WO2012175194A2 - Procédé et installations pour la réduction des gaz à effet de serre de carburants et de combustibles - Google Patents

Procédé et installations pour la réduction des gaz à effet de serre de carburants et de combustibles Download PDF

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WO2012175194A2
WO2012175194A2 PCT/EP2012/002597 EP2012002597W WO2012175194A2 WO 2012175194 A2 WO2012175194 A2 WO 2012175194A2 EP 2012002597 W EP2012002597 W EP 2012002597W WO 2012175194 A2 WO2012175194 A2 WO 2012175194A2
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regenerative
plant
gas
fuel
fuels
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WO2012175194A3 (fr
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Michael Feldmann
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MEISSNER JAN A
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MEISSNER JAN A
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/50—Carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
    • F23L7/007—Supplying oxygen or oxygen-enriched air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C10J2300/092—Wood, cellulose
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
    • C10J2300/1612—CO2-separation and sequestration, i.e. long time storage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
    • C10J2300/1643—Conversion of synthesis gas to energy
    • C10J2300/1653—Conversion of synthesis gas to energy integrated in a gasification combined cycle [IGCC]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
    • C10J2300/1656—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
    • C10J2300/1656—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals
    • C10J2300/1659—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals to liquid hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
    • C10J2300/1656—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals
    • C10J2300/1665—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals to alcohols, e.g. methanol or ethanol
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/26—Biowaste
    • F23G2209/261—Woodwaste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/26—Biowaste
    • F23G2209/262—Agricultural waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/50—Carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2900/00—Special arrangements for conducting or purifying combustion fumes; Treatment of fumes or ashes
    • F23J2900/15061—Deep cooling or freezing of flue gas rich of CO2 to deliver CO2-free emissions, or to deliver liquid CO2
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight

Definitions

  • C0 2 carbon dioxide
  • methane CR »
  • nitrous oxide N 2 0
  • SF 6 sulfur hexafluoride
  • NF 3 nitrogen trifluoride
  • C0 2 equivalents C0 2 equivalents. These are usually related to consumed energy units (eg gC0 2 -eq / kWh or gC0 2 -eq / MJ) or traveled distances (gC0 2 -eq / km).
  • the C0 2 values published by the automotive industry indicate the effective stoichiometric C0 2 emission from fuel combustion
  • environmental institutes and authorities additionally calculate the respective energy sources for C0 2 emissions over their entire development, ie over the entire lifecycle (Life Cycle Analysis LCA) or over the entire manufacturing path from the source of the energy source to the wheel of the car (well-to-wheel).
  • LCA Life Cycle Analysis LCA
  • the LCA consideration of, for example, gasoline also includes the emissions of (fossil) C0 2 , which are generated in the process chain by the crude oil tankers, by the pipelines, by the refineries, by the power plants that generate the electricity required in the production line. and be caused by the gas stations.
  • UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on climate Change (UNFCCC) and state agencies (including the Federal Ministry for the Environment and the Federal Ministry of Finance), the C0 2 emissions of the various energy sources are described below over their entire development ie on the basis of a so-called life cycle analysis (LCA) or well to wheel (WtW).
  • LCA life cycle analysis
  • WtW well to wheel
  • the fuel used must be GHG-free.
  • GHG-free electricity ie electricity from wind, solar, hydro or nuclear power as well as from geothermal energy (electricity from biomass is not necessarily GHG-free).
  • energy from biomass is not necessarily GHG-free.
  • fuel or electricity costs can be compensated.
  • hydrogen vehicles which, while less comfortable to pay, are still more expensive than electric vehicles and have the additional disadvantage that there is still no service station that can offer GHG-free hydrogen.
  • the biofuels used as substitutes for fossil fuels in internal combustion engines and future synthetic fuels are not per se GHG-free or GHG-neutral energy sources, on the contrary they can be significantly polluted with greenhouse gas emissions.
  • the greenhouse gas pollution is calculated as the sum of the greenhouse gas emissions of all energies or of all energy sources that are involved in the cultivation and harvesting of biomass, their storage, their transport, their conversion into marketable energy sources Storage and their distribution are used.
  • the EU Directive 2009/28 / EC shows how much of these emissions of GHG emissions are affected by a large number of biogenic and synthetic fuels and their various production routes, as well as by the average fossil fuels used in the EU. None of the biofuels listed in the Directive, nor any of the listed synthetic fuels, has an emission of 0 gC0 2 -eq / MJ or 0 gC0 2 -eq / kWh H i.
  • synthetic diesel produced from waste wood by the Fischer-Tropsch process yields 4 gC0 2 -eq / MJ (14.4 gC0 2 -eq / kWhHi), DME produced from waste wood and methanol produced from waste wood to 5 gC0 2 - ⁇ q / MJ (18 gC0 2 -eq / kWh H i), Fischer Tropsch diesel produced from wood pulp to 6 gC0 2 -eq / MJ (21.6 gC0 2 -eq / kWhHi) and DME produced from timber and from Vegetable wood produced methanol to 7 gC0 2 eq / MJ (25.2 gC0 2 eq / kWh H i).
  • Ethanol produced from wheat straw reaches 11 gC0 2 eq / MJ (39.6 gC0 2 eq / kWl H i).
  • the EU Directive uses older, but now outdated, IPCC values when comparing these emission values with the GHG emissions of fossil fuels. According to the outdated IPCC values, on average, fossil gasoline and fossil diesel cause a GHG emission of 83.8 gC02 equivalents / MJ, which corresponds to 301.7 gC0 2 -eq / kWh H j.
