WO2012107665A2 - Procede et dispositif de pilotage d'une machine electrique a reluctance - Google Patents
Procede et dispositif de pilotage d'une machine electrique a reluctance Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012107665A2 WO2012107665A2 PCT/FR2012/050187 FR2012050187W WO2012107665A2 WO 2012107665 A2 WO2012107665 A2 WO 2012107665A2 FR 2012050187 W FR2012050187 W FR 2012050187W WO 2012107665 A2 WO2012107665 A2 WO 2012107665A2
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- Prior art keywords
- machine
- winding
- current
- signal
- rotor
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
- H02P21/0003—Control strategies in general, e.g. linear type, e.g. P, PI, PID, using robust control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/08—Arrangements for controlling the speed or torque of a single motor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
- H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
- H02P25/08—Reluctance motors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/10—Arrangements for controlling torque ripple, e.g. providing reduced torque ripple
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
- H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
- H02P25/08—Reluctance motors
- H02P25/092—Converters specially adapted for controlling reluctance motors
- H02P25/0925—Converters specially adapted for controlling reluctance motors wherein the converter comprises only one switch per phase
Definitions
- the subject of the invention is a method of controlling an electric machine, called a synchronous reluctance machine, and an electric machine equipped to be driven according to this method.
- a synchronous reluctance electrical machine comprises a series of stator windings defining machine poles, and a rotor of ferromagnetic material which has been structured for example by a series of notches to facilitate the establishment of a magnetic field. inside the rotor in certain particular directions.
- the rotor may furthermore be made of a laminated structure in order to limit the flow of electric currents inside the rotor.
- Such machines are often less expensive to produce than machines whose rotor comprises windings or permanent magnets.
- the driving mode depends in particular on the maximum torque that can be obtained for a given current intensity.
- the mechanical power developed by an electric motor is proportional to the product of the current injected in the stator windings of the motor, by the electromotive force induced in these windings by the rotation of the rotor.
- the electromotive force of an electric machine is not always sinusoidal.
- the electromotive force of a machine fed by a sinusoidal current is often square.
- the electromotive force depends not only on the rotational speed of the rotor, but also on the shape of the currents injected in the coils.
- the optimality of a rectangular current signal is relative because the magnetic field along the gap between the rotor and the stator can not be exactly rectangular
- US 66 74 262 proposes to inject a complex signal composed of a fundamental and a series of harmonics whose amplitude is determined by focusing during the design of the machine.
- the solutions proposed above propose a current profile injected a priori, but do not propose to take into account the real profile of the electromotive force signal.
- the shape of Injected current signal is similar for low torque as for high torque, which is likely to generate unnecessary iron losses at low torques, and for larger current amplitudes, to limit the torque that the machine can provide. .
- the object of the invention is to improve the control of an electric machine, in particular of an electric reluctance machine, so as to make it possible both to limit iron losses at low torques and, for the same maximum amplitude current allowed by the electric supply circuits, to obtain a torque or a greater mechanical power of the machine.
- the currents injected in each coil of the stator of the machine are deduced by a transformation similar in principle to a Concordia-Park transformation of a pair (Id, Iq) of excitation currents Id and of frame current Iq define a reference (d, q) rotating with the rotor of the machine, such that:
- the excitation current (Id) is composed of a fundamental sinusoidal signal, to which are successively added other odd harmonics of increasing order when the torque setpoint of the machine increases,
- the frame current (Iq) is a signal proportional to the estimated or measured electromotive force of the machine.
- the amplitude of the highest order harmonic of the actually present harmonics of the excitation current is increased, until this amplitude reaches a threshold amplitude associated with the order of the harmonic, while keeping constant the amplitude of the lower order harmonics of the excitation current.
- the composition of the excitation current signal (Id) is determined from a first mapping connecting rotational speed and torque pairs (N, C) of the machine, and amplitude lists. to apply to the fundamental and the different odd harmonics composing the excitation current (Id).
