WO2012154155A1 - Appareil et procédé permettant de déterminer un temps d'arrivée estimé d'une trame vidéo - Google Patents

Appareil et procédé permettant de déterminer un temps d'arrivée estimé d'une trame vidéo Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2012154155A1
WO2012154155A1 PCT/US2011/035491 US2011035491W WO2012154155A1 WO 2012154155 A1 WO2012154155 A1 WO 2012154155A1 US 2011035491 W US2011035491 W US 2011035491W WO 2012154155 A1 WO2012154155 A1 WO 2012154155A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
current frame
estimated
time
arrival time
frames
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2011/035491
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Henrik Lundin
Stefan Holmer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Google LLC
Original Assignee
Google LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Google LLC filed Critical Google LLC
Priority to PCT/US2011/035491 priority Critical patent/WO2012154155A1/fr
Publication of WO2012154155A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012154155A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/10—Active monitoring, e.g. heartbeat, ping or trace-route
    • H04L43/106—Active monitoring, e.g. heartbeat, ping or trace-route using time related information in packets, e.g. by adding timestamps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/4302—Content synchronisation processes, e.g. decoder synchronisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
    • H04J3/02—Details
    • H04J3/06—Synchronising arrangements
    • H04J3/0635—Clock or time synchronisation in a network
    • H04J3/0638—Clock or time synchronisation among nodes; Internode synchronisation
    • H04J3/0658—Clock or time synchronisation among packet nodes
    • H04J3/0661—Clock or time synchronisation among packet nodes using timestamps
    • H04J3/0664—Clock or time synchronisation among packet nodes using timestamps unidirectional timestamps

