WO2012156679A1 - Extrait de plantes - Google Patents

Extrait de plantes Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2012156679A1
WO2012156679A1 PCT/GB2012/000453 GB2012000453W WO2012156679A1 WO 2012156679 A1 WO2012156679 A1 WO 2012156679A1 GB 2012000453 W GB2012000453 W GB 2012000453W WO 2012156679 A1 WO2012156679 A1 WO 2012156679A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
extract
glauca
alkanes
species
extracts
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB2012/000453
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Paul David Fraser
Cara MORTIMER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Royal Holloway and Bedford New College
Original Assignee
Royal Holloway and Bedford New College
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Royal Holloway and Bedford New College filed Critical Royal Holloway and Bedford New College
Priority to EP12726467.9A priority Critical patent/EP2709469A1/fr
Publication of WO2012156679A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012156679A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/24—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by extraction; Tobacco extracts
    • A24B15/26—Use of organic solvents for extraction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/04—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1011—Biomass
    • C10G2300/1014—Biomass of vegetal origin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
    • C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
    • C10L2200/0407—Specifically defined hydrocarbon fractions as obtained from, e.g. a distillation column
    • C10L2200/0453—Petroleum or natural waxes, e.g. paraffin waxes, asphaltenes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
    • Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to methods of extracting long chain alkanes from plants of the Nicotianeae, extracts of plant material having high concentrations of long chain alkanes, plant material comprising aerial parts that has high concentrations of long chain alkanes, the use of plants of the Nicotianeae for long chain alkane production, and use of such plants for producing long chain alkanes.
  • the invention relates to methods of extracting C26-C33 long chain alkanes from the aerial parts of Nicotians glauca, Nicotiana glauca plant material that has high concentrations of C 2 6 _ C3 3 long chain alkanes in aerial parts, such as leaves, the use of Nicotiana glauca plants for long chain alkane production, extracts of Nicotiana glauca plant material that have high concentrations of C 2 6-C33 long chain alkanes in aerial parts, such as leaves, the use of Nicotiana glauca plants for long chain alkane production and use of Nicotiana glauca aerial parts for producing C26 ⁇ C33 long chain alkanes.
  • oilseed plant species such as Brassica spp., for example, Brassica napus and Brassica campestris for the production of oils that may be used to produce so-called "biofuels”.
  • Other sources of oil producing and ethanol producing plants that may be used as sources for biofuel include maize (corn) , oil palms such as Elaeis guineensis and Elaeis oleifera, sunflower, sugar cane, sugar beet and the like.
  • N. glauca commonly referred to as 'tree tobacco' is a member of the Nicotianeae tribe. It is native to South America and found widely distributed throughout the Americas and in temperate regions of Africa, Asia, Oceania and Europe (Curt and Fernandez, 1990) . N. glauca grows well in warm arid and semi-arid climates on marginal infertile lands, including sandy ravines, road ditches and dunes (Curt and Fernandez, supra) . N.
  • glauca has been recognised as a potential biofuel crop as it boasts the following characteristics; (1) hardiness; (2) high sprouting capacity (67-100% of plants sprout); (3) large production of above-ground biomass; (4) high content of non-structural carbohydrates (24.2 and 16.9% in stems and leaves on a dry weight (DW) basis) (Curt and Fernandez, supra) . Furthermore, since N. Glauca is able to grow well on land that is not regarded as being arable land, it can be grown in areas where food crops would not thrive without irrigation means, if at all.
  • N. glauca is currently under investigation for use in bioethanol production by Almeria Albaida Recursos Naturales y Medioambiente, S.A. (Spain), in conjunction with the Department of Agroenergy of the Polytechnic University of Madrid and the Cajamar Foundation (Rodriguez, 2009, Cajamar- Foundation, 2010). Additionally, Abba Gaia S.L. (Spain), which currently uses N. glauca for phytoremediation purposes, also appears interested in N. glauca for its potential use a biofuel (AbbaGaia, 2011) .
  • an extract of organic material from a species selected from the Nicotianeae wherein the extract of organic material comprises a mixture of C 2 e to C 33 alkanes at a purity of at least 90% by volume of total extract.
  • the extract may be obtained using any extraction solvent appropriate for the extraction of long chain alkane species from species of the tribe Nicotianeae, such as linear carbon backbone solvents, such as 2-methyl hexane, n-hexane, or n-heptane.
