WO2012146875A1 - Moteur à turbine comportant une protection métallique d'une pièce composite - Google Patents
Moteur à turbine comportant une protection métallique d'une pièce composite Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012146875A1 WO2012146875A1 PCT/FR2012/050937 FR2012050937W WO2012146875A1 WO 2012146875 A1 WO2012146875 A1 WO 2012146875A1 FR 2012050937 W FR2012050937 W FR 2012050937W WO 2012146875 A1 WO2012146875 A1 WO 2012146875A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- protection
- composite part
- engine
- upstream
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/14—Form or construction
- F01D5/147—Construction, i.e. structural features, e.g. of weight-saving hollow blades
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
- F01D5/282—Selecting composite materials, e.g. blades with reinforcing filaments
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/30—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers
- F01D5/3084—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers the blades being made of ceramics
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/30—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers
- F01D5/3092—Protective layers between blade root and rotor disc surfaces, e.g. anti-friction layers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D9/00—Stators
- F01D9/02—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
- F01D9/04—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector
- F01D9/042—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector fixing blades to stators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
Definitions
- the invention relates to gas turbine engines, in particular, for use in the aeronautical field.
- a gas turbine engine intended to be mounted on an aircraft, conventionally comprises a plurality of parts which are connected to each other by fasteners of different types such as flanges.
- two parts of the motor may be caused to slide against each other along their contact surfaces due to thermal expansion.
- a low pressure distributor of a gas turbine engine comprises a plurality of metal vanes which are fixedly mounted in the metal casing of the engine.
- each blade comprises a lower platform and an upper platform which are shaped to attach respectively to a lower case member and an upper case member of the engine.
- the blade platforms and the crankcase elements expand, causing a slippage between the platform and its crankcase element in which it is fixed.
- the surface contact of two pieces is commonly referred to as "fretting" by those skilled in the art. The higher the fretting, the lower the fatigue resistance of the parts.
- the invention proposes to protect the contact surfaces of composite material platforms by covering them with a metal protection.
- the invention originates from the attachment of a distributor blade of composite material in a metal housing but it applies to the fixing of any composite material part with a metal part and which is subject to "fretting".
- the invention relates to a gas turbine engine having at least a first composite part arranged to be mounted in a second metal part of the engine, the first composite part having an interface surface intended to be in surface contact with the second metal part, the motor having a metal protection mounted removably on the first composite part and adapted to cover said interface surface.
- the metal protection advantageously protects the matrix of the composite part which improves the life of the assembly.
- the second metal part is only in surface contact with the metal protection which limits the damage by fretting.
- the metal protection has a shape complementary to the composite part so as to form a metal skin on the composite part.
- the first composite part comprises a radial blocking means of the metal protection.
- the metal protection is thus secured to the composite part while being free to expand.
- the radial blocking means is in the form of an annular groove.
- the metal protection comprises an annular lip adapted to cooperate with the annular groove.
- the metal protection is blocked radially with the composite part by cooperation of the annular groove with the annular lip.
- the metal protection comprises an annular groove whose cavity is turned towards the second metal part.
- the metal shield being formed by deformation of a metal flat sheet
- the annular groove is formed facing the annular lip on the metal sheet.
- the metal protection is derived from a metal flat sheet which reduces the manufacturing cost of the protection. Deformation of the metal foil to form the annular lip on one side of the sheet results in the formation of an annular groove on the opposite side of the metal foil.
- the metal sheet has a constant thickness which reduces the manufacturing cost of the protection.
- the motor comprises a seal in the annular groove of the metal protection so as to ensure a seal between the metal protection and the metal part.
- the seal is toric.
- the first composite part is a stator blade and the second metal part is a motor housing.
- Composite stator dawn, covered with a protection metal, is advantageously fixed in the metal housing of the engine which prevents damage to the blade by fretting.
- FIG. 1 represents a sectional view of a blade of a low pressure distributor of a gas turbine engine according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 represents a close-up view of the upstream contact zone between the lower platform of the vane and a lower casing element of the gas turbine engine of FIG. 1.
- an aircraft gas turbine engine extends axially along an axis X.
- upstream and downstream are defined below with respect to the direction of the gases in the engine, the X axis being oriented from upstream to downstream in Figure 1.
- the low pressure distributor of the engine comprises a plurality of stator vanes 1 which are mounted in the metal housing of the engine 2.
- the blade 1 is made of composite material formed from fibers embedded in a matrix.
- the composite material comprises glass fibers embedded in a ceramic matrix (CMC).
- the blade 1 comprises an upper attachment platform 1 1 and a lower attachment platform 12 which are formed of composite material.
- Each platform January 1, 12 comprises an upstream leg 13 and a downstream leg 14 which are fixed to the housing 2 of the engine.
