WO2012007613A1 - Dispositif pour la démonstration expérimentale de la réfraction négative à la fréquence micro-ondes, destiné à l'enseignement des métamatériaux - Google Patents

Dispositif pour la démonstration expérimentale de la réfraction négative à la fréquence micro-ondes, destiné à l'enseignement des métamatériaux Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2012007613A1
WO2012007613A1 PCT/ES2011/000230 ES2011000230W WO2012007613A1 WO 2012007613 A1 WO2012007613 A1 WO 2012007613A1 ES 2011000230 W ES2011000230 W ES 2011000230W WO 2012007613 A1 WO2012007613 A1 WO 2012007613A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
handed
prism
teaching
negative
microwave frequency
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/ES2011/000230
Other languages
English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
María del Castillo VELÁZQUEZ AHUMADA
Manuel José FREIRE ROSALES
Ricardo Marques Sillero
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Universidad de Sevilla
Original Assignee
Universidad de Sevilla
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universidad de Sevilla filed Critical Universidad de Sevilla
Publication of WO2012007613A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012007613A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/06—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
    • G09B23/14—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for acoustics
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N22/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/06—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/06—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
    • G09B23/22—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for optics

Definitions

  • the present invention consists precisely of a device for the experimental demonstration of the phenomenon of negative refraction to microwave frequency oriented to the teaching of metamaterials.
  • the objective of the demonstration is to verify the negative deviation that a microwave beam experiences when passing through a prism made from a "left-handed” means.
  • an angle of incidence is set and the resulting angle of refraction is measured.
  • the angles of refraction obtained by measuring the prism of "left-handed” material and a cousin of ordinary or "right-handed” material such as PVC or polyethylene are compared, observing that a negative angle is obtained for the "left-handed” prism and a positive angle for the ordinary or "right-handed” prism.
  • the incident microwave beam is generated with a horn-type microwave emitting antenna.
  • the refracted angle is determined by measuring the refracted beam with another receiving horn. Once the incident angle and the refracted angle are known, it is possible to deduce the value of the refractive index for the working frequency of the medium studied simply by applying Snell's law.
  • the "left-handed" medium manufactured by Smith consists of a three-dimensional network of metal wires that provide an isotropic ⁇ ⁇ 0, that is, in the three directions of space, and a three-dimensional network of open metal ring resonators that they provide a ⁇ ⁇ 0 also isotropic. This medium is very complex, so it is not very suitable for mass production in order to be used in experimental demonstrations for the teaching field.
  • the "left-handed” medium that is part of the present invention is of greater simplicity and of easier manufacturing, which will allow its diffusion as a demonstrative element in teaching practice.
  • Said "left-handed” means basically a set of flat and stacked metal surfaces in the middle of which sheets containing a two-dimensional network of open metal ring resonators that can be manufactured by conventional photogravure techniques for obtaining circuits are introduced.
  • Each pair of adjacent metal surfaces constitutes a parallel plate waveguide that provides a ⁇ ⁇ 0 for working frequencies below the guide cutoff frequency, which is imposed by the separation between the two surfaces. This ⁇ ⁇ 0 is for electric fields directed parallel to the metal surfaces.
  • the two-dimensional ring network provides a ⁇ ⁇ 0 in the direction perpendicular to the network, that is, perpendicular to the metal surfaces. Therefore, the proposed "left-handed" medium does not provide ⁇ ⁇ 0 and ⁇ ⁇ 0 in all directions of space, that is, it is an anisotropic medium.
  • this anisotropic character which is due to the simplicity of the design, does not present any problem since the experimental demonstration of the negative refraction to the microwave frequency that is proposed makes use of conventional microwave transmitting and receiving speakers whose radiation consists in flat waves with electric and magnetic fields directed precisely in the directions in which the proposed "left-handed" means offers ⁇ ⁇ 0 and ⁇ ⁇ 0.
  • Figure 1 shows the complete assembly of the experimental demonstration, which consists of a transmitter horn 1 that radiates with a horizontally polarized electric field as indicated 2, a receiving horn 3, a support 4 to hold a left-handed prism of material.
  • the "left-handed” or negative refractive index prism 5 consists of several identical layers each of which consists of several parts detailed in Figure 2.
