WO2012113149A1 - 气化炉 - Google Patents

气化炉 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012113149A1
WO2012113149A1 PCT/CN2011/071278 CN2011071278W WO2012113149A1 WO 2012113149 A1 WO2012113149 A1 WO 2012113149A1 CN 2011071278 W CN2011071278 W CN 2011071278W WO 2012113149 A1 WO2012113149 A1 WO 2012113149A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
casing
outlet
cooling
gasification furnace
cooler
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2011/071278
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张建胜
马宏波
顾大地
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tsinghua University
BEIJING YINGDE QINGDA Tech CO Ltd
Original Assignee
Tsinghua University
BEIJING YINGDE QINGDA Tech CO Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tsinghua University, BEIJING YINGDE QINGDA Tech CO Ltd filed Critical Tsinghua University
Priority to EP11859450.6A priority Critical patent/EP2679660B1/en
Priority to JP2013554773A priority patent/JP5756534B2/ja
Priority to KR1020137025106A priority patent/KR101504056B1/ko
Priority to CA2828020A priority patent/CA2828020C/en
Priority to SG2013064233A priority patent/SG192940A1/en
Priority to EA201300949A priority patent/EA028291B1/ru
Priority to PL11859450T priority patent/PL2679660T3/pl
Priority to AU2011360053A priority patent/AU2011360053B2/en
Priority to US14/001,642 priority patent/US9488413B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2011/071278 priority patent/WO2012113149A1/zh
Priority to ES11859450T priority patent/ES2712929T3/es
Publication of WO2012113149A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012113149A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/485—Entrained flow gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/12—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs incorporating cooling arrangements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/52—Ash-removing devices
    • C10J3/526—Ash-removing devices for entrained flow gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
    • C10J3/76—Water jackets; Steam boiler-jackets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
    • C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
    • C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
    • C10J3/845—Quench rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093—Coal
    • C10J2300/0933—Coal fines for producing water gas

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a gasification furnace, and more particularly to a coal gasifier capable of producing a crude gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen by using high-ash-melting coal as a raw material. Background technique
  • the inner layer of the conventional fluidized bed coal gasification furnace using coal water slurry as the raw material usually uses refractory brick material, so the melting point (FT) of the raw material coal ash is generally not more than 1400 °C, thereby limiting the selection of coal type.
  • FT melting point
  • GE's coal-water slurry gasifier requires a raw material coal ash melting point (FT) of generally not higher than 1 350 °C. Therefore, this conventional gasifier limits the use of raw materials, and it is not widely used for inexpensive coal, and the application range is small.
  • the manufacture, installation, maintenance and replacement of refractory bricks is complex and time consuming.
  • the conventional gasifier has a poor cooling effect and a high cost. Summary of the invention
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a gasification furnace which can solve the problem that the selection of the raw fuel coal of the gasification furnace using the coal water slurry as a raw material is limited by the ash melting point and the inability to widely use the cheap coal. It is also adaptable and environmentally friendly.
  • a gasification furnace includes: an outer casing, a top and a bottom of the outer casing are respectively provided with a casing inlet and a casing outlet; and an inner casing, the inner casing is disposed in the casing and spaced apart from the casing Opening, the inner casing defines a gasification chamber, and the top and the bottom of the inner casing are respectively provided with an inner casing inlet and an inner casing outlet corresponding to the casing inlet and the casing outlet, and the inner casing is provided by a membrane a wall having a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet; a nozzle disposed at a top of the outer casing and the inner casing to extend through the outer casing inlet and the inner casing inlet a gasification chamber; a lower case, the lower case is connected to a lower portion of the outer casing, a inner portion of the lower case defines a slag discharge chamber, and a bottom portion of the lower case is provided with a slag discharge port,
  • the gasification chamber is constituted by an inner casing composed of a separate membrane wall, so that the temperature in the gasification chamber can be increased, so that high-ash-melting coal can be used as a raw material production gas.
  • the positioning member provided between the inner bottom wall and the inner casing of the outer casing is stronger than the gas scouring ability of the refractory brick, and is convenient to replace. Further, since a cooler capable of cooling the gas and ash falling from the gasification chamber is provided, the cooling effect is improved, and the service life of the gasifier is improved.
  • the inner casing includes: an upper header, the upper header is annular to define the inner casing inlet; and a lower header, the lower header is annular to define the inner casing Shell outlet; and multiple cooling tubes, each for the cooling tube Two ends are respectively connected to the upper header and the lower header, and the plurality of cooling tubes extend side by side in the up and down direction.
  • the inner casing is constituted by the annular upper header and the lower header and a plurality of cooling pipes which are arranged side by side in the up and down direction between the upper header and the lower header, so that the inner casing is further manufactured. single.
  • the upper header and the lower header are annular tubes. Thereby, both ends of the plurality of cooling pipes can be conveniently welded to the upper header and the lower header, respectively, to further improve the convenience of manufacturing the inner casing.
  • the cooling water inlet of the inner casing is located at a lower portion of the inner casing, and the cooling water outlet of the inner casing is located at an upper portion of the inner casing.
  • the cooling water outlet is disposed at the upper portion of the inner casing, so that the cooling water flows back against the ash and gas and other solid matter in the inner casing, and can be made by the principle of natural circulation.
  • the mixture of water and steam after heat exchange moves upward to further improve the cooling effect on the inner casing.
  • the outer casing includes: an upper head; a lower head; and a straight section, the two ends of the straight section being respectively connected to the upper head and the lower head.
  • the upper head, the straight section and the lower head can be welded together, improving the convenience of manufacturing the outer casing.
  • the lower end of the airway tube is located below the level of cooling water within the lower casing. Thereby, the gas from the gasification chamber enters the cooling water in the lower casing, and then exits from the cooling water and is discharged through the gas outlet, further reducing the temperature.
  • the cooler is an annular plate
  • the cooler water outlet is an annular flat shape extending circumferentially along the annular plate.
  • the cooler is an annular plate, and the opening direction of the cooler water outlet is oriented in a horizontal direction and toward or away from a central axis of the annular plate.
  • the cooler is an annular plate, and an opening direction of the cooler water outlet is oriented obliquely downward or away from a central axis of the annular plate.
  • the cooling effect can be easily adjusted by changing the opening direction of the cooler water outlet.
