WO2012023094A2 - Couche de dispersion ou de réflexion luminescente pour performances de dispositif photovoltaïque améliorées - Google Patents

Couche de dispersion ou de réflexion luminescente pour performances de dispositif photovoltaïque améliorées Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012023094A2
WO2012023094A2 PCT/IB2011/053595 IB2011053595W WO2012023094A2 WO 2012023094 A2 WO2012023094 A2 WO 2012023094A2 IB 2011053595 W IB2011053595 W IB 2011053595W WO 2012023094 A2 WO2012023094 A2 WO 2012023094A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
scattering
waveguide
reflecting layer
luminescent
absorption
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2011/053595
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English (en)
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WO2012023094A3 (fr
Inventor
Michael George Debije
Wouter Dekkers
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koninklijke Philips NV
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Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
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Publication of WO2012023094A2 publication Critical patent/WO2012023094A2/fr
Publication of WO2012023094A3 publication Critical patent/WO2012023094A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F77/40—Optical elements or arrangements
    • H10F77/42—Optical elements or arrangements directly associated or integrated with photovoltaic cells, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H10F77/45—Wavelength conversion means, e.g. by using luminescent material, fluorescent concentrators or up-conversion arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F77/40—Optical elements or arrangements
    • H10F77/42—Optical elements or arrangements directly associated or integrated with photovoltaic cells, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H10F77/488—Reflecting light-concentrating means, e.g. parabolic mirrors or concentrators using total internal reflection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a photovoltaic device for converting radiation (e.g. solar light) into electricity.
  • Photovoltaics enable conversion of solar light into electricity without detrimentally affecting the environment.
  • solar cells require high-cost semiconductors, which makes them expensive.
  • Concentrator systems help to minimize the coverage needed by the solar cells, but normal concentrators only work for a narrow angular range of incident solar radiation.
  • concentrators need tracking devices and are poorly suited to capturing diffuse radiation.
  • Luminescent solar concentrators avoid these disadvantages.
  • LSCs consist of a flat plate which acts as a waveguide, which is usually made from plastic, and is either filled with fluorescent dyes, phosphors and/or quantum dots, or coated with luminophores in a thin layer ( ⁇ 100 microns) on the top or bottom of the waveguide.
  • a thin layer ⁇ 100 microns
  • To one or more edges of the waveguide are attached photovoltaic cells for conversion of the emitted light to electricity.
  • a mirror or white scattering layer is often placed at the bottom face of the waveguide, either attached or separated by an air gap. Further details can be gathered from W. G. Van Sark et al, "Luminescent solar energy
  • the amount of light absorbed by the dye molecules should be maximized.
  • large concentrations of dye material in the waveguide or in a thin layer on top of the clear waveguide are often undesirable due to limited solubility of the dye or, owing to the non- unity quantum yield of the dyes and limited Stokes shifts, the reabsorption of emitted light by subsequent dye molecules, where this reabsorption may result in loss of light as heat or through subsequent emissions being directed outside the waveguiding mode of the waveguide.
  • a reflecting layer a mirror
  • a scattering layer at the rear of the waveguide.
  • These rear layers may either be directly attached to the waveguide via intermediate layers, or left with an air gap between the rear layer and the waveguide. These layers will intercept incident light that was not absorbed in the first passage through the waveguide, returning it through the thickness of the dye layer, thereby increasing the probability of absorption. For example, by using a perfect rear layer in a system with an initial absorption of 50%, one could expect an increase in the absorption to 75% without having to use additional dye.
  • the use of the mirror can be problematic as even the best silver mirrors absorb >5% of incoming light, and so scattering layers have been preferred.
  • the scattering layers tend to be based on white paints (mostly containing titanium oxides) so that they scatter back a wide range of wavelengths indiscriminately.
  • the rear scattering or reflecting layer is enhanced through incorporation of a luminescent or phosphorescent material.
  • This provides the advantage of being able to shift unabsorbed light to a wavelength better used by the main waveguide dye, enhancing absorption, and to assist in the scattering of light outside the absorption band of the dye by converting it to wavelength closer to those best utilized by the photovoltaic cell, all the while maintaining normal scattering function.
  • the scattering or reflecting layer may be adapted to absorb incoming radiation energy at a wavelength shorter than an absorption peak of the waveguide dye and to emit this radiation energy at a wavelength closer to the absorption peak. Thereby, overall absorption of the device can be enhanced.
  • the scattering or reflecting layer may be adapted to absorb radiation energy at a wavelength longer than a dye absorption band of the waveguide and to emit the radiation energy at a wavelength closer to a responsivity band of the at least one photovoltaic cell. Again, overall absorption of the device can be enhanced.
  • the scattering or reflecting layer may be employed in a thin film photovoltaic element, so as to shift the absorbed light spectra to wavelengths better absorbed by the photovoltaic element.
  • the scattering or reflecting layer may be directly attached to the waveguide, attached via intermediate layers, or separated from the waveguide by an air gap.
  • the scattering or reflecting layer may be directly attached to the waveguide, attached via intermediate layers, or separated from the waveguide by an air gap.
  • the luminescent or phosphorescent material may comprise inorganic phosphor.
  • the luminescent or phosphorescent material may comprise quantum dots or quantum rods with a capability of scattering unabsorbed light passing through said waveguide.
  • the scattering or reflecting layer may comprise a non- luminescent layer mixed with organic or inorganic luminophores.
  • the scattering or reflecting layer may comprises organic luminophores in a binding agent used to hold scattering particles together.
  • the organic luminophores in the binding layer may be provided in conjunction with inorganic phosphor.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional layer model of the functionality of a PV device according to an embodiment
  • Fig. 2 shows emission spectra obtained by a scattering layer with and without luminescent material at a low plate absorbance
  • Fig. 3 shows emission spectra obtained by a scattering layer with and without luminescent material at a high plate absorbance.
