variant shown on the right, the hot water be provided in the circuit.
  • a consumer 45 such as a radiator
  • Fig. 16a which substantially corresponds to the arrangement described in Fig. 15.
  • the fluid flow between the inlets 3 and 4 takes place parallel to the liquid flow through the coiled tubing rows
  • the fluid guidance from inlet 3 to outlet 4 takes place transversely to the coiled tubing rows.
  • T 2 , T 7 , ⁇ - ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 7 , T22 the arrangement of temperature sensors shown in the bodies, where the numbers 2, 7, 12, 17, 22 carry.
  • a temperature sensor for detecting the local temperature T A is provided in the liquid discharge device 44. The operation of the latent heat storage 10 is carried out by controlling the loading and unloading.
  • the PWM contained in the bodies 1 is heated by the release of the heat energy contained in the heated fluid.
  • the heated fluid the if the LWSM flows from inlet 3 to outlet 4 or in the opposite direction, it can be warm waste water or heated air or exhaust air.
  • a plurality of rows of pipe runs can be controlled simultaneously, it is also conceivable to use different rows of pipe runs with different melting temperatures of the PWM. So also different applications with uneven temperatures can be carried out.
  • the control of the discharge of the temperatures T 2 to T 2 2 in the bodies 1 depends.
  • a temperature sensor is arranged in each case in a body 1 in a coiled tubing row, it is possible for a plurality of temperature sensors, and these multiple temperature sensors can moreover also be used at several locations.
  • the check valves 46 and the directional control valve 47 are electrically controlled. If the consumer is turned on, ie hot water is required for consumption or in the heating, 31 water is promoted by activating a pump. Previously, the controller measures which pipe coil row is loaded at its highest, that is, which of the temperatures T 2 to T22 is the highest. This tube coil row is then controlled by the associated check valves 46 are driven and opened.
  • All other check valves 46 are closed. If the temperature in the body of the selected coiled tubing row falls below a predetermined value, the system switches over to the next row of coiled tubing, whereby again the row of coiled tubing is selected which is the highest loaded or has the highest temperature. Accordingly, the check valves 46 are switched. If the consumer 45 is deactivated, the pump is also deactivated and all stop valves 46 are closed. If the consumer is reactivated, the flow direction of the water is changed by the coiled tubing row by the directional control valve 47 changes its position. This ensures that the latent heat storage is discharged in both directions. This control method is shown in FIG. 16b.
  • FIG. 17 and 18 illustrate further control variants, the flow have dividing means 34 and flow collecting means 35, instead of the tees and the check valves, and which have the advantages of uniform flow through all channels and a low control effort and lower flow resistance due to the smaller flow velocities.
  • the fluid flow between inlet and outlet 3,4 and the liquid flow through the rows of coiled tubing are performed in parallel
  • the fluid flow between the inlet and outlet 3,4 is transverse to the liquid flow through the coiled tubing rows.
  • the variant with T-pieces and shut-off valves offers the advantages of controlling individual channels, so that the modules can be adapted to specific applications, using only standard components and no expensive special components, such as flow distributors.
  • the change of direction via the directional control valve of the water also requires less energy input here.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des modules d'accumulation de chaleur latente (10) destinés à effectuer un échange thermique avec au moins un flux de fluide (L, W) qui parcourt le module d'accumulation de chaleur latente (10). Le module d'accumulation de chaleur latente (10) comprend une pluralité de corps (1) implantés dans un boîtier (2) et baignés par le fluide ; le boîtier (2) possède au moins une entrée de fluide (3, 3') et une sortie de fluide (4, 4') pour le flux de fluide (L). Les corps (1) sont des récipients (6) remplis d'une paraffine ou d'un mélange de paraffines constituant le matériau à changement de phase (5) et les corps (1) possèdent une structure de conduction thermique (5') qui est disposée dans le récipient (6) et qui est en contact avec le matériau à changement de phase (5), la structure de conduction thermique (5') étant faite dans un matériau thermoconducteur. L'invention concerne en outre un dispositif de climatisation (20) pour un immeuble (25) et un équipement de climatisation et/ou de production d'eau chaude (40) qui utilisent le module d'accumulation de chaleur latente (10) ; ainsi que des procédés de commande adéquats pour les équipements de climatisation (20, 40).
PCT/EP2011/000928 2010-02-26 2011-02-25 Module d'accumulation de chaleur latente, dispositif de climatisation, ainsi que procédé de commande pour celui-ci Ceased WO2011104031A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

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EP11708986A EP2539662A2 (fr) 2010-02-26 2011-02-25 Module d'accumulation de chaleur latente, dispositif de climatisation, ainsi que procédé de commande pour celui-ci

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DE102010009553.2 2010-02-26
DE102010009553A DE102010009553A1 (de) 2010-02-26 2010-02-26 Latentwärmespeichermodul, Klimatisierungseinrichtung und Steuerungsverfahren derselben

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WO2011104031A3 WO2011104031A3 (fr) 2012-05-31

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DE102010009553A1 (de) 2011-09-01
WO2011104031A3 (fr) 2012-05-31

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