WO2012131497A2 - Compositions de construction colorées - Google Patents

Compositions de construction colorées Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012131497A2
WO2012131497A2 PCT/IB2012/000872 IB2012000872W WO2012131497A2 WO 2012131497 A2 WO2012131497 A2 WO 2012131497A2 IB 2012000872 W IB2012000872 W IB 2012000872W WO 2012131497 A2 WO2012131497 A2 WO 2012131497A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
surfactant
admixture
water
toner powder
cement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2012/000872
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2012131497A8 (fr
WO2012131497A3 (fr
Inventor
Moray David NEWLANDS
Laszlo Jozsef CSETENYI
Li Zheng
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
University of Dundee
Original Assignee
University of Dundee
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by University of Dundee filed Critical University of Dundee
Priority to GB1318579.8A priority Critical patent/GB2505342B/en
Priority to EP12723903.6A priority patent/EP2691348A2/fr
Publication of WO2012131497A2 publication Critical patent/WO2012131497A2/fr
Publication of WO2012131497A8 publication Critical patent/WO2012131497A8/fr
Publication of WO2012131497A3 publication Critical patent/WO2012131497A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B24/28—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B24/32—Polyethers, e.g. alkylphenol polyglycolether
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/16—Sulfur-containing compounds
    • C04B24/20—Sulfonated aromatic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/04—Portland cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/80—Optical properties, e.g. transparency or reflexibility
    • C04B2111/82—Coloured materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Definitions

