WO2012169975A1 - Relais électromécanique à culasse améliorée, en particulier relais pour l'interruption d'un circuit électrique dans le cas d'un courant différentiel, et interrupteur comprenant un tel relais - Google Patents

Relais électromécanique à culasse améliorée, en particulier relais pour l'interruption d'un circuit électrique dans le cas d'un courant différentiel, et interrupteur comprenant un tel relais Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012169975A1
WO2012169975A1 PCT/SI2012/000036 SI2012000036W WO2012169975A1 WO 2012169975 A1 WO2012169975 A1 WO 2012169975A1 SI 2012000036 W SI2012000036 W SI 2012000036W WO 2012169975 A1 WO2012169975 A1 WO 2012169975A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
yoke
armature
arm
permanent magnet
relay
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/SI2012/000036
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English (en)
Inventor
Mitja Koprivsek
Mitja VOZEL
Matija Strehar
Anton Hamler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ETI Elektroelement dd
Original Assignee
ETI Elektroelement dd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from SI201100205A external-priority patent/SI23651B/sl
Application filed by ETI Elektroelement dd filed Critical ETI Elektroelement dd
Priority to EP12762094.6A priority Critical patent/EP2718953B1/fr
Publication of WO2012169975A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012169975A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/14—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by imbalance of two or more currents or voltages, e.g. for differential protection
    • H01H83/144—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by imbalance of two or more currents or voltages, e.g. for differential protection with differential transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/36—Stationary parts of magnetic circuit, e.g. yoke
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/22—Polarised relays
    • H01H51/2236—Polarised relays comprising pivotable armature, pivoting at extremity or bending point of armature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
    • H01F3/10—Composite arrangements of magnetic circuits
    • H01F2003/103—Magnetic circuits with permanent magnets

Definitions

  • Electromagnetic relay with improved yoke in particular a relay for interruption of electric circuit in the case of differential current, and switch comprising such relay
  • the invention relates to a mechanism for activating an electromagnetic relay, which is intended to interrupt an electric circuit in the case of differential current in a phase conductor and a neutral conductor.
  • such invention belongs to electricity and in such context to basic electric elements, namely to relays and switches, which include a permanent magnet and which are intended to protect electric circuits.
  • such invention can also refer to construction details of electromagnetic relays.
  • the purpose of the invention is to improve a reliability of operating a relay and consequently also of a switch comprising such relay, despite to essential simplified manufacturing of components thereof.
  • Such yoke should namely be created in such manner that manufacturing thereof could be essentially simplified than manufacturing of yokes for relays according to state of the art, by which extremely strict requirements in view of accuracy should be eliminated, by which also a reliability of operation of the relay as such could be essentially improved.
  • the purpose of the invention is simultaneously also improvement of a switch for interruption of electric circuit in the case of differential current, in which such relay is integrated.
  • An electromagnetic relay is described in EP 0 508 052 B l and consists of a casing, within which an electromagnetic inductive coil is placed and is due to actuating at a low electric power electrically interconnected with a phase conductor and a neutral conductor via a passive electronic circuit and an electric transformer.
  • a yoke is placed within a core of said coil and is connected with a so-called L-yoke comprising a first arm, which extends in a direction of said yoke of the coil, and a second arm, which extends perpendicular in a direction away from the coil.
  • a further S-yoke is foreseen adjacent to said L-yoke and consists of a central region as well as of two arms.
  • the first arm of said S-yoke extends parallel with said first arm of the L-yoke, while the central region of the S-yoke extends perpendicular with respect to said first arm and in a direction away from the coil.
  • the second arm of said S-yoke extends parallel with respect to the first arm and at a distance apart from the coil.
  • a permanent magnet is inserted between the second arm of said L- yoke and the central region of the S-yoke.
  • An armature is placed over the coil and the second arm of the S-yoke, and is supported in a pivot point, which is located on the second arm of the S-yoke on the side opposite to the yoke of the coil.
  • the coil is therefore with respect to said pivot point in the area of its one end portion supported by means of the yoke of the coil, while on its other end portion it is connected with a tension spring, which is on the other hand attached to said casing.
  • An actuating needle is mounted on the coil.