  • a luminescent scattering layer is provided at the rear side or bottom side of a waveguide so as to receive incident light having passed through the waveguide without being absorbed.
  • the luminescent scattering layer can be obtained by modifying a conventional or standard rear scattering layer (sometimes also called “scatterer") through incorporation of a luminescent material within the scattering matrix.
  • the scattering layer with the luminescent material can have several functions when arranged in this manner. It can absorb incoming sunlight or other radiation energy at a wavelength shorter than the absorption peak or main absorption band of a waveguide dye included in the waveguide material and emit this radiation energy at a wavelength closer to the absorption peak, thereby enhancing overall absorption of the system.
  • the scattering layer can be tuned or adapted to absorb light or other radiation energy at a wavelength outside (longer than) the dye absorption band and emit radiation energy at a wavelength closer to the responsivity band of a silicon cell or photovoltaic cell of the LCS, which may be around 1100 nm, for example.
  • the material(s) contained in the scattering layer could be, for example, phosphor(s) that have an absorption cross section normally considered too low for proper use in the waveguide, or with quantum efficiencies lower than normally necessary for use in the waveguides, for if the light is not absorbed by the phosphor it still is returned through the waveguide, where it could be absorbed, or it could be scattered by the layer, as normal for the scattering layer, and reach the photovoltaic cell at the waveguide edge in this manner.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic layer model of the LCS with the proposed luminescent scattering functionality according to the embodiment.
  • Three exemplary cases with different wavelengths of incident light are shown in Fig. 1.
  • incident light A at a wavelength around the absorption maximum of the luminophore used in the LSC waveguide 10 is absorbed and re-emitted at a longer wavelength within the waveguide 10.
  • a fraction of the light is trapped by total internal reflection (TIR) within the polymeric plate of the waveguide 10 and directed towards the edges of the waveguide where the light may be collected by a photovoltaic cell 40 attached to both edges of the waveguide 10.
  • TIR total internal reflection
  • incident light C longer than the absorption range of the luminophore passes through the waveguide 10 and is scattered by a scattering layer 20 which forms a backing plate.
  • incident light B shorter in wavelength than around the peak of the luminophore used in the waveguide 10 passes through the waveguide and is absorbed by the scattering layer which emits the light energy at a wavelength that is around the maximal absorption band of the luminophore in the waveguide 10.
  • the luminescent scattering layer 20 may be separated from the waveguide 10 by a lower index material or an air gap. Furthermore, the scattering layer may be arranged on a support substrate 30.
  • the LCS or other photovoltaic device can thus be manufactured by attaching at least one photovoltaic cell 40 to the edge of a waveguide 10 and placing a scattering or reflecting layer 20 at or near a rear side of the waveguide 10 so as to receive incident radiation having passed through the waveguide 10. Additionally, the luminescent material or a phosphorescent material is incorporated into the scattering layer 20 or a reflection layer for absorption and also emission purposes.
  • a YAG:Ce phosphor may be used in an organic binder to obtain an increase in integrated edge emission of 2-12% for 5x5 cm waveguides, depending on the absorbance of the waveguide 10, with the effects more pronounced with waveguides utilizing less dye.
  • Fig. 2 shows emission spectra of a polycarbonate waveguide plate containing Red305 dye of absorbance 0.2 exposed to light from a solar simulator on a white (solid line) and phosphor-containing (dashed line) scattering layer 20. Due to the low absorbance of the waveguide, the enhanced absorbance achieved by the use of the luminescent scattering layer 20 can be seen at the dashed spectrum line.
  • Fig. 3 shows emission spectra of polycarbonate plate containing Red305 dye of absorbance 1.0 exposed to light from a solar simulator on a white (solid line) and phosphor-containing (dashed line) scattering layer 20. Here, the emission does not change very much, as nearly all incident light is already absorbed in the waveguide.
  • the absorption region of the phosphor may be modified.
  • the rear scattering layer could be employed in thin film photovoltaic elements, in place of the regular rear layer.
  • the emitted light from the phosphor can be used to shift the absorbed light spectra more to wavelengths better absorbed/utilized by the photovoltaic (silicon) cell (e.g., closer to 1100 nm).
  • the conventional passive rear reflecting/scattering layer is suggested to be replaced by a reflecting/scattering layer with luminescent or phosphorescent material that adds the functionality of absorption and emission for more dynamic use of the incoming light, extending the materials usable in the LSC or other photovoltaic device and thereby enhancing the functionality of the device.
  • a reflecting/scattering layer with luminescent or phosphorescent material that adds the functionality of absorption and emission for more dynamic use of the incoming light, extending the materials usable in the LSC or other photovoltaic device and thereby enhancing the functionality of the device.
  • At least one of inorganic phosphors, quantum dots and quantum rods can be used as the luminescent material, each with the capability of also scattering unabsorbed light.
  • An alternative embodiment could be to use a non-luminescent scattering or reflection layer such as titanium, tin, etc. oxides mixed with organic or inorganic luminophores, or to include organic luminophores in the binding agent used to
  • the proposed luminescent scattering or reflection layer can be used in concentrators, photovoltaic cells or other photovoltaic devices. It differs from conventional rear layers in its functionality of absorption and emission along with scattering or reflection.
  • the width of the scattering layer may be in the order of 30-50 micrometers, for example.
  • a photovoltaic device such as for example a solar concentrator, which uses a scattering layer on the rear side of its waveguide 10.
  • the scattering layer also incorporates luminescent or phosphorescent material for absorption and emission.
  • the additional functionality of absorption and emission in the scattering layer 20 allows for a more dynamic use of incoming light.
  • the present invention relates to a photovoltaic device, such as for example a solar concentrator, which uses a scattering or reflecting layer on the rear side of its waveguide.
  • a photovoltaic device such as for example a solar concentrator
  • the scattering or reflecting layer also incorporates luminescent or
  • phosphorescent material for absorption and emission.
  • the additional functionality of absorption and emission in the scattering or reflecting layer allows for a more dynamic use of incoming light.