  • This invention relates to coloured construction compositions and, in particular, to coloured cement- and gypsum- based compositions such as mortar, plaster, concrete and to an admixture for use in dispersing and suspending the colour in such compositions.
  • Coloured cement- and gypsum- based compositions such as mortar, plaster and concrete are widely used in construction.
  • Coloured concrete in particular is used to produce roof tiles, paving slabs, internal flooring and work surfaces while coloured mortar is used both in external and internal works and coloured plaster can be used to achieve internal decorative finishes.
  • stains and coatings to impart a colour to concrete is the least expensive colouring method.
  • the coloured concrete can suffer from poor durability and re-application may be required over time.
  • coloured compounds are applied to freshly laid concrete and finished manually to create a coloured appearance.
  • the finishing process is labour intensive and costly.
  • integrally coloured concrete In integrally coloured concrete, expensive pigments are employed to colour the concrete. Accordingly, integrally coloured concrete has a high material cost but, as no finishing process is required, a lower labour expense.
  • the pigments employed are hydrophilic inorganic mineral pigments such as iron oxides, chromium oxides and the like. The pigment is introduced into the concrete mix at manufacture in liquid or powder form and the resultant coloured concrete is employed in the usual way.
  • integrally coloured concrete can be less susceptible to fading than concrete coloured using alternative methods, the finished product can nevertheless still be susceptible to surface damage, efflorescence, dirt and mould which can obscure the colour.
  • the application of curing compounds or sealers can sometimes be
  • Toner powder is the fine dry ink used in laser printers, copiers and fax machines. Waste toner powder is derived from two main sources - sub-standard toner powder from the manufacturing process and the residue present in spent cartridges. Even where spent cartridges are recycled, the toner powder removed from spent cartridges is degraded and not suitable for re-use. Moreover, due to the fine nature of toner powder, handling presents a dusting hazard so that the only cost-effective disposal option is landfilling in closed containers. Attempts have been made to find methods to recycle waste toner powder. For example, waste toner powder has been employed in the production of Black Masterbatch, a dye which can be used to colour polymers and is used in the manufacture of plastics products such as automotive parts, sheets and bags.
  • a surfactant admixture for use in cement-based and gypsum-based construction compositions comprising an anionic surfactant, a non-ionic surfactant and water wherein the ratio of the non-ionic surfactant to the anionic surfactant is about 3:1 and the ratio of water to anionic surfactant is about 36:1.
  • the anionic surfactant comprises sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and the non-ionic surfactant comprises polyethylene glycol terf-octylphenyl ether.
  • the water comprises distilled water.
  • the invention also extends to a pigment for colouring cement-based and gypsum- based construction compositions comprising a surfactant admixture as hereinbefore defined, a toner powder and water.
  • the toner powder comprises waste toner powder.
  • the admixture is present in an amount up to 2% of toner powder, more preferably in an amount from about 0.20% to about 0.50% of toner powder and most preferably, in an amount from about 0.30% to about 0.35% of toner powder.
  • the pigment comprises 40% toner powder.
  • the pigment is formed into a pellet, dough or paste.
  • the invention also extends to a construction composition
  • a construction composition comprising cement, water, an amount of toner powder effective to colour the construction composition and a surfactant admixture for dispersing the toner powder in the construction composition.
  • the surfactant admixture comprises an anionic surfactant, a non-ionic surfactant and water wherein the ratio of the non-ionic surfactant to the anionic surfactant is about 3:1 and the ratio of water to anionic surfactant is about 36:1.
  • the admixture is present in an amount up to 2% of toner powder, more preferably in an amount from about 0.20% to about 0.50% of toner powder and most preferably, in an amount from about 0.30% to about 0.35% of toner powder.
  • the cement comprises Portland cement.
  • the construction composition further comprises an aggregate.
  • the aggregate is selected from the group comprising sand, gravel and stone. More preferably, the aggregate comprises sand and gravel to form a coloured concrete composition.
  • the invention also extends to a method for producing a coloured cement-based construction composition comprising mixing the cement with water, an amount of toner powder effective to colour the cement and a surfactant admixture for dispersing the toner powder in the construction composition.
  • the toner powder comprises waste or spent toner powder.
  • the surfactant admixture comprises an anionic surfactant, a non- ionic surfactant and water wherein the ratio of the non-ionic surfactant to the anionic surfactant is about 3:1 and the ratio of water to anionic surfactant is about 36:1.
  • the anionic surfactant comprises sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and the non-ionic surfactant comprises polyethylene glycol terf-octy I phenyl ether.
  • the water comprises distilled water.
  • the invention also extends to the use of a surfactant admixture comprising an anionic surfactant, a non-ionic surfactant and water wherein the ratio of the non-ionic surfactant to the anionic surfactant is about 3:1 and the ratio of water to anionic surfactant is about 36:1 in the preparation of a coloured cement- based construction composition comprising a toner powder.
  • the toner powder comprises waste or spent toner powder.
  • the anionic surfactant comprises sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and the non-ionic surfactant comprises polyethylene glycol fe/f-octylphenyl ether.
  • the water comprises distilled water.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the particle size distribution for the black toner, cyan toner, magenta toner and CEM I Portland cement employed in the Examples
  • Figure 2 illustrates three scanning electron microscope images of the black toner, cyan toner and magenta toner of Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 3 illustrates the setting times of the 5%, 10% and 20% black toner cement paste mixtures in block diagram format
  • Figure 4 illustrates the setting times of the 5%, 10% and 20% red/magenta toner cement paste mixtures in block diagram format
  • Figure 5 illustrates the setting times of the 5%, 10% and 20% cyan/blue toner cement paste mixtures in block diagram format
  • Figure 6 illustrates photographs of the Portland Cement reference sample, the cement paste sample with 20% by weight black toner, the Cement Paste with 20% by weight magenta toner and Cement Paste with 20% by weight cyan toner in the leaching test with bubbles visible on the hydrophobic cement pastes containing toner.
  • hydrophobic waste toner powder can be recycled in an environmentally friendly manner by combining the hydrophobic waste toner powder with hydrophilic cement-based or gypsum-based compositions in a non-hazardous manner to produce improved, durable, integrally coloured cement- based or gypsum-based compositions such as plaster, mortar and concrete.
  • the hydrophobic waste toner is effectively dispersed and suspended for a sufficient period in the surfactant admixtures of the invention to render the resultant
  • compositions suitable for use in plaster, mortar and concrete applications and the like are compositions suitable for use in plaster, mortar and concrete applications and the like.
  • concrete compositions of the invention exhibit improved water tightness to enhance durability and suppress efflorescence over time.
  • the coloured concrete products of the invention exhibit comparable or improved engineering and durability properties compared to non-coloured reference concrete products.
  • the present invention facilitates the use of a recycled product (waste toner powder) at a lower cost than known dedicated concrete pigments whilst reducing and/or avoiding surface treatment and maintenance.
  • the compositions and methods of the invention result in a decorative concrete in one step without requiring modification of known mixing technology.