  • the positioning member includes: an annular groove member mounted on an inner bottom wall of the outer casing around the outer casing outlet and defining an annular groove; and an annular insert plate The upper end of the annular insert is mounted around the outer casing outlet on the outer bottom wall of the inner casing and the lower end of the annular insert is inserted into the annular groove.
  • the positioning component according to the embodiment of the invention has a simple structure, is easy to manufacture and install, and has a long service life.
  • a gasification furnace further includes a cooling screen having a cooling screen passage and a cooling screen water inlet and a cooling screen water outlet respectively communicating with the cooling screen passage, the upper end of the cooling screen
  • An outer bottom wall of the outer casing is connected and sleeved outside the air guiding tube to define an exhaust space with the air guiding tube, wherein the air outlet is in communication with an upper portion of the exhaust space.
  • a lower end of the cooling screen is located below a level of cooling water in the lower casing and the The lower end of the airway tube is located above the level of the cooling water in the lower casing.
  • the produced gas enters the exhaust space, lowers the temperature of the gas, and can be further cooled by the cooling screen during the ascending of the gas, and The heat of the gas can be recovered through the water-cooled screen, and the thermal efficiency of the gasifier is improved.
  • a gasification furnace further includes a cooling screen having a cooling screen passage and a cooling screen water inlet and a cooling screen water outlet respectively communicating with the cooling screen passage, the upper end of the cooling screen
  • An outer bottom wall of the outer casing is connected and sleeved in the air guiding tube to define an exhaust space with the air guiding tube, wherein the air outlet is in communication with an upper portion of the exhaust space.
  • the lower end of the cooling screen is above the level of cooling water in the lower casing and the lower end of the air duct is below the level of cooling water in the lower casing.
  • the air outlet does not need to pass through the cooling screen, so that the structure is more compact.
  • the air outlet has a plurality of water outlets, and the plurality of water outlets are formed on an inner peripheral wall of the air conduit and are distributed in the up and down direction and the circumferential direction.
  • the cooling effect on the ash, gas and other solid materials can be further improved, and the deformation of the gasification furnace is reduced, and the gas is increased. The life of the furnace.
  • the cooler is integrally formed with the air conduit. As a result, the manufacture of the cooler and the air duct is more uniform.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a gasification furnace in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a gasification furnace according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of a gasification furnace according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion indicated by a circle A in Figure 1-3;
  • Fig. 5 is an enlarged schematic view showing a portion indicated by a circle B in Fig. 1-3. detailed description
  • installation should be understood broadly, and, for example, may be fixedly connected, integrally connected, unless otherwise specifically defined and defined. It can also be a detachable connection; it can also be the internal communication of two components; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and those skilled in the art can understand the above terms according to the specific situation in the present invention. The specific meaning in the middle.
  • a gasification furnace includes a casing 100, an inner casing 200, a nozzle 1, a lower casing 300, a cooler 9, a positioning member 11, and an air guiding tube 10.
  • the outer casing 100 is a pressure-bearing outer casing, and the outer and outer casing outlets are provided with a casing inlet and a casing outlet, respectively.
  • the inner casing 200 is disposed within the outer casing 100 and spaced apart from the outer casing 100 such that a space is defined between the inner casing 200 and the outer casing 100.
  • the manner in which the inner casing 200 is disposed in the outer casing 100 is not particularly limited, and for example, the inner casing 200 may be hung on a bracket located outside the gasification furnace.
  • the inside of the inner casing 200 defines a gasification chamber, and the pressure in the gasification chamber is generally 0.1-1. OMPa.
  • the top and bottom of the inner casing 200 are respectively provided with inner casing inlets corresponding to the casing inlet and the casing outlet.
  • the inner casing outlet for example, the inner casing inlet and the casing inlet are aligned in the up and down direction, and the inner casing outlet and the casing outlet are aligned in the up and down direction.
  • the inner casing 200 is composed of a membrane wall having a cooling water inlet N2 and a cooling water outlet N3.
  • the inner casing 200 can be cooled by water instead of the refractory bricks in the outer casing 100, thereby increasing the temperature that the gasification chamber can withstand, for example, up to 1400 degrees Celsius. Therefore, a high-ash-melting coal can be used as a raw material to produce a crude gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
  • an inert gas may be supplied to the space defined between the inner casing 200 and the outer casing 100 through a separate duct to prevent gas generated by the reaction in the gasification chamber from entering the space, and to alternately maintain the space and the gasification chamber Air pressure balance.
  • a nozzle 1 is disposed at the top of the outer casing 100 and the inner casing 200 to extend into the gasification chamber through the outer casing inlet and the inner casing inlet.
  • the nozzle 1 can be mounted in the outer casing inlet and the inner casing inlet, the upper end extending out of the outer casing 100 and the lower end extending into the gasification chamber.
  • nozzle 1 may have three inlets Nla, Nlb, Nlc for injecting coal water slurry and oxidant into the gasification chamber, respectively.
  • the lower case 300 is connected to the lower portion of the outer casing 100, the lower case 300 defines a slag discharge chamber, the bottom of the lower case 300 is provided with a slag discharge port 7, and the lower portion of the lower case 300 may be formed in a tapered shape.
  • An air outlet N5 is disposed on an upper side wall of the lower casing 300, and the gasification chamber communicates with the slag discharge chamber through the outer casing outlet and the inner casing outlet, thereby spraying the coal water slurry into the gasification chamber through the nozzle 1 and After the oxidant combustion gasification reaction, the resulting high temperature gas entrains ash (including slag, unslag, and other solids) through the outer casing outlet and the inner casing outlet into the slag discharge chamber.
  • a cooler 9 is coupled to the outer bottom wall of the outer casing 100 about the outer casing outlet.
  • the cooler 9 may be an annular plate in which a cooling passage is formed, the annular plate being provided with a cooler water inlet communicating with the cooling passage and a cooler water outlet 91, 7j ejected from the cooler water outlet 91 , used to cool the gas and ash discharged from the gasification chamber.
  • the cooler water outlet 91 of the cooler 9 has an annular flat shape extending circumferentially along the annular plate, so that in the abraded state, only the inner diameter of the annular plate can be enlarged, having no effect on the cooler water outlet 91, Still keep the water jet state unchanged, favorable Use high ash melting point coal to improve operational reliability.