  • Figure 1 shows the complete experimental device for the Demonstration of negative refraction to microwave frequency.
  • the prism-shaped materials 5.6 are placed on a support 4 with the transmitter and receiver 3 microwave speakers on both sides of the support.
  • Under the support 4 there is a goniometer 8 or rotating base with two arms along which the horns 1, 3 can be moved.
  • the arms of this goniometer 8 can rotate to, leaving the emitting horn 1 fixed, rotate the receiving horn 3 around the support 4 with one of the prisms 5,6 and thus measure the angle for which the refracted beam is detected.
  • the center of rotation of the goniometer 8 coincides with the exit surface of the prism 5.6 when placed on the support 4.
  • the support 4 is covered by pyramidal microwave absorber 7.
  • This absorbent 7 is intended to prevent the formation of standing waves between speakers 1, 3 and support 4. This allows the speakers 1, 3 to be placed at any distance from the support 4, since in case of standing waves the speakers 1, 3 should be moved forward and backward along of the arms of the goniometer 8 to find a maximum of transmission. Said absorbents 7 are also essential to obtain good results in the experiment since they reduce the direct transmission between the horns 1, 3. Although the absorbents 7 cover both sides of the support 4, in figure 1 it has been shown on one side only to be able to show the position of the prisms 5,6 in the support 4.
  • Both the prism with a negative or "left-handed” refractive index 5 and the positive or “right-handed” refractive index 6 are manufactured in this preferred embodiment at an angle of 20 °.
  • the microwave beam from the emitting horn 1 has a perpendicular impact on the prism 5,6, so it does not refract and passes through the prism 5,6 without deviating until it reaches the exit surface of the latter with an incidence angle of 20 ° , where it is refracted and emerges from prism 5.6 with an angle that is normal for the "right-handed” 6 prism and negative for the "left-handed” prism 5.
  • the "right handed" prism 6 has been manufactured in PVC.
  • the "left-handed" prism 5 consists of three stacked layers twelve mm thick each. Each layer in turn consists of two sheets of foam or dielectric material of permittivity similar to that of air 9, six mm thick, which are located between two thin metal surfaces 11.
  • sheets of FR4 material are used to implement said metal surfaces 11 for manufacturing 0.4 mm thick circuits on which a 35 micron thick copper layer is deposited.
  • a thin sheet 10 of dielectric material is disposed between the two layers of foam 9 metallized with copper, of those used in the manufacture of microwave circuits, and in which by photogravure a periodic network of cut ring metal resonators is created 12.
  • the sheet 10 is made of Cuclad manufactured by ARLON with permittivity 2.33 dielectric and thickness of 20 mils (0.508 mm).
  • Figure 3 shows the structure of said resonators 12 consisting of two concentric metal open rings each with two openings 13 arranged 180 ° apart, said openings 13 being arranged in the same position and one end of the open ring being attached metallic with the opposite end of the other.
  • the center-to-center distance between the resonators 12 in the sheet 10 is 5mm.
  • the receiving horn 3 is rotated by means of the goniometer 8 to detect the radiation as a function of the angle measured with respect to the normal to the surface of output of the prism 5.6.
  • Figure 4 shows the radiation pattern measured for a "right-handed" prism of PVC 14, which has a main radiation lobe for a positive angle of 40 °.
  • Figure 5 also shows the average radiation pattern for the "left-handed" prism 15 described, which has a main radiation lobe for a negative angle of -5 °. Both radiation patterns are obtained at the working frequency of the speakers 1, 3 which in this preferred embodiment was 10.5 GHz.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
  • Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Computational Mathematics (AREA)
  • Educational Administration (AREA)
  • Educational Technology (AREA)
  • Algebra (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention consiste précisément en un dispositif pour la démonstration expérimentale du phénomène de la réfraction négative à la fréquence micro-ondes, destiné à l'enseignement des métamatériaux. Le but de la démonstration est de constater la déviation négative subie par un faisceau de micro-ondes lorsqu'il traverse un prisme fabriqué à partir d'un milieu "main gauche".
PCT/ES2011/000230 2010-07-15 2011-07-15 Dispositif pour la démonstration expérimentale de la réfraction négative à la fréquence micro-ondes, destiné à l'enseignement des métamatériaux Ceased WO2012007613A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES201000927A ES2376854B1 (es) 2010-07-15 2010-07-15 Dispositivo para la demostración experimental de la refracción negativa a la frecuencia de microondas orientado a la enseñanza de los metamateriales.
ESP201000927 2010-07-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012007613A1 true WO2012007613A1 (fr) 2012-01-19