  • extraction solvents that may be employed in the present invention include chloroform, pentane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, benzene, toluene, 1 / 4- dioxane, diethyl ether, petroleum ether, methyl tertiary butyl ether.
  • the extraction solvent is one that may be used to obtain an extract of organic material that comprises a mixture of C 2& to C33 alkanes at a high purity level of at least 90% by volume of total extract, and preferably a higher purity level such as at least 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, or 95%, or any value thereinbetween .
  • a high purity extract from fresh N there is provided.
  • the extraction solvent used to obtain high purity extracts of the invention is selected from linear carbon backbone solvents, such as 2-methyl hexane, n-hexane, and n- heptane or mixtures thereof.
  • the n-hexane extract of the invention comprises a mixture of long chain alkane species including hexacosenol (C 2 e) , nonacosane (C29) , triacontane (C30) , octacosenol (C28) nonacosonal (C29) , hentriacontane (C 3 i), dotriacontane (C32) and tritriacontane (C33) .
  • the extract consists essentially of a mixture of C29 ⁇ C33 alkanes that includes the following long chain alkane species: nonacosane (C29) , triacontane (C30) , nonacosonal (C29) , hentriacontane (C31) , dotriacontane (C32) , and tritriacontane (C 33 ) .
  • extracts of the invention consist essentially of a mixture of C 2 9 to C33 alkanes at a purity of at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97% or 98% by volume or any value therein between, such as 91.8%, 95.5%, 96.5%, or 97.8%, of total extract.
  • extracts of the invention include a concentration of hentriacontane of at least 75%, 76%, 77%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, or 95% or any value therein between, such as 79.8%, 83%, 84.6% or 93.3% and the like.
  • extracts of the invention may contain a concentration of hentriacontane of more than 95% or more of the total extract.
  • the concentration of hentriacontane is at least 90% of the total extract of an extract of the invention.
  • Extracts of the invention may be obtained from species of the tribe Nicotianeae, such as from N. glauca, N. longiflora and N. aristata .
  • extracts of the invention are obtained from species of the tribe Nicotianeae, such as from N. glauca, N. longiflora and N. aristata .
  • extracts of the invention are obtained from species of the tribe Nicotianeae, such as from N. glauca, N. longiflora and N. aristata .
  • extracts of the invention are examples of the tribe Nicotianeae, such as from N. glauca, N. longiflora and N. aristata .
  • extracts of the invention are obtained from species of the tribe Nicotianeae, such as from N. glauca, N. longiflora and N. aristata .
  • extracts of the invention are obtained from species of the tribe Nicotianeae, such as from N. glauca, N. longiflora and N
  • Suitable extraction procedures may include using any extraction solvent appropriate to extracting an extract of the invention from a species of the Nicotianeae tribe. n-hexane is a preferred extraction solvent for
  • a species of the tribe Nicotianeae such as a species selected from N. glauca, N. longiflora and N. aristata, in particular the species N. glauca in the production of an extract of organic material therefrom that comprises a mixture of C 2 6 to C 33 alkanes at a purity of at least 90% by volume of total extract.
  • the extract of the invention consists essentially of a mixture of C29 to C33 alkane species as shown herein at a purity of a percentage by volume of total extract as described herein.
  • FIG. 1 Gas chromatographic pattern of hexane extract from N. glauca leaves containing long chain hydrocarbons.
  • Nicotiana glauca plants were grown in 30cm diameter pots containing M2 professional growing medium (Scotts Levington ® ) . Plants were glasshouse-grown, with a daytime temperature of 20-25 °C and nocturnal temperature of 15°C. The supplementary light regime used was a 16 hour light and 8 hour darkness cycle .
  • Freshly harvested N. glauca leaves ( ⁇ 200 mg) were submerged in solvent (methanol, ethanol, chloroform, hexane or petroleum ether (boiling point 40-60 ° c or 60-80 ° c) (5 ml; HPLC grade) for 2 or 20 mins. Leaves were removed and solvents dried completely by rotor-evaporation. Samples were re-suspended in hexane (1 ml; HPLC grade). GC-MS analysis was performed on an Agilent HP6890 gas chromatograph with a 5973MSD. Operating conditions were as follows; carrier gas, helium with a flow rate of 0.9ml min ' Vll psi.
  • plant cell waxes are biosynthesized from very long chain fatty acids, via two pathways; the alcohol- forming pathway involved in the production of primary alcohols and wax esters, and the alkane-forming (decarbonylation) pathway, giving rise to aldehydes, alkanes, secondary alcohols, and ketones, which are transported out of the cell to the leaf surface; reviewed by Kunststoff and Samuels (2009) .