  • the positioning member 11 is disposed between the inner bottom wall of the outer casing 100 and the inner casing 200 for positioning the lower end of the inner casing 200.
  • the upper end of the air guiding tube 10 is connected to the cooler 9.
  • the lower end of the air guiding tube 10 extends downward in the slag discharging chamber, and a cooling water passage is arranged in the wall of the air guiding tube 10, and the air guiding tube 10 is provided with a connection with the cooling water passage therein.
  • Nozzles N4a, N4b and water outlet 101 are examples of the air guiding tube 10 for a cooling water passage.
  • the air outlet 10 has a plurality of water outlets formed on the inner peripheral wall of the air duct 10, and the water inlets N4a, N4b of the air duct 10 can pass through the ducts of the lower casing 300 and the external water source. Connected, water enters the airway 10 through the duct and the water inlets N4a, N4b, and then is sprayed into the air duct 10 through the water outlet 101, thereby cooling the gas and ash falling in the air duct 10.
  • the water outlet 101 and the water inlets N4a, N4b of the airway tube 10 may be formed on the outer peripheral wall of the airway tube 10, in which case the cooling water only cools the air tube 10 without the air tube 10
  • the inner peripheral wall is ejected in direct contact with the falling gas and ash.
  • the openings such as the slag discharge port, the air outlet, and the water inlet should be understood in a broad sense, for example, may be a corresponding tube, and corresponding valves may be disposed on the tubes to facilitate control. Opening and closing of these openings.
  • the air outlet has the same meaning as the air outlet.
  • the airway tube 10 may be integrally formed with the cooler 9, for example, in the form of a cylinder having an upper end face having a circular opening.
  • the cooler 9 and the air duct 10 can share the water inlets N4a, N4b, and the cooling water passage inside the cooler 9 communicates with the cooling water passage inside the air duct 10. This further cools the structure of the cooler 9 and the air duct 10 .
  • the lower end of the air guiding tube 10 projects below the cooling water level in the lower casing 300, and the gas and ash in the gasification chamber fall through the air guiding tube 10, and the gas passes through
  • the cooling water in the casing 300 is discharged to the gasification furnace through the gas outlet N5 at the upper portion of the lower casing 300, and the temperature of the gas is further reduced, and the ash falls into the cooling water in the lower portion of the lower casing 300, and is discharged through the slag discharge port 7.
  • the gasification chamber is constituted by the inner casing 200 composed of a separate membrane wall, so that the temperature in the gasification chamber can be increased, so that high-ash-melting coal can be used as a raw material production gas, and the inner casing can be used.
  • the 200 is easy to manufacture, replace and maintain.
  • the positioning member 11 provided between the inner bottom wall of the outer casing 100 and the inner casing 200 is more resistant to gas blasting than the fire resistant brick, and is convenient to replace.
  • the inner casing 200 includes an upper header, a lower header, and a plurality of cooling tubes.
  • the upper header is shown in an annular shape to define the inner casing inlet, and likewise, the lower header is annular to define the inner casing outlet.
  • the upper header and the lower header may both be annular tubes, thereby producing a cartridge.
  • each of the cooling tubes Two ends of each of the cooling tubes are respectively connected to the upper header and the lower header, and the plurality of cooling tubes extend side by side in the up-down direction.
  • the extension of the cooling tube in the up and down direction is not to be understood as a straight tube in which each cooling tube must be vertically extended, and each of the cooling tubes can be partially bent radially outward, as shown in FIG. 1, but generally It extends in the up and down direction.
  • the cooling water inlet N2 of the inner casing 200 is located at a lower portion of the inner casing 200, and the cooling water outlet N3 is located at an upper portion of the inner casing 200.
  • the cooling water entering from the lower cooling water inlet N2 is converted into steam and water after heat exchange.
  • the object can be discharged from the upper cooling water outlet N3 by the natural water circulation principle, thereby achieving a better water circulation.
  • the outer casing 100 includes three sections: an upper head 2, a lower head 4, and a straight section 3, and the two ends of the straight section 3 are respectively connected to the upper head 1 and the lower seal
  • the first 4 is connected.
  • the upper head 2, the lower head 4, and the straight section 3 can be separately fabricated and welded together, so that the outer casing has an oblong shape.
  • the positioning member 1 1 includes an annular groove member 112 and an annular insertion plate 111.
  • the annular channel member 112 is mounted on the inner bottom wall of the outer casing 100 about the outer casing outlet and defines an annular groove.
  • the upper end of the annular insert 111 is mounted around the outer casing outlet on the outer bottom wall of the inner casing 200, and the lower end of the annular insert 111 is inserted into the annular groove, thereby positioning the lower end of the inner casing 200.
  • the water outlet 101 of the airway tube 10 is plural, and the plurality of water outlets 101 are in the up and down direction and the circumference on the inner peripheral wall of the airway tube 10.
  • the upward distribution whereby the gas and ash from the gasification chamber are first cooled by the cooler 9 during the falling process, then falls within the airway tube 10, and are distributed from the entire length of the air duct 10
  • the water sprayed from the water outlet 101 distributed in the circumferential direction from the inner peripheral wall of the air guide tube 10 is cooled, thereby improving the cooling effect.
  • the cooler 9 is an annular plate, and the opening direction of the cooler water outlet 91 is oriented in the horizontal direction and toward or away from the central axis of the annular plate, in the opening direction of the cooler water outlet 91 In the case of the horizontal direction and being oriented away from the central axis of the annular plate, the water ejected from the cooler water outlet 91 can form a swirling flow, further improving the cooling effect.
  • the opening direction of the cooler water outlet 91 is oriented obliquely downward or toward the central axis of the annular plate.
  • the coal water slurry and the oxidant are sprayed from the nozzle 1 into the gasification chamber, and a gasification reaction occurs in the gasification chamber, and the reaction product contains gases (C0, H 2 , H 2 0, C0 2 , CH 4 , etc.), melted and not The molten charcoal-containing slag and a small amount of other components brought in with the raw fuel.
  • the generated high-temperature gas is carried downwardly through the cooler 9 and the air guiding tube 10 with the ash, thereby being cooled and cooled, for example, rapidly cooling from above 1 300 degrees Celsius, so that most of the slag is solidified, and the slag after solidification is not melted.