  • ZSW Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research proposes an energy supply system in which a hydrogen production facility uses electricity from renewable sources, including electricity from biomass power plants for electrolysis in a known electrolysis unit and thus electrical energy from renewable sources chemically binds hydrogen in the energy carrier.
  • This regenerative hydrogen is to be supplied to a conventional methanation reactor.
  • Methanmaschinesreaktor a C0 2 -containing gas is also passed, the C0 2 -containing gas among other things, fossil power plants and biogas plants can originate.
  • the regenerative hydrogen and the C0 2 are to be synthesized according to the known Sabatier process to methane. Gas service stations can be part of such an energy supply system.
  • DE4332789A1, DE102004030717A1 and DE102009007567 disclose very similar systems. Once realized, such power systems can safely supply the market with renewable and / or regenerative fuel. However, it is not guaranteed that the regenerative fuel is also 100% GHG-free. If, for example, fossil CO 2 has entered into the methanol or methane fuel, eg from a coal-fired power plant and / or THG-contaminated electricity, for example from a maize-operated biogas plant, the methane fuel may well be contaminated with greenhouse gas emissions, possibly in considerable extent.
  • a third technique for the isolation of C0 2 is realized with so-called IGCC power plants (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle), which uses fossil fuels such as coal, but also regenerative energy sources such as biomass or waste by partial gasoline partial oxidation -) Convert gas consisting essentially of hydrogen and CO.
  • IGCC power plants Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle
  • Convert gas consisting essentially of hydrogen and CO.
  • the CO is allowed to react under high pressure with steam to C0 2 and hydrogen.
  • the CO 2 can be relatively easily absorbed from the gas mixture by one of the known methods of gas scrubbing (inter alia pressure swing adsorption). tion of amine washing and cryogenic processes.
  • the (fuel) gas is usually emitted, but it can also produce pure hydrogen, methanol, ethanol or synthetic methane, octane, propane and butane.
  • This third technique of C0 2 separation is called pre-combustion capture because the C0 2 is removed from the process before the (combustion) gas is used.
  • DE 102010017818.7 (Feldmann) and PCT / EP2011 / 000748 (Feldmann) describe, among other things, a process and installations for producing greenhouse gas-reduced biogas for its processing into greenhouse gas-negative bio-methane and regenerative CO 2 for mixing greenhouse-gas-negative bio-methane and natural gas (CNG) to a greenhouse gas-free mixed gas and the use of the greenhouse gas-negative bio methane and / or the greenhouse gas-free mixed gas as greenhouse gas-negative or greenhouse gas-free energy sources, in particular as greenhouse gas-negative or greenhouse gas-free fuels in traffic.
  • GHG emissions of other fuels than the bio-methane produced in the plant could be reduced, in particular the GHG emissions of fossil or foreign biogenic or synthetic fuels.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to eliminate the lack of GHG pollution as many fuels, especially of fuels that are used in traffic. It is necessary to define a process and systems or systems (plant configurations) that reduce additional GHG emissions due to fuel use, beyond what is possible simply by switching from fossil fuels to biofuels or to synthetic fuels.
  • all fossil, biogenic and synthetic fuels should be considered. solution
  • the method disclosed here which is aimed at improving the GHG balance of fuels of all kinds, in particular the improvement of the GHG balance of foreign fuels, consists of a total of 10 process steps with full utilization of all possibilities of execution and expansion. It comprises in detail process steps 1) “Selection of the energy sources to be used", 2) “Conversion to C0 2 - containing gases", 3.) “Separation of the regenerative C0 2 s", 4.) “Recuperation of the regenerative C0 2 s ", 5.)” liquefaction of the recuperated regenerative C0 2 s ", 6.)” interim storage of the recuperated regenerative C0 2 s ", 7.)” transport “, 8.)” use of the regenerative C0 2 s “ , 9.) “Balancing the meta-system” environment “and 10.)” Use of the relieved fuels in traffic "or” Use of the relieved fuels for heat or power generation ".
  • C0 2 thereby falls only as by-value or worthless waste product. Therefore, C0 2 resulting from incineration, fermentation and gasification is usually simply emitted into the meta-system "environment.” If C0 2 is required in bulk for industrial use, it is usually recovered as a by-product of other industrial processes a) in the industrial combustion of coke with (excess) air, b) in the industrial gasification of coal, c) in industrial ammonia synthesis, d) in industrial methanol production and e) in industrial lime burning. The fact that the required carbon comes from fossil sources is obvious in the production processes a) and b).
  • C0 2 has fossil origins: while for the running under high pressure and high temperature reaction N 2 + 3 H 2 »> 2 NH 3 nitrogen is separated by cryogenic technology by air liquefaction or air separation is the hydrogen required by steam reforming is also produced from natural gas or from coal or from the petroleum fraction naphtha.
  • C0 2 is produced in synthesis gas production as a product of the water-gas shift reaction.
  • the C0 2 is previously washed out of the process gas, for example by the Rectisol process.
  • C0 2 is therefore available in relatively large amounts in relatively pure form (after separation of the C0 2 s, the hydrogen is mixed in the required ratio with nitrogen and synthesized to ammonia).
  • the CO 2 which is a by-product of ammonia synthesis, also has fossil origins.
  • the industrial production of methanol (CH 4 O) occurs almost exclusively with catalysts under high pressure and high temperatures from syngas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen (in the ratio of about 1: 2).