- the amplitudes of the odd harmonics are chosen so that the excitation current Id is more and more close to a rectangular signal as the torque setpoint (C) increases.
- the pulsation ( ⁇ ) of the fundamental of the excitation signal is equal to the pulsation ( ⁇ ) of the machine multiplied by the number of pairs of poles of the machine, and the speed of rotation.
- the reference (d, q) in which the excitation current (Id) and the armature current (Iq) are calculated is equal to the rotational speed of the rotor of the machine.
- the phase of the excitation signal (Id) is preferably chosen so that the signal (Id) is maximal when a minimum reluctance axis (d) of the rotor of the machine is aligned with the axis of one stator coils of the machine.
- minimal reluctance axis is meant one of the radial directions of the rotor in which the induction magnetic field is locally maximum relative to the neighboring directions for a given excitation field.
- the amplitude of the armature current (Iq) is chosen so that an effective value of the armature current (Iq) is equal to an effective value (Id) of the excitation current.
- the amplitude of the armature current (Iq) is determined by means of a second mapping function of the setpoint torque (C) of the machine and the rotation speed (N) of the machine.
- the method can be applied to piloting an electrical machine with diametrical winding reluctance.
- the estimated electromotive force of the machine is then preferably filtered in such a way that account that the electromotive force self-induced by each winding of the stator, excluding the terms of mutual inductions between the different windings.
- the method can also be applied to piloting an electrical machine reluctance winding on teeth.
- the signal current (Iq) of frame current is excluded, the harmonics of a gear frequency, the gearing frequency being equal to the number of winding teeth multiplied by the rotor rotation frequency of the machine. .
- the subject of the invention is an electric reluctance machine equipped with a means for estimating the angular position of the rotor of the machine, a means for determining the electromotive force of the machine, and a control unit.
- the control unit is configured to calculate the currents to be injected in the different coils of the stator of the machine, by a change of reference rotating from a first excitation current signal, mapped according to a set point. of torque of the machine and the estimated rotational speed of the rotor, and from a second armature current signal proportional to the electromotive force estimated or measured by the determining means.
- the means for determining the electromotive force comprises a winding of one or more conductive turns not powered by electric current, wound so as to be traversed by the same magnetic flux as one of the stator coils of the machine. winding being equipped with a sensor of the voltage generated between its two ends.
- An electric machine can thus be equipped with a winding of one or more conductive turns not powered by electric current, wound so as to be traversed by the same magnetic flux as one of the stator coils of the machine. . It can then be equipped with a sensor capable of measuring the voltage generated between the two ends of the winding, and equipped with a control unit configured to calculate the currents to be injected in the various coils of the stator of the winding. machine, by a change of reference rotating from a first excitation current signal, mapped according to a torque setpoint of the machine and the estimated rotational speed of the rotor, and from a second reinforcement current signal, proportional to a filtered value of the voltage between the ends of the winding.
- the voltage sensor across the winding is offset or is electrically isolated from the portion of the control unit calculating the currents to be injected.
- the electric machine thus equipped may be an electrical reluctance machine whose stator winding is a winding on teeth.
- the electric machine thus equipped may be an electric reluctance machine whose stator winding is a diametrical type winding.
- An electric winding machine with winding on teeth can be equipped with a means for estimating the angular position of the rotor of the machine, equipped with a winding of one or more conductive turns not supplied with current and wound with in order to be traversed by the same magnetic flux as one of the stator coils of the machine, equipped with a sensor able to measure the voltage generated between the two ends of the winding, and equipped with a control unit.
- the control unit can be configured to calculate the currents to be injected in the different stator coils of the machine, by a change of reference rotating from a first excitation current signal, mapped according to a torque setpoint of the machine and an estimated rotational speed of the rotor, and a second armature current signal proportional to a filtered value of the voltage between the ends of the winding.
