WO2012143686A2 - Compositions pour la croissance et la vigueur dans le coton - Google Patents

Compositions pour la croissance et la vigueur dans le coton Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012143686A2
WO2012143686A2 PCT/GB2012/000368 GB2012000368W WO2012143686A2 WO 2012143686 A2 WO2012143686 A2 WO 2012143686A2 GB 2012000368 W GB2012000368 W GB 2012000368W WO 2012143686 A2 WO2012143686 A2 WO 2012143686A2
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Prior art keywords
wax
particles
organic material
coating composition
cotton
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Ceased
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PCT/GB2012/000368
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English (en)
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WO2012143686A3 (fr
Inventor
Nicholas Huggh Hylton JESSOP
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Exosect Ltd
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Exosect Ltd
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Publication of WO2012143686A3 publication Critical patent/WO2012143686A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/12—Powders or granules
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/24—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing ingredients to enhance the sticking of the active ingredients
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests in coated particulate form
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
    • C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
    • C05F11/08—Organic fertilisers containing added bacterial cultures, mycelia or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
    • C05F11/10—Fertilisers containing plant vitamins or hormones
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
    • C05G5/38—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings layered or coated with wax or resins
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D191/00—Coating compositions based on oils, fats or waxes; Coating compositions based on derivatives thereof
    • C09D191/06—Waxes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to coating compositions including an organic component for applying to cotton seeds from which roots and shoots are capable of growing, uses of coating compositions on cotton seeds, methods of producing such coating compositions and cotton seeds coated with such coating compositions.
  • the invention relates to coating compositions that comprise an organic material and at least one additive that enhances plant growth and/or plant vigour.
  • Young cotton plants grown from seed are vulnerable to abiotic and environmental stresses, particularly in growing habitats that have low rainfall and/or sub-optimal soil quality. Losses due to sub-optimal soil quality are typically realised in the growth of young plants lacking plant vigour in which the plants do not become well established, such as where the rooting systems do not develop and in circumstances where essential elements in the soil are not readily available. Agronomic losses due to young cotton plants not being well established remain unacceptably high on soils which are for example mineral deficient despite the employment of conventional inorganic seed coatings that typically include essential elements for establishing young seedlings. A problem with the use of such conventional seed coatings is that they introduce nutrients to the soil in unbalanced quantities and this can have adverse effects on plant growth and vigour in unforeseen ways.
  • such conventional coatings are typically applied in the form of wet slurries to cotton seeds. Once applied, the coatings are typically dried on the seeds and this drying may cause further abiotic stress to cotton seed, which in turn may have deleterious consequences on the viability of young plants grown from such seed. Additionally, such conventionally applied coatings may not be applied to cotton seeds evenly, and as a consequence, such coatings tend to be susceptible to chipping and/or flaking. Furthermore, the degree of coating uniformity over seeds of such conventionally applied coatings typically is not optimal, with a percentage of seeds of any one batch receiving little or no coating depending on the coating method being deployed.
  • seed treatment and “seed coating” are used interchangeably for the compositions of the invention and their uses to treat seeds by any of the specific methods described in the prior art that provide an improvement, typically an enhancement, of seedling vigour.
  • Commonly used ingredients in seed treatment compositions include antidotes and safeners; fertilisers, micronutrients and inoculants; bioregulators of natural or synthetic origin which are either hormones or interfere in hormone metabolism and do not influence plant nutrition; and/or bioregulators which contribute to plant growth by enhancing nutrient uptake.
  • a cotton seed coating composition wherein the coating composition is in the form of particles wherein the particles comprise i) at least one organic material selected from waxes having a melting point of ⁇ 50°Centigrade; and ii) at least one additive for enhancing seedling vigour and/or seedling growth from cotton seeds wherein the at least one additive is selected from one or more inorganic additives and/or one or more live biological agents.
  • the organic materials of use in the invention act as a carrier for desired additives for placing on or near to seeds.
  • Cotton seed is one from which roots and shoots are able to grow.
  • Reference to “seed” and “seeds” is used interchangeably herein and means viable cotton seeds to which compositions of the invention may be applied.
  • Cotton seed as provided herein means seeds that are capable of germinating to at least conventional levels of germination typical of cotton seed.
  • “Enhancing seedling vigour and/or seedling growth” as used herein means improving seedling vigour and/or seedling growth relative to the seedling vigour and/or growth of seedlings of the same age grown conventionally on similar matrices, such as soils, that is to say, seedlings whose seeds have not been treated as described herein.
  • the organic material used in the present invention is selected from organic materials selected from waxes that can be applied to cotton seeds either as a powder wherein the powder particles are of a pre-determined volume mean diameter (V D) or the powder particles are applied in liquid form, such as an oleaginous formulation or as an aqueous formulation.
  • the organic materials, such as waxes of use in the invention act as a carrier for desired additives for placing on or near to seeds.