  • glauca leaves after a longer period of solvent exposure.
  • cuticle waxes such as fatty acids, esters, secondary alcohols, or ketones
  • Alkanes accounted for less that 40% pea wax extracts in comparison to 92-97.8% of total leaf extracts from N. glauca.
  • the alkanes produced from N. glauca can be extracted in a simple manner and in an almost entirely pure fraction using hexane, without the requirement for further refinement of the leaf extract.
  • This alkane was also the dominant hydrocarbon produced in the abaxial wax of pea leaves; although it accounted for less than 40% of the total leaf extract, relative to 83-93.3% of the solvent extracts from N. glauca , reported in the current work.
  • the composition of hydrocarbons reported for other species appear to be dominated by tricosane, as observed in; Abies pindrow Royle, Sambucus nigra L., Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Achillea millefolium L., Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes L., Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr. Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) and Tilia (Samejo et al .
  • Tricosane has not been identified in cuticular waxes of N. glauca (Zygadlo et al., 1994, Cameron et al. , 2006) .
  • the hydrocarbon extracts from N. glauca, produced in this study, are believed to be novel, both in terms of their purity and in the simplicity of the method used to obtain them.
  • the level of hydrocarbons present in the extracts is greater than previously reported for any higher plant species. Considerable variation, in cuticle wax accumulation, has been reported.
  • the levels of alkanes produced by N. glauca, and reported in the current work are 6.281 ⁇ g mg "1 FW.
  • a 200 mg -1 FW N. glauca leaf is ⁇ 10cm 2 therefore in N. glauca the levels of alkanes produced is -125.62 ⁇ ig cm 2 .
  • N. Glauca can produce 3.9 tonnes hectare "1 D of biomass on unfertile marginal lands, in an arid climate; rainfall 200mm year “1 , with temperatures exceeding 40 C. From this they calculate that 0.9 tonnes of fermentable carbohydrates can be extracted for bioethanol production. Based on our calculations 0.253 tonnes of long chain hydrocarbons per hectare "1 DW, could also be extracted. According to the study by Curt and Fernandez supra, the biomass of N.
  • N. glauca produced can be increased to 5 tonnes hectare "1 DW, with irrigation (600mm year “1 ) on relatively infertile land, thus 1.14 tonnes of fermentable carbohydrates, and 0.324 tonnes of long chain hydrocarbons could be produced. Potentially, higher values could be obtained if favourable growth conditions were used. N. glauca also has a very high sprouting capacity and potentially two or more crops a year could be cultivated. Additionally, a study examining the relationship between wax and dehydration stress in N. glauca by Cameron et al., supra found that the total leaf cuticular wax load of N. glauca can be increased 1.5- to 2.5-fold with dehydration stress, without altering the wax composition. As the plants used in the current work were green house grown and well irrigated, it is probable that the levels of hydrocarbons produced could further exceed the values reported here, if the plants were cultivated on marginal lands in an arid climate.
  • the dried solvent extracts from N. glauca leaves form a solid powdery white substance.
  • this could be a suitable renewable feedstock for current petroleum refinery infrastructure; such as used for fluid catalytic cracking. This could convert the extracted long chain hydrocarbons to more valuable gasoline, olefinic gases and other products as currently used to process the high-molecular weight hydrocarbon fractions of petroleum crude oils (petroleum-like hydroprocessing) .
  • Production of the hydrocarbon extract from N. glauca leaves means that the remaining biomass which is left essentially intact can be used for bioethanol production.
  • Table 1 Gas chromatographic and mass spectral data of components in hexane extracts from N. glauca leaves
  • Total hydrocarbon contents were calculated as the sum of each component, respectively, as determined by GC-MS analysis.
  • Total hydrocarbon contents were calculated as the sum of each component, respectively, as determined by GC-MS analysis. Values are the average of three measurements from three biological replicates, +SEM. Values in parenthesis are % compositions of accumulative hydrocarbon quantities
  • hydrocarbons - A renewable biofuel with high calorific value from aerial roots of Ficus benghalensis Linn. Electronic Journal of Environmental Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 7 (14) , pp.2743-2748.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un extrait d'un matériau organique d'une espèce choisie dans la tribu Nicotianeae qui comprend un mélange d'alcanes C26 à C33 d'une pureté d'au moins 90% en volume de l'extrait total.
PCT/GB2012/000453 2011-05-19 2012-05-18 Extrait de plantes Ceased WO2012156679A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12726467.9A EP2709469A1 (fr) 2011-05-19 2012-05-18 Extrait de plantes