  • the solid matter and the gas enter the water in the slag discharge chamber, and the slag is discharged through the slag discharge port 7, and the gas is discharged from the water through the air outlet port N5 communicating with the exhaust space.
  • a gasification furnace further includes a cooling screen 8.
  • the cooling screen 8 may be, for example, a cylindrical shape, and the cooling screen 8 has a cooling screen inlet N7 and a cooling water inlet N8, and a cooling screen passage connecting the cooling water inlet N7 and the cooling screen water outlet N8.
  • the upper end and the outer casing of the cooling screen 8 The outer bottom wall is connected and sleeved outside the air duct 10 to define an exhaust space with the air duct 10, and the air outlet N5 communicates with an upper portion of the exhaust space, for example, the air outlet N5 passes through the cooling screen 8 and the exhaust The upper part of the space is connected.
  • the lower end of the cooling screen 8 extends below the cooling water level in the lower casing 300, and the lower end of the air guiding tube 10 is located above the cooling water level. Can prevent gas from entering the cooling screen 8 Inside the space between the lower shells 300.
  • the cooling screen water inlet N7 is located at the lower portion of the cooling screen 8
  • the cooling exhibition water outlet N8 is located at the upper portion of the cooling exhibition 8.
  • the ash from the gasification chamber falls into the cooling water in the outer casing 300, and the generated gas leaves the air duct 10 and enters the exhaust space and moves upward in the exhaust space. During the movement, it can be further cooled by the cooling screen 8, and then discharged through the air outlet N5.
  • the coal water slurry and the oxidant are sprayed from the nozzle 1 into the gasification chamber, and the generated high temperature gas is carried downwardly through the cooler 9 and the air duct 10 with the ash, thereby being cooled and cooled, for example, rapidly cooling from above 1300 degrees Celsius, thereby making the large Part of the slag is solidified, and the solidified slag and the unmelted solid matter fall into the water in the slag discharge chamber, and the slag is discharged through the slag discharge port 7, and the gas exits the air guide tube 10 and enters the exhaust space, and is cooled by the cooling screen 8. , discharged through the air outlet N5.
  • a gasification furnace according to still another embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG.
  • a gasification furnace further includes a cooling screen 8.
  • the cooling screen 8 may be, for example, a cylindrical shape, and the cooling screen 8 has a cooling screen inlet N7 and a cooling water inlet N8, and a cooling screen passage connecting the cooling water inlet N7 and the cooling screen water outlet N8.
  • the upper end and the outer casing of the cooling screen 8 The outer bottom wall is connected and sleeved in the air guiding tube 10 to define an exhaust space with the air guiding tube 10, and the air outlet port N5 communicates with an upper portion of the exhaust space, for example, a section of the air outlet tube passes through the air guiding tube 10 and exhausts The upper part of the space is connected.