  • the particles of use in seed coating compositions of the invention possess a volume mean diameter of a certain size as defined herein.
  • organic materials in the form of, for example, 1 to 5 kilogram blocks or tablets may be broken up or kibbled into small millimetre-sized pieces (such as from 2mm - 8mm approximate diameter in size, for example from 4mm to 6mm) in a kibbling machine.
  • the millimetre-sized pieces can then be passed through a comminuting means such as a standard mill, e.g.
  • dry powder compositions of the invention comprise composite particles having a volume mean diameter of ⁇ 5pm, for example of 10pm, 11pm, 12pm, 13pm, 14pm, 15pm up to 40pm or any value there inbetween.
  • the volume mean diameter of the composite particles is typically ⁇ 10pm or >12pm and may lie in the range from 10pm to 200pm and may have a value that lies anywhere there inbetween, for example from 10pm to 100pm; or from >10pm to 40pm; or from ⁇ 10pm to 30pm or any desired volume mean diameter value in between.
  • dry powder compositions of the invention comprise particles having a volume mean diameter of ⁇ 5pm, for example of 10pm, 11pm, 12pm, 13pm, 14pm, 15pm and the like up to any volume mean diameter of choice, such as up to 200pm or any volume mean diameter in between for example 40pm or 30pm.
  • Such compositions are considered to be less of a thoracic hazard to humans and are not thought to be allergenic.
  • particles of a pre-determined volume mean diameter are suspended therein in a suspension formulation and applied to the seeds which are then dried using conventional drying procedures.
  • the organic material is applied to cotton seeds in a dry powder form, the particles of the organic material may have a volume mean diameter of any conventional size as herein described.
  • such organic materials may include added further components such as added UV blockers or added antioxidants or the like.
  • Dry powders of the present invention may be made up of one or more organic materials that have a melting point at or above 50°C and which are of use in the present invention. Suitable organic materials of use in the invention include waxes selected from natural, synthetic and mineral waxes.
  • waxes of use in the invention have a melting temperature of ⁇ 50°C, more preferably of >60°C, and most preferably are made up of hard waxes having a melting point of ⁇ 70°C.
  • natural waxes of use in the present invention include carnauba wax, beeswax, montan wax, Chinese wax, shellac wax, spermaceti wax, myricyl palmitate, cetyl palmitate, candelilla wax, castor wax, ouricury wax, sugar cane wax, retamo wax, rice bran wax and the like.
  • the organic material is selected from carnauba wax, beeswax, montan wax, Chinese wax, shellac wax, spermaceti wax, myricyl palmitate, cetyl palmitate, candelilla wax, castor wax, ouricury wax, and rice bran wax; or a mixture of two or more thereof.
  • Synthetic waxes of use in the present invention include suitable waxes selected from paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, Polyethylene waxes, Fischer-Tropsch waxes, substituted amide waxes, polymerized a-olefins and the like.
  • Mineral waxes of use in the invention include montan wax (e.g. Lumax® Bayer) ceresin wax, ozocerite, peat wax and the like.
  • suitable organic materials are made up of particles of a size range as herein defined and may be selected from waxes such as carnauba wax, beeswax, montan wax, Chinese wax, shellac wax, spermaceti wax, candelilla wax, castor wax, ouricury wax, and rice bran wax; or a mixture of two or more thereof.
  • waxes typically display a high enthalpy of lattice energy during melt.
  • the organic material is carnauba wax which may be applied in liquid form, typically in the form of a suspension, or powder form as discrete particles.
  • the organic material is applied in dry powder form to cotton seeds.
  • the skilled addressee will appreciate that the actual VMD of particles of use in the invention that are used on cotton seed will be appropriate to the size of the cotton seeds to which the particles are to be applied. Furthermore, the skilled addressee will also appreciate that where the VMD is defined as being ⁇ 10 ⁇ or >12 ⁇ the size of the particles will be governed by the size of the seed to which it is applied and such a range should be construed as being commensurate therewith. Thus, the size range of particles of use in the invention is not open-ended in respect of an upper size limit but only insofar as such a limit is applicable to cotton seed to which particles of the invention may be expected to adhere as a coating. The limit in the sizing of the particles of use in seed coatings of the invention will be apparent to the skilled addressee for cotton seed.
  • the one or more additives for enhancing seedling vigour and/or seedling growth from cotton seeds may be selected from one or more inorganic or chemical additives and/or one or more live biological agents.
  • Suitable inorganic additives or inorganic agents include commercially available NPK fertilisers that may be added to cotton seed coatings of the invention. These may be added in the form of dry powders of soluble ions that include the so-called primary macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium; the so-called secondary macronutrients such as calcium, sulphur, and magnesium; and the so-called "micronutrients" (trace minerals such as boron, chlorine, manganese, iron, zinc, copper, molybdenum, and selenium).
