WO2012017068A2 - Détection d'une quantité d'énergie d'alimentation d'une installation photovoltaïque, qui était éventuellement présente, mais qui en fait n'a pas été fournie - Google Patents

Détection d'une quantité d'énergie d'alimentation d'une installation photovoltaïque, qui était éventuellement présente, mais qui en fait n'a pas été fournie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012017068A2
WO2012017068A2 PCT/EP2011/063513 EP2011063513W WO2012017068A2 WO 2012017068 A2 WO2012017068 A2 WO 2012017068A2 EP 2011063513 W EP2011063513 W EP 2011063513W WO 2012017068 A2 WO2012017068 A2 WO 2012017068A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power
inverter
period
energy
feed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2011/063513
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German (de)
English (en)
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WO2012017068A3 (fr
Inventor
Björn MAGNUSSEN
Jens Klein
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SMA Solar Technology AG
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SMA Solar Technology AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SMA Solar Technology AG filed Critical SMA Solar Technology AG
Priority to EP11752505.5A priority Critical patent/EP2601534A2/fr
Publication of WO2012017068A2 publication Critical patent/WO2012017068A2/fr
Publication of WO2012017068A3 publication Critical patent/WO2012017068A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
    • H02S50/10—Testing of PV devices, e.g. of PV modules or single PV cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H02J3/46—Controlling the sharing of generated power between the generators, sources or networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2101/00—Supply or distribution of decentralised, dispersed or local electric power generation
    • H02J2101/20—Dispersed power generation using renewable energy sources
    • H02J2101/22—Solar energy
    • H02J2101/24—Photovoltaics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for detecting a potential energy supply quantity of a photovoltaic system which was potentially possible in a period of time, but which is actually not fed in, having the features of the preamble of independent claim 1.
  • the photovoltaic generators of the photovoltaic system can be strings of series-connected or parallel-connected solar cells, which in turn can have parallel or series-connected substrings.
  • the potential amount of feed-in energy of a photovoltaic system that was potentially possible in a certain period of time but is actually not fed in can be of great interest for a variety of reasons. This includes determining whether it would be worthwhile to eliminate an inherent restriction on feed-in power by investing, for example, in a more powerful inverter or larger backup battery. It is not uncommon for photovoltaic systems, for example, to design the inverter or inverters not for the maximum power of the connected photovoltaic generators but for an underlying power. By recording the maximum amount of feed-in energy of the photovoltaic system that is possible without this undersizing, it is possible to check whether a larger-dimensioned inverter would not make sense.
  • the potentially possible feed-in energy amount may be one that could not be fed by the photovoltaic system as it is because of the dimensioning of its inverter. This is an exception.
  • the new procedure is concerned with the maximum possible amount of feed-in energy over a certain period of time with the photovoltaic system as it is to capture.
  • This feed-in amount of energy is also of interest, for example, if the amount of energy actually fed in is lower than the potentially possible feed-in energy due to a requirement of a grid operator and the grid operator has to remunerate the maximum possible feed-in energy of the photovoltaic system under these circumstances if they are proved to him can.
  • a method for generating an indication of an operating state of a photovoltaic generator includes reception operating state signals including an irradiance signal representative of the electromagnetic radiation received by the photovoltaic generator and an age signal representing the age of the photovoltaic generator.
  • the method also includes receiving a power signal representing the actual output power of the photovoltaic generator and generating a power estimate in response to the operating condition signals and irradiance and age adjustment factors.
  • the power estimate represents an expected output power of the photovoltaic generator, and the adjustment factors serve to adjust the irradiance signal or the age signal.
  • the method further includes causing the generation of a warning signal in response to a deviation of the power signal from the power estimate.
  • FR 2 923 653 A1 an operating method for a photovoltaic system is known which has a plurality of photovoltaic generators which can be interconnected differently. For the different interconnections of the photovoltaic generators, the generated electrical power is detected. Then the interconnection is selected where the photovoltaic system supplies the maximum electrical power.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method with the features of the preamble of the independent claim 1, which during the operation of a photovoltaic system, in particular during the feeding of electrical energy from the photovoltaic generators, without additional hardware expenditure is feasible.