  • the synthesis gas required for methanol synthesis can be produced from fossil feedstocks such as coal, petroleum fractions and peat, but also from renewable raw materials such as wood, straw and other biomass, as well as from biogas, waste or sewage sludge.
  • steam reforming and partial oxidation of natural gas are common.
  • Coal and natural gas are the major sources of synthesis gas in the industrial production of methanol worldwide. In Germany, about 2 million tons of methanol were produced in 2000, of which about 1.4 million tons or approx. 70% from fossil residual oils. The resulting in the syngas production C0 2 is washed out as in the ammonia synthesis before synthesis from the process gas. Thus, C0 2 , which is produced in relatively large amounts as a by-product of methanol synthesis and is available in relatively pure form, usually has fossil origins. Lime burning is the decomposition of calcium carbonate to calcium oxide and C0 2 . The reaction CaC0 3 »> C0 2 + CaO takes place at a temperature between 900 and 1,300 ° C.
  • CaC0 3 is supplied in the form of fossil limestones from a limestone quarry and heated to about 900-1300 ° C in vertically operating ring or shaft furnaces or in rotary kilns or in eddy current furnaces. The ovens are charged with a mixture of 90% limestone and 10% coke. Both feedstocks originate from fossil deposits. Thus, C0 2 , which is a byproduct of lime burning, has fossil origins.
  • Step 3 "Separation of the regenerative CO2S".
  • the extraction of the resulting C0 2 is s need to be limited by the requirement -free the subsequent process, C0 2, necessarily Vergasungsanla- gene without C0 2 are -Separation
  • a non-fossil primary energy source such as biomass
  • the separated C0 2 fulfills the precondition of regenerative origin and it is in the desired concentrated form after separation, the more concentrated the C0 2 is Less technical and energetic effort must be made in the subsequent liquefaction or solidification steps, since the gas mass flow to be cooled will then be smaller, which is why Advantage, if the C0 2 supplying gasification plant uses non-fossil primary energy sources as raw material and if the regenerative C0 2 is supplied in the highest possible concentration.
  • the known methods can be used, for example the membrane / permeation process, the pressure-swing adsorption process (with PSA plants), the absorption process (with MEA plants) and cryogenic digestion. drive.
  • the regenerative C0 2 contained in the biogas can be extracted from the biogas before it is converted into electricity.
  • CHP power plants
  • biogas plants usually have only low capacity and it is not worthwhile to provide gas scrubbing equipment for small plants.
  • production of regenerative C0 2 part of the process of the invention would.
  • the inventive method it is advantageous to avoid this possible.
  • the biogas plants selected anyway the biogas already prepare to To get bio methane.
  • biogas plants that feed into the natural gas grid and biogas plants that supply liquid bio methane or pressurized bio methane with suitable means of transport (pipeline, mobile pressurized gas containers, mobile liquid gas tanks).
  • suitable means of transport pipeline, mobile pressurized gas containers, mobile liquid gas tanks.
  • the separated in the plants regenerative C0 2 is therefore not, as is customary today, released into the atmosphere and thus returned to the (short-term) C0 2 cycle, but collected (recuperated) and possibly stored.
  • the C0 2 precipitation and the C0 2 recuperation can be combined in one plant.
  • the recuperation regenerative C0 2 s is therefore a novelty, especially in combination with the other process steps.
  • Process step 5 "Liquefaction of the recuperated regenerative CC s": In order to be able to better store and transport the recuperated regenerative C0 2 it is advantageous to liquefy it The apparatus complexity and the costs of a gaseous handling would be significantly higher However, the process step is not absolutely necessary, it can also be skipped, for example if the use is relatively close to the location of the CO 2 production or separation and in this case the means of transport "gas pipeline" is more cost-effective.
  • Process step 7) "Transport”: The recuperated regenerative CO 2 is physically transported from the place of recuperation or intermediate storage to the place of use, which can be transported by truck and / or by ship and / or by rail and / or by pipeline.
  • Process step 8) "Use of the regenerative CO 2 s": The use of the regenerative CO 2 s determines which GHG effect is achieved in the meta-system "environment". In order to achieve a positive GHG effect, 3 usage options are provided. see: A) sequestration of the regenerative C0 2 s, B) Substitution of fossil C0 2 s, C) use of the regenerative C0 2 s for the production of synthetic fuels.
  • the C0 2 is geologically demolished (sequestered) and thus removed from the meta-system "environment.”
  • the segregation removes regenerative C0 2 from the short-term C0 2 cycle, which is significantly more is considered to be a mere avoidance of further additional GHG emissions into the meta-system "environment” as the C0 2 level of the atmosphere is actively lowered. If this reduction in the atmospheric CO 2 level of a small amount of fuel is taken into account (see process step 9), this can be relieved to such an extent that its GHG burden is not only reduced or brought to zero, but even negative. This is of particular advantage when it comes to the dual use of fuel.
  • methane in the case of dual-fuel concepts, for example, it is possible to use methane as gas and / or methane as liquid on the one hand and diesel or biodiesel on the other hand in dual-fuel trucks. If the methane has a negative GHG balance, it can compensate for the positive GHG balance of diesel or biodiesel so that the trucks are ultimately GHG-free despite the use of polluted fuels.
  • the regenerative C0 2 is introduced into one of the conventional reforming processes, in which it is treated to a regenerative synthetic fuel, preferably according to the known Sabatier process to synthetic methane (CH 4 ) or according to the other known methods (eg steam reforming, Bertau / Piserold / Singliar method) to synthetic methanol (CH 3 OH), ethanol or to synthetic Me- than, octane, butane or propane.