  • the upper end of the cooling screen 8 can be connected to the outer bottom wall of the outer casing 100 by, for example, a tie rod passing through the cooler 9.
  • the lower end of the air guiding tube 10 projects below the cooling water level in the lower casing 300, and the lower end of the cooling duct 8 is located above the cooling water level.
  • the water outlet 101 of the airway tube 10 may be formed on the inner wall of the air duct 10 or may be formed on the outer wall.
  • the description of the terms “one embodiment”, “some embodiments”, “example”, “specific example”, or “some examples” and the like means a specific feature described in connection with the embodiment or example.
  • a structure, material or feature is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention.
  • the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily mean the same embodiment or example.
  • the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Description

气化炉 技术领域
本发明涉及一种气化炉，尤其是涉及一种可釆用高灰熔点煤作为原料生产含有一氧化碳 和氢的粗煤气的煤气化炉。 背景技术
传统的以水煤浆为原料的气流床煤气化炉的内层通常使用耐火砖材料，因此要求原料煤 灰熔点 （ FT )一般不超过 1400 °C , 由此限制了对煤种的选择。 例如 GE公司的水煤浆气化炉 对原料煤灰熔点 （FT )要求一般不高于 1 350 °C。 因此， 这种传统的气化炉限制了原料的使 用， 无法广泛使用廉价煤， 应用范围小。 此外， 耐火砖的制造、 安装、保养和更换非常复杂， 费时费力。 此外， 传统气化炉的冷却效果差， 成本高。 发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决上述技术问题之一。为此，本发明的一个目的在于提出一种气化炉， 该气化炉可以解决以水煤浆为原料的气化炉原燃料煤选择受限于灰熔点、无法广泛使用廉价 煤的问题， 并且适应性宽， 对环境友好。
根据本发明一个实施例的气化炉， 包括： 外壳， 所述外壳的顶部和底部分别设有外壳进 口和外壳出口； 内壳， 所述内壳设置在所述外壳内并与所述外壳间隔开， 所述内壳内限定有 气化室，所述内壳的顶部和底部分别设有与所述外壳进口和所述外壳出口对应的内壳进口和 内壳出口， 所述内壳由膜式壁构成， 所述膜式壁具有冷却水进口和冷却水出口； 喷嘴， 所述 喷嘴设置在所述外壳和所述内壳的顶部以通过所述外壳进口和所述内壳进口伸入所述气化 室内； 下壳， 所述下壳与所述外壳的下部相连， 所述下壳内限定了排渣室， 所述下壳的底部 设有排渣口， 所述下壳的上部侧壁上设有出气口， 其中所述气化室通过所述外壳出口和内壳 出口与所述排渣室连通； 冷却器， 所述冷却器绕所述外壳出口连接到所述外壳的外底壁上， 且具有冷却器进水口、 冷却器出水口和形成在其内的冷却通道； 定位部件， 所述定位部件设 置在所述外壳的内底壁与所述内壳之间； 和导气管， 所述导气管的上端与所述冷却器相连且 所述导气管的下端在所述排渣室内向下延伸， 其中所述导气管的壁内设有冷却水通道， 所述 导气管具有分别与所述冷却水通道连通的进水口和出水口。
才艮据本发明实施例的气化炉， 气化室由单独的膜式壁构成的内壳构成， 因此气化室内的 温度可以提高， 从而可以使用高灰熔点煤作为原料生产气体。 此外， 根据本发明实施例的气 化炉， 在外壳的内底壁与内壳之间设置的定位部件相比耐火砖抗气体冲刷能力强， 并且更换 方便。 而且由于设置了可以对从气化室内下落的气体、 灰渣进行冷却的冷却器， 因此冷却效 果提高， 提高了气化炉的使用寿命。
在本发明的一些实施例中， 所述内壳包括： 上联箱， 所述上联箱为环形以限定出所述内 壳进口； 下联箱， 所述下联箱为环形以限定出所述内壳出口； 和多个冷却管， 每个冷却管的 两端分别与所述上联箱和所述下联箱相连， 且所述多个冷却管并排地沿上下方向延伸。 根据本发明实施例的气化炉， 内壳由环形的上联箱和下联箱以及在上联箱和下联箱之间 并排沿上下方向延伸的多个冷却管构成， 因此内壳的制造更加筒单。
在本发明的一些实施例中， 所述上联箱和下联箱为环形管。 由此多个冷却管的两端例如 可以分别方便地与上联箱和下联箱焊接在一起， 进一步提高了内壳制造的方便性。
在本发明的一些实施例中， 所述内壳的冷却水进口位于所述内壳的下部， 所述内壳的冷 却水出口位于所述内壳的上部。
通过将内壳的冷却水进口设置在内壳的下部， 冷却水出口设置在内壳的上部， 使得冷却 水与内壳内的灰渣和气体以及其他固态物逆流，并且可以利用自然循环原理使热交换后的水 与蒸汽的混合物向上移动， 进一步提高对内壳的冷却效果。
在本发明的一些实施例中， 所述外壳包括： 上封头； 下封头； 和直筒段， 所述直筒段的 两端分别与所述上封头和下封头相连。
由此， 例如上封头、 直筒段和下封头可以焊接在一起， 提高了外壳制造的方便性。 在本发明的一些实施例中，所述导气管的下端位于所述下壳内的冷却水液面下方。由此， 来自于气化室的气体进入下壳内的冷却水内， 然后从冷却水内出来， 通过出气口排出， 进一 步降低了温度。
在本发明的一些实施例中， 所述冷却器为环形板， 所述冷却器出水口为沿所述环形板周 向延伸的环形扁状。
来自于气化室的大量未熔灰渣和未燃炭通过冷却器时会对冷却器环形出口造成磨蚀。 由 于冷却器出水口呈环形扁平状， 在环形出口磨蚀条件下扁平出水口形状未变， 出水型态也未 变， 可以保证气化炉正常运行。
在本发明的一些实施例中， 所述冷却器为环形板， 所述冷却器出水口的开口方向沿水平 方向且朝向或偏离所述环形板的中心轴线定向。
可选地， 所述冷却器为环形板， 所述冷却器出水口的开口方向向下倾斜地朝向或偏离所 述环形板的中心轴线定向。
由此， 根据本发明的气化炉， 通过改变冷却器出水口的开口方向， 可以方便地调整冷却 效果。