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB1108436.5A GB201108436D0 (en) 2011-05-19 2011-05-19 Biofuel from plants
GB1108436.5 2011-05-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012156679A1 true WO2012156679A1 (fr) 2012-11-22

Family

ID=44279310

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2012/000453 Ceased WO2012156679A1 (fr) 2011-05-19 2012-05-18 Extrait de plantes

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2709469A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB201108436D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012156679A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11142701B2 (en) 2017-06-19 2021-10-12 Neste Oyj Process for the production of renewable base oil, diesel and naphtha

Non-Patent Citations (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"Extensive energy crops [online]. Cajamar-Foundation", 2010, CAJAMAR-FOUNDATION
ABBAGAIA, TECHNOLOGY, 2011, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.abbagaia.com/cms/data/pages/tecnologia.php>
AVATO, P.; BIANCHI, G.; MARIANI, G.: "Epicuticular waxes of Sorghum and some compositional changes with plant age", PHYTOCHEMISTRY, vol. 23, no. 12, 1984, pages 2843 - 2846
BENGTSON, C.; LARSSON, S.; LILJENBERG, C.: "Effects of water stress on cuticular transpiration rate and amount and composition of epicuticular wax in seedlings of 6 oat varieties", PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM, vol. 44, no. 4, 1978, pages 319 - 324
BONDADA, B. R.; OOSTERHUIS, D. M.; MURPHY, J. B.; KIM, K. S.: "Effect of water stress on the epicuticular wax composition and ultrastructure of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) leaf, bract, and boll", ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY, vol. 36, 1996, pages 1
CAMERON, K. D.; TEECE, M. A.; BEVILACQUA, E.; SMART, L. B.: "Diversity of cuticular wax among Salix species and Populus species hybrids", PHYTOCHEMISTRY, vol. 60, no. 7, 2002, pages 715 - 725
CAMERON, K. D.; TEECE, M. A.; SMART, L. B.: "Increased accumulation of cuticular wax and expression of lipid transfer protein in response to periodic drying events in leaves of tree tobacco", PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, vol. 140, no. 1, 2006, pages 176 - 183
CURT, M. D.; FERNANDEZ, J.: "Production of Nicotiana glauca R.C. Graham aerial biomass in relation to irrigation regime", BIOMASS, vol. 23, no. 2, 1990, pages 103 - 115
DESHPANDE ET AL., EJEAFCHE, vol. 7, no. 14, 2008, pages 2743 - 2748
GNIWOTTA, F.; VOGG, G.; GARTMANN, V.; CARVER, T. L. W.; RIEDERER, M.; JETTER, R.: "What do microbes encounter at the plant surface ? Chemical composition of pea leaf cuticular waxes", PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, vol. 139, no. 1, 2005, pages 519 - 530
HEEMANN V ET AL: "Composition of the leaf surface gum of some Nicotiana species and Nicotiana tabacum cultivars", PHYTOCHEMISTRY, PERGAMON PRESS, GB, vol. 22, no. 1, 1 January 1983 (1983-01-01), pages 133 - 135, XP026637731, ISSN: 0031-9422, [retrieved on 19830101], DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80073-4 *