Definitions

  • the present invention relates in general to video encoding and decoding.
  • VPx a standard promulgated by Google, Inc. of Mountain View, California
  • MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group
  • H.264 is also known as MPEG-4 Part 10 or MPEG-4 AVC (formally, ISO/IEC 14496-10).
  • Included in the disclosed embodiments is a method for determining an estimated arrival time of a current frame at a receiving station, the current frame being one of a plurality of frames in a video stream, each frame in the plurality of frames having a timestamp.
  • the method includes receiving a subset of frames of the plurality of frames, receiving the current frame, the current frame and each frame in the subset having an actual arrival time and the current frame received after the subset of frames, determining an estimated clock drift and an estimated one- way time offset for the current frame using the timestamp and actual arrival time of at least some of the subset of frames and the current frame, and determining the estimated arrival time for the current frame based on the estimated clock drift, estimated one-way time offset, and timestamp of the current frame using a processor.
  • the method can include determining a render time for the current frame based on the estimated arrival time and a delay, decoding the current frame, and rendering the current frame at the render time.
  • the method can include estimating the estimated clock drift using at least one of a recursive least-squares filter, Kalman filter, or an averaging filter, and estimating the estimated one-way time offset using at least one of a recursive least-squares filter, Kalman filter, or an averaging filter.
  • the method can include determining the estimated arrival time for the current frame as the result of multiplying the estimated clock drift by the timestamp of the current frame and adding the estimated one-way time offset.
  • the timestamp can be one of a send time or a capture time.
  • a computing device for determining an estimated arrival time of a current frame at a receiving station, the current frame being one of a plurality of frames in a video stream, each frame in the plurality of frames having a timestamp.
  • the computing device includes a memory and a processor configured to execute instructions stored in the memory to: receive a subset of frames of the plurality of frames, receive the current frame, the current frame and each frame in the subset having an actual arrival time and the current frame received after the subset of frames, determine an estimated clock drift and an estimated one-way time offset for the current frame using the timestamp and actual arrival time of at least some of the subset of frames and the current frame, and determine the estimated arrival time for the current frame based on the estimated clock drift, estimated one-way time offset, and timestamp of the current frame.
  • the memory of the computing device can include instructions to: determine a render time for the current frame based on the estimated arrival time and a delay, decode the current frame, and render the current frame at the render time.
  • the instructions to determine the estimated clock drift and the estimated one-way time offset for the current frame can include instructions to: estimate the estimated clock drift using at least one of a recursive least-squares filter, Kalman filter, or an averaging filter and estimate the estimated one-way time offset using at least one of a recursive least-squares filter, Kalman filter, or an averaging filter.
  • the instructions to determine the estimated arrival time for the current frame can include instructions to determine the estimated arrival time for the current frame as the result of multiplying the estimated clock drift by the timestamp of the current frame and adding the estimated one-way time offset.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic of a video encoding and decoding system
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram of a video bitstream
  • FIG. 3 is a timeline of transmitting and rendering a frame (current frame) of a video stream in the video encoding and decoding system of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method of determining an estimated arrival time for a frame and rendering that frame using the estimated arrival time
  • FIG. 5 is an exemplary graph illustrating the estimated arrival time.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram of an encoder and decoder system 10 for still or dynamic video images.
  • An exemplary transmitting station 12 may be, for example, a computer having an internal configuration of hardware including a processor such as a central processing unit (CPU) 14 and a memory 16.
  • CPU 14 is a controller for controlling the operations of transmitting station 12.
  • CPU 14 is connected to memory 16 by, for example, a memory bus.
  • Memory 16 may be random access memory (RAM) or any other suitable memory device.
  • Memory 16 stores data and program instructions that are used by CPU 14. Other suitable implementations of transmitting station 12 are possible.
  • a network 28 connects transmitting station 12 and a receiving station 30 for transmission of an encoded video stream.
  • the video stream can be encoded by an encoder in transmitting station 12 and the encoded video stream can be decoded by a decoder in receiving station 30.
