WO2013017176A1 - Fourniture d'une qualité de service liée au contenu dans un réseau de télécommunication à commutation de paquets - Google Patents

Fourniture d'une qualité de service liée au contenu dans un réseau de télécommunication à commutation de paquets Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013017176A1
WO2013017176A1 PCT/EP2011/063477 EP2011063477W WO2013017176A1 WO 2013017176 A1 WO2013017176 A1 WO 2013017176A1 EP 2011063477 W EP2011063477 W EP 2011063477W WO 2013017176 A1 WO2013017176 A1 WO 2013017176A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
data packet
qos
packet sequence
content
data
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PCT/EP2011/063477
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English (en)
Inventor
Joachim Sachs
Rene Rembarz
Daniel Catrein
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Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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Priority to PCT/EP2011/063477 priority Critical patent/WO2013017176A1/fr
Publication of WO2013017176A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013017176A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/16—Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]

Definitions

  • This invention is related to the handling of quality of service (QoS).
  • QoS quality of service
  • the invention is further related to a method and nodes for providing content to a m obi le station , wh ich is attached to a packet switched , PS , m obi le communication network, by sending a data packet from a server of the content provider to the mobile station.
  • the QoS and policy handling in the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has evolved with different features and different architectures.
  • Detailed information about QoS handling in evolved packet switched networks can be derived from the 3GPP standards TS 23.401 , TS 23.402 and TS 36.300.
  • the basic paradigm of QoS support in 3GPP networks is according to relationships between the end user and the access network provider. This relationship can be static, e.g. according to a contract between the end user and the access network.
  • the QoS profile for the user is then typically stored in a subscriber profile database. Further the relationship can be negotiated dynamically, e.g. when a data session is started which may lead to a special charging for a specific QoS treatment.
  • the dynamic negotiation can also be combined with a long-term policy profile.
  • a QoS bearer can be established within the access network and via the radio interface to the user device.
  • a QoS bearer determines the packet forwarding treatment in the different nodes of the access network and the user device which enables to ensure a common service performance.
  • a QoS bearer can affect e.g. the priority of packet treatment, the reserved resources and also adaptive bearer configuration like channel coding, scheduling priority or power control.
  • bearer QoS parameters are known in the state of art.
  • One parameter is the allocation retention priority (ARP) which specifies the relative importance compared to other Radio access bearers for allocation and retention of the Radio access bearer.
  • ARP allocation retention priority
  • MLR maximum bit rate
  • GRR guaranteed bit rate
  • Packet filters which might be allocated in the user device for uplink traffic and in the access network for downlink traffic determines which data packet is sent via which data bearer. These traffic filters can be statically configured or they can be dynamically agreed whenever a new data session is set up.
  • 3GPP network operators have pursued the so-called “walled garden approach" in which the users of their networks only having access to the operator-provided and operator-controlled services.
  • One reason for this approach is to keep the operator in the value chain and ensure proper service experience and customization.
  • Fig. 1 depicts a block diagram of a quality of service treatment of data traffic between a content provider 103 and user equipment 101 according to the state of art.
  • the mobile subscriber or user equipment 101 is attached to a packet switched (PS) mobile communication network via a radio network.
  • PS packet switched
  • the PS mobile communication network and the radio network are depicted as an access network 1 02 without mentioning any further details.
  • the user equipment 101 is connected to an access network 102 using different bearers 107, 108 and 109.
  • a quality of service is defined between the subscriber of the user equipment 101 and the access network 102 as a user profile and is stored in a subscriber profile database 104 which is located inside the access network 102.
  • the definition of a QoS can be static according to a long term contract between the subscriber of the user equipment 101 and the operator of the access network 102.
  • the definition of the QoS can also be negotiated 105 dynamically between the subscriber of the user equipment 101 and the operator of the access network 102 when e.g. a data session is started. It is also possible that a combination between a long term contract and a dynamic negotiated QoS definition exists.
  • a QoS bearer 107 is established 106 within the access network 102 to the user equipment 1 01 .