  • a magnetic field which is thanks to said permanent magnet constantly present within such relay, maintains the armature in its position where it abuts the yoke of the coil and also the second arm of the S-yoke against the force of the spring, which results in tendency of rotating the armature around the pivot point and displacing it apart from the yoke of the coil together with displacing said actuating needle, which is rest on the armature. Maintaining the armature in its previously described position must be reliable just in order to prevent undesired actuating due to mechanical influences, e.g. due to vibrations or the like.
  • a yoke is described in EP 0 829 895, which is intended to cooperate with a permanent magnet and is formed of two parts consisting of high-permeable ferromagnetic material, which are welded to each other and are arranged at a predetermined distance with respect to each other. At least in the area of welding, it is extremely difficult to assure each required magnetic properties within a very narrow range, which is however unavoidable required for the purposes of a correct functioning. Namely, a very narrow air-gap is foreseen between two planar surfaces of both parts of said yoke, the thickness of which should normally be less than 50 ⁇ , and in accordance with EP 786 789 less than 40 ⁇ .
  • Each required magnetic characteristics can be achieved only when said width of the air-gap does not differ from said value for more than 10 - 20%, which practically means that both parts must be machined, assembled and interconnected in an extremely precise manner, where the admissible tolerance i.e. variation of the width of the gap shall be less than 5 ⁇ , which is in practice extremely difficult to achieve, and in a mass production the risk of declaring a plurality of practically finished products as irregular and throwing them out is pretty high, since such irregular products do not meet requirements and cannot enable regular functioning.
  • the width of said air-gap can also be subsequently amended during insertion into a relay or a switch, or during the use of the relay as such, which results in irregularities in operation of the relay and consequently of the complete switch.
  • each required strength of the permanent magnet could generally be reduced by using some less powerful spring. Less powerful magnet would be able to activate the relay and to pivot the armature away from the permanent magnet even in the case of smaller differential current. Consequently, the elastic force of the spring would be lower, and pivoting of the armature around its pivot point would be slow and less reliable, and impact force of the armature towards the actuating needle would be weak, so that the efficiency and reliability of such relay during the operation is then questionable.
  • the present invention refers to a switch for interruption of an electric circuit in the case of differential current, which is intended for integration into an electric circuit, which formed by appropriate direct voltage or alternating voltage or combined voltage source together with at least one load as well as with a phase conductor and a neutral conductor, which are connected to said source via the said switch, wherein such switch comprising
  • - a differential transformer, in which its primary winding is formed by the phase conductor and the neutral conductor extending through a core thereof, and its secondary winding comprises two electric connectors;
  • a passive electronic circuit comprising two pairs of connectors, between which a capacitor is serial connected to other parallel connected components and is adapted to be energized by means of electric voltage, which is induced in the secondary winding of the transformer, since said circuit is by means of its first pair of connectors electrically interconnected with the connectors of said secondary winding of said transformer;
  • a relay which in the electrical context represents a resistance and inductivity of a coil with electric connectors, via which the relay is electrically interconnected with the second pair of connectors of the a passive electronic circuit for the purposes of energizing the coil by means of the voltage of said serial connected capacitor
  • said relay in the mechanical contexts consists of a yoke, which comprises said inductive coil and a permanent magnet for providing a desired magnetic flux in the area of said yoke, as well as of an armature, which is pivotally interconnected with said yoke in a pivot point and is, depending on energizing the coil, either by means of said permanent magnet rest onto said yoke, or is by means of a force of a spring pivoted away from the yoke towards the actuating mechanism, which is located at appropriate distance apart from the yoke and is intended for activation of the switch in the sense of interrupting the electric circuit through said conductors.
  • said yoke consists of two plate-like and apart from each other arranged parts consisting of high-permeable ferromagnetic material, which are each per see adapted to cooperate with a permanent magnet and between which a layer is inserted, which consists of composite material with relative permeability in the range 3 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 15, wherein the thickness of said layer (310) is 0,1 to 1,0 mm.
  • said layer of composite material consists of powder particles of high-permeable material, the size of which amounts several nanometers up to several micrometers, which are interconnected by means of a binding on the basis of epoxy resins, wherein both parts of the yoke are connected to each other by means of said binding, which contain s said particles of high- permeable material.
  • said powder particles can consist of alloy on the basis of iron and nickel.
  • a position of the pivot point of rotating the armature relative to the yoke is defined within the area between the coil and the elastic force of the spring, and simultaneously, said armature is firmly interconnected with a projection, with which each disposable spring cooperates, wherein said projection is created in such manner that by pivoting the armature around its pivot point apart from the yoke, the orthogonal distance between the pivot point of the armature and the elastic force of the spring is increasing from its initial value up to its maximal value.