  • Network 28 may, for example, be the Internet, which is a packet- switched network.
  • Network 28 may also be a local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN), virtual private network (VPN), or any other means of transferring the video stream from transmitting station 12.
  • LAN local area network
  • WAN wide area network
  • VPN virtual private network
  • the transmission of the encoded video stream can be accomplished using a realtime protocol, such as the real-time transport protocol (RTP) standard as promulgated by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).
  • RTP real-time transport protocol
  • Control of the transmission can be accomplished using the real-time transport control protocol (RTCP) defined in the RTP standard.
  • RTCP can allow a receiving station to determine information about sent frames, including the time those frames were sent or captured by a transmitting station.
  • Receiving station 30, in one example, may be a computer having an internal configuration of hardware including a processor such as a central processing unit (CPU) 32 and a memory 34.
  • CPU 32 is a controller for controlling the operations of receiving station 30.
  • CPU 32 can be connected to memory 34 by, for example, a memory bus.
  • Memory 34 may be RAM or any other suitable memory device. Memory 34 stores data and program instructions that are used by CPU 32. Other suitable implementations of receiving station 30 are possible.
  • a display 36 configured to display a video stream can be connected to receiving station 30.
  • Display 36 may be implemented in various ways, including by a liquid crystal display (LCD) or a cathode-ray tube (CRT).
  • the display 36 can be configured to display a rendering of the video stream decoded by the decoder in receiving station 30.
  • encoder and decoder system 10 Other implementations of the encoder and decoder system 10 are possible. In one implementation, additional components may be added to the encoder and decoder system 10. For example, a display or a video camera may be attached to transmitting station 12 to capture the video stream to be encoded. In another implementation, a transport protocol other than RTP may be used.
  • Real-time encoding, transmission, decoding and rendering can result in a rendered video stream (i.e. on display 36) that includes gaps in the video stream if there are portions of the original video stream that are lost or delayed in transmission. At least some gaps can be avoided by rendering at a render time calculated by adding a delay to the actual receive time of video stream frames.
  • variations in the arrival time of frames can be caused by, for example, changes in network transmission time (network jitter), changes in the amount of time to encode the frames, and clock drift between the transmitting station and the receiving station. These variations can cause a video stream to be rendered at frame rates different than at which the video stream was encoded or captured.
  • the render time can be based on an estimated arrival time instead of the actual arrival time.
  • the estimated arrival time is determined using a filter designed to filter out the variations.
  • the estimated arrival time can determine an actual render time at which frames are rendered, instead of rendering frames out of a buffer at a constant frame rate and adjusting for variations such as clock drift by manipulating the buffer (i.e. by dropping frames).
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram of a typical video stream 50 to be encoded and decoded.
  • Video coding formats such as VP8 or H.264, provide a defined hierarchy of layers for video stream 50.
  • Video stream 50 includes a video sequence 52.
  • video sequence 52 consists of a number of adjacent frames 54, which can then be further subdivided into a single frame 56.
  • frame 56 can be divided into a series of blocks or macroblocks 58, which can contain data corresponding to, for example, a 16x16 block of displayed pixels in frame 56. Each block can contain luminance and chrominance data for the corresponding pixels.
  • Blocks 58 can also be of any other suitable size such as 16x8 pixel groups or 8x16 pixel groups.
  • the terms macroblocks and blocks are used interchangeably.
  • FIG. 3 is a timeline 60 of transmitting and rendering a frame n (current frame) of a video stream in the video encoding and decoding system of FIG. 1.
  • the frame has a timestamp Ts(n) 62 assigned by a transmitting station. Ts(n) 62 is generated using the transmitting station's clock.
  • the timestamp can be a send time of when the frame is sent to the receiving station by the transmitting station or a capture time of when the frame is captured by a capture device, such as a video camera.
  • the frame can be transmitted with the timestamp.
  • the frame has an estimated arrival time r - ⁇ * "> 64 of when the frame is expected to arrive at the receiving station.
  • the estimated arrival time 64 is determined using the receiving station's clock and is described further later.
  • the frame will be rendered at the render time T R (n) 66 on the receiving station.
  • the frame may be rendered at the render time T R (n) 66 even if the frame is not actually rendered at that time.
  • the render time T R (n) 66 is a target time for rendering and the time that the rendering actually occurs at may vary from the render time. The difference between these values can be, for example, due to high resource utilization of the receiving station's resources. Other factors may also contribute to the difference.
