WO2012127100A2 - Processus et appareil de déformation plastique intense - Google Patents

Processus et appareil de déformation plastique intense Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012127100A2
WO2012127100A2 PCT/FI2012/050114 FI2012050114W WO2012127100A2 WO 2012127100 A2 WO2012127100 A2 WO 2012127100A2 FI 2012050114 W FI2012050114 W FI 2012050114W WO 2012127100 A2 WO2012127100 A2 WO 2012127100A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
channel
press
deforming
process according
flow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/FI2012/050114
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2012127100A3 (fr
Inventor
Ville Volanen
Mikael Haag
Jari Larkiola
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
PROTOSHOP Oy
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PROTOSHOP Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by PROTOSHOP Oy filed Critical PROTOSHOP Oy
Priority to EP12713197.7A priority Critical patent/EP2714301B1/fr
Priority to CN201280014932.0A priority patent/CN103492098A/zh
Priority to US14/006,951 priority patent/US20140102160A1/en
Priority to RU2013144047/02A priority patent/RU2013144047A/ru
Publication of WO2012127100A2 publication Critical patent/WO2012127100A2/fr
Publication of WO2012127100A3 publication Critical patent/WO2012127100A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/001—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion to improve the material properties, e.g. lateral extrusion
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
    • B21J1/02—Preliminary treatment of metal stock without particular shaping, e.g. salvaging segregated zones, forging or pressing in the rough
    • B21J1/025—Preliminary treatment of metal stock without particular shaping, e.g. salvaging segregated zones, forging or pressing in the rough affecting grain orientation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
    • C21D7/10—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the whole cross-section, e.g. of concrete reinforcing bars
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2201/00—Treatment for obtaining particular effects
    • C21D2201/03—Amorphous or microcrystalline structure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a SPD process and an apparatus. Particularly, though not exclusively, the invention relates to manufacturing nano and UFG (Ultra Fine Grained) metals with the SPD method (Severe Plastic Deformation) by reducing grain size of the materials. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • Durability and loadability of products are based on material properties and form of the product.
  • An effective way to increase competitiveness of technology industry manufacturing is to develop reliable, cheap and flexible production technologies which are improving quality and usability of the product.
  • the SPD method severe Plastic Deformation
  • the SPD method is one new and effective way for improving the properties of the product at the production phase.
  • UFG materials In SPD methods, a heavy deforming is taking place during the production at the same time giving shape for the product and reducing the grain size of the material to micron range. It has been sought to produce UFG materials, that is, fine grained materials with SPD methods in test circumstances. UFG materials are called in this connection also microstructured materials.
  • the grain size may typically be under 1 pm in a microstructured material (the grain size of conventional alloys may be 20 to 100 pm).
  • Microstructured products have diverging properties and property combinations: for example, high strength, good fatigue resistance, persistence and corrosion resistance and good further manufacturability (machinability, superplastic properties).
  • Properties of a microstructured product can be changed by thermal processing: the grain size and properties can be changed in a body location specifically.
  • the range of use of microstructured products is broad such as space technology, transport technology, devices and components relating to health care, sports equipment, food and chemical industry, electronics and defense sector.
  • Microstructured bolts are used among others in automobile and aircraft industry. Microstructured materials are also well suitable for micro bolts, for example.
  • the advantages of the small grain size are exploited also in pistons of combustion engines as well as in sputtering objects utilized in growing of thin films. Due to the clean and strong material the microstructured materials can be used also in implants.
  • a known application of the SPD method is ECAP (Equal Channel Angular Pressing) according to which a rod-like or bar-like piece is compressed into a channel having one or more corners. An axial compression and shear is directed to the material in the angle of the channel where the structure of the material is deformed.
  • a SPD method is known of WO 2006/100448 A1 where metal is processed in order to change the mechanical and/or physical properties of the metal.
  • the grain size of the metal is reduced by feeding a metal piece through a first channel to a second channel which is inclined in relation to the first channel.
  • the metal piece is deformed by repeating the load directed to the metal piece using at least one reciprocating movement in the intersection of the first and second channels.
  • An object of the invention is to provide an alternative SPD process.
  • a second object of the invention is to provide an apparatus for deforming metal with the SPD process.