  • Said spring is formed by a pair of tension helical springs, which are intended to generate each required force and corresponding torque and which extend parallel to each other, and are on the one hand connected with each other by simultaneously resting on said projection of the armature and on the other hand each per se attached to a base of the yoke.
  • the switch according to the invention comprises a relay with a yoke, which is formed by two plate-like parts which are separated from each other by means of said layer consisting of low-permeable material, and which are each per se cut or punched out of a plate or a strip consisting of steel or any other metallic alloy with pre-determined magnetic properties and comprises three arms, which are spaced apart from each other and protrude towards the armature, wherein their lengths are adjusted for the purposes of simultaneously abutment of said armature to all of them, wherein
  • the first arm is adapted to receive the coil, which is mounted on it in such a manner that said first arm extends throughout the coil and is surrounded by the winding of the coil extending along it;
  • the second arm is adapted to receive a permanent magnet, which permanently generates a magnetic flux and consequently a magnetic force, which is required for the purposes of abutment of the armature towards the said arms of the yoke and which is acting in a direction opposite to the force of said spring;
  • the third arm is intended to support the armature and to provide a pivot point, around which the armature can be pivoted from its first position of abutment towards said arms of the yoke to its second position, in which it abuts the actuating mechanism, which is located at appropriate distance apart from the yoke, and wherein the armature is uniformly conceived and is made of a plate or a strip or a wire or any other rolled semi-product of a hot or cold formed preform consisting of steel or any other metallic alloy having pre-determined magnetic properties, and is in the pivot point pivotally interconnected with the yoke and comprises the first area, which is located in the one side of said pivot point and is adapted for simultaneously abutment towards all three arms of the yoke, as well as the second cantilevered area, which is located on the other side of said pivot point and protrudes away from the yoke and in which a spring is mechanically connected to the armature.
  • said permanent magnet is wedgelike shaped and is adapted for inserting into a wedge-shaped trapezoidal recess in the second arm of the yoke, which is converging away from the first arm.
  • said armature is furnished with a projection, which is firmly connected therewith and protrudes away from the pivot point, and by which a spring is mechanically interconnected.
  • Said switch is further improved thanks to inserting said permanent magnet into the second arm of the yoke, by which a magnetic field is generated, which in the case, when the coil on the first arm is not energized and the armature is simultaneously abutting all three arms of the yoke, consists of
  • Said permanent magnet in the relay of the switch can be designed in such a manner that upon inserting it into the area of said second arm of the yoke in the case, when the coil is not energized, the torque produced by magnetic force due to at least the first magnetic flux in the area of the first arm of the yoke with respect to the pivot point of the armature, which is simultaneously abutting all three arms, is greater than the torque produced by the force of the spring acting on the armature, while on the contrary, when the coil is energized by means of voltage produced by the passive electronic circuit and the additional fourth magnetic flux is generated, which is acting opposite to at least the first magnetic flux of the permanent magnet in the first arm, the torque produced by magnetic forces is reduced below the value of the torque produced by the force of the spring acting to the armature.
  • the ratio between the first magnetic flux and the third magnetic flux in the relay of the switch is determined in advance by means of defining the shape and dimensions of the recess and/or of each permanent magnet, which is insertable therein.
  • the invention also refers to a relay, which is in particular intended to be integrated into a switch used for the purposes of interrupting an electric circuit in the case, when a difference between electric current in conductors occurs
  • a relay in the electrical context represents a resistance and inductivity of a coil, via which the relay is electrically interconnected with a passive electronic circuit and indirectly also with a differential transformer intended for indication of a differential electric current in the area of said conductors, so that in the case of difference between currents in said conductors due to the voltage generated in the differential transformer and in the passive electronic circuit a corresponding magnetic flux is generated in said coil
  • such relay in the mechanical contexts consists of a yoke, which is mounted in a base and comprises said inductive coil and a permanent magnet for providing a desired magnetic flux in the area of said yoke, as well as of an armature, which is pivotally interconnected with said yoke in a pivot point and is, depending on energizing the coil, either by means
  • the yoke consists of two plate-like and apart from each other arranged parts consisting of high-permeable ferromagnetic material, which are each per see adapted to cooperate with a permanent magnet and between which a layer is inserted, which consists of composite material with relative permeability in the range 3 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 15, wherein the thickness of said layer amounts 0,1 to 1 ,0 mm.