  • the render time T R (n) 66 for frame n can be defined using this formula:
  • Dj(n) is a jitter delay
  • the 64 is the estimated one-way time offset ⁇ ( ⁇ ) 68.
  • the estimated one-way time offset ⁇ ( ⁇ ) 68 includes a one-way transmission time for the frame to transit the network 28 and a clock offset, which is the difference between the transmitting station and receiving station clocks.
  • the time interval between the estimated arrival time 64 and the render time T R (n) 66 is the delay Dj(n) 69.
  • the delay Dj(n) 69 is determined and used by the decoder to account for at least some expected variations in the actual arrival time of the frame.
  • Delay Dj(n) 69 is, for example, a jitter delay. Jitter is the variation of actual one-way time offset across multiple frames in a video stream.
  • a jitter delay can be determined such that the actual arrival time of a frame generally comes before the determined render time of that frame. In other words, a jitter delay can be used to filter out jitter when rendering the video stream.
  • Delay Dj(n) 69 may alternatively include other delays in other implementations.
  • the actual arrival time of the frame can be any time after timestamp Ts(n) 62.
  • the delay 69 will be of a time interval where the actual arrival time of frames will be earlier than the render time T R (n) 66.
  • the frame will be rendered at its render time, and gaps in the rendered video stream will be avoided.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method of determining an estimated arrival time for a frame and rendering that frame using the estimated arrival time.
  • a frame is received by the receiving station 30.
  • an estimated arrival time is determined for the frame.
  • the actual arrival time ⁇ ⁇ (n) of the frame n at the receiving station 30 can be modeled using this function:
  • ⁇ is the actual clock drift between the clocks of the transmitting station and receiving station; and Ts(n) is a timestamp of frame n;
  • ⁇ (n) is the average one-way time offset at frame n
  • w(n) is representative of jitter, and is modeled as a zero mean white Gaussian process.
  • the actual clock drift captures any change in the difference between the clock rates of the transmitting station and the receiving station.
  • the clock drift can be modeled by dividing the clock rate of the receiving station by the clock rate of the transmitting station. In other words, if the clock rate of both stations is exactly the same (i.e. at exactly the same frequency), then the clock drift would be equal to one. If the receiving station clock is faster than the transmitting station clock, then the clock drift would be greater than one.
  • the clock drift would be less than one.
  • the timestamp is associated with a frame at the transmitting station. It can be, for example, one of a capture time or a send time.
  • the capture time is when the frame is actually captured— by a video camera for example.
  • the send time is when the frame is actually transmitted by the transmitting station.
  • the timestamp is included with the frame by the transmitting station when it is transmitted so that the receiving station has access to the timestamp.
  • the use of the capture time as the timestamp may be advantageous in cases where the rate of capture may vary. For example, while a video camera may capture frames at a nominal interval of 33ms, the actual video capture interval may vary. In another example, the video camera may capture frames at differing intervals based on lighting conditions. By using the capture time, the estimated arrival time and render time can more accurately reflect the actual time intervals between each frame. If the send time is used, the intervals may not be as accurately captured since the intervals may vary or be normalized during the process of processing, encoding, and transmitting the frames by the transmitting station.
  • the average one-way time offset includes the average time for a frame to be sent over the network 28 from transmitting station 12 to receiving station 30 and the initial offset between the clock on transmitting station 12 and the clock on receiving station 30. If the timestamp is a capture time, the average one-way time offset can include any processing time between the frame capture and frame transmission.
  • the clock on the receiving station 30 is 20ms ahead and a frame takes 50ms to be transmitted over network 28.
  • the estimation vector of the values to be estimated can be defined as:
  • the value of the estimation vector can be estimated using a recursive least-
  • z(n) is the error signal and is defined as:
  • P(n-l) is the inverted auto-correlation matrix of , and P(n) is the inverted auto
  • ⁇ ( ⁇ ) is a forgetting factor for frame n.
  • the forgetting factor ⁇ ( ⁇ ) can generally be set to a value of one. In certain circumstances, it can be advantageous to set the forgetting factor ⁇ ( ⁇ ) to a smaller value. For example, if a clock on the transmitting station has been reset, the estimated slope and offset may be invalid due to a spike in the inter-arrival time differential. In this case, the forgetting factor ⁇ ( ⁇ ) can be set to a smaller value to filter out the spurious values more quickly. In other implementations, the value of forgetting factor ⁇ ( ⁇ ) may be set to a different value that is predetermined or determined using another technique.