  • An object of the invention is to enable production of SPD materials as full-scale products.
  • An object of the invention is to enable production of SPD materials with a continuous process.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a SPD process suitable for industrial production, particularly for UFG metals.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a SPD process suitable for industrial production, particularly for nano and UFG metals.
  • a SPD process comprising deforming metal material in an apparatus which comprises a material flow-through channel which is arranged in a first direction, and a press, and the method comprising feeding metal material in the first direction and pressing the material reciprocatively by the press in at least one second direction which is crosswise relative to the first direction, and deforming grain size of the material smaller.
  • a SPD process comprising deforming metal material in an apparatus which comprises a material flow-through channel which is arranged in a first direction, and a press, and the method comprising feeding metal material in the first direction so that the material need not be in a state of extreme stress, and pressing the material reciprocatively by the press in at least one second direction which is crosswise relative to the first direction, and deforming grain size of the material smaller.
  • the material is not pressed or pushed or bended or pulled or twisted in a deformation location in any direction or to any direction in that phase when it is started to deform the material.
  • the material need not be in a state of extreme stress is preferably meant that the material is not pressed or pushed or bended or pulled or twisted in a deformation location in any direction or to any direction in that phase when it is started to deform the material.
  • the press comprises a press channel which is forming part of the flow- through channel.
  • the shearing tools are preferably arranged at edges of on one hand the press (press channel) movable in the second direction, and on other hand of a section (which is stationary, for example) of the flow-through channel neighbouring to the press.
  • the material may be lead repeatedly through the SPD processing.
  • pressing the material perpendicularly relative to the feeding direction of the material Preferably pressing the material perpendicularly relative to the feeding direction of the material.
  • the same effect may be provided also by a rotational pressing perpendicular to the material.
  • pressing the material in a different direction relative to the feeding direction of the material Preferably pressing the material in a different direction relative to the feeding direction of the material.
  • the flow-through channel which comprises an inlet channel and thereafter a press channel which are arranged in the first direction, and forming a material deforming deformation force by moving the press channel reciprocatively relative to the feeding direction (first direction, inlet channel) in at least one second direction.
  • the flow-through channel which comprises an inlet channel and an outlet channel and the press channel between thereof which are arranged in the first direction, and forming a material deforming deformation force by moving the press channel reciprocatively relative to the feeding direction (first direction, inlet channel) and an outlet direction (outlet channel) in at least one second direction.
  • deforming the material in a first pressing region which is formed by a leaving end of an inlet direction (inlet channel) and a starting end of the press (press channel).
  • a second pressing region which is formed by a leaving end of the press (press channel) and a starting end of an outlet channel (outlet direction).
  • feeding the material cyclic in the first direction Preferably pressing reciprocatively the material cyclic by the press in the second direction.
  • the grain size of the material mainly to a range 0.1 to 1 pm for producing UFG material, and under 0.1 pm for producing nano material, most preferably through the entire material.
  • the material may naturally be deformed such that a substantial portion of the material comprises for example material of grain size 0.1 to 1 pm and part of the material may then have larger grain size and part of the material may then have smaller grain size. If a smaller deformation is targeted, by the process the material may naturally be deformed such that the material is deformed lesser than what is desired in order to obtain for example UFG material.
  • Preferably cold forming the material after the SPD deforming for example by cold rolling.
  • an apparatus for deforming metal material to SPD material which apparatus comprises a material flow-through channel which is arranged in a first direction, and a press, and the flow-through channel comprises a material inlet channel and thereafter the press in which inlet channel and press the material is arranged to be moved in the first direction, and the apparatus is configured to press the material reciprocatively by the press relative to the inlet channel in a second direction which is crosswise relative to the first direction.