  • the QoS bearer 1 07 determ ines the packet forwarding treatment in the different nodes of the access network 1 02 and the user equipment 1 01 which enables to ensure certain service performance via preferred treatment, priority handling of data packets, reserving resources and possibly also adaptive bearer configuration like channel coding, scheduling priorities, power control, etc..
  • Packet filters in the access network 102 for downlink traffic and in the user equipment 101 for uplink traffic determine which data packets are sent via which transport bearer 1 07, 1 08, 1 09. These packet filters can be statically configured or dynamically agreed whenever a new data session is setup.
  • data traffic 1 10 is routed via the access network 102 between the subscriber of the user equipment 101 and the content provider 103.
  • OTT over-the-top
  • Typical content distribution architectures are distributed over a huge amount of servers with different addresses (like IP addresses) which make it very difficult to store each address of each service provid ing server in a communication network, especially in light of cloud-based distribution concepts where servers and network addresses are frequently changed. It is therefore not feasible to use addresses of OTT services to map the service with a specific QoS bearer in a mobile communication network because a large database must be used to store every address of servers in combination with changing OTT services.
  • an IP data packet comprises additional TCP or UDP header and could also comprises Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) data or Extensible Markup Language (XML) information.
  • HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol
  • XML Extensible Markup Language
  • the inventions relates to a method of establishing a data bearer between a network node of a PS communication network and a mobile station which is attached to the PS communication network.
  • the data bearer is established in accordance with a Quality of Service, QoS, agreement associated to the provision of a content to the mobile station.
  • the method comprises the step of adding an identifier, identifying the QoS agreement, to at least one data packet of a data packet sequence associated with the content.
  • a further step comprises sending the data packet sequence to the network node.
  • the network node detects the identifier of the at least one data packet of the data packet sequence and establishes the data bearer in accordance with the QoS agreement.
  • the invention relates further to a method of providing a content of a content provider to a mobile station.
  • the mobile station is attached to a packet switched, PS, communication network.
  • a data bearer is established between a network node of the PS communication network and the mobile station in accordance with a Quality of Service, QoS, agreement associated to the provision of the content.
  • the method comprises the steps of adding an identifier, identifying the QoS agreement, to at least one data packet of a data packet sequence associated with the content and sending the data packet sequence to the network node.
  • the network node detects the identifier of the at least one data packet of the data packet sequence and determining the corresponding data bearer and maps the data packet sequence to the data bearer associated with the QoS agreement.
  • the network node transmits the data packet sequence across the PS communication network to the mobile station via said data bearer.
  • this specific one data packet which contains the identifier will not be transmitted over the corresponding bearer which has been established due to the identifier but over a default bearer. This might happen because the transport delay will be too high if the forwarding of this data packet has to stop until the new bearer has been established.
  • a packet data sequence in the meaning of this invention consists of at least one data packet and is associated with the content of the content provider.
  • the data packet sequence represents a content or part of content.
  • the content is also related to messages which will be sent from the content receiving entity to the content provider (e . g . request m essages or acknowledge messages).
  • Another example for a message which will be sent from the content receiving entity to the content provider is a message related to an upload service (e.g. photobook).
  • the identifier can be added by a server of the content provider to the at least one data packet of a data packet sequence. It is also possible that the identifier will be added by the mobile station to at least one data packet to establish the data bearer for the following data traffic which is related to this specific communication. This can e.g. be done in one data packet of a request message which might be sent from the mobile station to the content provider to request a service or content.
  • the mobile station may receive the identifier from the content provider e. g. via a downloadable application that is provided by the content provider to the mobile station.
  • An advantage of the invention is that the content which is sent by the server of the content provider to the mobile station can be transferred through a communication network of a network operator in accordance with an agreement between the content provider and the operator of the network so that the operator of the network is in control of a quality of service for a content which is provided by an external content provider.
  • the mobile subscriber has to pay for a specific quality of service.
  • the content provider pays for the provision of content to the operator of the network.
  • the determination of content which is in accordance with the agreement by an identifier is very fast because no deep packet inspection has to be performed. Because not every data packet of a data packet sequence of the content is marked with the identifier, the mapping of the data packet sequence is very fast and does not need high processing capabilities.