- the casing 2 comprises an upper casing element 21 and a lower casing element 22 to receive respectively the upper attachment platform 1 1 and the lower attachment platform 12.
- each housing element 21, 22 comprises an upstream flange 23 and a downstream flange 24 arranged to be respectively in surface contact with the upstream and downstream tabs 13 as shown in FIG. 1.
- each platform 11 , 12 is made of texture of loosened.
- a texture of looseness is characterized by a separation, in its thickness, of the sheet of fibers forming the platform to form two separate layers, called legs of hairline, which deviate radially from each other, while remaining connected by the ceramic matrix.
- the lugs 13, 14 of ceramic material of the blade 1 from being damaged by surface contact with the flanges 23, 24 of the casing 2
- the lugs 13, 14 are covered with a metal protection 3 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the metal upstream flange 23 comprises a radial annular surface S1 intended to come into contact with a radial annular surface S2 (or interface surface S2) of the upstream leg 13 made of composite material.
- the contact surface S2 of the upstream leg 13 is covered by a metal protection 3 known to those skilled in the art under its name "foil". This metal protection 3 is removable from the upstream leg 13 to allow its replacement in case of wear.
- the surface contact between the metal protection 3 and the metal flange 2 does not have disadvantages.
- the two metallic materials are not likely to deteriorate by rubbing against each other by "fretting" since their expansion coefficients are comparable.
- only the contact areas are protected which does not penalize the mass of the blade 1.
- the metal protection 3 is mounted integrally with the composite tab 13 to form a skin at its contact surface S2 with the metal flange 23.
- the metal flange 23 is no longer in contact with the composite lug 13 but with the metal protection 3 which eliminates any risk of wear and damage of the composite material of the upstream leg 13 by friction with the metal flange 23.
- the upstream tab 13 of the lower platform 12 extends radially towards the axis of the engine.
- the metal protection 3 envelops the radial end of the upstream tab 13 so as to cover its upstream surface S2, intended to be in contact with the metal upstream flange 23, and its downstream surface S3.
- the metal protection 3 is circumferential and has a U-shaped axial section, the upstream tab 13 being housed in the cavity of the U.
- the metal protection 3 comprises an upstream branch 31, a base 32 and a branch downstream 33, the branches 31, 33 being elastic to allow the mounting of the protection 3.
- the downstream branch 33 is longer than the upstream branch 31.
- the form of the metal protection 3 is defined to cooperate by complementary shapes with the upstream leg 13 to form a solid connection that compensates for thermal expansion.
- the upstream leg 13 further comprises a radial blocking means of the protection 3.
- the locking means is, in this example, in the form of a circumferential annular groove 15 formed in the upstream contact surface S2 of the upstream leg 13 as shown in FIG. 2.
- the annular groove 15 of the upstream lug 13 is arranged to receive a circumferential annular lip 34 which is formed in the upstream branch 31 of the metal guard 3 and which extends axially downstream in order to to enter the cavity of the annular groove 15.
- the protection 3 is thus firmly positioned on the upstream surface S2 of the upstream tab 13. vs
- An annular groove 15 is very advantageous as a means of blocking the protection since it allows a thermal expansion of the protection 3 with respect to the upstream tab 13. It goes without saying that other locking means could also be suitable.
- the metal shield 3 is formed from a flat metal sheet which preferably has a constant thickness.
- the sheet is deformed to form a three-dimensional protection.
- Such metal protection 3 advantageously has a low manufacturing cost.
- the protection 3 comprises on the upstream face of its upstream branch 31 an annular groove 35 whose cavity is turned towards the upstream flange 23.
- the annular groove 35 is, in this example, opposite the lip 34.
- the formation of the annular lip 34 on one side of the sheet results in the formation of a groove 35 on the opposite face.
- the upstream surface of the protection 3 which is in contact with the upstream flange 23 is not flat but has an annular groove 35 whose cavity extends axially downstream.
- an O-ring 4 is mounted in the annular groove 35 of the composite lug 13. As shown in FIG.
- the seal 4 is mounted between the upstream flange 23 and the protection 3 in order to ensure sealing between the upstream surface of the protection 3 and the downstream surface S1 of the upstream flange 23.
- This is particularly advantageous for forming a sealed volume between the lower casing element 22 and the lower platform 12 of the vane 1, for example when the blade 1 has a ventilation tube 5 opening into said volume ( Figure 1).
- annular housing element 21, 22 which can be monobloc or sectorized radially.
- the metal flanges 23, 24 are also sectored.
- the protection 3 is preferably sectorized so that the interfaces of the sectors of the protection 3 are offset with respect to the interfaces of the sectors. 24.
- a radial interface of a flange sector 23, 24 is not aligned axially with a radial interface of a sector of the protection 3 in order to prevent the flow of a flow of water. axial air. This is particularly advantageous for forming a sealed volume between the lower housing element 22 and the lower platform 12 of the blade 1, for example, when the blade 1 comprises a ventilation tube 5 opening into said volume (FIG. 1). .