  • Micronutrients are taken up in relatively large quantities and are present in plant tissue in quantities from about 0.2% - 4% on a dry weight basis. "Micronutrients” are taken up in smaller quantities and are present in plant tissue in quantities measured in parts per million (ppm), ranging from about 5 - 200 ppm, or less than 0.02% dry weight.
  • Additives may be selected from bioregulators commonly applied in the art such as brassinosteroids, cytokinines e.g. kinetin or zeatin, the auxins e.g. indolylacetic acid or indolylacetyl aspartate, the flavonoids and isoflavanoids e.g. formononetin or diosmetin, the phytoaixins e.g.
  • glyceolline phytoalexin-inducing oligosaccharides such as pectin, chitin, chitosan, polygalacuronic acid and oligogalacturonic acid, compounds such as the gibellerins produced by rhizobial symbionts and endophytic microorganisms such as acetobacter diazotrophicus and herbaspitillum seropedicae and the like.
  • mycorrhizal fungus are also capable of augmenting levels of available nutrients in the soil with further organic and inorganic nutrients that are assimilable by a crop plant.
  • Suitable species of mycorrhizal fungus include those that are capable of colonising a host plant's roots, either intracellular ⁇ as in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), or extracellularly as in ericoid mycorrhizal (EM) fungi.
  • Examples of AMF mycorrhizae of potential use in the invention include those from the Glomus, Gigaspora, Acaulospora and Sclerocystis. Suitable species include Glomus fasciculatum, G. intraradices, G. claroideum; G. intra, G. claru , G. brasi!ianum, G. deserticola, G. monosporus, G. mosseae, G.tortuosum, G, sinuosum, Gigaspora margarita, Gigaspora gigantean and Acaulospora longuiar.
  • E Emitochlococcus .
  • pezizella A suitable genus of EM of potential use in the invention is Pezizella.
  • species of bacteria and fungi of potential use are those that are able to act on inorganic and/or organic substrates to release compounds in soluble form from such substrates, such as phosphorus.
  • species of bacteria include those from Alcaligenes, Acinetobacter, Azospirillum, Bacillus, Enterobacter, Erwinia, Flavobacterium, Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Burkholderia, and Serratia.
  • species of the Bacillus genus are Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus coagu/ans, species of the Azospirillum genus such as Azospirillum brasilense, species of the Pseudomonas genus, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas aurantiaca, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas poae, and Pseudomonas trivialis, species of the Rhizobium genus such as Bradyrhizobium and Rhizobium leguminosarum, and species of the Paenibacillus genus (formerly considered as Bacillus genus) such as Paenibacillus iautus.
  • Rhizobium inoculants may be sourced from such companies as Becker Underwood and EMD Crop Bioscience.
  • a further live biological inoculant that is useful for cotton seed coating is Trichoderma, a fungus that is capable of making available, and in the adsorption of, mineral nutrients from the soil such as by solubilising unavailable phosphorus and zinc in the soil.
  • Other capabilities of the fungus include the decomposition of organic matter and so releasing calcium, potassium, and nitrogen available for plant use.
  • certain Trichoderma species can be used to contribute to a balanced fertilisation of plants in the field and thereby the requirement for adding large amounts of artificial fertilisers may be reduced by as much as 50% depending on crop type.
  • Such Trichoderma species are known in the art, for example from the University of the Philippines Los Bafios (UPLB), Institute of Biological Sciences.
  • additives for increasing fertiliser efficiency, plant productivity, growth, and nutrient accumulation may be sourced from such commercial sources as Incotec Inc., Germains, Bayer CropScience, and Becker Underwood. Suitable additives may be selected from commercially available products such as Auxigrow(R) (Auxein Corp., Lansing, Mich., USA) and Amisorb(R) (Donlar Corp., Chicago) or the so-called phytochelates described by A. M. Kinnersley in Plant Growth Regul. (1993), 12(3), 207-18, which are thought to influence the availability to the plant of minimal amounts of certain metals such as Zn, Fe, Cu and the like for optimal growth and productivity.
  • Auxigrow(R) Auxein Corp., Lansing, Mich., USA
  • Amisorb(R) Donlar Corp., Chicago
  • phytochelates described by A. M. Kinnersley in Plant Growth Regul. (1993), 12(3), 207-18, which are thought to influence the availability to the plant of minimal amounts of certain
  • Examples of the (atter include polymers of L-lactic acid, L-lactoyllactic acid and water-soluble polyaspartates.
  • Other additives that may be applied to cotton seed coatings of the invention include the kind of adjuvants that are found in conventional commercial agrochemical formulations. Suitable additives for inclusion into cotton seed coatings of the invention may be selected from those described by Chester L. Foy Pestic. Sci.(1993) 38, pp.65-76; and in EP 0357559. Seed coating compositions of the invention may further include conventional additives such as agents having wetting, dispersing and de-foaming modes of action. Suitable surface-active compounds are non-ionic, cationic and/or anionic surfactants having good emulsifying, dispersing and wetting properties.