  • the photovoltaic system is in the period to the AC mains operated in a coupled manner, wherein the inverter or inverters are operated differently in the period and wherein in the period of time no energy is fed or a supply of energy compared to the potential amount of feed energy is reduced, the amount of fed-in energy is fed.
  • Operating data of the inverter (s) detected during this different operation is then used to determine the amount of feed-in energy potentially possible in the period.
  • this difference in operating points in one inverter can relate to different part-time periods of the period, while it can refer to several different operating points at the same time in the case of several inverters. Combinations of these two aspects of diversity are also possible.
  • the diversity of the operating points on the one hand allows feeding in a reduced amount of feed-in energy in the period of time compared with the potentially possible amount of feed-in energy on the other hand, to record the amount of this potential amount of feed-in energy that was potentially possible in the period or even its difference to the reduced, actually injected feed-in energy quantity (which is equivalent).
  • the amount of the potential amount of feed-in energy that is potentially possible during the period is recorded in the current, d. H. grid-connected operation of the photovoltaic system, in which at least one inverter is connected to the AC mains, even if in the period no supply energy quantity is fed.
  • At least one inverter can be operated differently in different part-time periods of the period.
  • the one inverter in the different part-time periods can be controlled so differently that it scans a voltage-power characteristic or, which is basically synonymous, a voltage-current characteristic of the connected photovoltaic generators to a mean operating point locally.
  • a range of the respective characteristic curve is detected, and from this information can be selected from the recorded or modeled for the respective photovoltaic system at earlier times characteristics appropriate to this from the current maximum possible feed power and as its integral in the maximum time in the period Derive supply energy quantity.
  • the one inverter can be controlled so differently in the different periods of time that it takes the photovoltaic generators a same electrical power at two different operating points with different voltages across the connected photovoltaic generators and fed into the exchange ström network.
  • the underlying voltage-power characteristic at two points which are the two operating points, detected and selected from the number of possible characteristics.
  • the two above-mentioned embodiments of the new method can also be combined by the one inverter is so differently controlled in the different periods of time, that he a voltage-power characteristic of the connected photovoltaic generators to both different operating points locally scans. As a result, the selectivity with respect to the actual characteristic of the photovoltaic system is significantly increased.
  • the one inverter can also be controlled differently in the different part-time periods so that it feeds different electrical powers whose integral over the period equal to the reduced amount of energy in the period and which include a maximum possible feed power. That is, the inverter can go through the operating point with maximum generator power within the period to measure this with respect to the maximum possible feed power, but this only temporarily. In other subperiods, it can be controlled to compensate so that it feeds a smaller than the reduced feed-in power, so that its average feed-in power corresponds to the reduced feed-in power.
  • the inverter can also be controlled differently in the different part-time periods such that it shaves off at least one subarea of a voltage-power characteristic of the connected photovoltaic generators in which there is an operating point with a maximum possible generator power.
  • the voltage-power characteristic and in particular its point of maximum possible generator power can be extrapolated from the interpolation points determined in this way.
  • the point of maximally possible generator power does not have to be hit directly, ie H. be measured.
  • the scanned partial area in which the operating point lies with the maximum possible generator power can be a subarea of the voltage-power characteristic between two operating points at which the photovoltaic generators provide a reduced electric power at different voltages compared to the maximum possible generator power.
  • the inverter then alternates continuously or intermittently between these two operating points, and in each of these jumps, the sub-range of interest of the voltage-power characteristic including the working point therein is run over with the maximum possible generator power.
  • the one inverter can also be controlled differently in the different part-time periods so that it takes different electrical power from the photovoltaic generators connected to it, but still feeds a constant electrical power into the AC grid.
  • This can be z. B. be realized in that the difference between the different electrical powers and the constant electric power, for example, stored in a buffer capacitor of the inverter and / or converted into another form of energy.