  • the estimated arrival time can be determined using this formula:
  • the estimated arrival time is determined, it is used to determine the render time, for example, by using formula (1) at stage 96.
  • the frame is decoded at stage 98. Then, the frame is rendered at the frame's determined render time at stage 100.
  • FIG. 5 is an exemplary graph 110 illustrating the estimated arrival time.
  • the 110 includes a y-axis of arrival time values and an x-axis of timestamp values. Frames are plotted on the graph 110 in a scatter-plot fashion, including frame 111.
  • An exemplary estimated arrival time function 112 is plotted on the graph.
  • the estimated arrival time function 112 has an offset 114 that is the estimated one-way time offset.
  • the estimated arrival time function 112 also has a slope that is the estimated clock drift.
  • Graph 110 also includes an example of a simple estimated arrival time function
  • the simple estimated arrival time function 118 illustrates an estimation that does not take into account the clock drift.
  • the slope of simple estimated arrival time function 118 is greater than the estimated arrival time function 112 that takes into account clock drift.
  • An implementation using simple estimated arrival time function 118 can only take into account clock drift reactively, for example, by periodically dropping frames.
  • transmitting station 12 and/or receiving station 30 can be realized in hardware, software, or any combination thereof including, for example, IP cores, ASICS, programmable logic arrays, optical processors, programmable logic controllers, microcode, firmware, microcontrollers, servers, microprocessors, digital signal processors or any other suitable circuit.
  • processor should be understood as encompassing any the foregoing, either singly or in combination.
  • signal and “data” are used interchangeably. Further, portions of transmitting station 12 and receiving station 30 do not necessarily have to be implemented in the same manner.
  • transmitting station 12 or receiving station 30 can be implemented using a general purpose computer/processor with a computer program that, when executed, carries out any of the respective methods, algorithms and/or instructions described herein.
  • a special purpose computer/processor can be utilized that contains specialized hardware for carrying out any of the methods, algorithms, or instructions described herein.
  • Transmitting station 12 and receiving station 30 can, for example, be
  • transmitting station 12 can be implemented on a server and receiving station 30 can be implemented on a device separate from the server, such as a hand-held communications device (i.e. a cell phone).
  • transmitting station 12 can encode content using an encoder into an encoded video signal and transmit the encoded video signal to the communications device.
  • the communications device can then decode the encoded video signal using a decoder.
  • the communications device can decode content stored locally on the communications device (i.e. no transmission is necessary).
  • Other suitable transmitting station 12 and receiving station 30 implementation schemes are available.
  • receiving station 30 can be a personal computer rather than a portable communications device.
  • all or a portion of embodiments of the present invention can take the form of a computer program product accessible from, for example, a computer-usable or computer-readable medium.
  • a computer-usable or computer-readable medium can be any device that can, for example, tangibly contain, store, communicate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with any processor.
  • the medium can be, for example, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, or a semiconductor device. Other suitable mediums are also available.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Compression Or Coding Systems Of Tv Signals (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte à un système, à un appareil et à un procédé permettant de déterminer un temps d'arrivée estimée d'une trame courante au niveau d'une station de réception, la trame courante étant une trame parmi une pluralité de trames dans un flux de données vidéo, chaque trame de la pluralité de trames comportant une estampille temporelle. Le procédé consiste à : recevoir un sous-ensemble de trames de la pluralité de trames ; à recevoir la trame courante, la trame courante et chaque trame du sous-ensemble ayant un temps d'arrivée réel et la trame courante étant reçue après le sous-ensemble de trames ; à déterminer une dérive d'horloge estimée et un décalage temporel unidirectionnel estimé pour la trame courante à l'aide de l'estampille temporelle et du temps d'arrivée réel d'au moins certaines trames du sous-ensemble de trames et de la trame courante ; et déterminer le temps d'arrivée estimé pour la trame courante sur la base de la dérive d'horloge estimée, du décalage temporel unidirectionnel estimé et de l'estampille temporelle de la trame courante à l'aide d'un processeur.
PCT/US2011/035491 2011-05-06 2011-05-06 Appareil et procédé permettant de déterminer un temps d'arrivée estimé d'une trame vidéo Ceased WO2012154155A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2011/035491 WO2012154155A1 (fr) 2011-05-06 2011-05-06 Appareil et procédé permettant de déterminer un temps d'arrivée estimé d'une trame vidéo