  • a regenerative synthetic fuel preferably according to the known Sabatier process to synthetic methane (CH 4 ) or according to the other known methods (eg steam reforming, Bertau / Piserold / Singliar method) to synthetic methanol (CH 3 OH), ethanol or to synthetic Me- than, octane, butane or propane.
  • C0 2- Kn LCA-THG load of the fuel to be discharged n, measured before the discharge in gC0 2 -eq / kWh H i or in gC0 2 -eq / MJ;
  • C0 2 -ZBi n GHG target load of the fuel to be discharged n, measured after the discharge in gC0 2 -eq / kWh H i or in gC0 2 -eq / MJ;
  • step 4. "Recuperation" 5,600 1 regenerative C0 2 s recuperated and in the following process steps 5.) to 8.) C0 2 emissions, eg through the use of 56,000 kWhei of electricity from the German electricity mix for the control of the liquefaction plant and through the consumption of 2,240,000 kWha, heat from natural gas for the liquefaction of the recuperated regenerative C0 2s and through the use of 593,000 kWhHi diesel fuel for the transport of the liquefied C0 2 s by truck, then the chargeable C0 2 quantity is reduced to 4,827.3 t / a.
  • any fuel into an absolutely THG-free fuel. It is thus possible to offer absolutely C0 2 -free gasoline, absolutely C0 2 -free diesel fuel, absolutely THG-free kerosene, absolutely C0 2 -free natural gas, absolutely C0 2 -free liquefied petroleum gas, absolutely GHG-free heavy oil and also absolutely C0 2 -free biofuels and absolutely THG-free synthetic fuels.
  • the respectively available GHG-reduced fuel quantity is greater, the lower the initial LCA-GHG load of the fuel to be relieved and vice versa.
  • zero-emission mobility is provided, without changing the established propulsion technologies or replacing them with other propulsion technologies (electric or hydrogen propulsion) and without the need to build new gas station infrastructures.
  • a particular advantage of this method step is that the positive environmental effects are immediately effective over the entire vehicle stock can and should not be waited to full effectiveness on the complete replacement of the old vehicle stock by new vehicles.
  • the sequestration of regenerative C0 2 has the greatest effect on the GHG balances of the process or on the energy products obtained by the process. This is not a computational assignment, the C0 2 is rather physically stored in deep geological formations.
  • the effective C0 2 reduction (final removal of C0 2 from the atmospheric C0 2 cycle of the meta-system "environment") is attributed to any fuel and not only GHG-free fuels with a GHG reduction of 100% but also by this method by 0.01% to 99.99% GHG-reduced fuels and fuels whose GHG emission was reduced by> 100%.
  • the GHG-relieved fuel or fuels can not only be used in traffic, but also as GHG-reduced or as GHG-free heating fuels and for the production of GHG-reduced or THG-free electricity.
  • the inventive method includes the control and regulation of the respective sub-processes and the overall process. These are implemented in the usual way as system or system control and are therefore not explained in detail.
  • fuel can be provided and used with the method disclosed here without increasing the (atmospheric) CO 2 inventory of the meta-system "environment.”
  • These fuels can be used in traffic.
  • the use of absolutely THG-free fuels makes zero-emission mobility possible, possibly even GHG-negative mobility.
  • the international automotive industry can still build cars with internal combustion engines, without having to change the technology, the GHG freedom of mobility is achieved through fuel.
  • THG-reduced or THG-free fuels are thus of advantage for the automotive industry, its employees, car buyers and users and last but not least for the environment.
  • Figures 1 to 5 show exemplary embodiments of the method according to the invention, wherein the rectangles represent substances and products and rectangles with cut corners processes or process steps.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of the method steps for improving the GHG balance of any fuels in all possible variants
  • FIG. 2 shows an alternative embodiment of the method in which the intermediate storage of the recuperated regenerative C0 2 s is dispensed with.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment variant of the method illustrated in FIG. 1, in which the regenerative CO 2 is obtained exclusively by the conversion method of anaerobic fermentation and in which the unused process options are no longer shown.
  • FIG. 4 shows an embodiment variant of the method illustrated in FIG. 1, in which the regenerative CO 2 is obtained exclusively by the gasification conversion method.
  • FIG. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of the method illustrated in FIG. 1, in which the regenerative CO 2 is obtained exclusively by the combustion conversion method.
  • FIGS. 6 to 10 show exemplary embodiments of the possible system configuration.
  • plants or devices are shown as a rectangle with cut off corners and fabrics or products as a rectangle.
  • FIG. 6 shows a general schematic block diagram of the plant components which are or may be required for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 7 shows an alternative embodiment of the system from FIG. 6, in which the temporary storage of the recuperated regenerative C0 2 s is dispensed with.
  • FIG. 8 shows an embodiment variant of the plant from FIG. 6, in which the conversion of the starting materials and the recovery of the regenerative C0 2 s take place in a fermentation plant; the unused plant components are no longer displayed.
  • FIG. 9 shows an embodiment variant of the installation from FIG. 6, in which the conversion of the starting materials and the recovery of the regenerative C0 2 s take place in a firing plant.
  • FIG. 10 shows a variant embodiment of the plant from FIG. 6, in which the conversion of the starting materials and the recovery of the regenerative C0 2 s take place in a gasification plant.
  • the rectangles 1 to 9 represent the usual starting materials for the production of C0 2 , both the fossil feedstocks and the regenerative feedstocks.