在本发明的一些实施例中， 所述定位部件包括： 环形槽件， 所述环形槽件绕所述外壳出 口安装在所述外壳的内底壁上且限定出环形凹槽； 和环形插板， 所述环形插板的上端绕所述 内壳出口安装在所述内壳的外底壁上且所述环形插板的下端插入到所述环形凹槽内。
根据本发明实施例的定位部件， 结构筒单， 制造和安装方便， 使用寿命长。
根据本发明实施例的气化炉进一步包括冷却屏，所述冷却屏具有冷却屏通道和分别与所 述冷却屏通道连通的冷却屏进水口和冷却屏出水口，所述冷却屏的上端与所述外壳的外底壁 相连且套设在所述导气管外面以与所述导气管限定出排气空间，其中所述出气口与所述排气 空间的上部连通。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述冷却屏的下端位于所述下壳内的冷却水液面下方且所述 导气管的下端位于所述下壳内的冷却水液面上方。
通过设置冷却屏并且使导气管的下端位于冷却水液面上方， 因此， 生产的气体进入排气 空间， 降低了气体的温度， 并且在气体上升的过程中， 通过冷却屏可以进一步进行冷却， 并 且通过水冷屏可以回收气体的热量， 提高了气化炉的热效率。
根据本发明实施例的气化炉进一步包括冷却屏，所述冷却屏具有冷却屏通道和分别与所 述冷却屏通道连通的冷却屏进水口和冷却屏出水口，所述冷却屏的上端与所述外壳的外底壁 相连且套设在所述导气管内以与所述导气管限定出排气空间，其中所述出气口与所述排气空 间的上部连通。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述冷却屏的下端位于所述下壳内的冷却水液面上方且所述 导气管的下端位于所述下壳内的冷却水液面下方。
通过将冷却展设置在导气管里面， 出气口无需穿过冷却屏， 从而结构更加筒单。
在本发明的一些实施例中， 所述导气管的出水口为多个， 所述多个出水口形成在所述导 气管的内周壁上且沿上下方向和周向上分布。
通过在导气管的内周壁上，沿周向和上下方向分布多个出水口，可以进一步提高对灰渣、 气体和其他固态物的冷却效果， 并且减小了气化炉的变形， 提高了气化炉的使用寿命。
在本发明的一些实施例中， 所述冷却器与所述导气管一体形成。 由此， 冷却器和导气管 的制造更加筒单。
本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出， 部分将从下面的描述中变得明 显， 或通过本发明的实践了解到。 附图说明
本发明的上述和 /或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和 容易理解， 其中：
图 1是根据本发明一个实施例的气化炉的示意图；
图 2是根据本发明另一实施例的气化炉的示意图；
图 3是根据本发明再一实施例的气化炉的示意图；
图 4是图 1- 3中的圆圏 A所示部分的放大示意图； 和
图 5是图 1- 3中的圆圏 B所示部分的放大示意图。 具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例， 所述实施例的示例在附图中示出， 其中自始至终相同或 类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的 实施例是示例性的， 仅用于解释本发明， 而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中， 需要理解的是， 术语 "中心，，、 "纵向，，、 "横向，，、 "上"、 "下"、 "前"、 "后"、 "左"、 "右"、 "竖直"、 "水平"、 "顶"、 "底" "内"、 "外" 等指示的方位或位置关系 为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系， 仅是为了便于描述本发明和筒化描述， 而不是指示或暗 示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、 以特定的方位构造和操作 , 因此不能理解为对本 发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语"安装"、 "相连"、 "连接，， 应做广义理解， 例如， 可以是固定连接， 一体地连接， 也可以是可拆卸连接； 也可 以是两个元件内部的连通； 可以是直接相连， 也可以通过中间媒介间接相连， 对于本领域的 普通技术人员而言， 可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
下面参考附图描述根据本发明实施例的气化炉。
如图 1和 4-5所示， 根据本发明实施例的气化炉包括外壳 100 , 内壳 200 , 喷嘴 1 , 下壳 300 , 冷却器 9 , 定位部件 11 , 和导气管 10。
外壳 100为承压外壳， 外壳 100的顶部和底部分别设有外壳进口和外壳出口。 内壳 200 设置在外壳 100内并与外壳 100间隔开， 从而在内壳 200与外壳 100之间限定出一个空间。 内壳 200设置在外壳 100内的方式没有特别的限制，例如内壳 200可以吊挂在位于气化炉外 面的支架上。
内壳 200内限定有气化室， 气化室内压力通常为大体 0. 1-9. OMPa , 内壳 200的顶部和底 部分别设有与所述外壳进口和所述外壳出口对应的内壳进口和内壳出口， 例如， 内壳进口与 外壳进口在上下方向上对齐， 内壳出口与外壳出口在上下方向上对齐。 内壳 200由膜式壁构 成， 膜式壁具有冷却水进口 N2和冷却水出口 N3。 由此， 可以利用水对内壳 200进行冷却， 替代了外壳 100内的耐火砖， 提高了气化室可以承受的温度， 例如可以达到 1400摄氏度以 上。 因此， 可以使用高灰熔点煤作为原料生产含有一氧化碳和氢的粗煤气。
有利地， 可以通过单独的管道向内壳 200与外壳 100之间限定的空间内供给惰性气体， 以防止气化室内反应生成的气体进入所述空间，并且更换地保持所述空间与气化室内的气压 平衡。
喷嘴 1设置在外壳 100和内壳 200的顶部以通过所述外壳进口和所述内壳进口伸入所述 气化室内。换言之， 喷嘴 1可以安装在所述外壳进口和所述内壳进口内， 上端伸出外壳 100 , 下端伸入气化室内。 例如， 喷嘴 1可以具有三个进口 Nla、 Nlb、 Nlc , 分别用于向气化室内 喷入水煤浆和氧化剂。
下壳 300与外壳 100的下部相连， 下壳 300内限定了排渣室， 下壳 300的底部设有排渣 口 7 , 下壳 300的下部可以形成为锥形。 下壳 300的上部侧壁上设有出气口 N5 , 所述气化室 通过所述外壳出口和内壳出口与所述排渣室连通，从而通过喷嘴 1喷入气化室内的水煤浆和 氧化剂燃烧气化反应后，产生的高温气体夹带着灰渣（包括熔渣、未熔渣和以及其他固体物） 通过所述外壳出口和内壳出口进入所述排渣室。
冷却器 9绕所述外壳出口连接到外壳 100的外底壁上。有利地，冷却器 9可以为环形板， 环形板内形成有冷却通道， 环形板上设有与冷却通道连通的冷却器进水口和冷却器出水口 91 , 7j从冷却器出水口 91 内喷出， 用于对从气化室内排出的气体和灰渣冷却。 有利地， 冷 却器 9的冷却器出水口 91呈沿所述环形板周向延伸的环形扁状， 因此， 在磨蚀状态下可只 是扩大了环形板的内径， 对于冷却器出水口 91没有影响， 仍可保持水射流状态不变， 有利 于使用高灰熔点煤， 提高运行的可靠性。