  • Such adjuvants for crop protection formulations are obtainable from fine chemicals producers [e.g. Clariant AG (Muttenz, Switzerland)] and include (fatty)alcohol alkylphenol ethoxylates, polyarylphenol ethoxylates, dispersing phosphates, taurides and/or alcohol monosuccinates.
  • surfactants also comprises mixtures of surfactants and natural or synthetic phospholipids of the cephatin and lecithin series, e.g. phosphatidyl-ethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol, lysolecithin sugar esters.
  • a typical de-foaming agent is Fluowet PL80B(R) (Clariant AG) and typical antifreeze compounds are glycols and polyethylene glycols.
  • Further ingredients may include solid or liquid substances ordinarily employed in formulation technology, e.g. natural or regenerated minerals, tackifiers, thickeners or binders.
  • Other suitable additives are emulgating protein hydrolysates, e.g. as described in EP 0297426.
  • Dyes often used in seed treatment compositions include water-insoluble or water-soluble dyes.
  • compositions of the invention examples include Colanyl Red(R) (Clariant AG, uttenz), Rhodamin B, white pigment (titanium dioxide) or Luconyl(R).
  • additives may be used to ensure that the formulation disperses well, does not settle or freeze and differentiates the seeds from untreated seeds.
  • Other special additives which are known to enhance seedling vigour in particular in combination with certain pesticides, e.g.
  • fungicides in combination with 3 ⁇ 4',5',6'-tetrachloro-2,4,5,7-tetraiodo- fluorescein may be applied to the seeds in a combined amount that is effective, preferably synergistically effective, to increase seedling vigour and plant growth.
  • the organic particles of use in compositions of the invention may contain other further components such as additives selected from UV blockers such as beta-carotene or p- amino benzoic acid, colouring agents such as optical brighteners and commercially available colouring agents such as food colouring agents, plasticisers such as glycerine or soy oil, antimicrobials such as potassium sorbate, nitrates, nitrites, propylene oxide and the like, antioxidants such as vitamin E, butylated hydroxyl anisole (BHA), butylated hydroxyto!uene (BHT), and other antioxidants that may be present, or mixtures thereof.
  • additives selected from UV blockers such as beta-carotene or p- amino benzoic acid, colouring agents such as optical brighteners and commercially available colouring agents such as food colouring agents, plasticisers such as glycerine or soy oil, antimicrobials such as potassium sorbate, nitrates, nitrites, propylene oxide and
  • Seed compositions of the invention may be applied to cotton seed at a rate of application from 0.1 g to 500 g, preferably from 1 g to 100 g, most preferably from 5 g to 50 g of the active ingredient (a.i.) per 100 kg of seed.
  • Liquid formulations of the invention may be formulated as an aqueous formulation or as an oleaginous formulation, depending on design.
  • Aqueous formulations may include surfactants selected from commercially available surfactants such as Tween 20, Silwet L77, Tween 80, Torpedo II, Newmans T80, Fortune, Guard, Rhino, Biopower, and the like.
  • Oleaginous formulations may contain any oil suitable for use in the present invention which may be selected from petroleum oils, such as paraffin oil, and vegetable oils such as rapeseed oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, palm oil and the like.
  • Oil formulations of use in the invention contain organic particles of the invention and as described herein and these in turn may be admixed with flow agents such as hydrophilic precipitated silicas, for example Sipernat 383 DS, Sipernat 320, EXP 4350, and Sipernat D- 17 and the like.
  • flow agents such as hydrophilic precipitated silicas, for example Sipernat 383 DS, Sipernat 320, EXP 4350, and Sipernat D- 17 and the like.
  • Such free-flowing agents may be dispersed in oils, for example, for anti- foaming purposes.
  • the liquid element should be removed from the coated cotton seeds after coating is achieved, for example by drying off using conventional evaporative drying processes.
  • Coatings of organic materials of use in the present invention also serve to protect immediately planted cotton seeds from soil borne pathogens, that is to say, ones that are able to colonise the cotton seeds, such as the seed cuticle and/or ones that populate the soil and which are capable of acting on cotton seeds.
  • soil borne pathogens are typically bacteria and/or fungi.
  • soil borne bacterial and fungal pathogens that attack cotton plants include Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Xanthomonas campestris pv malvacearum, Erwinia herbicola, Rhizoctonia spp. e.g. R. solani, Pythium spp, Sclerotium spp. such as S.
  • rolfsii Fusarium spp. such as F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, P ytophthora spp., Verticillium spp. such as V. dahliae, Phoma spp. such P. exigua, A!ternaria spp. such as A. macrospora, A.retemata, and the like.