- the control unit can then be configured to exclude from the armature current the multiple frequencies of the tooth frequency, the tooth frequency being equal to the number of multip winding teeth linked by the rotor frequency of the machine rotor.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates the geometry of a sinus synchronous reluctance machine rotor
- FIG. 2 is an exemplary mapping used for the control method according to the invention
- FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a device according to the invention intended to to control a reluctance motor
- FIG. 4 diagrammatically illustrates a device according to the invention intended to control a reluctance motor with windings on teeth
- FIG. 5 illustrates a sensor used in the context of a control method according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a typical geometry of a rotor of a reluctance machine called a "sinus synchronous reluctance machine".
- the rotor is here represented in a plane perpendicular to a z axis of axial symmetry of the rotor.
- the mass of the rotor 1, made of ferromagnetic material, is notched by notches 2 defined by portions of curved surfaces generatrices parallel to the z axis.
- the contours of the notches 2 are defined by cylinder portions centered on axes outside the outer circumference of the rotor 1.
- the end of the notches 2 approaches, without joining the outer circumference of the rotor 1.
- the notches 2 delimit directions of less reluctance according to which a magnetic field induced inside the rotor 1 tends to orient.
- Such a minimum reluctance axis is for example identified by the axis 3, or axis d, of FIG.
- An axis q, referenced 4 perpendicular to both the axis d and the axis of revolution z, is also shown in FIG. in order to obtain an orthonormal reference d, q, z.
- the d, q mark is centered on the axis of rotation of the rotor.
- the stator currents (Id, Iq) are defined to be injected into the coils of an equivalent two-phase machine, representing the actual machine with any number of phases greater than two, with a change of landmark.
- the currents of the equivalent machine it is placed in a reference rotating at the same speed as the rotor of the actual machine (change of reference commonly referred to as "Park transform").
- Park transform change of reference commonly referred to as "Park transform”
- the current intensities injected in each of the stator coils of the real machine are therefore deduced by a change of reference allowing a n-phase, for example three-phase, current system to change to a two-phase current system (Id , Iq), and vice versa.
- the current values to be injected into each of the stator windings are thus defined as soon as the two signals Id and Iq of the equivalent bipolar system have been determined.
- the current values Id and Iq are defined as follows.
- the current Id, or excitation current is defined a priori as a function of the operating domain (torque, rotational speed) of the electric machine, so as to create an initial magnetic field in the rotor 1.
- this excitation current is a simp the sinusoidal signal whose pulse is equal to the rotational pulse of the rotor, multiplied by the number of poles of the electric machine.
- the advantage of such a sinusoidal signal, with respect to a rectangular signal is to limit the losses called "iron losses" related to the dissipative current generated in the rotor.
- High-order harmonics generate more eddy current losses than lower-order harmonics, but contribute more to the conversion of electrical energy to torque, in proportion to their amplitude, than lower order harmonics.
- the composition of the excitation signal Id can be defined from the maps, as illustrated in FIG. 2.
- FIG. 2 illustrates in a simplified manner a map 5 connecting a two-dimensional domain (of axes the speed of rotation and the torque of the machine) to several families of excitation signals.
- an abscissa axis representing the speed of rotation of the electric machine, that is to say the rotational speed of its rotor relative to the stator, and an ordinate axis representing a torque setpoint of the machine .
- the operating domains 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 are defined within the operating domain bounded by the boundary 6, the transition from a domain to the higher index domain being done either by increasing the setpoint torque, ie by increasing the speed of rotation of the machine.
- Each of these domains is limited in the upper part by a plate, respectively 7a, 8a, 9a, 10a, 11a and 12a, parallel to the limiting plate 12a in the upper part the operating range delimited by the boundary 6.
- the excitation signal noted hi in a simple manner, is sinusoidal.
- ⁇ is the rotational pulse of the rotor multiplied by the number of poles of the machine.
- the amplitude i of the signal hi grows as a function of the torque, between the domain of the low pairs close to the abscissa axis and the upper boundary of the domain 7.