  • said layer of composite material consists of powder particles of high-permeable material, the size of which amounts several nanometers up to several micrometers, which are interconnected by means of a binding on the basis of epoxy resins, wherein both parts of the yoke are connected to each other by means of said binding, which contain s said particles of high-permeable material.
  • Said powder particles can consist of alloy on the basis of iron and nickel.
  • said relay is conceived in such manner that the position of the pivot point of rotating the armature relative to the yoke) is defined within the area between the coil and the elastic force of the spring, and simultaneously, said armature is firmly interconnected with a projection, with which each disposable spring cooperates, wherein said projection is created in such manner that by pivoting the armature around its pivot point apart from the yoke, the orthogonal distance between the pivot point of the armature and the elastic force of the spring is increasing from its initial value up to its maximal value.
  • Said spring can be formed by a pair of tension helical springs which are intended to generate each required force and corresponding torque and which extend parallel to each other, and are on the one hand connected with each other by simultaneously resting on said projection of the armature and on the other hand each per se attached to a base of the yoke.
  • the relay according to the invention comprises a yoke, which is formed by two plate-like parts which are separated from each other by means of said layer consisting of low-permeable material, and which are each per se cut or punched out of a plate or a strip consisting of steel or any other metallic alloy with pre-determined magnetic properties and comprises three arms, which are spaced apart from each other and protrude towards the armature, wherein their lengths are adjusted for the purposes of simultaneously abutment of said armature to all of them, wherein - the first arm is adapted to receive the coil, which is mounted on it in such a manner that said first arm extends throughout the coil and is surrounded by the winding of the coil extending along it;
  • the second arm is adapted to receive a permanent magnet, which permanently generates a magnetic flux and consequently a magnetic force, which is required for the purposes of abutment of the armature towards the said arms of the yoke and which is acting in a direction opposite to the force of said spring;
  • the third arm is intended to support the armature and to provide a pivot point, around which the armature can be pivoted from its first position of abutment towards said arms of the yoke to its second position, in which it abuts the actuating mechanism, which is located at appropriate distance apart from the yoke, and wherein the armature is uniformly conceived and is made of a plate or a strip or a wire or any other rolled semi-product of a hot or cold formed preform consisting of steel or any other metallic alloy having pre-determined magnetic properties, and is in the pivot point pivotally interconnected with the yoke and comprises the first area, which is located in the one side of said pivot point and is adapted for simultaneously abutment towards all three arms of the yoke, as well as the second cantilevered area, which is located on the other side of said pivot point and protrudes away from the yoke and in which a spring is mechanically connected to the armature.
  • the permanent magnet is wedge-like shaped and is adapted for inserting into a wedge-shaped trapezoidal recess in the second arm of the yoke, which is converging away from the first arm.
  • the armature is furnished with a projection which is firmly connected therewith and protrudes away from the pivot point, and by which a spring is mechanically interconnected.
  • a magnetic field is generated, which in the case, when the coil on the first arm is not energized and the armature is simultaneously abutting all three arms of the yoke, consists of
  • the permanent magnet is designed in such a manner that upon inserting it into the area of said second arm of the yoke in the case, when the coil is not energized, the torque produced by magnetic force due to at least the first magnetic flux in the area of the first arm of the yoke with respect to the pivot point of the armature, which is simultaneously abutting all three arms, is greater than the torque produced by the force of the spring acting on the armature, while on the contrary, when the coil is energized by means of voltage produced by the passive electronic circuit and the fourth magnetic flux is generated, which is acting opposite to at least the first magnetic flux of the permanent magnet in the first arm, the torque produced by magnetic forces is reduced below the value of the torque produced by the force of the spring acting to the armature.