  • the intermediate Storage and / or conversion to another form of energy may also include at least one of the following steps:
  • Photovoltaic generators for the purpose of conversion into heat eg. B. in a Verkablung the photovoltaic generators and / or in the photovoltaic generators themselves, and / or purpose
  • Amplitude is to be kept sufficiently small to comply with EMC limits and the like, which can be achieved by injection over a feed-in period which is substantially longer than the period for which the maximum possible amount of feed energy is determined, and
  • the different electrical powers in the different part-time periods repeatedly include the maximum possible feed-in power in the period of time, ie. that is, the maximum generator power operating point in the period is sampled or scanned not once but several times to detect variations in this operating point for longer periods of time.
  • the different electrical powers may periodically detect the maximum possible feed-in power in the period. Even with this acquisition, the maximum possible feed-in power with the recorded measured values need not be taken exactly. It is sufficient if it can be extrapolated on the basis of measured values recorded in its vicinity.
  • At least one inverter can be operated at maximum possible feed-in power while operating at least one other inverter with less than its maximum possible feed-in power to ensure the reduced feed-in energy over the time period.
  • the measured values for the feed-in power of the at least one inverter are then used to deduce the amount of feed-in energy that was potentially possible during the period.
  • at least one of the inverters may be at least temporarily shut down during the period, or even take power from the AC mains and convert it to other forms of energy to ensure the reduced feed-in energy over the period of time.
  • the individual inverters are not in We.
  • the feed-in energy of an inverter in normal operation with maximum possible feed-in power up to efficiency-related losses of the inverter can correspond to a maximum possible generator power integrated over the period of photovoltaic generators connected to the inverter. This corresponds to normal operation in which the inverter always keeps the connected photovoltaic generators in or at least near its operating point of maximum generator power.
  • a correction factor can be applied in the new method in order to determine from the ascertained maximum possible generator power a maximum possible feed-in power and as its integral the potentially possible feed-in energy quantity.
  • the potentially possible feed-in energy quantity for the period determined with the new method is stored and / or displayed in the inverter (s) or a higher-level unit and / or via data communication (radio, cable), e.g. B. communicates with the plant and / or network operator.
  • the time history of the non-injected power in the and / or the non-injected amount of energy over the period is stored / communicated.
  • the cause for the reduction e.g. B.
  • a cause and an associated energy loss can be named together in a message.
  • an energy counter is applied for a longer period of time for each input reduction cause, so that z. B. can be read at the end of the year, which cumulative amounts of energy could not be fed due to their cause, z. B. 356 kWh because of deregulation by the network operator, 28 kWh due to power failure, 999kWh for derating the inverter, etc.
  • Fig. 1 outlines a photovoltaic system to which the inventive method is performed.
  • FIG. 2 shows various voltage-power characteristics of the photovoltaic system according to FIG. 1 to explain a first embodiment of the new method.
  • Fig. 3 shows a voltage-power characteristic of the photovoltaic system according to Fig. 1 for explaining a second embodiment of the new method.
  • Fig. 4 outlines another photovoltaic system for carrying out the new method.
  • Fig. 5 outlines a voltage-power characteristic of the photovoltaic system according to
  • photovoltaic system 1 has one or more (not shown) photovoltaic generators 2 and an inverter 3, which feeds electricity generated by the photovoltaic generators 2 in an AC network 4.
  • a controller 5 is provided, with which the operating point of the photovoltaic system 1, that is, the output voltage of the photovoltaic generators 2, is variable.
  • the controller 5 while the output voltage of the photovoltaic generators 2, which is also the input voltage of the inverter 3, and thereby flowing current and thus the photovoltaic generators taken electrical power and the net in the exchange 4 fed electrical power detected.
  • the input voltage of the inverter 3 is set so that a maximum generator power is generated by the photovoltaic generators 2, which is fed by the inverter minus its possible efficiency losses as feed into the AC network 4.