  • the invention further comprises the steps of communicating authentication information between the content provider and the network operator, adding a secure tag to at least one data packet of the data packet sequence which is based on the authentication information and verifyi ng , by the network node, that the secure tag is based on the authentication information.
  • the advantage is that only a certified server of a content provider can use a better QoS for transm itting its content to the m obi le subscriber. No unauthorized data packet sequence is accepted by the network node for the specific bearer according to the QoS agreement.
  • the invention further relates to a network node and a server of the content provider which are adapted to perform the steps of the prescribed methods.
  • Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a quality of service treatment of data traffic between a content provider and user equipment according to the state of art
  • Fig. 2 shows a block diagram of a quality of service treatment of data traffic between a content provider and user equipment according to an embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 3 shows a flow chart according to a first embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 4 shows a flow chart according to a second em bodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 5 shows an exem plary seq uence d iagram s accord i ng to one embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 6 shows a network node according to one embodiment of the invention
  • Fig.7 shows a server of a content provider according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows a block diagram of a quality of service treatment of data traffic 210 between a content provider 203 and user equipment 201 according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the content provider can e.g. be a provider of a newspaper or any other kind of service provider.
  • the content provider 203 can be split up in several servers 213 which are adapted to provide contents or part of the content to other users 201 .
  • a user which can be any kind of mobile subscriber using a mobile device which is adapted to provide the requested content to the user (e.g. a smart phone or a mobile computer).
  • the mobile subscriber 201 is attached to a packet switched (PS) communication network 202.
  • the PS communication network 202 can be a mobile communication network or a wireline communication network. As a mobile communication network it also contains the radio network.
  • the PS communication network is depicted as an access network 202 without mentioning any further details.
  • a business-to-business agreement was concluded between the operator of the access network 202 and the content provider 203 and is stored as a B2B profile in a database 204 in the access network 202.
  • This agreement fixed a quality of service for specific contents of the content provider 203.
  • the database 204 can also be located outside the access network 202 but it has to be queried from the nodes in the access network 202.
  • the user equipment 201 is connected to the access network 202 using different bearers 207, 208 and 209. According to the B2B agreement a QoS bearer 207 is established 206 within the access network 202 between a gateway node 212 of the access network 202 and the user equipment or mobile subscriber 201 .
  • the QoS bearer 207 determines the packet forwarding treatment in the different nodes of the access network 202 and the user equipment 201 which enables to ensure certain service performance via preferred treatment, priority handling of data packets, reserving resources and possibly also adaptive bearer configuration like channel coding, scheduling priorities, power control, etc..
  • QoS bearers 207, 208, 209 There may be multiple QoS bearers 207, 208, 209 that can be setup by the access network 202 for a specific subscriber or user equipment 201 .
  • One of the bearers 208, 209 can be used for a default setup so that even if there is data which is not related to a QoS agreement can be transferred through the access network 202.
  • This default bearer normally provides a smaller bandwidth than the bearers which have been associated to a QoS agreement. It is also possible that the default bearer provides the remaining bandwidth which is not used by other bearers.
  • the data traffic 210 is routed through the access network over a QoS bearer 207 which is in accordance with the B2B-QoS agreement stored in the database 204.
  • the node 212 of the access network 202 which can be e.g. a gateway node (GGSN) of a GPRS network or any other kind of gateway node of a packet switched access network and the server 213 of the content provider 203 the data traffic can be routed through different networks like the Internet or other mobile networks.
  • GGSN gateway node
  • Fig. 3 shows a flow chart according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • a server of a content provider adds an identifier to the header of at least one data packet of a data packet sequence which has to be sent to a mobile subscriber according to a quality of service agreement.
  • the data packet sequence comprises at least one data packet and is defined as an equal set of data packets wherein some of the header fields are the same (e. g. network addresses of the destination and origination).
  • some of the header fields are the same (e. g. network addresses of the destination and origination).
  • the QoS was agreed between the content provider and the operator of the access network of the subscriber. This identifier identifies the QoS agreement such that if there are existing more than one agreement between the content provider and the operator of the access network, a specific agreement is identified. This can e.g. be done by a specific number which is allocated to this specific agreement.