- the domain 7 is limited, at the moderate values of speed, by a plate 7a for which the amplitude has reached a maximum value a lm -
- the amplitude ai may possibly reach a value less than 1 ⁇ m .
- the map 5 shown here in a simplified manner assigns each point defined by its coordinates (speed, torque) of the domain 7 a value ai.
- the map 5 assigns each point (speed, torque) of the domain 8 a pair of value (ai, a 3 ) representing the amplitudes of the fundamental signal and the harmonic signal of order 3, composing the signal Id.
- the amplitude ai is constant on each vertical line inside the domain 8, and the amplitude a 3 is increasing with the target torque.
- the amplitude ai can have a constant value at 1m along the plate 7a defining the upper boundary between the domains 7 and 8.
- the map 5 defines for each point (speed, torque) of the domain 9, a triplet of values of amplitudes (a ls a 2 , a 3 ) for defining a signal
- a harmonic h 7 of order 7, of amplitude a 7 is added to the previous harmonics.
- a domain 11, where the signal Id includes a harmonic h 9 of order 9, and a domain 12 where the signal Id includes a harmonic hn of order 11, can be defined. According to the embodiments, it is of course possible to limit the composition of Id to harmonics of order less than or equal to 3, 5, 7 or 9.
- a simplified map 5 can be defined as follows:
- the domains 7, 8, 9, 10, possibly 11 and 12, can be limited only by an upper plate, respectively 7a, 8a, 9a, 10a, 11a, 12a, within the operating range defined by the boundary 6
- the height of the plate 7a is given by the maximum amplitude allowed for the injected current.
- This maximum amplitude defines a value lm of the fundamental signal.
- the signal has sincût + lm to 3m 5m sin5cût sin3cût + a + ... converges progressively towards a rectangular signal as as we add the higher order harmonics.
- a harmonic component of rank 5 is added to the signal Id, the amplitude of which is increased until the value of the target torque reaches the plate 9a.
- the injection of the excitation current Id retranslated by the transformed into phase current for each coil of the electric machine, generates an electromotive force (EMF).
- EMF electromotive force
- This electromotive force is estimated in order to inject a second current component Iq, or frame current, which is in first approximation proportional to this electromotive form.
- the frame current Iq is the current injected on the second phase of the equivalent two-phase machine.
- Iq is the current of this equivalent machine along the second axis of the turning point of the transformation.
- This frame current Iq is constructed to have a profile similar to or proportional to the electromotive force of the machine, eliminating if necessary the frequencies that could cause instabilities of the control system.
- FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a device 15 for controlling an electric reluctance machine 36 according to the invention.
- a reluctance machine 36 is provided with a sensor 16 of its rotor position.
- the position sensor 16 may be an inductive or optical type sensor, and may, depending on the variant embodiments, be replaced by a position estimator able to recalculate the position of the rotor as a function of the currents and voltages at the terminals of the different coils. .
- the position sensor 16 makes it possible to define a pulsation ⁇ which is equal to 2 ⁇ , where N is the number of revolutions / second that the rotor performs.
- the pulse ⁇ is converted at an estimator 1 7 of electrical pulsations, in electrical pulses ⁇ , where ⁇ is equal to ⁇ multip bound by the number of pairs of poles of the electric machine 36.
- the electrical pulse ⁇ is then sent to a sine generator 1 8 and to one or more harmonic generators 19.
- the sine generator 1 8 generates a signal of the type sin (cot) and the harmonic generator (s). 1 9 each generate a harmonic of the signal generated by the sine generator 1 8.
- a first harmonic generator 19 can thus deliver a signal sin (3 cot)
- a second harmonic generator 19 can deliver a sin signal (5 cot )
- a third harmonic generator can output a signal sin (5 cot). To simplify the figure, only one harmonic generator has been shown.
- An excitation spectrum selector 20 receives as input a value representative of the speed of rotation of the machine. it is transmitted by the rotor position sensor 1 6, and also receives a torque setpoint value C which is transmitted to it by a torque setpoint generator 21, which takes into account the driver commands as well as different strategies of driving optimization of the vehicle whose driven wheels are driven by the machine 36.