  • the products are suitable for use in high strength applications such as building construction, railway sleepers and the like.
  • Current market share of coloured concrete is heavily influenced by the high product costs due to the costliness of the pigments employed - e.g. in the United Kingdom concrete pigments currently cost about from £2/kg to £5/kg, giving rise to additional costs from £30 to £707m 3 of concrete compared with costs from £40 to £70/m 3 for grey concrete.
  • the present invention therefore reduces the cost of coloured cement-based and concrete products whilst at the same time disposing of, re-cycling and exploiting what is otherwise a hazardous waste toner product.
  • a multi-component admixture in accordance with the invention is adapted to provide an interface between hydrophobic toner particles and a hydrophilic cement-based or gypsum-based mix such as concrete or plaster, respectively, to facilitate homogeneous mixing of the two materials.
  • the admixture also functions as an anti-flocculant which prevents the hydrophobic waste toner powder from forming flocculates in the hydrophilic cement-based or gypsum-based mixture and facilitates mixing and dispersal of the waste toner powder in the cement- based or gypsum-based mixture.
  • the admixture is made up of a surfactant component having functional groups capable of binding apolaric matter such as waste toner powder.
  • An admixture made up of a combination of an anionic and a non-ionic surfactant has been found to be particularly efficacious.
  • a preferred anionic surfactant for use in the admixture is dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt (sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate) - DBS, CAS Number 25155-30-0.
  • a preferred non-ionic surfactant for use in the admixture of the invention is polyethylene glycol terf-octylphenyl ether (TritonX-100 (Trade Mark), CAS Number 9002-93-1). Where the aforementioned surfactants are employed in the admixture, the polyethylene glycol feri-octylphenyl ether and the sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate are employed in a ratio of about 3:1.
  • the surfactants are diluted in distilled water to form the admixture with a typical ratio of distilled water to the sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate being about 36:1.
  • the amount of admixture employed is dependent on the quantity of the waste toner powder employed to colour the cement-based composition.
  • the required level of admixture was found to depend on the type of admixture and toner powder as well as on their target concentration in water.
  • a dosage of admixture of up to about 2% by weight of the quantity of toner can be employed.
  • a dosage of from about 0.20% to about 0.50% by weight and preferably from about 0.30% to 0.35% by weight of the quantity of toner has been found to be particularly efficacious.
  • the admixture is mixed with the waste toner and water to produce a slurry containing about 40% toner. This slurry is then mixed with the rest of the components of concrete.
  • the inventive admixture is preferably used at a level expressed as being from about 0.30% by weight to about 0.35% by weight of toner as depending on how much toner is added to a cubic meter of concrete, the inventive admixture content relative to the mixing water changes. Accordingly, it is preferable to specify the inventive admixture content as a percentage of toner as this value will remain the same. Accordingly, if a slurry of 40% toner is used as mixing water, the optimum admixture content is 1.2-1.4% in such mixing water.
  • the incorporation of the waste toner powder into a slurry also facilitates re-cycling by eliminating the dusting hazard.
  • the waste toner slurry also facilitates ease of handling and precise proportioning in use.
  • the admixture/toner slurry can also be prepared in more concentrated (suspended in less water but with a maintained admixture to toner ratio typically being maintained) or indeed dilute form, provided the subsequent mixing procedure employed ensures homogenisation of all components.
  • the specified admixture content relative to toner is maintained at from about 0.30% by weight to about 0.35% by weight as described above, a composition containing 60% by weight toner results in a manageable non- dusting earth-dry powder, a composition containing about 55% by weight toner results in a plastic dough, whereas a composition containing about 50% toner results in a paste. All forms avoid segregation during transportation and enable
  • the admixture/toner slurry can be formed into pellets, doughs, pastes or the like for subsequent mixing with the cement-based compositions.
  • the required level of admixture is dependent on the type of admixture and toner powder and their target concentration in water.
  • waste toner is first brought to a slurry (up to 40% by mass) with water containing from about 0.3% - 0.35% admixture.
  • FIG. 1 shows scanning electron microscope images of the black toner, cyan toner and magenta toner of Figure 1. As shown in the drawing, the scanning electron electron microscope revealed that the black toner had spherical particles, whereas the cyan and magenta toner particles were slightly angular, which is in line with differing flow characteristics observed for the dry materials.
  • the setting times are illustrated in block diagram format in Figures 3 to 5. As shown in the drawings, the water content required for standard consistency increased with increasing toner content and the setting times also increased. However, all results were within the range of standard requirement (BS EN 197-1 : Initial setting time ⁇ 60 min. ASTM C150-00: Initial setting time > 60 min and Final setting time ⁇ 600 min).
  • Toner levels tested were 0 (PC (Portland Cement) reference) 5%, 10%, 20% by mass cement in the specimens used for the Setting Time test outlined in
  • Samples were placed in 120 mm cubic containers and 1000 ml distilled, deionised water was used as leachant. A 20 mm spacer was used to make sure each sample was located in the centre of the water bath and all spaces between the samples and the walls and bottom of the container and top water surface were larger than 20 mm.
  • a colorimeter (Fisher Model 45) was used to measure all solutions to identify any discolouration of the leachate solutions. No change in colour was measured for all solutions in 2 weeks thereby indicating that the release of toner material was negligible i.e. less than 1.5 ppm over the period of the test.
  • Follow up tests were also carried out after 6 months showing no further release.
  • a Minolta chroma meter (Model CR-210) was used to measure the surface colour of the Cement Paste samples of the invention prepared as described above. The results were also compared to the pure cyan, magenta, yellow and
  • Table 3 demonstrates that toner can be homogeneously and stably incorporated in concrete, mortar and plaster in accordance with the invention with the proportions and overall quantity of various colour toners governing the colour of the product. A particular desired colour can also be achieved by adjusting and ascertaining by trial the applicable toner proportions in widely available colour charts.
  • Mixtures were also prepared and strength tested as outlined in Table 5 below. All aggregates and sand employed were in saturated surface dry condition. Toner was used as slurry, prepared using the half of the mixing water. The overall admixture content was 1 % of mixing water which falls into the preferred range of 0.30% to 0.35% by weight toner as previously described. The same 1% admixture level was used in the mixing water when 15% and 0% toner was applied in order to have comparable samples which only differ from each other in their toner content.
  • slump is the reduction of height of a 300 mm cone of fresh concrete when removed from its metal sleeve.
  • the resulting concrete has more pores in place of the extra water and consequently lower strength.
  • BS 1217:2008 prescribes that the ISAT values obtained shall not exceed 0.25 ml/(m 2 s) at 10 minutes. This was achieved with 30% toner addition. However, it is believed that desirable ISAT levels can also be achieved with other toner concentrations by adjusting water and fine aggregate contents within the scope of the invention. Nevertheless, the reference concrete is the worst performer with increasing toner addition clearly reducing absorption.
  • the 15% toner sample is close to the ISAT sample and it is believed that a level of about 16-17% toner would be the acceptable for this particular concrete mix.
  • adjustment of other concrete components e.g. water or fine aggregate contents