  • a next step 302 the data packet sequence is sent to a receiving unit of the access network in which the subscriber has its subscription.
  • a receiving unit can be any kind of gateway node of the access network.
  • the QoS agreement is determined in a next step 304 based on the identifier of at least one data packet of the data packet sequence which was added by the server of the content provider in step 301 .
  • the data packet sequence is mapped to a bearer in accordance with the QoS agreement and is then forwarded towards the subscriber over said bearer.
  • the network node will establish the data bearer between the network node and the subscriber first. Because it might take time to establish the bearer the data packet sequence or the data packet which contains the identifier will be forwarded over a default bearer first. After the data bearer is established in accordance with the QoS agreement the remaining data packets of the data packet sequence and all the following data packet sequence which are associated to the content can be sent over this new established bearer.
  • the network node remains the established bearer 207 which is in accordance with QoS agreement for a predefined time so that if the network node, after transmitting a first data packet sequence or stream over the established bearer 207, receives a second data packet sequence which is also allocated to the QoS agreement it is able to transmit the second data packet sequence to the already established data bearer 207 without checking the identifier in the at least one data packet.
  • the server of the content provider after the identifier according to the QoS agreement has been added to at least one data packet of a data packet sequence or stream in a first step 401 , creates a secure tag based on a HASH algorithm in a step 402.
  • the HASH algorithm is performed over a specific part of the at least one data packet (header, payload or a combination of both) and can be based on authentication information which has been communicated between the content provider and the operator of the access network before.
  • the key may be based on symmetric encryption with shared keys or on asymmetric encryption with public and private key pairs. In the symmetric encryption the keys have to be exchanged on a secured com munication between the operator of the access network and the content provider.
  • the asymmetric encryption is based on an unsecured transmission of a public key which is allocated to a private key so that both keys are part of a key pair. The private key will not be transferred to other participants.
  • the sender which can be the mobile subscriber or the server of the content provider will add a fingerprint or tag to the message by using its private key wherein the receiver of this message can check the validity of the identity of the sender with the public key received from the sender before.
  • a skilled person to apply the principle of symmetric or asymmetric encryption on this embodiment of the invention. Further integration of processes of automatic distribution of keys to new content providers, key renewal procedures have not been described in this invention and can be implemented accordingly.
  • the implementation of the secure tag into a header of at least one data packet of a data packet sequence can be performed by using an IPv6 extension header to convey the tag.
  • Another possibility to include the secure tag into the header is to define a new header or to use an existing and already defined header, e.g. the destination options header, to convey the tag. It needs to be ensured that the content provider shall be able to create valid data packet or IP packet tags and that it shall not be possible to re-use already created tags by the content provider for other data packets than the ones originally tagged.
  • the creation of the secure tags can be based on a HAS H-based message authentication code (HMAC) such as HMAC-SHA-1 and HMAC-MD5.
  • HMAC HAS H-based message authentication code
  • the tag may contain an indicator which indicates the parts of the data packet which have been used for calculation of the tag. It is also possible that the tag may include an indication of the key which has been used to calculate the tag. This is necessary when more than one key is used at the same time for the same service.
  • marking the header of the at least one data packet of the data packet sequence to indicate that this data packet contains a secure tag. This can e.g. be done in the traffic class field or in the flow label fields of the IPv6 header. It is possible that not each data packet of a data packet sequence contains this secure tag.
  • the data packet sequence is sent to the receiving unit in step 404.
  • a gateway node of the access network of the mobile network operator receives the data packet sequence.
  • the gateway node can be e.g. a Packet Data Network Gateway (P-GW) or a Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) of a 3GPP access network or any other kind of gateway node of a packet switched access network.
  • P-GW Packet Data Network Gateway
  • GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node
  • step 406 the node determines the QoS agreement based on the identifier of the at least one data packet of the data packet sequence. This determination is also needed to identify the necessary key for the validity check of data packets which were tagged by the secure tag.
