WO2012169459A1 - フラックス - Google Patents
フラックス Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012169459A1 WO2012169459A1 PCT/JP2012/064374 JP2012064374W WO2012169459A1 WO 2012169459 A1 WO2012169459 A1 WO 2012169459A1 JP 2012064374 W JP2012064374 W JP 2012064374W WO 2012169459 A1 WO2012169459 A1 WO 2012169459A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- flux
- phosphonate
- migration
- soldering
- flux residue
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings or fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
- B23K35/3601—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings or fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest with inorganic compounds as principal constituents
- B23K35/3611—Phosphates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings or fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
- B23K35/362—Selection of compositions of fluxes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering or brazing
- B23K35/0244—Powders, particles or spheres; Preforms made therefrom
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering or brazing
- B23K35/0244—Powders, particles or spheres; Preforms made therefrom
- B23K35/025—Pastes, creams or slurries
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings or fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
- B23K35/3612—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings or fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest with organic compounds as principal constituents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings or fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
- B23K35/365—Selection of non-metallic compositions of coating materials either alone or conjoint with selection of soldering or welding materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a flux mixed with solder powder, and particularly to a flux having an effect of preventing the occurrence of migration after soldering.
- electrodes are formed in accordance with terminals such as leads of the electronic components.
- the electronic component and the substrate are fixed and electrically connected mainly by soldering.
- ion migration electrochemical migration
- ion migration electrochemical migration
- Ion migration (hereinafter referred to as migration) is a reduction in which metal ions dissolved from the anode transfer electrons between the electrodes to which a DC voltage is applied, and the metal reduced from the cathode grows and extends to the anode. This is a phenomenon in which both electrodes are short-circuited by metal. As described above, when migration occurs, a short circuit occurs between the electrodes, so that the function as a substrate is lost.
- the flux used for soldering removes the metal oxides present on the surface of the solder and the metal to be soldered chemically at the temperature at which the solder melts, By having the effect of enabling movement and using a flux, an intermetallic compound is formed between the solder and the metal surface to be soldered, and a strong bond can be obtained.
- Solder paste is a composite material obtained by mixing solder powder and flux.
- the solder paste is applied to a soldered portion such as an electrode or a terminal of a board such as a printed board by a printing method or a discharge method.
- Components are mounted on the soldering portion to which the solder paste is applied, and the solder is melted by heating the substrate in a heating furnace called a reflow furnace to melt the solder.
- the flux also includes components that do not decompose or evaporate due to the heating of soldering, and remain around the soldered part as a flux residue after soldering.
- One of the causes of the migration described above is adhesion of water droplets between the electrodes. Since the rosin (pine resin) contained as a main component in the flux has water breakability, if a flux residue mainly composed of rosin is formed in the soldering part, even if water droplets adhere on the flux residue, There is no immediate migration due to the rosin breaking effect.
- Addition of glycerin fatty acid ester in the flux can make the flux residue ductile and suppress the occurrence of cracking of the flux residue when the soldered part is exposed to a poor environment after soldering. Can do.
- making the substrate a structure that prevents the adhesion of water droplets and applying a moisture-proof coating are causes for raising the cost in assembling the substrate.
- the present invention has been made to solve such a problem.
- the soldering portion where the flux residue is formed the soldering portion is covered not only by the flux residue, but the migration is surely generated.
- An object is to provide a flux that can be suppressed.
- the present inventors pay attention to the adsorption property of phosphonate to metal, and by adding phosphonate to a flux mixed with solder powder to form a solder paste, the phosphonate is soldered during soldering. It was found that it adsorbs to the surface of the metal and forms a hydrophobic film.
- the present invention relates to a flux that is mixed with solder powder to form a solder paste, and the amount of phosphonate that adsorbs to the surface of the soldered portion where a flux residue is formed during soldering to form a hydrophobic film. It is included flux.
- the amount of phosphonate added is preferably 1% or more and less than 30%. % Is% by mass unless otherwise specified.
- the phosphonic acid ester is preferably diethyl benzyl phosphonate, diethyl allyl phosphonate, diethyl (p-methylbenzyl) phosphonate, or 2-ethylhexyl or 2-ethylhexyl phosphonate.
- the flux of the present invention by adding a phosphonic acid ester having an adsorptivity to a metal, the flux of the present invention is mixed with solder powder to produce a solder paste, and soldering is performed using this solder paste.
- solder paste When the flux residue is formed, the phosphonic acid ester is adsorbed on the metal surface of the soldered portion where the flux residue is formed, and a hydrophobic film is formed.