- the excitation spectrum selector 20 is connected to the mapping 5 described in FIG. 2, and as a function of the pair of values of rotation speed and torque setpoint (N, C) of the machine 36, delivers values i, a 3 , a 5 , ... of amplitudes that it sends respectively to the multiplier 22 and the multiplier (s) 23.
- the outputs of the multiplier 22 and the multiplier (s) 23 are sent to an adder 24 whose output is the excitation current Id.
- the excitation current Id is sent to the positive input of a subtracter 25 whose output is sent to a PID regulator 27.
- the output of the PID regulator 27 as well as the output of a second PID regulator 28 are sent on a translator 29.
- the translator 29 converts the two values from the regulators 27 and 28, considered as current coordinates, into the rotating reference (d, q) of the equivalent two-phase machine into three values. representing the necks rants feeding each coil of the actual machine 36, in an abc mark associated with the three phases of the actual coils.
- the translator 29 thus delivers a set value by winding a, b, or c of the machine 36, which is converted into a supply current signal by an inverter 35.
- a second translator 30 receives the input current value as input in one of the phases of the machine 36, by transformation, deduce the current coordinates of the three phases in the stationary three-phase current reference of the machine actual, and converts these values into a pair of current values (id, i q ) corresponding to the currents injected in the equivalent two-phase machine, respectively along the axis d and along the axis q.
- These "measured" values of phase currents of the equivalent machine are subtracted at the level of the subtractors 25 and 26, respectively of two setpoint values Id and Iq arriving at the positive inputs of these two subtractors, before being returned to the PID controllers 27 and 28.
- the development of the excitation current setpoint signal Id has been described above.
- the development of the frame current reference signal Iq is as follows.
- An electromotive force estimator 31 is connected across one of the coils of the machine 36. From measurement of voltage and / or current across this coil, the electromotive force estimator 31 estimates the electromotive force developed by the machine 36. According to the alternative embodiments, the electromotive force estimator may be replaced by an electromotive force sensor disposed in parallel with one of the coils, so as to measure directly the flux passing through the coil. The electromotive force signal estimated by the estimator 31 is sent to an amplifier 34, which is connected to the position sensor 16 and the torque reference generator 21.
- the amplifier 34 is connected to a map 33 making it possible to define, from the speed of rotation of the machine transmitted by the position sensor 16 and the torque setpoint C transmitted by the torque command generator 2 1, a desired amplitude A (N, C) for the armature current Iq.
- the amplifier 34 multiplies the electromotive force signal of the estimator 31 by a suitable coefficient so as to obtain a signal Iq whose amplitude is equal to the value A (N, C) resulting from the mapping 33.
- amplitude of the signal it is possible, for example, to hear the effective value of the signal, ie the average over a period of the signal of the absolute value of the signal.
- other ways of defining the amplitude are also possible, for example an average value of the square of the signal over a period.
- the amplifier 34 may be connected neither to the position sensor 1 6 nor to the torque setpoint generator 21, but to receive as input the signal Id delivered at the output of the summator 24.
- the amp The amplifier 34 may then be configured to calculate the amplitude of this signal Id, the magnitude of the electromotive force from the estimator 31, and to multiply the electromotive force signal from the estimator 31 so as to obtain a signal Iq proportional to the electromotive force, and of magnitude equal to a predefined multiple of the excitation current signal Id.
- the predefined multiple can for example take the value 1.
- the Iq signal from the amplifier 34 is sent to the positive input of the subtracter 26.
- the excitation current signal Id is built in an open loop from the mapping 5, and the frame current signal Iq is built in a closed loop from the electromotive force estimation measured on the machine. .
- the pair of signals (Id, Iq) compose a resultant signal making it possible to determine, by regulation by the regulators 27 and 28, the currents by which the inverter 35 supplies each phase of the machine 36.