  • the coating composition is a seed coating composition.
  • the organic materials are selected from one or more organic materials having a melting point of ⁇ 50°Centigrade, more preferably of ⁇ 60°C and most preferably are made up of hard waxes having a melting point of >70°C.
  • Suitable organic materials of use in the invention include waxes selected from natural, synthetic and mineral waxes. Most preferably organic materials of use in the invention are made up of hard waxes having a melting point of ⁇ 70°C.
  • Examples of natural waxes of use in the present invention include carnauba wax, beeswax, montan wax, Chinese wax, shellac wax, spermaceti wax, myricyl palmitate, cetyl palmitate, candelilla wax, castor wax, ouricury wax, sugar cane wax, retamo wax, rice bran wax and the like.
  • the organic material is selected from carnauba wax, beeswax, montan wax, Chinese wax, shellac wax, spermaceti wax, myricyl palmitate, cetyl palmitate, candelilla wax, castor wax, ouricury wax, and rice bran wax; or a mixture of two or more thereof.
  • Synthetic waxes of use in the present invention include suitable waxes selected from paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, Polyethylene waxes, Fischer-Tropsch waxes, substituted amide waxes, polymerized or-olefins and the like.
  • Mineral waxes of use in the invention include montan wax (e.g. Lumax® Bayer) ceresin wax, ozocerite, peat wax and the like.
  • suitable organic materials are made up of particles of a size range as herein defined and may be selected from waxes such as carnauba wax, beeswax, montan wax, Chinese wax, shellac wax, spermaceti wax, candelilla wax, castor wax, ouricury wax, and rice bran wax; or a mixture of two or more thereof.
  • the organic particles have a mean volume diameter of ⁇ 10pm, preferably selected from the range of from ⁇ 10pm to 200pm, as herein described and as appropriate for the cotton seeds to which the particles are to be applied.
  • solid organic material wherein the solid organic material is a wax having a melting point of >50°C;
  • additives for enhancing seedling vigour and/or seedling growth selected from one or more inorganic additives and/or one or more live biological agents.
  • the organic material in this aspect of the invention may be selected from organic materials and may be selected from organic waxes having a melting point of ⁇ 50°C, more preferably of ⁇ 60°C, and most preferably are made up of hard waxes having a melting point of ⁇ 70°C.
  • Suitable waxes for use in the invention those as described hereinbefore, and include carnauba wax, beeswax, montan wax, Chinese wax, shellac wax, spermaceti wax, candelilla wax, castor wax, ouricury wax, and rice bran wax or a mixture of two or more thereof.
  • the selected organic material includes a substantial proportion of carnauba wax up to 100%, for example 1%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or more or any proportion therein between, the rest being made up of at least one other organic material as herein defined.
  • the selected organic material is solely carnauba wax which may contain further added components as herein described, such as UV blockers, antioxidants such as vitamin E and the like.
  • the one or more additives for enhancing seedling vigour and/or seedling growth may be selected from one or more inorganic additives and/or one or more live biological agents as herein defined.
  • a method of coating cotton seeds with a coating composition that comprises at least one organic material wherein the organic material is selected from waxes having a melting point of >50°Centigrade, the method comprising i) obtaining a population of particles of wax admixed with additives wherein the particles are of a pre-determined VMD; and ii) applying the population of particles of i) to cotton seeds.
  • the skilled addressee will appreciate that environmental factors that may affect cotton seed viability includes such factors as extremes of heat, loss of moisture and the presence of pathogens such as bacteria and/or fungi.
  • the skilled addressee will also appreciate that the pre-determined VMD will be appropriate to the size of the cotton seed to which the coating is to be applied.
  • a method of coating cotton seeds with a coating composition of the invention that comprises an organic material that is selected from waxes having a melting point of >50°Centigrade, the method comprising i) obtaining said organic material; ii) heating the organic materials so as to form a liquid phase or a gaseous phase; iii) cooling the liquid phase or gaseous phase of ii) to below the melting point of the organic material, forming a solid; iv) adding one or more additives to the solid formed in iii); v) machining the solid organic material of iii) into particles of a pre-determined VMD as herein defined; and vi) applying the particles of v) to cotton seeds.
  • a method of coating cotton seed with a coating composition of the invention that comprises an organic material that is selected from waxes having a melting point of >50°Centigrade, the method comprising i) obtaining organic material; ii) heating the organic materials so as to form a liquid phase or a gaseous phase; iii) adding one or more additives to the liquid phase or gaseous phase of ii); iv) cooling the liquid phase or gaseous phase of iii) to below the melting point of the organic material, forming a solid; v) machining the solid organic material of iv) into particles of a pre-determined V D as herein defined; and vi) applying the particles of iv) to cotton seeds.
  • the organic material of use in the invention may comprise one or more organic materials selected from organic materials as herein defined.
  • the organic material is carnauba wax.