  • the ratio between the first magnetic flux and the third magnetic flux is determined in advance by means of defining the shape and dimensions of the recess and/or of each permanent magnet, which is insertable therein.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematically shown electric switch with integrated relay according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a relay in its opened state
  • Fig. 3 is a relay in its opened state, wherein the coil is not energized; and Fig. 4 is a relay in its closed state by energizing the coil and just prior to opening the relay i.e. prior to transition into a state according to Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 5 is a front view of a closed relay with integrated mechanism for pivoting of an armature for the purposes of activation of a actuating needle;
  • Fig. 6 is a top view of the relay according to Fig. 5;
  • Fig. 7 is an orthogonal left view of the relay according to Fig. 5;
  • Fig. 8 is an orthogonal right view of the relay according to Fig. 5;
  • Fig. 9 is the relay according to Fig. 8 in a cross-section along the plane IX - IX;
  • Fig. 10 is the relay according to Fig. 8 in a cross-section along the plane IX - IX in its opened state;
  • Fig. 1 1 is a schematically shown two-part yoke of an improved relay according to the invention and in accordance with Figs. 2 - 10;
  • FIG. 1 An electric switch is schematically shown in Fig. 1, which is intended for interruption of an electric circuit as soon as differential current would occur between a phase conductor P and a neutral conductor N, which can e.g. arise due to mechanical damage of at least one of said conductors N, P, or also due to corrosion e.g. injunctions where said conductors N, P are connected.
  • Said switch S can be integrated into each electric circuit together with at least one load 4 and essentially consists of a differential transformer 1, a passive electric circuit 2 and a relay 3 according to the invention.
  • Said differential transformer 1 consists of a primary winding Nl, which is formed by a neutral conductor N and the phase conductor P which extend throughout a core, as well as by a secondary winding N2, which is by means of its connectors 1 1, 12 electrically interconnected with connectors 21 ', 22' of said passive electronic circuit 2, which comprises a still further pair of connectors 21 ", 22", with which the relay 3 according to the invention is electrically interconnected by means of its connectors 30', 30".
  • the passive electronic circuit 2 comprises two parallel connected diodes D] and D 2 , a capacitor C p which is parallel connected therewith, and a further capacitor C s , which is serial interconnected with said diodes Dj, D 2 and the previously mentioned capacitor C p .
  • said relay 3 is formed by serial interconnected coil LR and resistance R R , while its mechanical concept and the operation will be detailed described later-on.
  • the electric current in the neutral conductor N should generally be equal to the electric current in the phase conductor P.
  • an irregularity e.g. due to damage on at least one of said conductors N or P
  • the primary winding Nl of said differential transformer 1 consists of a single turn.
  • the sensibility of the relay 3 is essentially improved, since in such single turn in the primary winding Nl of the differential transformer 1 just a minor difference between the electric currents in the conductors N and P is then able to induce in the secondary winding N2 a sufficiently high electric voltage for the purposes of generating an impulse in said passive electronic circuit 2, by which the relay 3 can then be actuated.
  • said relay 3 requires just a conductivity and resistance RR of the coil L R .
  • Said coil LR having the resistance R R is electrically interconnected with the passive electronic circuit 2, in which a voltage impulse is generated under certain conditions, namely when differential electric current in the conductors N, P would occur, by which a magnetic field i.e. the magnetic flux ⁇ (Fig. 4) would be generated within the coil L R .
  • a mechanical concept of the relay 3 is shown in Figs. 2 - 10. In this (Figs.
  • the relay 3 essentially consists of a yoke 31 , on which said inductive coil L R is placed and via its connectors 30', 30" electrically interconnected with the said passive electronic circuit 2, and furthermore of a permanent magnet 32 as well as of an armature 33, which is pivotally around a pivot point 333 attached to said yoke 31 and by means of at least one spring 34, in this particular case by means of a pair of tension springs 34', 34", pivotable at least in the area between said yoke 31 and the actuating mechanism 5, which is located at appropriate distance apart from said yoke 31 and is intended for mechanical actuating the switch S for the purposes of interrupting the electric circuit through the conductors N, P.
  • the yoke 31 consists of two parts 3 ⁇ , 31 ", each of them is uniformly conceived and is made of a plate consisting of steel or any other metallic alloy having predetermined magnetic properties, and may be quite precisely manufactured by means of cutting or punching the plate or a strip consisting of previously mentioned material, which may lead to essential benefits in particularly in the mass production. Both parts 3 ⁇ , 31 " are separated from each other by means of a layer 310 consisting of material having low permeability.
  • the previously mentioned yoke 31 comprises three arms 31 1 , 312, 313, which are spaced apart from each other and all protrude in the same direction towards the armature 33 and are moreover with respect to their length adapted for simultaneously abutting the armature, wherein the first arm 31 1 is adapted to receive said coil L R , the second arm 312 is adapted to receive a permanent magnet 32, and the third arm 313 is adapted for establishing a required interconnection between the yoke 3 1 and the armature 33 at least in the previously mentioned pivot point 333.