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US14/113,584 US9638042B2 (en) | 2011-04-28 | 2012-04-27 | Turbine engine comprising a metal protection for a composite part |
| GB1318944.4A GB2504035B (en) | 2011-04-28 | 2012-04-27 | Turbine engine having a metal protection for a composite part |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1101321 | 2011-04-28 | ||
| FR1101321A FR2974593B1 (fr) | 2011-04-28 | 2011-04-28 | Moteur a turbine comportant une protection metallique d'une piece composite |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2012146875A1 true WO2012146875A1 (fr) | 2012-11-01 |
Family
ID=46197610
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2012/050937 Ceased WO2012146875A1 (fr) | 2011-04-28 | 2012-04-27 | Moteur à turbine comportant une protection métallique d'une pièce composite |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9638042B2 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2974593B1 (fr) |
| GB (1) | GB2504035B (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2012146875A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3080146A1 (fr) * | 2018-04-17 | 2019-10-18 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Distributeur en cmc avec reprise d'effort |
Families Citing this family (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9915159B2 (en) | 2014-12-18 | 2018-03-13 | General Electric Company | Ceramic matrix composite nozzle mounted with a strut and concepts thereof |
| US10309240B2 (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2019-06-04 | General Electric Company | Method and system for interfacing a ceramic matrix composite component to a metallic component |
| US10161266B2 (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2018-12-25 | General Electric Company | Nozzle and nozzle assembly for gas turbine engine |
| FR3080145B1 (fr) * | 2018-04-17 | 2020-05-01 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Distributeur en cmc avec reprise d'effort par une pince etanche |
| US11149568B2 (en) | 2018-12-20 | 2021-10-19 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Sliding ceramic matrix composite vane assembly for gas turbine engines |
| US10961857B2 (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2021-03-30 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Turbine section of a gas turbine engine with ceramic matrix composite vanes |
| US11047247B2 (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2021-06-29 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Turbine section of a gas turbine engine with ceramic matrix composite vanes |
| US11008880B2 (en) | 2019-04-23 | 2021-05-18 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Turbine section assembly with ceramic matrix composite vane |
| US11193393B2 (en) | 2019-04-23 | 2021-12-07 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Turbine section assembly with ceramic matrix composite vane |
| US10975708B2 (en) | 2019-04-23 | 2021-04-13 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Turbine section assembly with ceramic matrix composite vane |
| US10954802B2 (en) | 2019-04-23 | 2021-03-23 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Turbine section assembly with ceramic matrix composite vane |
| US11149559B2 (en) | 2019-05-13 | 2021-10-19 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Turbine section assembly with ceramic matrix composite vane |
| US11193381B2 (en) | 2019-05-17 | 2021-12-07 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Turbine vane assembly having ceramic matrix composite components with sliding support |
| US10890076B1 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2021-01-12 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Turbine vane assembly having ceramic matrix composite components with expandable spar support |
| US11255194B2 (en) * | 2020-02-11 | 2022-02-22 | Raytheon Technologies Corporation | Vane arc segment platform flange with cap |
| US11560799B1 (en) | 2021-10-22 | 2023-01-24 | Rolls-Royce High Temperature Composites Inc. | Ceramic matrix composite vane assembly with shaped load transfer features |
| US11732596B2 (en) | 2021-12-22 | 2023-08-22 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Ceramic matrix composite turbine vane assembly having minimalistic support spars |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2559422A1 (fr) * | 1984-02-13 | 1985-08-16 | Gen Electric | Element a profil de pale creux composite muni d'une structure support interne ondulee et son procede de fabrication |
| DE3710321C1 (de) * | 1987-03-28 | 1988-06-01 | Mtu Muenchen Gmbh | Geblaeseschaufel,insbesondere fuer Prop-Fan-Triebwerke |
| DE4237031C1 (de) * | 1992-11-03 | 1994-02-10 | Mtu Muenchen Gmbh | Verstellbare Leitschaufel |
| EP1085172A2 (fr) * | 1999-09-17 | 2001-03-21 | General Electric Company | Fixation d'une aube en composite |