- the electromotive force estimator 31 may be designed so as to eliminate from the signal Iq any possible terms of mutual inductance between the different coils of the machine 36. These terms may be Particularly important in the case of a diametral winding machine, wherein each coil includes a stator diameter, each coil being wound so to speak in the extension of a neighboring coil.
- the electromotive force estimator 31 will preferably be designed to transmit to the amplifier 34 an electromotive force value from which the terms related to the electromotive force have been deduced. mutual inductance between the coils.
- the estimator 31 can for example measure the current and the voltage across a coil a, estimating the electromotive force e is related to the coil, and subtract the terms of mutual inductance L b and L ac ⁇ - c,
- L a b and L ac are the mutual inductances between coils a and b and coils a and c
- ib is the current in the coil b and i c is the current in the coil c.
- FIG. 4 schematically illustrates another control device according to the invention.
- FIG. 4 shows elements that are common to FIG. 3, the same elements then bearing the same references.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a device specially adapted to a machine 37 with reluctance with winding on teeth.
- the current signals whose frequency is proportional to a so-called "tooth" frequency may cause instabilities of the control system. It is therefore sought to eliminate these frequencies of the Iq signal injected as armature current.
- the tooth frequency is equal to the number of winding teeth of the machine 37, multiplied by the rotational speed N of the rotor of the machine.
- the device of Figure 4 proposes to proceed as follows: the normalized signal from the amplifier 34, proportional to the electromotive force delivered by the estimator 31, is sent to an FFT converter (Fast Fourier Transform) 38 which extracts a discrete spectrum of the signal from the amplifier 34.
- FFT converter Fast Fourier Transform
- a gear frequency generator 40 which receives at its input the speed of rotation delivered by the position sensor 16, transmits the gear frequency, whose harmonics are to be avoided, to a frequency filter 41.
- the frequency filter 41 receives as input the spectrum delivered by the FFT converter 38, excludes the frequency delivered by the generator 40 as well as its harmonics, and sends the remaining spectrum to a wave generator 39, which thus reconstructs a corresponding signal. to the signal delivered by the amplifier 34, freed from the gear frequency and its harmonics. This signal reconstituted is sent to the positive input of the adder 26, as the frame reference value Iq.
- control method according to the invention for controlling a winding reluctance machine on teeth is particularly advantageous.
- the method makes it possible to obtain performances at maximum torques comparable to those that one can have for a diametral winding machine, which is considerably more expensive to produce.
- the process makes it possible to limit losses of yield by iron losses.
- FIG. 5 illustrates an electromotive force sensor specially adapted to the invention and which can be used in place of the estimator 31 of FIGS. 3 and 4.
- the electromotive force estimators commonly used are generally based on current and voltage across one or more coils of the machine. Such estimators require a reliable model of the machine and need to dedicate a certain computing power to the estimation of the electromotive force.
- a preferred variant of a device according to the invention proposes to put in place, as illustrated in FIG. 5, one or more conductive turns 5 1, which are wound during the manufacture of the stator parallel to one of the stator coils, but are not subsequently powered.
- the turn 5 1 is thus wound around a winding tooth belonging to a rotor segment of a winding reluctance machine.
- This or these turns 5 1 and are traversed by the entire flow through the coil, and the ends 52 of the winding comprising these turns 5 1 are connected to an amplifier 53, itself connected to a sensor voltage converter (not shown) which delivers a voltage directly proportional to the electromotive force associated with the coil.
- the proportionality factor between the voltage between the ends 52 and the electromotive force is equal to the ratio of the number of turns of the winding 5 1 and the number of turns of the coil.
- a winding with a single turn can suffice, but a winding with several turns, made of thin wire, can make it possible to refine the estimate of the electromotive force for the weak couples.
- the voltage sensor for measuring the voltage across the winding is preferably isolated from the computing unit controlling the inverter 35, so as not to risk disturbing the electronics of the computer.