  • the rectangle with the reference numeral 1 is propane, the reference numeral 2 refers to butane, 3 to petroleum fractions such as Naphta, 4 to natural gas, 5 to fossil coal, 6 to biomass, 7 to hydrocarbon waste, 8 to organic waste and 9 on farmyard manure (see list of references).
  • step 1 those starting materials are selected with which regenerative C0 2 can be produced, namely at least THG-reduced, preferably GHG-free biomass (1 1) and / or at least THG-reduced, preferably GHG -free waste (12) and / or at least THG-reduced, preferably GHG-free farm fertilizer (13) and / or at least THG-reduced, preferably GHG-free organic waste (14).
  • the selected ingredients are converted into C0 2 -containing mixed gases.
  • Gasification (15), anaerobic digestion (16) and incineration (17) are the possible conversion methods.
  • the conversion process of the gasification (15) is formed as a mixed gas pyrolysis gas (19), which is composed of regenerative C0 2 and synthesis gas.
  • Using the conversion process of anaerobic digestion (16) produces the Mixed gas Biogas (20), which consists of regenerative C0 2 , methane and associated gases.
  • the mixed gas flue gas (21) which consists essentially of regenerative C0 2 , CO, NO x , 0 2 , N and other associated gases.
  • process step 3 mixed gas-specific technology is used to concentrate or extract the regenerative CO 2 contained in all of the mixed gases listed and to make it available for further use.
  • the aim is to recover concentrated regenerative C0 2 (23 and 24) and separate them from the associated gases (18).
  • To the C0 2 from the Extracting mixed gas "biogas” is also one of the usual gas treatment processes used (see above).
  • one of the suitable gas extraction process is used, in addition to those already mentioned possibly also the oxyfuel process (not shown), in which before the combustion of the feedstock an air separation takes place and for the combustion of the feedstock is largely used oxygen, so that the flue gas is largely nitrogen-free and the C0 2 concentration in the flue gas high or even very high with the further consequence that the cost of C0 2 extraction is relatively low.
  • the greatest possible part of the regenerative C0 2 s is supplied to process step 4 (recuperation, reference numeral 25).
  • the proportion of regenerative C0 2 s to be recuperated results from the desired cost / benefit ratio in the separation, because the additional equipment required in each case increases with increasing degree of extraction (increasing marginal expenditure).
  • the recuperated regenerative C0 2 (26) is liquefied in step 5 (27, 28) or converted into the solid state or initially left in the gaseous state.
  • the liquefaction of C0 2 s is carried out according to the prior art with cryogenic processes in suitable equipment.
  • the liquefied C0 2 is further cooled.
  • the liquefaction and solidification are beneficial because themselves The C0 2 in liquid and solid state (not shown) better store and transport.
  • the gaseous and / or liquefied and / or solidified regenerative C0 2 (not shown) is intermediately stored in process step 6 (29) in pressure tanks or in liquefied gas tanks or in isolated cold stores until they are transported to the place of use or to the site of sequestration.
  • Intermediate storage is required because the fluctuating volume flow of C0 2 generation usually does not correspond to the fluctuating volume flow of the use.
  • the intermediate storage performs the function of a buffer.
  • the recuperated regenerative C0 2 (not shown) is transported by appropriate means to the site of use or sequestration.
  • GHG-reduced fuel is used, particularly preferably GHG-free fuel and in particular GHG-negative fuel. The use of these fuels prevents the GHG balance of the transported C0 2 s from deteriorating.
  • Process 8 involves the use of the recuperated regenerative C0 2 s.
  • the options include sequestration (31), material substitution of fossil C0s (32) and use as feedstock for the production of synthetic fuels such as synthetic methane, synthetic octane, synthetic butane and synthetic propane or synthetic methanol and synthetic ethanol ,
  • the atmospheric inventory of C0 2 is reduced or at least not further increased: the sequestration regenerative C0 2 s decreases the atmospheric C0 2 inventory, the material substitution forces back the use of fossil C0 2 s and synthetic fuels produced from regenerative C0 2 Substitute fossil fuels, which also results in a reduction in the emission of fossil C0 2 s or corresponding greenhouse gases.
  • process step 9 the reduction of the atmospheric CO 2 level (not shown) and / or the reduction of fossil CO 2 emissions (or corresponding greenhouse gases) (not shown) with the CO 2 emissions (or the THG -Emis- ions) of the selected fuels, resulting in a virtual statistical GHG relief (not shown) of the at least one selected fuel (35).
  • the maximum amount of fuel that can be relieved is given by the formula given above.
  • method step 10 it is determined how the unloaded fuel (35) is used. Since the GHG reduction is the most difficult to achieve for all sectors in the transport sector (see various statements by the EU and the German Federal Government), a solution to this problem is best rewarded here. It is therefore advantageous to use the relieved fuel (35) in traffic (36), preferably in traffic and particularly preferably in air traffic. Alternatively, the GHG-relieved fuel (35) may be used as fuel or exhaled (37).
  • the inventive method includes the control and regulation of the respective sub-processes and the overall process. These are implemented in the usual way as system or system control and are therefore not explained in detail.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment variant of the method according to the invention in which intermediate storage of the recuperated regenerative C0 2 s is dispensed with. Instead, it is transported to the place of use without intermediate storage.
  • FIG. 3 shows a variant of the method generally described in FIG. 1, in which the unused method steps are no longer shown.
  • biomass (11) and manure (13) were selected in process step 1 (10).
  • the conversion process used in process step 2 is anaerobic digestion (16).