  • the coil L R is placed on the first arm 31 1 of the yoke 31 such that the first arm 31 1 extends throughout the passage within the coil L R and is therefore surrounded by the winding of the coil L R extending along it.
  • said second arm 312 is furnished with a wedge-like trapezoidal recess 3121 , which converges in a direction apart from the first arm 31 1 and into which said permanent magnet 32 is then inserted.
  • Said magnet 32 is maintained within said recess due to its own magnetism, and is therefore upon insertion and without any other supplemental interconnection with the yoke 31 thanks to the previously described shape of the recess 3121 positioned in a quite satisfactory manner.
  • the third arm 313 is essentially intended to support the armature 33 and comprises a pivot point 333, around which the armature 33 can be pivoted relatively to the yoke 3 1 at least in the area between its first position of simultaneous abutment towards all three arms 31 1, 312, 313 of the yoke 31 and its second position of abutment the actuating mechanism 5, which is located at appropriate distance apart from the yoke 31 (Fig. 2) and apart from the pivot point 33, and is adapted to interrupt the electric through the conductors N, P whenever appropriate, and in particular when the differential electric current occurs.
  • the armature 33 is generally uniformly conceived and is made of a plate or a strip or a wire or any other rolled semi-product of a hot or cold formed preform consisting of steel or any other metallic alloy having pre-determined magnetic properties, and is moreover adapted for simultaneously abutment towards all three arms 31 1 , 312, 313 of the yoke 31 , wherein the pivot point 333, around which the armature 33 is allowed to swivel relatively to the yoke 31 , is arranged on the third arm 313 of the yoke 31.
  • the armature 33 comprises two areas 331, 332, namely the first area 331 which is adapted to be rest on said three arms 31 1, 312, 313 of the yoke 31, and the second area 332 in the form of a cantilever protruding apart from the third arm 313 of the yoke 31.
  • a t least one tension spring 34, 34', 34" is mechanically interconnected with the armature 33 in said second area 332 thereof in order to generate a permanent force due to tendency of rotating the armature 33 apart from the yoke 31 i.e. towards the actuating mechanism 5.
  • the armature 33 is optionally furnished with a further appropriately rigid cantilever protrusion 3321, optionally in the form of a protrusion 330 attached to the armature 33 (Figs. 5 - 10), which is located on said second area 332. Consequently, the lever between the pivot point 333 of the armature 33 and the force of the spring 34 can be additionally extended and adjusted to each required conditions.
  • the armature 33 can be pivoted around the pivot point in order to assure simultaneous abutment thereof towards all three arms 31 1, 312, 313 of the yoke 31.
  • the permanent magnet 32 generates a first magnetic flux ⁇ ] throughout the magnet 32, the second area 312, the armature 33 and the first arm 31 1 of the yoke 31, and also a second magnetic flux ⁇ 2 throughout the permanent magnet 32, the second arm 312, the armature 32 and the third arm 313 of the yoke 31.
  • the coil L R is not energized by the voltage of the passive electronic circuit 2, and the armature 33 is pressed towards the arms 31 1, 312, 313 of the yoke 31 by means of the force resulting from said magnetic flux ⁇ , ⁇ 2 and acting opposite with respect to said force of the tension spring 34, 34', 34".
  • and the third magnetic flux ⁇ 3 can be determined in advance by means of defining appropriate shape and dimensions of the recess 3121 and/or of the permanent magnet 32, which is insertable therein.
  • the switch S which is during the regular operation of the electric circuit through the conductors N, P closed, is in Fig. 1 merely for illustrative purposes shown in its opened state upon interrupting said electric circuit, which essentially corresponds to the position of the armature 33 as soon as said armature 33 abuts the actuating mechanism 5.
  • relay 3 can be despite to quite simple manufacturing technology manufactured in an extremely precise manner within each pre-determined range of dimensions, which is of a crucial importance with respect to magnetic properties, which are required for the purposes of reliable operation thereof, wherein due to improved sensibility and reactivity of the relay 3 in the case of differential current also the reliability of the complete switch S, in which it is integrated together with each corresponding conductors N, P, in comparison with the existing switches may be essentially improved.