  • an apparatus for deforming metal material to SPD material which apparatus comprises a material flow-through channel which is arranged in a first direction, and a press, and the flow-through channel comprises a material inlet channel and thereafter the press in which inlet channel and press the material is arranged to be moved in a first axial direction so that the material need not be in a state of extreme stress, and the apparatus is configured to press the material reciprocatively by the press relative to the inlet channel in a second direction which is crosswise relative to the first direction.
  • the apparatus comprises shearing tools which are arranged at edges of on one hand the press movable in the second direction, and on other hand of a part of the flow-through channel adjacent to the press.
  • the press comprises a press channel which is forming part of the flow- through channel after the inlet channel.
  • a leaving end of the inlet channel and a starting end of the press channel are forming at their location a first pressing region.
  • the flow-through channel comprises in the first direction an outlet channel after the press channel, and an outlet end of the press channel and a starting end of the outlet channel are forming at their location a second pressing region. This is, though, not necessary but a deformation is achieved already by one pressing region.
  • the material is arranged to be moved reciprocatively in the second direction supported by the press, more preferably by the press chamber.
  • the apparatus is arranged to direct to the material a shearing deformation force so that the shearing is not lead till cut-off.
  • a controlled shearing state can be achieved in the material so that an inner structure of a continuous piece to be deformed is changed and the piece keeps united (without disintegrating).
  • the material can be deformed in a pure shearing reciprocatively in a second direction relative to the axial (feeding) direction which second direction is perpendicular relative to the axial (feeding) direction. Then, the material need not be in a state of extreme stress.
  • Moving of the continuous body in the axial direction can be implemented controlled and accurate in a desired manner. Forwarding of the body in the axial direction, i.e., true feeding in the axial direction is simple and easy to get desired.
  • wearing of shearing tools can be slowed down substantially compared to a situation in which the extreme stress would be directed to the body to be deformed.
  • the wearing forces directed mainly to a working edge of the deforming tool will stay substantially smaller compared to a situation in which the body would be arranged in a state of axial extreme stress. Damaging caused by axial sticking of the outer surface of the body can also be avoided.
  • the apparatus implementing the process can be designed simple without the property implementing the axial compression.
  • a continuous material deforming process comprising steps: feeding a continuous piece (with a minor force), holding the piece stationary (with a minor force), deforming the piece by shearing which is crosswise relative to the axial direction, feeding etc.
  • all trajectories are numerically controllable for forming a desired SPD material.
  • the described cyclic SPD process is providing an industrially reasonable production manner which is creating a possibility to achieve competitive advantage by producing metal products having a smaller grain size and for which a well working industrial process was prior not known.
  • An industrial production process for mass production can be achieved with the described solutions.
  • the described solutions are providing alternative ways to implement the SPD method.
  • the cyclic pressing process described by the applicant enables production of nano and UFG materials with the SPD method so that the production manner is suitable for large production volumes cost effectively.
  • the described production manner enables production of micro and nano structured materials.
  • the SPD process implemented as a cyclic pressing process is suitable for an industrial production process for nano and UFG metals.
  • an industrial production process for nano and UFG metals By utilizing preferable embodiments of the invention it is possible to achieve such industrial scale production technology which, along production and development of new developed materials, enables production of better environment saving products.
  • the process can be applied for all metal materials.
  • the structure of a product, produced by the process and the apparatus may be compacted such that stress corrosion is decreasing.
  • Microstructured products can be used on a large area practically in all structures, components and products in which metal is used such as supporting and bearing structures, motors and parts thereof, transmissions such as gears, general metal structures, space technology, lightweight structure technology, vehicles, vehicles operating in water, flight apparatuses, transportation technology, devices and components relating to health care, protective devices, sports equipment, food and chemical industry, defense sector such as weapons and projectiles.
  • metal such as supporting and bearing structures, motors and parts thereof, transmissions such as gears, general metal structures, space technology, lightweight structure technology, vehicles, vehicles operating in water, flight apparatuses, transportation technology, devices and components relating to health care, protective devices, sports equipment, food and chemical industry, defense sector such as weapons and projectiles.
  • Fig. 1 shows a principal view of a SPD apparatus according to a first embodiment of the invention where the SPD method is applied;