| EP1215365A1 (fr) * | 2000-12-12 | 2002-06-19 | Snecma Moteurs | Volet redresseur de turbomachine et son procédé de réalisation |
| FR2941487A1 (fr) * | 2009-01-28 | 2010-07-30 | Snecma | Aube de turbomachine en materiau composite a pied renforce |
| US20110008163A1 (en) * | 2009-07-08 | 2011-01-13 | Ian Francis Prentice | Composite article and support frame assembly |
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| US3132841A (en) * | 1958-05-12 | 1964-05-12 | Gen Motors Corp | Compressor blade and manufacture thereof |
| US3713752A (en) * | 1971-10-28 | 1973-01-30 | United Aircraft Corp | Composite blade for a gas turbine engine |
| US4207029A (en) * | 1978-06-12 | 1980-06-10 | Avco Corporation | Turbine rotor assembly of ceramic blades to metallic disc |
| US4417854A (en) * | 1980-03-21 | 1983-11-29 | Rockwell International Corporation | Compliant interface for ceramic turbine blades |
| US4768924A (en) * | 1986-07-22 | 1988-09-06 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Inc. | Ceramic stator vane assembly |
| US5224822A (en) * | 1991-05-13 | 1993-07-06 | General Electric Company | Integral turbine nozzle support and discourager seal |
| CA2070511C (fr) * | 1991-07-22 | 2001-08-21 | Steven Milo Toborg | Support de distributeur de turbine |
| US5372476A (en) * | 1993-06-18 | 1994-12-13 | General Electric Company | Turbine nozzle support assembly |
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| US6164903A (en) * | 1998-12-22 | 2000-12-26 | United Technologies Corporation | Turbine vane mounting arrangement |
| US6619917B2 (en) * | 2000-12-19 | 2003-09-16 | United Technologies Corporation | Machined fan exit guide vane attachment pockets for use in a gas turbine |
| US6464456B2 (en) * | 2001-03-07 | 2002-10-15 | General Electric Company | Turbine vane assembly including a low ductility vane |
| US6579061B1 (en) * | 2001-07-27 | 2003-06-17 | General Electric Company | Selective step turbine nozzle |
| US7600967B2 (en) * | 2005-07-30 | 2009-10-13 | United Technologies Corporation | Stator assembly, module and method for forming a rotary machine |
| US20070122266A1 (en) * | 2005-10-14 | 2007-05-31 | General Electric Company | Assembly for controlling thermal stresses in ceramic matrix composite articles |
| US7452189B2 (en) * | 2006-05-03 | 2008-11-18 | United Technologies Corporation | Ceramic matrix composite turbine engine vane |
| US7762766B2 (en) * | 2006-07-06 | 2010-07-27 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Cantilevered framework support for turbine vane |
| US7625170B2 (en) * | 2006-09-25 | 2009-12-01 | General Electric Company | CMC vane insulator and method of use |
| US8206118B2 (en) * | 2008-01-04 | 2012-06-26 | United Technologies Corporation | Airfoil attachment |
| US8500392B2 (en) * | 2009-10-01 | 2013-08-06 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Sealing for vane segments |
-
2011
- 2011-04-28 FR FR1101321A patent/FR2974593B1/fr active Active
-
2012
- 2012-04-27 US US14/113,584 patent/US9638042B2/en active Active
- 2012-04-27 WO PCT/FR2012/050937 patent/WO2012146875A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2012-04-27 GB GB1318944.4A patent/GB2504035B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2559422A1 (fr) * | 1984-02-13 | 1985-08-16 | Gen Electric | Element a profil de pale creux composite muni d'une structure support interne ondulee et son procede de fabrication |
| DE3710321C1 (de) * | 1987-03-28 | 1988-06-01 | Mtu Muenchen Gmbh | Geblaeseschaufel,insbesondere fuer Prop-Fan-Triebwerke |
| DE4237031C1 (de) * | 1992-11-03 | 1994-02-10 | Mtu Muenchen Gmbh | Verstellbare Leitschaufel |
| EP1085172A2 (fr) * | 1999-09-17 | 2001-03-21 | General Electric Company | Fixation d'une aube en composite |
| EP1215365A1 (fr) * | 2000-12-12 | 2002-06-19 | Snecma Moteurs | Volet redresseur de turbomachine et son procédé de réalisation |
| FR2941487A1 (fr) * | 2009-01-28 | 2010-07-30 | Snecma | Aube de turbomachine en materiau composite a pied renforce |
| US20110008163A1 (en) * | 2009-07-08 | 2011-01-13 | Ian Francis Prentice | Composite article and support frame assembly |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3080146A1 (fr) * | 2018-04-17 | 2019-10-18 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Distributeur en cmc avec reprise d'effort |
| WO2019202259A3 (fr) * | 2018-04-17 | 2020-01-09 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Distributeur en cmc avec reprise d'effort |
| US11391170B2 (en) | 2018-04-17 | 2022-07-19 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Load-bearing CMC nozzle diaphragm |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20140234118A1 (en) | 2014-08-21 |
| GB2504035A (en) | 2014-01-15 |
| GB201318944D0 (en) | 2013-12-11 |
| FR2974593A1 (fr) | 2012-11-02 |
| FR2974593B1 (fr) | 2015-11-13 |
| GB2504035B (en) | 2018-02-07 |
| US9638042B2 (en) | 2017-05-02 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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