- the hydrophobic phosphonic acid ester film adsorbed on the soldering part prevents water droplets from adhering to the soldering part where the flux residue is formed, and the soldering part is exposed to a poor environment. Even when cracks occur in the flux residue, adhesion of water droplets or the like to the soldering portion is suppressed, and generation of migration due to adhesion of water droplets or the like can be suppressed.
- substrate was mounted can implement
- the effect of preventing migration can be obtained with the phosphonic acid ester added to the flux, the water droplet adhesion prevention structure and moisture proof coating conventionally required for substrates are no longer necessary, and the cost required for assembly can be reduced. it can.
- the flux of the present embodiment is mixed with solder powder to generate a solder paste.
- the flux of the present embodiment includes a phosphonate that is adsorbed on the surface of a metal such as solder during soldering.
- the phosphonic acid ester is preferably diethyl benzyl phosphonate, diethyl allyl phosphonate, diethyl (p-methylbenzyl) phosphonate, or 2-ethylhexyl or 2-ethylhexyl phosphonate.
- the flux contains a component that does not decompose or evaporate due to heating during soldering, and the flux residue is formed so as to cover the soldered portion after soldering. Furthermore, in the solder paste of this embodiment in which a predetermined amount of phosphonate is added to the flux, the phosphonate does not evaporate at the heating temperature at the time of soldering, and the metal such as an electrode to be joined by solder and solder. Adsorbed on the surface, a hydrophobic film is formed on the surface of the soldered portion.
- This coating inhibits contact between water droplets and metal, thereby suppressing migration. If the soldered part is exposed to a poor environment such as an environment with a large temperature change, an environment where the temperature changes repeatedly, an environment where an impact is applied, etc. in a state where there is a flux residue in the soldered part, the flux residue breaks and moisture enters. Even so, since the surface of the soldering portion is covered with a hydrophobic coating, it is possible to prevent moisture from coming into direct contact with the metal portion of the soldering portion.
- the properties of the flux residue change depending on the amount of phosphonate added, and when the amount of phosphonate added is increased, the flux residue is liquefied. For this reason, in consideration of the properties of the flux residue after soldering, the amount of phosphonate added is preferably 1% to less than 30% by mass.
- the fluxes of the examples and comparative examples are blended, the solder paste is blended using the fluxes of the examples and comparative examples, and the effect of preventing the occurrence of migration due to the presence or absence of the addition of phosphonates. Compared. In addition, the relationship between the amount of phosphonate added and the properties of the flux residue was compared.
- Flux composition The fluxes of Examples and Comparative Examples were prepared with the composition shown in Table 1 below, and the solder powder (composition: Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu particle size: 25-36 ⁇ m) was 89% by mass. A solder paste was prepared so that In addition, the composition rate in Table 1 is mass%.
- diethyl benzyl phosphonate, diethyl allyl phosphonate, diethyl (p-methylbenzyl) phosphonate, 2 ethyl hexyl, and 2 ethyl hexyl phosphonate are examples of phosphonates, and were selectively added in each example.
- diethylbenzylphosphonate was added as an example of the phosphonate ester in order to compare the relationship between the amount of phosphonate ester added and the properties of the flux residue.
- no phosphonic acid ester was added.
- rosin mainly has an oxide removing action on the metal surface
- diethylene glycol monohexyl ether has an action of dissolving rosin and other additives.
- hardened castor oil was added as a viscosity modifier
- diethylamine hydrobromide was added as an activator.
- solder pastes of the examples and comparative examples shown in Table 1 are printed and supplied to the electrodes formed on the substrate with a pitch of 0.5 mm, and then components having leads with the same pitch as the electrodes are mounted on the substrate. Then, soldering was performed in a reflow furnace. In order to perform an accelerated deterioration test, ion exchange water was dropped between the soldered electrodes, a voltage of 8 V was applied between the leads, and the occurrence time of migration was measured while observing with a stereomicroscope.
- Example 5 of Table 2 above when 1% by mass of the phosphonic acid ester is added, the occurrence time of migration becomes longer than when the phosphonic acid ester shown in Comparative Example 2 is not added, It can be seen that the effect of preventing the occurrence of migration is exhibited by the addition of the phosphonate. As shown in Examples 1 to 4, it can be seen that when the amount of phosphonate added is about 10%, the occurrence time of migration is sufficiently long, and the effect of preventing the occurrence of migration is further improved.
- the addition amount of the phosphonic acid ester may be 1% or more by mass%, and in order to improve the effect of preventing the occurrence of migration, the addition amount of the phosphonic acid ester is preferably about 10%. I understand.