  • suitable gas scrubbing eg Rectisol-, pressurized water, non-pressurized amine scrubbing, Kryo-V experienced
  • the recuperated C0 2 (26) is liquefied (27) in process step 5, stored temporarily in cryogenic tanks (not shown) (29) and thereafter transported by truck (not shown) to the place of use (not shown) (30).
  • the regenerative C0 2 (not shown) transported to the place of use is used there to substitute material for fossil C0 2 (not shown) (32).
  • the resulting GHG credits (not shown) are used in the replacement of the Meta-System "Environment" (34) to relieve the GHG balance of fossil natural gas (35) and fossil diesel fuel (35), which are GHG-relieved fuels be used in road traffic (36).
  • FIG. 4 shows a variant of the method generally described in FIG. 1, in which the unused method steps are no longer shown.
  • the biomass (11) was selected in process step 1 (10).
  • the conversion process used in process step 2 is thermochemical gasification (15).
  • the regenerative C0 2 contained in the pyrolysis gas (19) is separated from the associated gases (18) of the C0 2 s in process step 3 (22) using one of the suitable gas scrubbing processes (eg Rectisol process, pressurized water scrubbing, pressureless amine scrubbing, cryogenic processes) and Step 4 (25) recirculates as completely as possible.
  • the suitable gas scrubbing processes eg Rectisol process, pressurized water scrubbing, pressureless amine scrubbing, cryogenic processes
  • the recuperated gaseous C0 2 (26) is transported to the point of use (not shown) by means of a pipeline (not shown) without intermediate storage (30).
  • the regenerative C0 2 (not shown) transported to the place of use is used there as feedstock for the production of synthetic fuels (33).
  • the resulting GHG credits (not shown) are used in the balancing of the MetaSystem "environment” (34) to relieve the GHG balance of a fossil fuels (eg natural gas, reference numeral 35), which this GHG-relieved fuel in appropriate heating systems (not 5 shows a variant of the method generally described in FIG. 1.
  • Biomass (11) and waste (12) were selected from the possible starting materials (1 - 9) in method step 1 (10)
  • the conversion process used is combustion (17) in method step 2.
  • the mixed gas flue gas (21) is produced in this case.
  • the regenerative CO 2 contained in flue gas (21) is treated in process step 3 (22) with one of the suitable gas scrubbing methods (eg Oxy-fuel process, rectisol process, pressurized water wash, pressureless amine wash, cryo process) of the accompanying gases (18) of C0 2 s separated and as completely as possible recuperated in step 4 (25).
  • one of the suitable gas scrubbing methods eg Oxy-fuel process, rectisol process, pressurized water wash, pressureless amine wash, cryo process
  • Part of the recuperated CO 2 s (26) is liquefied (27) in process step 5, stored temporarily in cryogenic tanks (29) and then transported by truck (not shown) to the place of use (geological repository, not shown). transported (30).
  • the other part is stored in a gaseous state in pressurized gas tanks or caverns (not shown) and then transported to the place of use (plant for the production of synthetic fuels, not shown).
  • the regenerative C0 2 (not shown) transported to the geological repository is sequestered there (31).
  • the C0 2 transported to the synthesis plant is used there as feedstock for the synthesis of fuels (33).
  • the resulting GHG credits (not shown) will be used in offsetting the Meta Environmental System (34) to relieve the GHG balance of a range of fuels (35), including fossil, biogenic and synthetic fuels Fuels (35) are used both in (road) traffic (36) and for power generation and heating purposes (37).
  • FIG. 6 shows a general system configuration which converts the feedstocks (1 1, 12, 13, 14) selected according to the method into mixed gases (19, 20, 21), namely pyrolysis gas (19) with one of the conventional gasification plants (51) generates biogas (20) with one of the usual biogas plants (52) and flue gas (21) with one of the conventional combustion plants (53).
  • the pyrolysis gas (19) is fed to a conventional separation plant (54).
  • the regenerative C0 2 (24) contained in the pyrolysis gas (19) is separated from the pyrolysis gas by means of the customary separation plant (54).
  • the regenerative C0 2 (24) is not discharged into the atmosphere as usual, but is collected as completely as possible according to the invention by means of a recuperation device (57).
  • the associated gases (18) are used in other plants for the production of synthetic fuels or for energy recovery.
  • the recuperated, originating from pyrolysis regenerative C0 2 (60) is either stored in a gaseous state in pressure tanks or pressure tanks (64) or a liquefaction plant (63) supplied to the recuperated regenerative C0 2 (60) by cooling in the liquid state brings (65) or into a solidification plant (64), which converts the recuperated regenerative C0 2 (60) by further cooling in the solid state and thus converts it into so-called dry ice (66).
  • the biogas (20) is fed to one of the usual gas scrubbers (55), eg a Rectisol system or a system for pressurized water scrubbing, or a plant which operates on the principle of pressureless amine scrubbing or a plant which operates according to a ryo process.
  • the regenerative C0 2 contained in the biogas (20) is extracted from the biogas (20) by means of these gas scrubbers (55).
  • the separated regenerative C0 2 (24) is not released into the atmosphere as usual, but collected by means of a recuperation device (58).
  • the associated gases (18), including the high-energy bio methane, are used for energy purposes or fed into the natural gas grid after further treatment.
  • the recuperated, biogas-derived regenerative C0 2 (61) is either temporarily stored in a gaseous state in pressure tanks or pressure tanks (67) or a liquefaction plant (63), which brings the recuperated regenerative C0 2 (61) by cooling in the liquid state (65) or in a solidification plant (64), which converts the recuperated regenerative C0 2 (61) by even lower cooling than in the liquefaction in the solid state and thus converts it into so-called dry ice (66).