  • two or more organic materials of use in the invention may be heated together so as to form a liquid phase or a gaseous phase during which phases the organic material may be mixed, if required.
  • the organic materials Once the organic materials are mixed they may be cooled to below the melting point of the organic material possessing the lowest melting point in the liquid phase (where a gas phase is employed, this will be cooled to a liquid phase), forming a solid which may then be machined, such as by comminution, into particles of a pre-determined VMD as herein defined using conventional procedures.
  • additives may be added to the organic materials at points indicated above. It will be appreciated that the person skilled in the art will understand at what point or points in the described processes additives may be added to the organic material, depending on the additive material to be added to the organic material forming particles of use in the invention. Once the organic material is in the form of particles of a known VMD, the particles may be applied to cotton seed using conventional means employed in the art.
  • the treatment composition is applied to the cotton seed in dry particulate form or liquid form as hereinbefore described, and preferably in dry particulate form.
  • the organic carrier material in the above aspect and variant aspect of the invention may be selected from organic materials selected from organic waxes having a melting point of ⁇ 50°C, more preferably of >60°C, and most preferably are made up of hard waxes having a melting point of ⁇ 70°C.
  • Suitable waxes for use in the invention include carnauba wax, beeswax, Chinese wax, shellac wax, spermaceti wax, candelilla wax, castor wax, ouricury wax, and rice bran wax or a mixture of one or more thereof.
  • the selected organic material includes a substantial proportion of carnauba wax up to 100%, for example 1 %, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or more or any proportion therein between as herein described, the rest being made up of at least one other organic material as herein defined.
  • the selected organic material is solely carnauba wax which may contain further additives as herein defined.
  • the particles of use in the above aspect of the invention and the accompanying variant aspects of the invention possess a volume mean diameter of ⁇ 10pm, such as ⁇ 12pm such as in the range of from ⁇ 10pm to 200pm, for example from ⁇ 10pm to 100pm; or from >10pm to 40pm; or from ⁇ 10pm to 30pm or any desired volume mean diameter value in between.
  • dry powder compositions of the invention comprise particles having a volume mean diameter of >10pm, for example of 10pm, 11 pm, 12pm, 13pm, 14pm, 15pm and the like up to any volume mean diameter of choice, such as up to 200pm or any volume mean diameter in between for example 40pm or 30pm. More preferably compositions of the invention comprise particles having a volume mean diameter of from about 12pm to 200pm.
  • Rock Phosphate (Garden Direct.UK) with a 30% P 2 0 5 content is crushed using a pestle and mortar and then passed through a 32 micron mesh sieve.
  • V D 75pm Carnauba wax particles
  • V D 75pm Carnauba wax particles
  • a homogeneous mix of is attained through tumbling seed and carnauba wax formulation in a cylinder, adapted to produce lateral mixing/tumbling through the inclusion of angled interior vanes, placed on a Wheaton roller for 5 minutes.
  • Mycorrhizae concentration is measured by diluting 1gm in 11 of water, before further diluting by taking 1 ml of the suspension and making it up to 1000ml. A 20pl sample is then added to an Improved Neubauer Counting Slide and a count made of 4 large squares (0.1 mm A 3) in both of the grids. The mean for each square is calculated and the mean of the two grids used to produce a measurement of spores per 100nl of water. The dilution factor is then applied to produce an approximation of the number of spores per gram.
  • the kibbled pieces are then passed through an Apex Construction Ltd Model 314.2 Comminuting Mill (serial no. A21306) and reduced further in size to a range of 250 to 300um.
  • the comminuted particles are then passed through a Hosokawa Micron Ltd Alpine 100AFG jet mill (serial no. 168092) following the manufacturer's instructions, setting the mill at a speed of 8000rpm for particles having a VMD of approx. 16pm, with a positive system pressure of 0.03bar.
  • the grinding air is to be kept to 6 bar, the system rinsing air flow and Classifying Wheel gap rinsing air are both to be set at a minimum of 0.5 bar and no more than 0.75bar, the cleaning air filter is to register a delta of no more than 5bar to achieve a final particle size with a VMD of approx. 16um.
  • Carnauba wax particles (VMD of 16pm) are combined with at a ratio of 1 :3 (Mycorrhizae:Carnauba wax particles) in a 50ml tube using a Stuart roller mixer set at 25rpm for 5 minutes. This can then be used to calculate the quantity of spore/Carnauba wax particles powder mix required for the seed coating based on a standard of 1x10 4 spores gram '1 of seed.
  • a homogeneous mix of is attained through tumbling seed and carnauba wax formulation in a cylinder, adapted to produce lateral mixing/tumbling through the inclusion of angled interior vanes, placed on a Wheaton roller for 5 minutes.
  • Chitosan (>75% Deacetylated chitin, Poly(D-glucosamine)) (Sigma Aldrich.UK) is crushed using a pestle and mortar and then passed through a 32 micron mesh sieve.