  • Fig. 2 shows the SPD apparatus of Fig. 1 where material is fed to a centre part and the material is deformed in a reciprocating movement of the centre part in one region;
  • Fig. 3 shows the SPD apparatus of Fig. 1 where the material is deformed in the reciprocating movement of the centre part in one or two regions; and Fig. 4 shows a principal view of a SPD apparatus according to a second embodiment of the invention where material is deformed in one region.
  • Figs. 1 to 3 show a principal view of an apparatus 100 which is applying the SPD method.
  • Metal material 1 is deformed in the SPD apparatus 100 for forming, for example, UFG or nano material.
  • the apparatus 100 comprises a material flow-through channel arranged in a first direction 5 comprising an inlet channel 2 and an outlet channel 4, and a press channel 3 (a press) arranged to a centre part of the apparatus between the inlet channel and the outlet channel, in which inlet channel, press channel and outlet channel the material 1 is arranged to be moved in the first direction 5.
  • the material need not be in a state of extreme stress.
  • the press channel 3 is moved reciprocatively in a second direction 6 relative to the inlet channel and the outlet channel which other direction is crosswise relative to the first direction 5.
  • a leaving end 2' of the inlet channel 2 and a first end 3' of the press channel 3 are forming at their location a first pressing region 7 and a second end 3" of the press channel 3 and a starting end 4' of the outlet channel 4 are forming at their location a second pressing region 8.
  • the grain size of the material 1 can be deformed by one or two pressing regions to size under 1 ⁇ , preferably 0.1 to 1 pm or more in case of nano materials.
  • the material is moved supported by the press channel 3.
  • the material is moved reciprocatively in at least one second direction 6.
  • the reciprocative movement is up and down movement in Figs. 1 to 3.
  • the apparatus comprises guide rollers 9 for feeding the material in the flow-through channel 2, 3, 4.
  • the material can be pushed or fed by means of the guide rollers. If desired, the billet can also be rotated during the process. Naturally, the material can be deformed entirely in the first pressing region 7 so that a reciprocatively shearing pressing is generated in the material which, however, does not lead to cut-off of the material.
  • a front end V of the material 1 is fed in the first direction 5 via the inlet channel 2 for deformation to the centre part formed by the press channel 3.
  • the material is supported in the inlet channel and the reciprocative pressing of the material is started by the centre part moving in the second direction 6 and the material is fed cyclic forward.
  • the apparatus comprises guide rollers 9 for guiding the material to the apparatus 100.
  • the front end V of the material is fed in the first direction 5 for deformation to the centre part formed by the press channel 3 and the material is pressed in second direction 6 by the reciprocatively moving centre part and fed cyclic forward.
  • the centre part is forming the press wherein the material is deformed in the first pressing region denoted with a dashed line 7.
  • the front end V of the material is lead in the first direction 5 through the press channel 3 to the outlet channel 4.
  • the material is deformed in the second direction 6 by the reciprocatively moving centre part and fed cyclic forward.
  • the centre part is forming the press wherein the material is deformed in the first pressing region denoted with a dashed line 7 and the second pressing region denoted with a dashed line 8.
  • Fig. 4 shows an SPD apparatus 100 in which the material 1 is deformed in one pressing and shearing region.
  • the apparatus of Fig. 4 is lacking, relative to the apparatus of Fig. 2, the outlet channel after the press 3 (pressing channel).
  • the material is deformed only in the first pressing region 7.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention a trait à un processus de déformation plastique intense qui comprend une étape consistant à déformer un matériau de métal (1) dans un appareil (100) qui est constitué d'un canal d'écoulement de matériau (2, 3, 4) qui est agencé dans une première direction (5) et d'une presse (3). Le procédé comprend une étape consistant à alimenter le matériau de métal (1) dans la première direction (5) de sorte que le matériau n'a pas besoin de se trouver dans un état d'extrême contrainte, à presser le matériau suivant un mouvement de va-et-vient au moyen de la presse (3) dans au moins une seconde direction (6) qui se trouve dans la direction de la largeur par rapport à la première direction et à déformer la dimension des grains du matériau de manière à la réduire. La présente invention a également trait à un appareil (100) permettant de déformer un matériau de métal (1) de manière à obtenir un matériau de déformation plastique intense.
PCT/FI2012/050114 2011-03-24 2012-02-08 Processus et appareil de déformation plastique intense Ceased WO2012127100A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12713197.7A EP2714301B1 (fr) 2011-03-24 2012-02-08 Appareil et procede de deformation plastique intense
CN201280014932.0A CN103492098A (zh) 2011-03-24 2012-02-08 剧烈塑性变形处理方法及设备
US14/006,951 US20140102160A1 (en) 2011-03-24 2012-02-08 Spd process and apparatus
RU2013144047/02A RU2013144047A (ru) 2011-03-24 2012-02-08 Способ и устройство для осуществления интенсивной пластической деформации