  • the flue gas (21) is fed to one of the abovementioned customary gas purification systems (56), which extracts the regenerative CO 2 (24) from the flue gas (21) by one of the customary methods. Also possible is the upstream connection of an air separation plant (not shown), whereby almost exclusively the recovered oxygen is used in the furnace and thus no nitrogen in the air. This creates a flue gas with high and very high C0 2 concentrations (24). However, the separated from the flue gas regenerative C0 2 (24) is not discharged as usual in the atmosphere, but collected by means of a Rekuperationsvorraum (58). The accompanying gases (18) of the regenerative C0 2 s (24) are released into the atmosphere after any cleaning that may have to be carried out.
  • the recuperated, flue-gas regenerative C0 2 (61) is either temporarily stored in a gaseous state in pressure tanks (67) or fed to a liquefaction plant (63) which cools the recuperated regenerative C0 2 (61) to a liquid state brings (65) or into a solidification plant (64), which converts the recuperated regenerative C0 2 (61) by even lower cooling than in the liquefaction in the solid state and thus converts it into so-called dry ice (66).
  • recuperated regenerative CO 2 (60, 61, 62) When the recuperated regenerative CO 2 (60, 61, 62) is left in gaseous form, it is stored in at least one pressure tank (67) until it is transported to the point of use.
  • Liquefied regenerative C0 2 (65) is temporarily stored in at least one cryogenic tank (68) and solidified C0 2 (dry ice; 66) in at least one insulated and optionally refrigerated room or container (69) until it is removed.
  • recuperated regenerative C0 2 is transported to the place of use by means of suitable means of transport (eg truck, ship, railroad, pipeline).
  • suitable means of transport eg truck, ship, railroad, pipeline.
  • the regenerative C0 2 (76, 77, 78) spent at the point of use is fed either to a geological repository (79) where it is sequestered or to an (possibly industrial) site (80) where it substitutes for fossil C0 2 (not shown) is used (eg a plant of the food industry), or a plant for the production of at least one synthetic fuel (81).
  • the synthesis device (81) is fuel-specifically designed so that the supplied regenerative C0 2 optimally reacts with the supplied hydrogen.
  • GHG emissions (85, 86, 87) of the selected at least one fossil or biogenic or synthetic fuel (88, 89, 90) are billed or balanced. Positive GHG effects thus compensate for negative GHG effects and overall GHG neutrality is created.
  • the fuel quantity (88, 89, 90) whose GHG emission can be reduced or neutralized or overcompensated is calculated according to the formula given in claim 20.
  • the GHG-relieved fuel quantity (88, 89, 90) can be used in traffic vehicles (91), e.g. in road vehicles, rail vehicles, aircraft and ships, or in heating installations (92) or in electricity generation plants (93).
  • traffic vehicles e.g. in road vehicles, rail vehicles, aircraft and ships
  • heating installations e.g. in heating installations (92) or in electricity generation plants (93).
  • the system configuration according to the invention includes the control and regulation of the respective systems and the overall configuration. These are implemented in the usual way as system or system control and are therefore not explained in detail.
  • FIG. 7 shows a variant embodiment of the system configuration according to the invention, in which intermediate storage of the recuperated regenerative C0 2 s is dispensed with. Instead, it is transported to the place of use without the use of storage technology.
  • FIG. 8 shows an embodiment variant of the system configuration of FIG. 06 which converts the feedstocks biomass (11) and farmyard manure (13) selected in accordance with the method according to the invention into the mixed gas biogas (20) with a conventional biogas plant (52). The unused system components are no longer displayed.
  • the associated gases (18), including the high-energy bio methane, are used for energy purposes or, after further processing, fed into the natural gas grid.
  • the extracted regenerative C0 2 (24) is recuperated as completely as possible by means of a recuperation device (58).
  • the recuperated regenerative CO 2 (61) is fed to a liquefaction plant (63) which brings the recuperated regenerative CO 2 (61) into the liquid state by cooling (65).
  • the liquefied regenerative CO 2 (65) is stored in cryogenic tanks (68) and then transported by truck (74) to the point of use (not shown).
  • the regenerative C0 2 (77) transported to the place of use is fed to one or more industrial plants (80) which use it in place of fossil C0 2s (not shown), eg for the production of carbonated drinks.
  • the resulting GHG credits (83), when offsetting the meta-system "Environment”, are compared to the GHG pollution (86) of fossil natural gas (35) and fossil diesel fuel (35) .
  • These two fuels are used in road traffic 6 shows an embodiment variant of the plant configuration of FIG. 06, which converts the biomass input material (11) into the mixed gas flue gas (21) by means of a conventional furnace 53.
  • the regenerative C0 2 contained in the flue gas (21) is mixed with one of the suitable gas scrubbers (eg a Rectisol plant, a pressurized water scrubber).
  • Plant a plant operating with the pressureless amine scrubber, a cryogenic plant; Reference numeral 56) from the accompanying gases (18) of C0 2 s (including 0 2 , CO, NO x , N) separated.
  • the accompanying gases (18) are discharged as worthless waste product into the atmosphere.
  • the extracted regenerative C0 2 (24) is recuperated as completely as possible by means of a Rekuperationsvomchtung (59).
  • the recuperated regenerative CO 2 (62) is stored in gaseous form in pressure tanks (67) and then transported by suitable means of transport (73) to the place of use (not shown).