  • Carnauba Wax Particle Sizing Steps in Air Milling in Boyes Micronisation Process for carnauba wax particles with a VMD of approx. 75pm
  • the kibbled pieces are then passed through an Apex Construction Ltd Model 314.2 Comminuting Mill (serial no. A21306) and reduced further in size to a range of 250 to 300um.
  • the comminuted particles are then passed through a Hosokawa Micron Ltd Alpine 100AFG jet mill (serial no. 168092) following the manufacturer's instructions, setting the mill at a suitable speed at a speed of 2500rpm for particles having a VMD of 75 m, with a positive system pressure of 0.03bar.
  • the grinding air is to be kept to 6 bar, the system rinsing air flow and Classifying Wheel gap rinsing air are both to be set at a minimum of 0.5 bar and no more than 0.75bar, the cleaning air filter is to register a delta of no more than 5bar to achieve a final particle size with a VMD of approx. 75pm as required.
  • Chitosan is combined with Carnauba wax particles (VMD 75pm) at a ratio of 1:19 (Chitosan:Carnauba wax particles).
  • a homogeneous mix is attained through tumbling seed and carnauba wax formulation in a cylinder, adapted to produce lateral mixing/tumbling through the inclusion of angled interior vanes, placed on a Wheaton roller for 5 minutes.
  • Seeds are planted in two 84 well plug trays using moist seed potting compost (John Innes No.2). The trays are placed in a Vitopod propagator (Greenhouse Sensations, UK) at 20°C. Moisture content (Brannan Soil Moisture Meter, Fisher Scientific, UK) and pH levels (Brannan Soil pH meter, Fisher Scientific, UK) are checked to ensure that the conditions are consistent across the tray. The order of the treatments is randomised (by row units) to reduce any unforeseen bias.
  • the plants are carefully transplanted from the plugs to 7cm square pots filled with a sterilised top soil.
  • the macro-nutrient (nitrates, phosphates and potassium) content of the top soil is measured using a La Motte Model STH-4 soil testing kit and recorded.
  • the propagators are set at 19°C, 25°C and 31°C.
  • Light is provided on a 16:8 Ligh Dark cycle using a twin bulb T5 lighting array suspended 150mm above the propagator (Lightwave T5, 48w, 3300 lumens).
  • T5 tubes (6500 Kelvin) deliver the bright blue/white light required by the plant for growth without emitting much heat which may scorch tender seedlings
  • Moisture content and pH levels are checked to ensure that the conditions are consistent across the propagator by measuring six random plants along a pathway (alternating between a W and Z). This is repeated for each propagator.
  • Plants are watered as required based on conditions to maintain consistent soil moisture content of 18% throughout all plants.
  • the lids of the propagators are removed at such time as required due to the plant height.
  • Plant tissue is measured for macro-nutrient content using the instructions provided with a La Motte Model PT-3R Plant Tissue Test kit.
  • the percentage data (root colonisation data) were arcsine trans-formed.
  • the influence of the factors and their interactions are tested with a two-way analysis of variance. Where the ANOVA reveals significant effects by the factors, the differences between treatments are separated using a posf hoc least significant difference (LSD), multiple comparison test (p ⁇ 0.05).
  • LSD least significant difference
  • Phosphorus (P) is an essential part of the process of photosynthesis.
  • Potassium is absorbed by plants in larger amounts than any other mineral element except nitrogen and, in some cases, calcium.
  • Potassium is supplied to plants by soil minerals, organic materials, and fertilizer.
  • Both Potassium and Phosphorus can be found in soluble form in Monobasic Potassium Phosphate or KP(KH 2 P0 ), a soluble salt commonly used as a fertiliser and plant growth supplement.
  • MKP Monopotassium phosphate
  • Carnauba is heated on a hotplate at 100°C to a molten state.
  • Monopotassium phosphate (MKP) is dissolved in deionised water to the required concentration.
  • the MKP solution is slowly added to the molten wax under stirring at 1500rpm. Stirring continues for 5 minutes before the water/wax emulsion is poured onto a metal sheet to cool.
  • the resulting solid wax including micro-droplets of MKP is then micronized in an air mill to a VMD of approx. 10.3.
  • the kibbled pieces are then passed through an Apex Construction Ltd Model 314.2 Comminuting Mill (serial no. A21306) and reduced further in size to a range of 250 to 300um.
  • the comminuted particles are then passed through a Hosokawa Micron Ltd Alpine 100AFG jet mill (serial no. 168092) following the manufacturer's instructions, setting the mill at a speed of 12,500rpm with a positive system pressure of 0.03bar.
  • the grinding air is to be kept to 6 bar, the system rinsing air flow and Classifying Wheel gap rinsing air are both to be set at a minimum of 0.5 bar and no more than 0.75bar, the cleaning air filter is to register a delta of no more than 5bar to achieve a final particle size with a VMD of approx. 10.3um.