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un mélange à multiples composants contenant un tensioactif qui est adapté à fournir une interface entre des particules de toner hydrophobes et un mélange à base de ciment ou à base de gypse hydrophile tel que du béton ou un plastifiant pour faciliter un mélange homogène des deux matériaux.
PCT/IB2012/000872 2011-03-30 2012-04-26 Compositions de construction colorées Ceased WO2012131497A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1318579.8A GB2505342B (en) 2011-03-30 2012-04-26 Coloured construction compositions
EP12723903.6A EP2691348A2 (fr) 2011-03-30 2012-04-26 Compositions de construction colorées

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1105365.9 2011-03-30
GB201105365A GB201105365D0 (en) 2011-03-30 2011-03-30 Coloured construction composite

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012131497A2 true WO2012131497A2 (fr) 2012-10-04
WO2012131497A8 WO2012131497A8 (fr) 2012-11-29
WO2012131497A3 WO2012131497A3 (fr) 2013-01-17

Family

ID=44067635

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2012/000872 Ceased WO2012131497A2 (fr) 2011-03-30 2012-04-26 Compositions de construction colorées

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2691348A2 (fr)
GB (2) GB201105365D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012131497A2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014138787A1 (fr) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Close The Loop Technologies Pty Ltd Additif à base de toner modifié pour compositions à base d'asphalte

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3642506A (en) * 1969-11-28 1972-02-15 Swift & Co Method for improving the properties of hydraulic cementitious mixtures
US4202809A (en) * 1977-07-15 1980-05-13 The Dow Chemical Company Styrene-butadiene-acrylonitrile interpolymer latex based cement additives
DE69311055T2 (de) * 1992-10-23 1997-09-11 Toyo Ink Mfg Co Wasserlösbare oder Wasserdispergierbare, organisches Silizium enthaltende Zusammensetzung die antibakterielle und Antipilz Eigenschaften aufweisen
MY132071A (en) * 1995-05-11 2007-09-28 Cure Corp C A composition and method for dispersing pigment in cement based compositions
JP4635429B2 (ja) * 2002-11-15 2011-02-23 セイコーエプソン株式会社 インクジェット記録用インク
JP2009001743A (ja) * 2007-06-25 2009-01-08 Sumitomo Seika Chem Co Ltd 水性コーティング材
EP2178807A1 (fr) * 2007-08-10 2010-04-28 Construction Research and Technology GmbH Additif modificateur de rhéologie pour compositions cimentaires moulées à sec

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014138787A1 (fr) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Close The Loop Technologies Pty Ltd Additif à base de toner modifié pour compositions à base d'asphalte
US9139717B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2015-09-22 Close The Loop Technologies Pty Ltd. Ground tire rubber additive and asphalt including same
AU2014231764B2 (en) * 2013-03-15 2017-11-30 Close The Loop Technologies Pty Ltd Modified toner based additive for asphalt-based compositions
US9926436B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2018-03-27 Close The Loop Technologies Pty Ltd. Asphalt including modified toner based additive

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB201105365D0 (en) 2011-05-11
GB2505342B (en) 2019-01-09
WO2012131497A8 (fr) 2012-11-29
WO2012131497A3 (fr) 2013-01-17
GB2505342A (en) 2014-02-26
GB201318579D0 (en) 2013-12-04
EP2691348A2 (fr) 2014-02-05

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