HIETALA, T.; LAAKSO, S.; ROSENQVIST, H.: "Epicuticular waxes of Salix species in relation to their overwintering survival and biomass productivity", PHYTOCHEMISTRY, vol. 40, no. 1, 1995, pages 23 - 27
JENKS, M. A.; TUTTLE, H. A.; EIGENBRODE, S. D.; FELDMANN, K. A.: "Leaf epicuticular waxes of the eceriferum mutants in Arabidopsis", PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, vol. 108, no. 1, 1995, pages 369 - 377
K. D. CAMERON: "Increased Accumulation of Cuticular Wax and Expression of Lipid Transfer Protein in Response to Periodic Drying Events in Leaves of Tree Tobacco", PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, vol. 140, no. 1, 1 January 2005 (2005-01-01), pages 176 - 183, XP055034628, ISSN: 0032-0889, DOI: 10.1104/pp.105.069724 *
KUNST, L.; SAMUELS, L.: "Plant cuticles shine: advances in wax biosynthesis and export", CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY, vol. 12, no. 6, 2009, pages 721 - 727
O'TOOLE, J. C.; CRUZ, R. T.; SEIBER, J. N.: "Epicuticular wax and cuticular resistance in rice", PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM, vol. 47, no. 4, 1979, pages 239 - 244
PREMACHANDRA, G. S.; HAHN, D. T.; AXTELL, J. D.; JOLY, R. J.: "Epicuticular wax load and water-use efficiency in bloomless and sparse-bloom mutants of Sorghum bicolor L.", ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY, vol. 34, no. 3, 1994, pages 293 - 301
RODRIGUEZ, R. G.: "Almeriense researchers study the feasibility of snuff and tree chumbera to produce bioethanol", 2009, ANDALUCIA INVESTIGA.
SAMEJO, M.; BURDI, D.; BHANGER, M.; TALPUR, F.; KHAN, K.: "Chemistry of Natural Compounds", vol. 46, 2010, SPRINGER, pages: 132 - 134
SHAH, S.; BISWAS, S.; TAMBE, A.; KALAL, K.; PHALGUNE, U. D.; DESHPANDE, N. R.; T.R., I.: "GC-MS study of hydrocarbons - A renewable biofuel with high calorific value from aerial roots of Ficus benghalensis Linn.", ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY, vol. 7, no. 14, 2008, pages 2743 - 2748
SIMIC, N.; PALIC, R.; MILOSAVLJEVIC, S.; VAJS, V.; DJOKOVIC, D.; RANDJELOVIC, N.: "Alkanes from Achilla asplenifolia vent", FACTA UNIVERSITATIS, vol. 2, no. 1, 1999, pages 27 - 30
ZYGADLO J A ET AL: "Alkane distribution in epicuticular wax of some solanaceae species", BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY, PERGAMON PRESS, GB, vol. 22, no. 2, 1 March 1994 (1994-03-01), pages 203 - 209, XP025667846, ISSN: 0305-1978, [retrieved on 19940301], DOI: 10.1016/0305-1978(94)90009-4 *
ZYGADLO J.A. ET AL., BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY, vol. 22, no. 2, 1994, pages 203 - 209
ZYGADLO, J. A.; MAESTRI, D. M.; GROSSO, N. R.: "Alkane distribution in epicuticular wax of some solanaceae species", BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY, vol. 22, no. 2, 1994, pages 203 - 209