  • this maximum possible generator power is not can be fed.
  • the amount of energy of the photovoltaic system 1 resulting from this over a period of time, which can be taken out of the photovoltaic generator as a maximum, but which is actually not supplied, may be of interest, as was explained at the beginning of this description.
  • FIG. 2 outlines three voltage-power characteristics 6, 7, 8 of the photovoltaic system 1, which correspond to different irradiation conditions and other external operating conditions of the photovoltaic system 1.
  • another operating point 9, 10, 11 with maximum generator power ie a different voltage across the photovoltaic generators 2 is available in which the inverter 3 has a maximum input power for feeding into the alternating current network 4 stands.
  • the individual characteristics can be known in principle from the previous operation of the photovoltaic system 1 or can also be modeled for the photovoltaic system 1 from known parameters. In order to determine the maximum possible generator power P max at a given time, however, the currently applicable characteristic curve 6, 7 or 8 or the associated operating point 9, 10 or 11 must be selected.
  • the operating points 12 and 13 describe a section of the characteristic curve 7 and thus allow their selection from the characteristic curves 6-8 possibly applicable at the respective point in time. This selection can also be made by the fact that the photovoltaic system 1 anaide a further operating point 14 at which it feeds the power P rec i in the AC mains 4 and also around this operating point 14 around more operating points 15 an architect to another section of the characteristic.
  • FIG. 3 shows another possibility of detecting the maximum generator power P max , without at least on average a higher feed-in power than P rec i with the photovoltaic system 1 feed.
  • P max maximum generator power
  • operating points 16 and 17 are approached slightly below P rec i and when changing between these operating points 16 and 17, the characteristic curve 7 is traversed and thereby determines the position of its maximum.
  • more electric power is taken out of the photovoltaic generators for a short time and fed directly into the alternating current network 4 than the reduced feed-in power predetermined by P rec i.
  • the direct feed of the power taken beyond the reduced feed power to the photovoltaic generator during the local sampling or deceleration of the characteristic it can be temporarily stored in a buffer capacitor (not shown) and / or converted into other forms of energy, in particular dissipated.
  • the photovoltaic system 1 according to FIG. 4 has a plurality of inverters 3, to each of which one or more photovoltaic generators 2 are connected.
  • the inverters 3 are jointly controlled by the controller 5 in such a way that an electric power lying below the currently possible maximum feed-in power is fed into the AC grid.
  • FIG. 5 shows the voltage-power characteristic curve 7, which may apply here for all photovoltaic generators 2 connected to all inverters. (In practice, the characteristics of the individual photovoltaic generators differ from each other, but this is irrelevant to the aspects of the invention to be explained here.)
  • the controller 3 receives one of the inverters 3 according to FIG. Operated 4 in the operating point 10 and this operating point 10 followed by a standard for normal operation in terms of power maximization tracking method.
  • the two other inverters 3 are operated at a residual power PResti, which is further reduced even compared to the average reduced power P rec i, so that together they compensate the power fed in by the one inverter 3 "too much" so that, on average, all the inverters P rec i is fed.
  • one of the two remaining Inverter 3 are also completely switched off or remove electrical power from the AC mains 4 and convert it into a different forms of energy, while the other remaining inverter 3 is operated at a - here about P rec i lying - operating point 19.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne la détection d'une quantité d'énergie d'alimentation d'une installation photovoltaïque, qui pouvait être potentiellement présente au cours d'une période de temps, mais qui, en fait, n'a pas été fournie, l'installation voltaïque comportant un ou plusieurs onduleurs servant à alimenter en énergie électrique d'un ou de plusieurs générateurs photovoltaïques un réseau de courant alternatif (4). Pour cette détection, l'installation photovoltaïque (1) est exploitée au cours de ladite période de temps de manière couplée au réseau de courant alternatif, le ou les onduleurs étant exploités durant cette période de temps de manière différente. Durant cette période de temps aucune énergie d'alimentation n'est fournie ou une quantité d'énergie d'alimentation, réduite par rapport à la quantité d'énergie d'alimentation ayant pu potentiellement être présente, est fournie. La quantité d'énergie d'alimentation ayant pu potentiellement être présente dans la période de temps est déterminée à partir des données d'exploitation du ou des onduleurs, détectées durant cette exploitation différente.