  • the regenerative C0 2 fractions (76, 78) transported in gaseous and solid state to the place of use are fed in part to at least one geological disposal site (79) and to the other part of one or more fuel synthesis facilities (81) use fossil C0 2 s (not shown).
  • the regenerative C0 2 s from the atmosphere and with the substitution of fossil C0 2 s (not shown) by regenerative C0 2 (76, 78) the use of fossil C0 2 s is suppressed or avoided.
  • FIG. 10 shows an alternative embodiment of the system configuration of FIG.
  • FIG. 06 which uses the biomass feedstock (11) selected according to the inventive method by means of a gasification / pyrolysis system (51) in FIG
  • the unused system components of Figure 06 are not shown
  • the associated gases (18) are used in the main process of the gasification plant as a high-energy synthesis gas and converted into synthetic fuels.
  • the extracted regenerative C0 2 (24) is recuperated as completely as possible by means of a recuperation device (57).
  • the recuperated regenerative C0 2 (60) is temporarily stored in gaseous form in at least one pressure tank (67) and liquefied to the other part in a liquefaction plant (63) and intermediately stored in at least one liquefied gas tank. Thereafter, the gaseous C0 2 (70) and the liquid C0 2 (71) are transported by suitable transport means (73, 74) to the place of use (not shown).
  • the regenerative C0 2 (76) transported in the gaseous state to the point of use is fed to one or more fuel synthesis plants (81) which use it in place of fossil C0 2s to produce synthetic fuel (not shown).
  • the regenerative C0 2 (77) transported in the liquid state of aggregation to the place of use is fed to at least one final geological deposit (79).
  • Process step 1 Selection of the starting materials
  • Process step 2c Conversion by combustion (oxidation)
  • Mixed gas flue gas consisting of at least GHG-reduced C0 2 , CH 4 and associated gases
  • Process step 3 Separation of regenerative C0 2 s from mixed gases
  • recuperation regenerative or GHG-reduced C0 2 Recuperated regenerative or GHG-reduced C0 2
  • Process step 5a liquefaction of the recuperated C0 2 s
  • Process step 5b solidification of the recuperated regenerative C0 2 s
  • Process step 6 intermediate storage of the recuperated regenerative C0 2 s
  • Process step 7 Transport of the recuperated regenerative C0 2 s
  • Process step 8a Sequestration of the recuperated C0 2 s
  • Process step 8b Material substitution of fossil C0 2 s by the recuperated regenerative C0 2
  • Process step 8c Use of the regenerative C0 2 s for the production of synthetic fuels
  • Process step 10a Use of the relieved fuel in traffic Process step 10b: Use of the relieved fuel as fuel or for power generation gasification pyrolysis plant
  • At least 1 LPG tank At least 1 LPG tank
  • At least 1 isolated cold room At least 1 isolated cold room
  • Suitable means of transport for liquefied gas transport truck, ship, rail, pipeline
  • GHG effect transferred to fuels to be relieved of GHG loads (GHG credit or GHG certificate)
  • GHG effect transferred to fuels to be relieved of GHG loads (GHG credit or GHG certificate)
  • At least 1 vehicle of traffic (road, rail, water, air)
  • At least 1 power plant (internal combustion engine with generator, fuel cell)

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et des installations pour la réduction des gaz à effet de serre de carburants et de combustibles et l'utilisation de ces matières en tant que sources d'énergie à teneur réduite en gaz à effet de serre, en particulier en tant que carburants absolument exempts de gaz à effet de serre, sur le marché. Le CO2 provenant de sources renouvelables est séparé du gaz de pyrolyse et/ou du gaz d'échappement et/ou du biogaz et récupéré. Le CO2 renouvelable récupéré est acheminé vers un stockage final géologique (séquestré). Selon une deuxième possibilité d'utilisation, le CO2 renouvelable récupéré remplace le CO2 matériellement fossile. Selon une troisième option d'utilisation, le CO2 renouvelable sert en tant que matière première pour la production de carburants de synthèse largement exempts de gaz à effet de serre, qui remplacent les carburants fossiles, ce qui permet d'éviter des émissions supplémentaires de gaz à effet de serre fossiles. Selon la première variante d'utilisation, le CO2 renouvelable est éliminé de l'environnement, c'est-à-dire que le stock de CO2 atmosphérique est activement réduit. Selon la deuxième variante d'utilisation, le CO2 fossile est directement remplacé par le CO2 renouvelable. Selon la troisième variante d'utilisation, on évite l'émission supplémentaire de CO2 fossile et de ce fait l'augmentation du stock de CO2 atmosphérique. Les effets des gaz à effet de serre ou bien les crédits des gaz à effet de serre ou bien les certificats de gaz à effet de serre produits au moyen des trois utilisations sont compensés par les émissions de gaz à effet de serre de carburants fossiles ou renouvelables ou de synthèse. La prise en compte virtuellement statistique des crédits de gaz à effet de serre réduit les émissions de gaz à effet de serre de ces carburants, dans le meilleur des cas jusqu'à 0 g d'équivalents de CO2/MJ ou bien jusqu'à 0 g d'équivalents de CO2/kWh ou bien jusqu'à 0 g d'équivalents de CO2/km. Des véhicules qui utilisent de tels carburants à émission nulle deviennent des véhicules à émission nulle exceptionnellement respectueux de l'environnement. De ce fait, la mobilité à émission nulle devient possible sans développement de nouvelles technologies de propulsion.
PCT/EP2012/002597 2011-06-22 2012-06-20 Procédé et installations pour la réduction des gaz à effet de serre de carburants et de combustibles Ceased WO2012175194A2 (fr)

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