- Comparative Example 1 when the amount of phosphonate added is 30% by mass, a water-repellent film is formed on the soldered portion where the flux residue is formed. The property of liquefaction. Even if the flux residue is liquefied, the effect of preventing migration is maintained. However, after soldering, dust adheres to a soldered portion or the like where a liquefied flux residue is formed, resulting in a decrease in insulation resistance between electrodes, which may impair the electrical reliability of the circuit.
- the amount of phosphonate added may be more than 30% by mass, but the amount of phosphonate added is less than 30% considering the properties of the flux residue. It can be seen that it is preferable.
- the flux of the present invention can also be applied to an electronic device used in an environment that may be affected by water or dust, such as an electronic device mounted on an automobile.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electric Connection Of Electric Components To Printed Circuits (AREA)
Abstract
Description
以下の表1に示す組成で実施例と比較例のフラックスを調合し、はんだ粉末(組成:Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu 粒度:25~36μm)が、質量%で89%になるようにソルダペーストを調合した。なお、表1における組成率は質量%である。
表1に示す実施例と比較例のソルダペーストを、基板に0.5mmピッチで形成された電極に印刷供給し、その後、電極と同ピッチのリードを有した部品を基板に搭載して、リフロー炉ではんだ付けを行った。そして、加速劣化試験を行うために、はんだ付けされた電極間にイオン交換水を滴下し、リード間に8Vの電圧をかけ、実体顕微鏡で観察しながら、マイグレーションの発生時間を計測した。
マイグレーションの発生時間を以下の表2に示す。
Claims (3)
- はんだ粉末と混合されてソルダペーストを生成するフラックスにおいて、
はんだ付け時にはんだ付け部の表面に吸着し、疎水性を持つ被膜を形成する量のホスホン酸エステルが含まれる
ことを特徴とするフラックス。 - 前記ホスホン酸エステルが1質量%以上~30質量%未満で含まれる
ことを特徴とする請求項1記載のフラックス。 - 前記ホスホン酸エステルは、ジエチルベンジルホスホネート、ジエチルアリルホスホネート、ジエチル(p-メチルベンジル)ホスホネート、あるいは2エチルヘキシル,2エチルヘキシルホスホネートの何れかである
ことを特徴とする請求項1または2記載のフラックス。
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP12796881.6A EP2719496B1 (en) | 2011-06-06 | 2012-06-04 | Flux |
| US14/124,599 US20140158254A1 (en) | 2011-06-06 | 2012-06-04 | Flux |
| KR1020137032094A KR20140028054A (ko) | 2011-06-06 | 2012-06-04 | 플럭스 |
| KR1020167008842A KR20160042173A (ko) | 2011-06-06 | 2012-06-04 | 무세정형 솔더페이스트용 플럭스 |
| JP2013519482A JP5594431B2 (ja) | 2011-06-06 | 2012-06-04 | 無洗浄型ソルダペースト用フラックス |
| CN201280027587.4A CN103596723B (zh) | 2011-06-06 | 2012-06-04 | 助焊剂 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011-126282 | 2011-06-06 | ||
| JP2011126282 | 2011-06-06 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2012169459A1 true WO2012169459A1 (ja) | 2012-12-13 |
Family
ID=47296022
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2012/064374 Ceased WO2012169459A1 (ja) | 2011-06-06 | 2012-06-04 | フラックス |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20140158254A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP2719496B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5594431B2 (ja) |
| KR (2) | KR20160042173A (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN103596723B (ja) |
| HU (1) | HUE041483T2 (ja) |
| TW (1) | TWI506033B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2012169459A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2017014341A (ja) * | 2015-06-29 | 2017-01-19 | 株式会社タムラ製作所 | 異方性導電性接着剤およびそれを用いたプリント配線基板 |
| WO2019009191A1 (ja) * | 2017-07-03 | 2019-01-10 | 株式会社弘輝 | フラックス、やに入りはんだ及びソルダペースト |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP6725861B1 (ja) * | 2019-10-03 | 2020-07-22 | 千住金属工業株式会社 | フラックス組成物、液状フラックス、やに入りはんだ、ソルダペースト及びフラックス組成物の製造方法 |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0788687A (ja) * | 1993-09-27 | 1995-04-04 | Tamura Kaken Kk | はんだ付用フラックス |