Family

ID=45468964

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/ES2011/000230 Ceased WO2012007613A1 (fr) 2010-07-15 2011-07-15 Dispositif pour la démonstration expérimentale de la réfraction négative à la fréquence micro-ondes, destiné à l'enseignement des métamatériaux

Country Status (2)

Country Link
ES (1) ES2376854B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012007613A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104364638A (zh) * 2012-05-30 2015-02-18 通用电气公司 用于对材料特性进行测量的传感器设备

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006023195A2 (fr) * 2004-07-23 2006-03-02 The Regents Of The University Of California Metamateriaux
US7791355B1 (en) * 2007-10-30 2010-09-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Near field free space anisotropic materials characterization

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006023195A2 (fr) * 2004-07-23 2006-03-02 The Regents Of The University Of California Metamateriaux
US7791355B1 (en) * 2007-10-30 2010-09-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Near field free space anisotropic materials characterization

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ALEXANDER B. YAKOVLEV ET AL: "Broadband negative refraction at microwaves with a multilayered mushroom-type metamaterial", MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST (MTT), 2010 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL, 23 May 2010 (2010-05-23), PISCATAWAY, NJ, USA, pages 173 - 176, XP031714224 *
VON RHEIN A ET AL.: "Experimental verification of apparent negative refraction in low-epsilon material in the microwave regime", JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, vol. 101, no. 8, 19 April 2007 (2007-04-19), NEW YORK, US, pages 86103 - 086103-3, XP012098445 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104364638A (zh) * 2012-05-30 2015-02-18 通用电气公司 用于对材料特性进行测量的传感器设备
US9863893B2 (en) 2012-05-30 2018-01-09 General Electric Company Sensor apparatus for measurement of material properties

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2376854A1 (es) 2012-03-20
ES2376854B1 (es) 2012-11-28

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Ma et al. Three-dimensional gradient-index materials and their applications in microwave lens antennas
CN103036066B (zh) 一种龙伯透镜天线
Liu et al. Simultaneously realizing thermal and electromagnetic cloaking by multi-physical null medium
Alitalo et al. Broadband electromagnetic cloaking realized with transmission-line and waveguiding structures
CN102480058A (zh) 一种基于超材料的去极化器
CN102749529A (zh) 紧缩场天线测量系统
BR102013003551A2 (pt) sistema de antena para medidas de contador eletrônico
CN103094701A (zh) 一种平板透镜及具有该透镜的透镜天线
CN102738594A (zh) 一种超材料定向天线
US9804215B2 (en) Electromagnetic wave detection apparatus
WO2012007613A1 (fr) Dispositif pour la démonstration expérimentale de la réfraction négative à la fréquence micro-ondes, destiné à l'enseignement des métamatériaux
EP2816667B1 (fr) Lentille diélectrique artificielle
ES2317550T3 (es) Red de antenas de inclinacion variable.
CN102751579A (zh) 分离电磁波束的超材料
CN103165985A (zh) 一种缝隙天线和电子装置
Derov et al. Free space measurements of negative refraction with varying angles of incidence
CN103094711B (zh) 一种透镜天线
ES2264361B1 (es) Lente de campo cercano para ondas electromagneticas.
CN103036029B (zh) 一种喇叭天线
ES2588927T3 (es) Elemento de superficie inductivo
Faniayeu et al. A single-layer meta-atom absorber
CN102800969B (zh) 波导馈源及天线
CN103036058B (zh) 一种平板射电望远镜
ES2318326T3 (es) Antena plana.
CN103036026B (zh) 一种喇叭天线

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 11806332

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 11806332

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1