  • the armature 33 is supported on the yoke 31 in a pivot point 333 on the third arm 313, which is located at maximal distance apart from the coil L R .
  • the armature 33 is furnished with a projection 330, by which actually a cantilever portion 332 and the extension 3321 are replaced and which is adapted for clamping i.e. resting the spring 34, 34', 34" which is used for pressing the armature 33 towards the yoke 31, or respectively for pivoting the armature 33 apart from the yoke 31.
  • the projection 330 of the armature 33 is created in such manner that on the one hand by resting the armature 33 on the yoke 31 (Fig. 9) an orthogonal distance ⁇ ] between the elastic force of the spring 34, 34', 34" and the pivot point 333 of the armature 33 is relatively short, but on the other hand, as soon the armature 33 starts pivoting apart from the yoke 31, said distance starts increasing up to its final value ⁇ 2 , which is essentially longer than said initial distance ⁇ . Consequently, the torque produced by acting of the elastic force of the spring 34, 34', 34" towards the armature 33 is permanently increasing, when the armature 33 is pivoted in a direction apart from the yoke 31.
  • 5 to 10 proposes a pair of tension helical springs 34', 34" which are intended for generating each required force and corresponding torque and which extend parallel to each other and are on the one hand connected with each other by simultaneously resting on said projection 330 of the armature 33, and on the other hand each per se attached to a base 35 of the yoke 31 of the relay 3.
  • the yoke 31 consists of two plate-like and apart from each other arranged parts 31 ', 31 " consisting of high-permeable ferromagnetic material, which are each per see adapted to cooperate with a permanent magnet 32 and between which a layer 310 is inserted, which consists of a composite material with relative permeability in the range 3 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 15, wherein the thickness of said layer 310 is 0, 1 to 1,0 mm.
  • Said composite layer 310 is preferably formed of powder particles of high- permeable material, the size of which amounts several nanometers up to several micrometers, and which preferably consist of an iron/nickel alloy, in particular of the so-called permenorm. Said particles are interconnected by means of a binding on the basis of epoxy resins, optionally araldite.
  • the invention further provides that both parts 3 , 31 " of the yoke 31 are connected to each other by means of said binding, which includes said particles of high-permeable material, by which a problematic welding of parts 3 , 31 " of the yoke 31 is definitively avoided.
  • the probability of thermal extensions and varying the distance between both parts 3 , 31 " is essentially reduced, and reliability of the process of manufacturing a yoke 31 as well as of functioning of the relay and also the switch S during the use is essentially improved.
  • the invention provides filling said gap with a layer 310 of a low-permeable composite material, by which the distance between both parts 3 , 31 " can be essentially enlarged.
  • Functioning of the relay 3 and/or the switch S depends on magnetic characteristics, which are directly correlated with the distance between said parts 3 ⁇ , 31 " of the yoke 31. Due to the presence of said layer 310 between both parts 3 , 31 ", the distance between both parts 3 , 31 " can be essentially longer, and the influences of each potential discrepancies with regard to each theoretically optimal distance between said parts 3 , 31 " of the yoke 31 , which in the practice can never be completely avoided, are herewith correspondingly reduced.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention vise à procurer un relais (3) à culasse améliorée (31), en particulier un relais (31) d'un interrupteur (S) pour l'interruption d'un circuit électrique dans le courant différentiel entre un conducteur de phase (P) et un conducteur neutre (N), par lequel, malgré une fabrication sensiblement simplifiée de la culasse (31), la fiabilité du relais (3), et donc également de l'interrupteur (S), peut être sensiblement améliorée. Selon la présente invention, la culasse (31) du relais (3) est formée de deux parties de type plaque (31', 31'') constituées d'un matériau ferromagnétique hautement perméable, qui sont chacune en soi adaptées à coopérer avec un aimant permanent (32) et entre lesquelles une couche (320) est introduite, laquelle est constituée d'un matériau composite ayant une perméabilité relative se situant dans la plage de 3 ≤ µ ≤ 15, l'épaisseur de ladite couche (310) étant de 0,1 à 1,0 mm.