定位部件 11设置在外壳 100的内底壁与内壳 200之间， 用于定位内壳 200的下端。 导气管 10的上端与冷却器 9相连， 导气管 10的下端在排渣室内向下延伸， 导气管 10 的壁内设有冷却水通道， 导气管 10上设有与其内冷却水通道连通的进水口 N4a , N4b和出水 口 101。
如图 1和 4所示， 导气管 10的出水口为多个， 且形成在导气管 10的内周壁上， 导气管 10的进水口 N4a , N4b可以通过穿过下壳 300的管道与外部水源相连， 水通过管道和进水口 N4a , N4b进入导气管 10内， 然后通过出水口 101喷入到导气管 10内部， 从而对在导气管 10内下落的气体和灰渣进行冷却。
需要理解的是， 导气管 10的出水口 101和进水口 N4a , N4b可以形成在导气管 10的外 周壁上， 在此情况下， 冷却水仅对导气管 10进行冷却， 而不从导气管 10的内周壁喷出与下 落的气体和灰渣直接接触。
需要说明的是， 在本发明中， 诸如排渣口、 出气口、 进水口的开口应作广义理解， 例如 可以是一段相应的管， 并且可以在这些管上可以设置相应的阀门， 以便于控制这些开口的开 闭。 例如， 出气口与出气管具有相同的含义。
在本发明的一个示例中， 如图 1和 4所示， 导气管 10可以与冷却器 9一体形成， 例如 形成一个上端面具有圆形开口的圆筒的形式。 由此， 冷却器 9和导气管 10可以共用进水口 N4a , N4b , 并且冷却器 9内部的冷却水通道与导气管 10内部的冷却水通道连通。 这样可以 进一步筒化冷却器 9和导气管 1 0的结构。
如图 1所示， 在此实施例中， 导气管 10的下端伸入下壳 300内的冷却水液面的下方， 气化室内的气体和灰渣通过导气管 10落下时，气体穿过下壳 300内的冷却水后通过下壳 300 上部的出气口 N5排出气化炉， 进一步减低了气体的温度， 而灰渣落到下壳 300下部的冷却 水内， 通过排渣口 7排出。
根据本发明实施例的气化炉， 气化室由单独的膜式壁构成的内壳 200构成， 因此气化室 内的温度可以提高， 从而可以使用高灰熔点煤作为原料生产气体， 而且内壳 200的制造、 更 换和维护筒单方便。 此外， 在外壳 100的内底壁与内壳 200之间设置的定位部件 11相比耐 火砖抗气体冲刷能力强， 并且更换方便。
如图 1和 5所示， 在本发明的一些具体实施例中， 内壳 200包括上联箱， 下联箱， 和多 个冷却管。 所示上联箱为环形以限定出所述内壳进口， 同样， 所述下联箱为环形以限定出所 述内壳出口。 例如， 所述上联箱和下联箱可以均为环形管， 由此， 制造筒单。
每个冷却管的两端分别与所述上联箱和所述下联箱相连，且所述多个冷却管并排地沿上 下方向延伸。 这里， 需要说明的是， 冷却管沿上下方向延伸不能理解为每个冷却管必须为垂 直延伸的直管， 每个冷却管可以局部沿径向向外弯曲， 如图 1所示， 但是总体上是上下方向 延伸。 由此， 内壳 200的制造更加筒单方便， 便于在现场施工， 降低了成本。
如图 1所示， 内壳 200的冷却水进口 N2位于内壳 200的下部， 冷却水出口 N3位于内壳 200的上部。 如上所述， 从下部的冷却水进口 N2进入的冷却水经过热交换后变成汽水混合 物， 可以依靠自然水循环原理从上部的冷却水出口 N3排出内壳 200 , 由此更好地实现了水 循环。
在本发明的一个具体示例中， 如图 1所示， 外壳 100包括三段： 上封头 2 , 下封头 4和 直筒段 3 , 直筒段 3的两端分别与上封头 1和下封头 4相连。 例如， 上封头 2 , 下封头 4和 直筒段 3可以单独制造后焊接在一起， 从而外壳具有长圆形状。
如图 1所示，定位部件 1 1包括环形槽件 112和环形插板 111。环形槽件 112绕外壳出口 所述安装在外壳 100的内底壁上且限定出环形凹槽。环形插板 111的上端绕所述内壳出口安 装在内壳 200的外底壁上， 环形插板 111的下端插入到所述环形凹槽内， 由此定位内壳 200 的下端。
如图 1和图 4所示， 在本发明的一些实施例中， 有利地， 导气管 10的出水口 101为多 个， 多个出水口 101在导气管 10的内周壁上沿上下方向和周向上分布， 由此， 从气化室下 来的气体和灰渣在下落的过程中， 首先由冷却器 9冷却， 然后在导气管 10内下落， 并且被 从在导气管 10的整个长度上分布的和从导气管 10的内周壁沿周向分布的出水口 101喷出的 水冷却， 由此提高了冷却效果。
在本发明的一些实施例中， 冷却器 9为环形板， 冷却器出水口 91的开口方向沿水平方 向且朝向或偏离所述环形板的中心轴线定向， 在冷却器出水口 91的开口方向沿水平方向且 偏离所述环形板的中心轴线定向的情况下， 从冷却器出水口 91喷出的水可以形成旋流， 进 一步提高冷却效果。 可选地， 冷却器出水口 91的开口方向向下倾斜地朝向或偏离所述环形 板的中心轴线定向。
因此， 才 居本发明的实施例， 通过调整冷却器出水口 91 的开口方向， 可以实现不同的 喷射水流， 由此调节对气体和灰渣的冷却效果。
下面筒单描述图 1所示实施例的气化炉的操作。
水煤浆和氧化剂从喷嘴 1喷入气化室内， 在气化室发生气化反应， 反应产物中含有气体 ( C0、 H2、 H20、 C02、 CH4等）、 熔化的与未熔化的含炭灰渣及随原燃料带入的少量其它组份。 产生的高温气体夹带着灰渣向下通过冷却器 9和导气管 10 ,从而被冷却和降温，例如从 1 300 摄氏度以上快速降温， 从而使大部分熔渣固化， 固化后的熔渣、 未熔固态物和气体进入排渣 室内的水中， 渣通过排渣口 7排出， 而且气体从水中出来通过与排气空间连通的出气口 N5 排出。
下面参考图 1描述根据本发明实施例的气化炉的另一实施例。
如图 2所示， 根据本发明另一实施例的气化炉进一步包括冷却屏 8。 冷却屏 8例如可以 为圆筒状， 冷却屏 8具有冷却展进水口 N7和冷却展出水口 N8以及连通冷却展进水口 N7和 冷却屏出水口 N8的冷却屏通道，冷却屏 8的上端与外壳的外底壁相连且套设在导气管 10外 面以与导气管 10 限定出排气空间， 出气口 N5 与所述排气空间的上部连通， 例如， 出气口 N5穿过冷却屏 8与排气空间的上部连通。
在本发明的一个具体示例中， 如图 2所示， 冷却屏 8的下端伸入到下壳 300内的冷却水 液面下方， 导气管 10的下端位于所述冷却水液面上方， 由此可以防止气体进入冷却屏 8与 下壳 300之间的空间内。
如图 2所示， 如上所述， 根据自然水循环原理， 有利地， 冷却屏进水口 N7位于冷却屏 8 的下部， 冷却展出水口 N8位于冷却展 8的上部。
根据本发明另一实施例的气化炉的其他结构可以与参考图 1所述的上述实施例相同，这 里不再重复描述。
根据本发明的此实施例， 从气化室下来的灰渣落到外壳 300内的冷却水内， 而生成的气 体离开导气管 10后进入排气空间并在排气空间内向上运动， 在向上运动的过程中， 可以由 冷却屏 8进一步冷却， 然后通过出气口 N5排出。
下面筒单描述图 2所示实施例的气化炉的操作。
水煤浆和氧化剂从喷嘴 1喷入气化室内， 产生的高温气体夹带着灰渣向下通过冷却器 9 和导气管 10 , 从而被冷却和降温， 例如从 1300摄氏度以上快速降温， 从而使大部分熔渣固 化， 固化后的熔渣和未熔固态物落入排渣室内的水中， 渣通过排渣口 7排出， 而且气体从导 气管 10出来后进入排气空间， 通过冷却屏 8冷却后， 通过出气口 N5排出。