  • step 407 the node will check the incoming data packet sequence to identify the at least one data packet which has been tagged by the secure tag. If at least one data packet of the data packet sequence is tagged the validity of the tag will be calculated based on the key (symmetric or asymmetric key). Therefore the HMAC over the specific parts of the message (header, payload or a combination of both) will be calculated in step 408. The result will be compared with the HMAC in the tag in step 409. If the both values are the same the data packet sequence is forwarded in accordance with the QoS agreement using the specific bearer 207 in step 410.
  • the data packet sequence can be mapped on a default bearer 208, 209 which is used to transfer all data packets with a lower priority or the data packet sequence will be discarded. Both options are described in step 41 1 of Fig. 4.
  • the gateway node might also check the validity of the keys which have been used to create the tag before the data packet sequence is forwarded to the subscriber. This is typically done with a billing or charging system. Depending on the QoS agreement the content provider may have a pre-paid account. The billing/charging system will then immediately deduct the costs for transporting the data packet sequence to the subscriber and approve the validity of the key. For a post-paid account the billing/charging system will aggregate the costs for the transportation of the data packet sequence and the key will automatically be validated. In this case only if the data packet sequence contains at least one data packet with an authorized tag that was created with a valid key the data packet sequence will be forwarded to the subscriber using the QoS in the access network.
  • Fig. 5 depicts a sequence diagram which shows an em bodiment of the invention.
  • a mobile subscriber (MS) 501 is attached to a serving GPRS support node (SGSN) 502 of an access network.
  • a gateway GPRS support node (GGS N) 504 is also located in the access network to establish a connection of the access network to a content providing server (CP-Server) 505 of a content provider.
  • a business-to-business (B2B) profile database 503 can be reached by the GGSN 504.
  • the B2B profile database 504 contains the parameters of a QoS agreement between the content provider and the operator of the access network. The parameters can be e.g.
  • the CP-Server 505 adds an identifier to at least one data packet of a data packet sequence in a first step 506 the data packet sequence is transferred to the GGSN 504. The identifier is determined in a next step 508. Based on the identifier the GGSN 504 interrogates in a next step 509 the B2B profile database 503 to get the relevant parameters of the QoS agreement. Based on this information the GGSN maps the data packet sequence in a next step 510 to a bearer which treats the data packet sequence according to the at least one QoS parameter.
  • ARP allocation retention priority
  • MRR maximum bit rate
  • GBR guaranteed bit rate
  • the GGSN 504 transmits or bears the data packet sequence in a next step 51 1 to the SGSN node 502 on the QoS bearer which forwards 512 the data packet sequence to the MS 501 .
  • the use of the security tag as described in Fig. 4 can also be implemented in the GGSN 504. This is not depicted in Fig. 5.
  • the received parameters might be stored in the GGSN 504 or in a further database to reduce data traffic caused by interrogating the B2B profile database 503.
  • This advantage is caused by the fact that content data which is provided by the CP-server is normally split up in several data packets which all uses the same QoS agreement.
  • the duration of the storage of profile data in the GGSN 504 or in a further database can be limited so that the storage can not be overfilled with profile data.
  • the server 505 of the content provider can be a specific server which is adapted to handle all outgoing data packets in accordance with the invention. It is also possible that each content providing server 505 of a content provider contains means which are adapted to perform all steps of the embodiments of the invention.
  • Fig. 6 depicts a network node 600 according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • the network node 600 comprises a receiving unit 601 , adapted to receive a data packet sequence and a sending unit 605, adapted to bear the data packet sequence across the PS communication network 202 to a mobile station 201 via a data bearer 207.
  • the network node 600 contains a first processing unit 602, adapted to detect an identifier in at least one data packet of the data packet sequence which is associated to a Quality of Service, QoS, agreement and a second processing unit 604, adapted to map the data packet sequence to a data bearer 207 in accordance with the QoS agreement.
  • 602, 604 can be combined in one processor which is divided into several modules or which contains several units which perform the steps.
  • the network node 600 comprises an interrogating unit
  • the interrogating unit 603 adapted to interrogate at least one quality of service parameter from a database 204 based on the determined identifier.