  • Wax particles containing 10% MKP are added to 10g of Cotton seed, cv. DP69, at loadings of 0.1 % and 1 % by mass. Seed is well mixed to ensure a homogenous distribution across the seed. A third batch of seed is combined with unformulated carnauba wax particles as a control.
  • the pots are filled with a sieved, heat-sterilised seed mix (Levingtons F1 Seed and Modular Compost - Low Nutrient)) to level with the top of the cell.
  • Low Conductivity 250-280 pS, Standard pH: 5.3-5.7, Mg/litre added: N - 100, P - 200, K - 200.
  • the gravel trays are then placed in a thermostatically controlled plant growth chamber (Fitotron SGC120, Weiss Gallenkamp, Loughborough, UK). Temperature cycling is set at 20 o C/10°C on a 16/8hr schedule. Lighting at 150 ⁇ m "2 s"1 on a 16/8hr photoperiod is introduced at first emergence.
  • a thermostatically controlled plant growth chamber (Fitotron SGC120, Weiss Gallenkamp, Loughborough, UK). Temperature cycling is set at 20 o C/10°C on a 16/8hr schedule. Lighting at 150 ⁇ m "2 s"1 on a 16/8hr photoperiod is introduced at first emergence.
  • Plants are watered daily from the bottom in order to maintain a compost moisture level of approximately 40% in the cells
  • plants After 10 days the plants are removed from the individual cells and the compost mix separated from the root structure. Plants from each 10 cell tray are combined and separated into shoots, made up of the first true leaves and growing tip, and roots.
  • a second set of calibration standards obtained from a different manufacturer.
  • Samples are dried and ground to pass through a 1mm screen.
  • Instrument Calibration Standard Values must be within 3% of the known value for K and Mo. All other elements must be within 2% of the known value.
  • Instrument Calibration Verification Standard Values must be within 10% of the certified values.
  • rhizobacteria Several bacterial species are able to impart a beneficial effect upon plant growth. Usually they are associated with the plant rhizosphere, so they are called as rhizobacteria. This group of bacteria has been termed plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, and among them are strains from genera such as Alcaligenes, Acinetobacter, Arthrobacter, Azospirillum, Bacillus, Burkholderia, Enterobacter, Erwinia, Flavobacterium, Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, and Serratia.
  • Saprophytic fungi are also known to solubilise both organic and inorganic phosphates.
  • Several genus, including Trichoderma, Penicillium, and Gliocladium have exhibited potential as biofertilisers. Morales et al (20 1 ) demonstrated that Penicillium albidum was able to solubilise 64mg of organic/inorganic phosphate per gram of fungi.
  • a dry spore powder of a phosphate solubilising organism such as Penicillium bilaii.
  • Spores are combined with carnauba wax particles with a VMD of approximately 10pm (obtained following the milling procedure decribed above with the exception that the milling speed was set at 12,500 rpm) at a ratio of 1:3.
  • the powders are agitated to create a homogenous mix and applied to sterilised cotton seed at a loading of 0.1% ⁇ by mass). Additional batches of seed are treated with spores only (0.1 %), Entostat only (0.1 %) and untreated seed.
  • Pikovskays' medium is used to demonstrate phosphate solubilising activity of the treated seed. 9cm petri dishes are divided into quadrants and a seed is placed in the centre of each quadrant. Plates are incubated at 20°C for 4 days.
  • Active phosphate solubilising agents produce clear zones around the seed as they solubilise the insoluble mineral phosphates within the media.
  • the radius of the clear zones is measured and compared to the mean results achieved for each treatment. Differences are analysed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey Post-Hoc diagnostic test where significance is found.
  • Seeds are treated as described above.
  • Ca 3 (P0 ) 2 is used as a source of insoluble phosphate.
  • a single cotton seed is placed in the cross-cut X in the top of each cube. Seed trays are then covered to maintain a humid environment and regularly top watered with the 1% Ca 3 (P0 4 ) 2 suspension to maintain a moist cube. Trays are incubated at 20°C and 10°C on a 16/8hr thermal cycle. On germination the cover is removed and the seedling exposed to lighting on a 16/8hr photoperiod.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne une composition d'enrobage pour application sur une graine de coton à partir de laquelle des racines et des pousses sont capables de croître, ladite composition d'enrobage comprenant un ou plusieurs matériaux organiques ayant un point de fusion de ≥ 50 °Centigrade et un ou plusieurs additifs, des procédés de fabrication de telles compositions et des graines de coton enrobées.
PCT/GB2012/000368 2011-04-20 2012-04-19 Compositions pour la croissance et la vigueur dans le coton Ceased WO2012143686A2 (fr)

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GB2490250B (en) 2015-12-02

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