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11142701B2 (en) 2017-06-19 2021-10-12 Neste Oyj Process for the production of renewable base oil, diesel and naphtha
US11149206B2 (en) 2017-06-19 2021-10-19 Neste Oyj Method for converting carboxylic acids and esters into base oil hydrocarbons
US11162044B2 (en) 2017-06-19 2021-11-02 Neste Oyj Renewable base oil in lubricant formulations
US11162033B2 (en) 2017-06-19 2021-11-02 Neste Oyj Production of renewable base oil and diesel by pre-fractionation of fatty acids
US11339344B2 (en) 2017-06-19 2022-05-24 Neste Oyj TiO2 catalyst in ketonisation reactions to produce RBO

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2709469A1 (fr) 2014-03-26
GB201108436D0 (en) 2011-07-06

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Rodríguez-Rodríguez et al. Characterization of the morphological changes and fatty acid profile of developing Camelina sativa seeds
Ruan et al. Kosteletzkya virginica, an agroecoengineering halophytic species for alternative agricultural production in China's east coast: Ecological adaptation and benefits, seed yield, oil content, fatty acid and biodiesel properties
Iqbal et al. Inter-annual variation in biomass combustion quality traits over five years in fifteen Miscanthus genotypes in south Germany
Gominho et al. Chemical and fuel properties of stumps biomass from Eucalyptus globulus plantations
Razeq et al. Extracellular lipids of Camelina sativa: characterization of chloroform-extractable waxes from aerial and subterranean surfaces
Zheng et al. Performance of switchgrass and Miscanthus genotypes on marginal land in the Yellow River Delta
Tubeileh et al. A review on biomass production from C4 grasses: yield and quality for end-use
Sánchez-Arreola et al. Biodiesel production from Cascabela ovata seed oil
Membere et al. Thermochemical characterization of brown seaweed, Laminaria digitata from UK shores
Du et al. Radial growth and non-structural carbohydrate partitioning response to resin tapping of slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii)
Barbosa et al. Seed oil content and fatty acid composition from different populations of Calotropis procera (Aiton) WT Aiton (Apocynaceae)
Mortimer et al. The identification and rapid extraction of hydrocarbons from Nicotiana glauca: a potential advanced renewable biofuel source
Karp Willows as a source of renewable fuels and diverse products
Haliński et al. Cuticular wax variation in the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), related wild species and their interspecific hybrids
Aysu et al. Liquefaction of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) by supercritical fluid extraction
Silva et al. Potential applications of biochar and terpene-enriched bio-oil produced from a semi-arid native Asteraceae
Steinbrück et al. Jatropha–Potential of biomass steam processing to convert crop residues to bio-coal and thus triple the marketable energy output per unit plantation area
Liaqat et al. Bioenergy crops in the perspective of climate change
Tobares et al. Agronomical and chemical traits as descriptors for discrimination and selection of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) clones
LIU et al. Research progress on the effects of ecological factors on tobacco aroma characteristics
Ţîţei The mobilization of energy crop resources in Moldova
Massardo et al. Vetiver oil production correlates with early root growth
WO2012156679A1 (fr) Extrait de plantes
Khamis et al. Newly established drought-tolerant plants as renewable primary products as source of bioenergy
Serouti et al. Characterization and fatty acid profile analysis of Jatropha curcas L. oil cultivated in the Algerian desert

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 12726467

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2012726467

Country of ref document: EP