  • the interrogating unit 603 sends a request message to the database 204 containing an identification of the QoS which have been determined before.
  • the database 204 answers the request and sends back the parameters or the content of the QoS agreement.
  • These contents might comprise a minimum bandwidth or an identifier of a bearer setup used in the PS mobile communication network such that the network node can map the data packet to a bearer 207 which is in accordance with the QoS agreement.
  • Fig. 7 shows a server 700 according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • the server 700 belongs to a content provider which provides content, like music data, news data or any other kind of data, to a user.
  • the content can be spread over a large number of servers 700 or it can be stored on only one server 700.
  • the server 700 comprises a processing unit 701 , adapted to add an identifier to a data packet of a content identifying a quality of service, QoS, agreement associated to the provision of the content. It is possible that a content provider is able to provide different contents to users and each content is associated to a QoS agreement between the content provider and the operator of an access network for the user.
  • the server can be a specific server which receives e.g. data packets from the content servers. This specific server wi ll then perform the prescribed processes on every data packet which has to be processed in accordance with the QoS agreement.
  • the server 700 comprises a sending unit 702, adapted to send the data packet to a network node 212, 504, 600 of the access network 202 for the mobile station 201 , 501 , 800.
  • Fig. 8 shows a mobile station 800 which is adapted to receive content from a content provider.
  • the mobile station 800 is attached to a PS communication network and comprises a processing unit 801 , adapted to add an identifier to at least one data packet of a data packet sequence, identifying the QoS agreement associated to the provision of the content.
  • a data packet sequence can be a request message which is used by the mobile station 800 to request the provision of content from the content provider.
  • the request message can be integrated into an application (APP) of the mobile station 800 so that a user just has to start this APP to receive content.
  • the mobile station further comprises a sending unit 802, adapted to send the data packet sequence to a network node 212, 504, 600 of the PS communication network 202.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'établissement d'un support de données (207) entre un noeud de réseau (212, 504, 600) d'un réseau de télécommunication à commutation de paquets (202) et une station mobile (201, 501, 800) rattachée audit réseau (202), le support de données (207) étant établi selon un accord de qualité de service, QoS, associé à la fourniture d'un contenu à la station mobile (201, 01, 800). Le procédé comporte les étapes suivantes: ajouter un identifiant, identifier l'accord de QoS par rapport à au moins un paquet de données d'une séquence de paquets de données associée au contenu; envoyer la séquence de paquets de données au noeud de réseau (212, 504, 600); faire détecter, par le noeud de réseau (212, 504, 600), l'identifiant du ou des paquet(s) de données de la séquence de paquets de données; établir le support de données (207) selon l'accord de QoS.
PCT/EP2011/063477 2011-08-04 2011-08-04 Fourniture d'une qualité de service liée au contenu dans un réseau de télécommunication à commutation de paquets Ceased WO2013017176A1 (fr)

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US9819596B2 (en) 2015-02-24 2017-11-14 Qualcomm Incorporated Efficient policy enforcement using network tokens for services C-plane approach
WO2018022229A1 (fr) * 2016-07-25 2018-02-01 Qualcomm Incorporated Techniques de réduction de latence pour une transmission lte dans un spectre sans licence
CN110012543A (zh) * 2019-03-29 2019-07-12 深圳职业技术学院 一种物联网中低控制开销的数据传输方法、系统及存储介质

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JP2018517352A (ja) * 2015-05-21 2018-06-28 クアルコム，インコーポレイテッド ネットワークアクセストークンを使用したダウンリンクトラフィックのための効率的なポリシー実施−制御プレーン手法
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CN107667509B (zh) * 2015-05-21 2021-04-27 高通股份有限公司 使用网络接入令牌控制面办法的针对下行链路话务的高效策略实施
US11290382B2 (en) 2015-05-21 2022-03-29 Qualcomm Incorporated Efficient policy enforcement for downlink traffic using network access tokens—control-plane approach
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US11184923B2 (en) 2016-07-25 2021-11-23 Qualcomm Incorporated Latency reduction techniques for LTE transmission in unlicensed spectrum
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