| JP2003225795A (ja) * | 2002-01-30 | 2003-08-12 | Showa Denko Kk | ハンダ付け用フラックスおよびハンダペースト |
| WO2008072654A1 (ja) * | 2006-12-12 | 2008-06-19 | Senju Metal Industry Co., Ltd. | 鉛フリーはんだ用フラックスとはんだ付け方法 |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU449792A1 (ru) * | 1973-02-02 | 1974-11-15 | Ленинградский институт текстильной и легкой промышленности им.С.М.Кирова | Флюс дл низкотемпературной пайки |
| DE4131950A1 (de) * | 1991-09-25 | 1993-04-01 | Boehme Chem Fab Kg | Produkte als flussmittel und umschmelzfluessigkeiten bei der herstellung von leiterplatten |
| JPH05212584A (ja) * | 1992-01-31 | 1993-08-24 | Senju Metal Ind Co Ltd | ソルダーペースト |
| JP2003275892A (ja) * | 2002-03-20 | 2003-09-30 | Tamura Kaken Co Ltd | 無鉛はんだ合金及びソルダペースト組成物 |
| JP2004339583A (ja) * | 2003-05-16 | 2004-12-02 | Sony Corp | 錫又は錫合金材の表面処理剤、錫又は錫合金材及びその表面処理方法、錫合金系はんだ材料及びこれを用いたはんだペースト、錫合金系はんだ材料の製造方法、電子部品、プリント配線板、並びに電子部品の実装構造 |
| JP2006181635A (ja) * | 2004-12-28 | 2006-07-13 | Senju Metal Ind Co Ltd | 鉛フリーはんだの黒化防止方法およびソルダペースト |
| CN101695795B (zh) * | 2009-10-23 | 2011-11-30 | 东莞市特尔佳电子有限公司 | 一种无卤无铅焊锡膏及其制备方法 |
| KR20160044047A (ko) * | 2011-03-02 | 2016-04-22 | 센주긴조쿠고교 가부시키가이샤 | 무세정형 솔더 페이스트용 플럭스 |
-
2012
- 2012-06-04 KR KR1020167008842A patent/KR20160042173A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2012-06-04 US US14/124,599 patent/US20140158254A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-06-04 JP JP2013519482A patent/JP5594431B2/ja active Active
- 2012-06-04 EP EP12796881.6A patent/EP2719496B1/en active Active
- 2012-06-04 WO PCT/JP2012/064374 patent/WO2012169459A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2012-06-04 KR KR1020137032094A patent/KR20140028054A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2012-06-04 CN CN201280027587.4A patent/CN103596723B/zh active Active
- 2012-06-04 HU HUE12796881A patent/HUE041483T2/hu unknown
- 2012-06-05 TW TW101120069A patent/TWI506033B/zh active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0788687A (ja) * | 1993-09-27 | 1995-04-04 | Tamura Kaken Kk | はんだ付用フラックス |
| JP2003225795A (ja) * | 2002-01-30 | 2003-08-12 | Showa Denko Kk | ハンダ付け用フラックスおよびハンダペースト |
| WO2008072654A1 (ja) * | 2006-12-12 | 2008-06-19 | Senju Metal Industry Co., Ltd. | 鉛フリーはんだ用フラックスとはんだ付け方法 |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2017014341A (ja) * | 2015-06-29 | 2017-01-19 | 株式会社タムラ製作所 | 異方性導電性接着剤およびそれを用いたプリント配線基板 |
| WO2019009191A1 (ja) * | 2017-07-03 | 2019-01-10 | 株式会社弘輝 | フラックス、やに入りはんだ及びソルダペースト |
| JP2019013924A (ja) * | 2017-07-03 | 2019-01-31 | 株式会社弘輝 | フラックス、やに入りはんだ及びソルダペースト |
| CN110621439A (zh) * | 2017-07-03 | 2019-12-27 | 株式会社弘辉 | 助焊剂、包芯软钎料和焊膏 |
| JP7150232B2 (ja) | 2017-07-03 | 2022-10-11 | 株式会社弘輝 | フラックス、やに入りはんだ及びソルダペースト |
| US11541485B2 (en) | 2017-07-03 | 2023-01-03 | Koki Company Limited | Flux, resin flux cored solder, and solder paste |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20140028054A (ko) | 2014-03-07 |
| KR20160042173A (ko) | 2016-04-18 |
| CN103596723A (zh) | 2014-02-19 |
| JPWO2012169459A1 (ja) | 2015-02-23 |
| US20140158254A1 (en) | 2014-06-12 |
| CN103596723B (zh) | 2016-04-27 |
| TW201307374A (zh) | 2013-02-16 |
| EP2719496B1 (en) | 2018-09-26 |
| TWI506033B (zh) | 2015-11-01 |
| HUE041483T2 (hu) | 2019-05-28 |
| EP2719496A4 (en) | 2016-03-23 |
| JP5594431B2 (ja) | 2014-09-24 |
| EP2719496A1 (en) | 2014-04-16 |
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