- the amplifier 53 must have a very high input impedance in order to limit as much as possible the current flowing in the winding, which would then disturb the field which it is intended to measure.
- the computing power necessary for the system is limited, and the accuracy of the electromotive force estimation is increased.
- the object of the invention is not limited to the embodiments described, and can be declined in many variants.
- the described control mode can be applied to electrical machines other than electrical machines with diametrical winding or winding reluctance on teeth, for example to a synchronous machine with wound rotor or a switched reluctance machine.
- the way of composing the excitation signal Id may be different from that described.
- the map 5 can freeze the amplitudes of the lower order harmonic signals when a higher order harmonic signal is introduced. It can also derogate from this rule by modulating the relative amplitudes of the different harmonics according to the domain of space (speed, torque).
- the estimator or electromotive force sensor 31 may be based on a measurement made at the terminals of a single coil or at the terminals of a single sensor associated with a coil.
- the estimator or the sensor 31 can, according to another variant, take into account measurements made at the terminals of each of the coils of the machine.
- the elimination of the mutual inductance terms can be done by subtracting linearly the cross - inductance terms proportional to the currents flowing in the other two phases (in the case of According to another variant embodiment, the elimination of the terms corresponding to the mutual inductances can be done by a method of correlation of the currents of the different phases. By eliminating the terms correlated between two phases, it is possible to eliminate the terms related to the mutual inductance, which may disturb the stability of the control system.
- the control method according to the invention by taking into account, in real time, the shape of the electromotive force signal, makes it possible at the same time to limit the iron losses for the low torques of the machine, and to optimize the maximum torque that can be obtained with respect to the maximum current amplitudes allowed for the machine.
- the gain in terms of maximum accessible torque is particularly important in the case of a winding machine on teeth. In the case of a machine with diametral winding, the relative gain in torque is less, but remains interesting.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP12706645.4A EP2673875A2 (fr) | 2011-02-09 | 2012-01-30 | Procede et dispositif de pilotage d'une machine electrique a reluctance |
| JP2013553005A JP2014505459A (ja) | 2011-02-09 | 2012-01-30 | リラクタンス電気機械を制御するための方法および装置 |
| CN2012800084858A CN103354974A (zh) | 2011-02-09 | 2012-01-30 | 用于控制磁阻电机的方法和装置 |
| US13/984,677 US20140139155A1 (en) | 2011-02-09 | 2012-01-30 | Method and device for controlling a reluctance electric machine |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1151040 | 2011-02-09 | ||
| FR1151040A FR2971377B1 (fr) | 2011-02-09 | 2011-02-09 | Procede et dispositif de pilotage d'une machine electrique a reluctance |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2012107665A2 true WO2012107665A2 (fr) | 2012-08-16 |
| WO2012107665A3 WO2012107665A3 (fr) | 2013-07-18 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2012/050187 Ceased WO2012107665A2 (fr) | 2011-02-09 | 2012-01-30 | Procede et dispositif de pilotage d'une machine electrique a reluctance |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20140139155A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2673875A2 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2014505459A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN103354974A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2971377B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2012107665A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20150249417A1 (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2015-09-03 | Rolls-Royce Corporation | Synchronous generator controller based on flux optimizer |