Landscapes

  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention porte sur un dispositif photovoltaïque, par exemple un concentrateur solaire, qui utilise une couche de dispersion de réflexion sur le côté arrière de son guide d'ondes. La couche de dispersion ou de réflexion incorpore également un matériau luminescent phosphorescent pour l'absorption et l'émission. La fonctionnalité additionnelle d'absorption et d'émission dans la couche de dispersion ou de réflexion permet une utilisation plus dynamique de la lumière entrante.
PCT/IB2011/053595 2010-08-16 2011-08-12 Couche de dispersion ou de réflexion luminescente pour performances de dispositif photovoltaïque améliorées Ceased WO2012023094A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10172928.3 2010-08-16
EP10172928 2010-08-16

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012023094A2 true WO2012023094A2 (fr) 2012-02-23
WO2012023094A3 WO2012023094A3 (fr) 2012-08-23

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2662641A1 (fr) 2012-05-07 2013-11-13 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Dispositif collecteur de lumière
TWI575766B (zh) * 2015-05-05 2017-03-21 飛立威光能股份有限公司 光伏系統及其製造方法
US10422942B2 (en) 2014-06-05 2019-09-24 Signify Holding B.V. Luminescence concentrator

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4188239A (en) * 1978-11-30 1980-02-12 Owens-Illinois, Inc. Luminescent solar collector structure
WO2009049048A2 (fr) * 2007-10-12 2009-04-16 Ultradots, Inc. Modules solaires à rendement amélioré grâce à l'utilisation de concentrateurs spectraux
US8304645B2 (en) * 2008-08-19 2012-11-06 Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. Luminescent solar collector
IL193701A (en) * 2008-08-26 2015-01-29 Renata Reisfeld Luminescent solar concentration
US9496442B2 (en) * 2009-01-22 2016-11-15 Omnipv Solar modules including spectral concentrators and related manufacturing methods

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
W. G. VAN SARK ET AL.: "Luminescent solar concentrators: a review of recent results", OPT. EXPRESS, vol. 16, 2008, pages 21773 - 21792, XP007907393, DOI: doi:10.1364/OE.16.021773

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2662641A1 (fr) 2012-05-07 2013-11-13 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Dispositif collecteur de lumière
WO2013168069A1 (fr) 2012-05-07 2013-11-14 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Dispositif de collecteur de lumière
US9310540B2 (en) 2012-05-07 2016-04-12 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Light collector device
US10422942B2 (en) 2014-06-05 2019-09-24 Signify Holding B.V. Luminescence concentrator
TWI575766B (zh) * 2015-05-05 2017-03-21 飛立威光能股份有限公司 光伏系統及其製造方法

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