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2011/035491 WO2012154155A1 (fr) 2011-05-06 2011-05-06 Appareil et procédé permettant de déterminer un temps d'arrivée estimé d'une trame vidéo

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012154155A1 true WO2012154155A1 (fr) 2012-11-15

Family

ID=44121174

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2011/035491 Ceased WO2012154155A1 (fr) 2011-05-06 2011-05-06 Appareil et procédé permettant de déterminer un temps d'arrivée estimé d'une trame vidéo

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2012154155A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016022874A1 (fr) * 2014-08-08 2016-02-11 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Procédé et système d'espacement entre les trames
EP3328010A1 (fr) * 2016-11-24 2018-05-30 Belledonne Communications Mémoire tampon de gigue adaptative

Non-Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ALI C BEGEN ET AL: "An Adaptive Media-Aware Retransmission Timeout Estimation Method for Low-Delay Packet Video", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MULTIMEDIA, IEEE SERVICE CENTER, PISCATAWAY, NJ, US, vol. 9, no. 2, 1 February 2007 (2007-02-01), pages 332 - 347, XP011157469, ISSN: 1520-9210, DOI: 10.1109/TMM.2006.886282 *
AL-OMARI H ET AL: "Avoiding Delay Jitter in Cyber-Physical Systems Using One Way Delay Variations Model", COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, 2009. CSE '09. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON, IEEE, PISCATAWAY, NJ, USA, 29 August 2009 (2009-08-29), pages 295 - 302, XP031544588, ISBN: 978-1-4244-5334-4 *
DOMINEL H-P ET AL: "Multipoint synchronization protocol", SYSTEMS, MAN AND CYBERNETICS, 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON, IEEE, PISCATAWAY, NJ, USA, vol. 5, 10 October 2004 (2004-10-10), pages 4631 - 4636, XP010773059, ISBN: 978-0-7803-8566-5 *
HAINING LIU ET AL: "An adaptive delay and synchronization control scheme for Wi-Fi based audio/video conferencing", WIRELESS NETWORKS ; THE JOURNAL OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION, COMPUTATION AND INFORMATION, KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS, DO, vol. 12, no. 4, 8 May 2006 (2006-05-08), pages 511 - 522, XP019410575, ISSN: 1572-8196, DOI: 10.1007/S11276-006-6549-7 *
HAINING LIU ET AL: "Towards the delay and synchronization control for networked real-time multiobject multimedia applications", OBJECT-ORIENTED REAL-TIME DEPENDABLE SYSTEMS, 2003. PROCEEDINGS. NINTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON 1-3 OCT. 2003, PISCATAWAY, NJ, USA,IEEE, 1 January 2003 (2003-01-01), pages 79 - 86, XP031099403, ISBN: 978-0-7695-2054-4, DOI: 10.1109/WORDS.2003.1267493 *
NIKOLAOS LAOUTARIS ET AL: "Intrastream Synchronization for Continuous Media Streams: A Survey of Playout Schedulers", IEEE NETWORK, IEEE SERVICE CENTER, NEW YORK, NY, US, vol. 16, no. 3, 1 May 2002 (2002-05-01), pages 30 - 40, XP011093506, ISSN: 0890-8044 *
STEINBACH E ET AL: "Adaptive playout for low latency video streaming", PROCEEDINGS 2001 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING. ICIP 2001 - THESSALONIKI, GREECE, OCT. 7 - 10, 2001; [INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING], INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS, NEW YORK, NY, vol. 1, 7 October 2001 (2001-10-07), pages 962 - 965, XP010565021, ISBN: 978-0-7803-6725-8, DOI: 10.1109/ICIP.2001.959207 *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016022874A1 (fr) * 2014-08-08 2016-02-11 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Procédé et système d'espacement entre les trames
CN106575302A (zh) * 2014-08-08 2017-04-19 超威半导体公司 用于帧调步的方法和系统
US9679345B2 (en) 2014-08-08 2017-06-13 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Method and system for frame pacing
CN106575302B (zh) * 2014-08-08 2019-08-30 超威半导体公司 用于帧调步的方法和系统
EP3328010A1 (fr) * 2016-11-24 2018-05-30 Belledonne Communications Mémoire tampon de gigue adaptative

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US8750293B2 (en) Apparatus and method for rendering video with retransmission delay
US9106787B1 (en) Apparatus and method for media transmission bandwidth control using bandwidth estimation
US12108097B2 (en) Combining video streams in composite video stream with metadata
US10321138B2 (en) Adaptive video processing of an interactive environment
US8745432B2 (en) Delay controller, control method, and communication system
EP4060620A1 (fr) Gpu de jeu en nuage avec carte réseau intégrée et accès à la mémoire tampon de trame partagée pour une latence plus faible
WO2012154156A1 (fr) Appareil et procédé pour le rendu vidéo au moyen d'un tampon de post-décodage
KR101458852B1 (ko) 멀티-홉 ｒｔｐ 스트림에서의 중요 패킷 손실 처리 시스템 및 방법
US20110249181A1 (en) Transmitting device, receiving device, control method, and communication system
US20090109988A1 (en) Video Decoder with an Adjustable Video Clock
EP3622712B1 (fr) Vecteurs de mouvement de référence déformés pour compression vidéo
US8213506B2 (en) Video coding
WO2013032662A1 (fr) Procédés pour une commutation dynamique entre des trains de bits codés
WO2012047304A1 (fr) Commande de débit sensible au retard dans contexte de codage d'image p hiérarchique
US20150085190A1 (en) Information processing apparatus and method, and, program
CN102651788A (zh) 图片传输装置、图片传输方法和程序
US20170347112A1 (en) Bit Stream Switching In Lossy Network
WO2012154155A1 (fr) Appareil et procédé permettant de déterminer un temps d'arrivée estimé d'une trame vidéo
WO2012154157A1 (fr) Appareil et procédé pour la modification dynamique de schéma de codage sur la base d'utilisation de ressources
HK1199682A1 (en) Reducing amount of data in video encoding
US9363574B1 (en) Video throttling based on individual client delay
US20250385944A1 (en) Dynamic systems and methods for media-aware low- to ultralow-latency, real-time transport protocol content delivery
Nguyen et al. A QoS-adaptive framework for screen sharing over Internet
US9215458B1 (en) Apparatus and method for encoding at non-uniform intervals
Kim et al. Special issue on architectures and algorithms of high-efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard for real‐time video applications

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 11721174

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 11721174

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1