| FR3022415A1 (fr) * | 2014-06-17 | 2015-12-18 | Renault Sas | Methode de pilotage d'une machine synchrone a reluctance variable et machine equipee d'un systeme de pilotage correspondant |
| EP3062431B1 (fr) * | 2015-02-27 | 2021-05-05 | Delta Electronics (Thailand) Public Co., Ltd. | Mise en forme de courant pfc |
| FR3053183B1 (fr) * | 2016-06-22 | 2018-06-22 | Renault S.A.S | Procede d'estimation de la position et de la vitesse du rotor d'une machine a courant alternatif pour vehicule automobile et systeme correspondant |
| WO2018152177A1 (fr) * | 2017-02-14 | 2018-08-23 | KSR IP Holdings, LLC | Systèmes et procédés de compensation d'harmonique |
| FR3084222B1 (fr) * | 2018-07-20 | 2020-06-26 | Renault S.A.S | Procede de determination de la position et de la vitesse du rotor d'une machine electrique synchrone a rotor bobine. |
| JP7035922B2 (ja) * | 2018-09-07 | 2022-03-15 | 株式会社デンソー | 3相回転機の制御装置 |
| CN115549539B (zh) * | 2022-10-31 | 2024-11-29 | 佛山市尼博微电子有限公司 | 一种用于优化电机电磁性能的方法及系统 |
| CN116131689B (zh) * | 2023-03-02 | 2023-08-18 | 南京航空航天大学 | 基于h桥变换器的电励磁双凸极电机转矩分配控制方法 |
| FR3156616A1 (fr) * | 2023-12-06 | 2025-06-13 | Valeo Eautomotive Germany Gmbh | Méthode de contrôle d’une machine électrique tournante |
| CN121483851B (zh) * | 2026-01-09 | 2026-04-28 | 三明伊铂信息技术有限公司 | 一种功率磁芯共模电感及其制备方法 |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS611294B2 (fr) | 1982-07-21 | 1986-01-16 | Achilles Corp | |
| US5189357A (en) | 1986-07-22 | 1993-02-23 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Method and apparatus for improving performance of AC machines |
| US6674262B2 (en) | 2000-11-22 | 2004-01-06 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Motor control apparatus and motor control method |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB0221117D0 (en) * | 2002-09-12 | 2002-10-23 | Black & Decker Inc | Control of electrical machines |
| JP3928575B2 (ja) * | 2003-04-07 | 2007-06-13 | 日産自動車株式会社 | モーター制御装置 |
| JP2005328691A (ja) * | 2004-04-15 | 2005-11-24 | Denso Corp | モータ制御装置 |
| JP4422567B2 (ja) * | 2004-06-30 | 2010-02-24 | 株式会社日立製作所 | モータ駆動装置,電動アクチュエータおよび電動パワーステアリング装置 |
| US20080298784A1 (en) * | 2007-06-04 | 2008-12-04 | Mark Allen Kastner | Method of Sensing Speed of Electric Motors and Generators |
| CN101515780B (zh) * | 2009-04-03 | 2010-09-01 | 东南大学 | 一种注入电流谐波补偿永磁电机定位力矩的控制方法 |
| US8754603B2 (en) * | 2011-07-14 | 2014-06-17 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Methods, systems and apparatus for reducing power loss in an electric motor drive system |
| US20140285124A1 (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2014-09-25 | Universiteit Gent | Control method and device therefor |
-
2011
- 2011-02-09 FR FR1151040A patent/FR2971377B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2012
- 2012-01-30 EP EP12706645.4A patent/EP2673875A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-01-30 WO PCT/FR2012/050187 patent/WO2012107665A2/fr not_active Ceased
- 2012-01-30 US US13/984,677 patent/US20140139155A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-01-30 CN CN2012800084858A patent/CN103354974A/zh active Pending
- 2012-01-30 JP JP2013553005A patent/JP2014505459A/ja not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS611294B2 (fr) | 1982-07-21 | 1986-01-16 | Achilles Corp | |
| US5189357A (en) | 1986-07-22 | 1993-02-23 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Method and apparatus for improving performance of AC machines |
| US6674262B2 (en) | 2000-11-22 | 2004-01-06 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Motor control apparatus and motor control method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2971377A1 (fr) | 2012-08-10 |
| JP2014505459A (ja) | 2014-02-27 |
| US20140139155A1 (en) | 2014-05-22 |
| WO2012107665A3 (fr) | 2013-07-18 |
| FR2971377B1 (fr) | 2013-02-01 |
| CN103354974A (zh) | 2013-10-16 |
| EP2673875A2 (fr) | 2013-12-18 |
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