PCT/SI2012/000036 2011-06-06 2012-06-04 Relais électromécanique à culasse améliorée, en particulier relais pour l'interruption d'un circuit électrique dans le cas d'un courant différentiel, et interrupteur comprenant un tel relais Ceased WO2012169975A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

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EP12762094.6A EP2718953B1 (fr) 2011-06-06 2012-06-04 Relais électromécanique à culasse améliorée, en particulier relais pour l'interruption d'un circuit électrique dans le cas d'un courant différentiel, et interrupteur comprenant un tel relais

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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SI201100205A SI23651B (sl) 2011-02-04 2011-06-06 Stikalo
SIP-201100205 2011-06-06

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WO2012169975A1 true WO2012169975A1 (fr) 2012-12-13

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109300749A (zh) * 2017-07-25 2019-02-01 施耐德电器工业公司 差动式电气保护装置
EP4266340A1 (fr) * 2022-04-22 2023-10-25 ABB Schweiz AG Améliorations de relais magnétiques
FR3151425A1 (fr) * 2023-07-21 2025-01-24 Hager-Electro Sas Déclencheur électromagnétique du type relais polarisé à haute sensibilité et appareillage électrique différentiel associé
EP4583143A1 (fr) * 2024-01-05 2025-07-09 Xiamen Hongfa Transportation Electronics Co., Ltd. Actionneur de déclenchement à verrouillage magnétique et appareil de commutation

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4625464A1 (fr) * 2024-03-28 2025-10-01 Hager-Electro Sas Procédé de traitement de surface d'une armature de déclencheur électromagnétique, armature et déclencheur électromagnétique associés

Citations (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB883956A (en) * 1958-10-21 1961-12-06 Allan Charles Bernstein Electromagnetic relay
US4009460A (en) * 1974-09-24 1977-02-22 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Inductor
EP0156016A2 (fr) * 1984-03-26 1985-10-02 Vacuumschmelze GmbH Noyau pour dispositif inductif de commutation indépendante de la fréquence
EP0508052B1 (fr) 1991-04-07 1996-08-14 Schiele Industriewerke GmbH Relais à courant de défaut
EP0786789A2 (fr) 1996-01-23 1997-07-30 CMC Carl Maier + Cie AG Culasse en particulier pour un déclencheur utilisable dans un disjoncteur de courant de défaut
EP0829895A2 (fr) 1996-09-12 1998-03-18 CMC Carl Maier + Cie AG Aimant permanent pour le circuit magnétique d'un déclencheur magnétique de préférence pour un disjoncteur différentiel
EP0984477A2 (fr) 1998-08-31 2000-03-08 CMC Carl Maier + Cie AG Procédé de fabrication d'une culasse pour déclencheur magnétique et dispositif pour executer ce procédé

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB883956A (en) * 1958-10-21 1961-12-06 Allan Charles Bernstein Electromagnetic relay
US4009460A (en) * 1974-09-24 1977-02-22 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Inductor
EP0156016A2 (fr) * 1984-03-26 1985-10-02 Vacuumschmelze GmbH Noyau pour dispositif inductif de commutation indépendante de la fréquence
EP0508052B1 (fr) 1991-04-07 1996-08-14 Schiele Industriewerke GmbH Relais à courant de défaut
EP0786789A2 (fr) 1996-01-23 1997-07-30 CMC Carl Maier + Cie AG Culasse en particulier pour un déclencheur utilisable dans un disjoncteur de courant de défaut
EP0829895A2 (fr) 1996-09-12 1998-03-18 CMC Carl Maier + Cie AG Aimant permanent pour le circuit magnétique d'un déclencheur magnétique de préférence pour un disjoncteur différentiel
EP0984477A2 (fr) 1998-08-31 2000-03-08 CMC Carl Maier + Cie AG Procédé de fabrication d'une culasse pour déclencheur magnétique et dispositif pour executer ce procédé

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109300749A (zh) * 2017-07-25 2019-02-01 施耐德电器工业公司 差动式电气保护装置
CN109300749B (zh) * 2017-07-25 2022-05-24 施耐德电器工业公司 差动式电气保护装置
EP4266340A1 (fr) * 2022-04-22 2023-10-25 ABB Schweiz AG Améliorations de relais magnétiques
FR3151425A1 (fr) * 2023-07-21 2025-01-24 Hager-Electro Sas Déclencheur électromagnétique du type relais polarisé à haute sensibilité et appareillage électrique différentiel associé
EP4583143A1 (fr) * 2024-01-05 2025-07-09 Xiamen Hongfa Transportation Electronics Co., Ltd. Actionneur de déclenchement à verrouillage magnétique et appareil de commutation

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