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20110109 2011-03-24
FI20110109A FI124551B (fi) 2011-03-24 2011-03-24 SPD-menetelmä ja laitteisto
FIPCT/FI2011/050494 2011-05-30
PCT/FI2011/050494 WO2012127098A1 (fr) 2011-03-24 2011-05-30 Procédé et appareil de déformation plastique intense (spd)

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012127100A2 true WO2012127100A2 (fr) 2012-09-27
WO2012127100A3 WO2012127100A3 (fr) 2012-11-15

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FI2011/050494 Ceased WO2012127098A1 (fr) 2011-03-24 2011-05-30 Procédé et appareil de déformation plastique intense (spd)
PCT/FI2012/050114 Ceased WO2012127100A2 (fr) 2011-03-24 2012-02-08 Processus et appareil de déformation plastique intense

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FI2011/050494 Ceased WO2012127098A1 (fr) 2011-03-24 2011-05-30 Procédé et appareil de déformation plastique intense (spd)

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20140102160A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2714301B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN103492098A (fr)
FI (1) FI124551B (fr)
RU (1) RU2013144047A (fr)
WO (2) WO2012127098A1 (fr)

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CN113430358A (zh) * 2021-05-19 2021-09-24 西北工业大学 一种大尺寸炮钢棒材碳化物的调控方法
CN113430359A (zh) * 2021-05-19 2021-09-24 西北工业大学 一种大尺寸炮钢棒材的高强韧轧制方法

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CN106238488A (zh) * 2016-09-14 2016-12-21 中国科学院金属研究所 不同压剪复合应变路径下连续大塑性变形的方法和装置
CN110340171A (zh) * 2018-05-18 2019-10-18 刘鹏宇 一种管材成形模具及其成形方法
CN111515284B (zh) * 2020-04-30 2021-05-18 燕山大学 一种板材强变形装置及其工艺
CN111633101B (zh) * 2020-06-10 2021-03-30 燕山大学 一种板材反复变薄弯曲强变形工艺
CN114210836B (zh) * 2021-12-13 2024-06-04 中北大学 一种镁合金组合式剪切挤压变形装置

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CN113430359A (zh) * 2021-05-19 2021-09-24 西北工业大学 一种大尺寸炮钢棒材的高强韧轧制方法

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WO2012127098A1 (fr) 2012-09-27
US20140102160A1 (en) 2014-04-17
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