下面参考图 3描述根据本发明再一实施例的气化炉。
如图 3所示， 根据本发明再一实施例的气化炉进一步包括冷却屏 8。 冷却屏 8例如可以 为圆筒状， 冷却屏 8具有冷却展进水口 N7和冷却展出水口 N8以及连通冷却展进水口 N7和 冷却屏出水口 N8的冷却屏通道，冷却屏 8的上端与外壳的外底壁相连且套设在导气管 10内 以与导气管 10限定出排气空间， 出气口 N5与所述排气空间的上部连通， 例如， 一段出气管 穿过导气管 10与排气空间的上部连通。 需要理解的是， 例如， 由于冷却屏 8套设在导气管 10内， 冷却屏 8的上端可以通过例如穿过冷却器 9的拉杆与外壳 100的外底壁相连。
在本发明的一个具体示例中， 如图 3所示， 导气管 10的下端伸入到下壳 300内的冷却 水液面下方， 冷却展 8的下端位于所述冷却水液面上方。
在本发明的此实施例中， 导气管 10的出水口 101可以形成在导气管 10的内壁上， 也可 以形成在外壁上。
才艮据图 3所示的气化炉的其他结构可以与图 1和图 2所示实施例相同，这里不再重复描 述。
在本说明书的描述中， 参考术语 "一个实施例"、 "一些实施例"、 "示例"、 "具体示例"、 或 "一些示例" 等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、 结构、 材料或者特点包 含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中， 对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指 的是相同的实施例或示例。 而且， 描述的具体特征、 结构、 材料或者特点可以在任何的一个 或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例， 本领域的普通技术人员可以理解： 在不脱离本 发明的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、 修改、 替换和变型， 本发明的 范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种气化炉， 其特征在于， 包括：
外壳， 所述外壳的顶部和底部分别设有外壳进口和外壳出口；
内壳， 所述内壳设置在所述外壳内并与所述外壳间隔开， 所述内壳内限定有气化室， 所 述内壳的顶部和底部分别设有与所述外壳进口和所述外壳出口对应的内壳进口和内壳出口， 所述内壳由膜式壁构成， 所述膜式壁具有冷却水进口和冷却水出口；
喷嘴，所述喷嘴设置在所述外壳和所述内壳的顶部以通过所述外壳进口和所述内壳进口 伸入所述气化室内；
下壳， 所述下壳与所述外壳的下部相连， 所述下壳内限定了排渣室， 所述下壳的底部设 有排渣口， 所述下壳的上部侧壁上设有出气口， 其中所述气化室通过所述外壳出口和内壳出 口与所述排渣室连通；
冷却器，所述冷却器绕所述外壳出口连接到所述外壳的外底壁上，且具有冷却器进水口、 冷却器出水口和形成在其内的冷却通道；
定位部件， 所述定位部件设置在所述外壳的内底壁与所述内壳之间； 和
导气管，所述导气管的上端与所述冷却器相连且所述导气管的下端在所述排渣室内向下 延伸， 其中所述导气管的壁内设有冷却水通道， 所述导气管具有分别与所述冷却水通道连通 的进水口和出水口。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的气化炉， 其特征在于， 所述内壳包括：
上联箱， 所述上联箱为环形以限定出所述内壳进口；
下联箱， 所述下联箱为环形以限定出所述内壳出口； 和
多个冷却管， 每个冷却管的两端分别与所述上联箱和所述下联箱相连， 且所述多个冷却 管并排地沿上下方向延伸。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的气化炉， 其特征在于， 所述上联箱和下联箱均为环形管。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的气化炉， 其特征在于， 所述内壳的冷却水进口位于所述内壳 的下部， 所述内壳的冷却水出口位于所述内壳的上部。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的气化炉， 其特征在于， 所述外壳包括：
上封头；
下封头； 和
直筒段， 所述直筒段的两端分别与所述上封头和下封头相连。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的气化炉， 其特征在于， 所述导气管的下端伸入到所述下壳内 的冷却水液面下方。
7、 根据权利要求 1所述的气化炉， 其特征在于， 所述冷却器为环形板， 所述冷却器出 水口为沿所述环形板周向延伸的环形扁状。
8、 根据权利要求 1所述的气化炉， 其特征在于， 所述冷却器为环形板， 所述冷却器出 水口的开口方向沿水平方向且朝向或偏离所述环形板的中心轴线定向。
9、 根据权利要求 1所述的气化炉， 其特征在于， 所述冷却器为环形板， 所述冷却器出 水口的开口方向向下倾斜地朝向或偏离所述环形板的中心轴线定向。
10、 根据权利要求 1所述的气化炉， 其特征在于， 所述定位部件包括：
环形槽件， 所述环形槽件绕所述外壳出口安装在所述外壳的内底壁上且限定出环形凹 槽； 和
环形插板，所述环形插板的上端绕所述内壳出口安装在所述内壳的外底壁上且所述环形 插板的下端插入到所述环形凹槽内。
11、 根据权利要求 1-10 中任一项所述的气化炉， 其特征在于， 进一步包括冷却屏， 所 述冷却屏具有冷却屏通道和分别与所述冷却屏通道连通的冷却屏进水口和冷却屏出水口，所 述冷却屏的上端与所述外壳的外底壁相连且套设在所述导气管外面以与所述导气管限定出 排气空间， 其中所述出气口与所述排气空间的上部连通。
12、 根据权利要求 11所述的气化炉， 其特征在于， 所述冷却屏的下端位于所述下壳内 的冷却水液面下方且所述导气管的下端位于所述下壳内的冷却水液面上方。
13、 根据权利要求 1-10 中任一项所述的气化炉， 其特征在于， 进一步包括冷却屏， 所 述冷却屏具有冷却屏通道和分别与所述冷却屏通道连通的冷却屏进水口和冷却屏出水口，所 述冷却屏的上端与所述外壳的外底壁相连且套设在所述导气管内以与所述导气管限定出排 气空间， 其中所述出气口与所述排气空间的上部连通。
14、 根据权利要求 13所述的气化炉， 其特征在于， 所述冷却屏的下端位于所述下壳内 的冷却水液面上方且所述导气管的下端位于所述下壳内的冷却水液面下方。
15、 根据权利要求 1所述的气化炉， 其特征在于， 所述导气管的出水口为多个， 所述多 个出水口形成在所述导气管的内周壁上且沿上下方向和周向上分布。
16、 根据权利要求 1所述的气化炉， 其特征在于， 所述冷却器与所述导气管一体形成。
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KR101504056B1 (ko) 2015-03-18
CA2828020A1 (en) 2012-08-30
AU2011360053B2 (en) 2015-10-15

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