PCT/EP2011/063513 2010-08-05 2011-08-05 Détection d'une quantité d'énergie d'alimentation d'une installation photovoltaïque, qui était éventuellement présente, mais qui en fait n'a pas été fournie Ceased WO2012017068A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11752505.5A EP2601534A2 (fr) 2010-08-05 2011-08-05 Détection d'une quantité d'énergie d'alimentation d'une installation photovoltaïque, qui était éventuellement présente, mais qui en fait n'a pas été fournie

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010038941A DE102010038941A1 (de) 2010-08-05 2010-08-05 Erfassung einer möglich gewesenen, aber nicht tatsächlich eingespeisten Einspeiseenergiemenge einer Photovoltaikanlage
DE102010038941.2 2010-08-05

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WO2012017068A2 true WO2012017068A2 (fr) 2012-02-09
WO2012017068A3 WO2012017068A3 (fr) 2012-07-26

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DE (1) DE102010038941A1 (fr)
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WO2014118059A1 (fr) 2013-01-30 2014-08-07 Sma Solar Technology Ag Procédé et onduleur pour distribuer la puissance par l'intermédiaire de plusieurs sources de courant continu connectées collectivement à une entrée de tension continue d'un convertisseur cc/ca
US9716407B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2017-07-25 Sma Solar Technology Ag Standby power supply system and methods for isolating a local power distribution network from a superordinate power supply network
US11228277B2 (en) 2017-08-17 2022-01-18 Sma Solar Technology Ag Method and device for detecting a maximum system power output of a photovoltaic system

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DE102014100690A1 (de) 2014-01-22 2015-07-23 Sma Solar Technology Ag Wechselrichter, insbesondere als teil eines energieerzeugungsverbundes, und verfahren
DE102014101809B4 (de) * 2014-02-13 2020-02-20 Skytron Energy Gmbh Verfahren zur Steuerung einer regenerativen Energieerzeugungsanlage und Regenerative Energieerzeugungsanlage
US12395068B2 (en) 2017-03-29 2025-08-19 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Bypass circuit and method to bypass power modules in power system
DE102017102771A1 (de) 2017-02-13 2018-08-16 Sma Solar Technology Ag Verfahren zur Bestimmung einer maximal möglichen Leistung einer PV-Anlage und PV-Anlage
CN108695843B (zh) * 2017-03-29 2023-09-22 太阳能安吉科技有限公司 旁路电路和在电力系统中旁通电力模块的方法
DE102018108472A1 (de) * 2018-04-10 2019-10-10 Sma Solar Technology Ag Photovoltaische Energieerzeugungsanlage, Versorgungsleitung für eine Energieerzeugungsanlage, Gegenstecker und Wechselrichter
DE102021121895A1 (de) 2021-08-24 2023-03-02 Sma Solar Technology Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zum betrieb eines pv-generators sowie leistungswandler

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US9716407B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2017-07-25 Sma Solar Technology Ag Standby power supply system and methods for isolating a local power distribution network from a superordinate power supply network
WO2014118059A1 (fr) 2013-01-30 2014-08-07 Sma Solar Technology Ag Procédé et onduleur pour distribuer la puissance par l'intermédiaire de plusieurs sources de courant continu connectées collectivement à une entrée de tension continue d'un convertisseur cc/ca
US10056758B2 (en) 2013-01-30 2018-08-21 Sma Solar Technology Ag Method and inverter for distributing power among a plurality of DC sources connected jointly to a DC voltage input of a DC-to-AC converter
US11228277B2 (en) 2017-08-17 2022-01-18 Sma Solar Technology Ag Method and device for detecting a maximum system power output of a photovoltaic system

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