WO2013024401A2 - Convertisseur de tension universel et couplage de puissance inductive - Google Patents

Convertisseur de tension universel et couplage de puissance inductive Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013024401A2
WO2013024401A2 PCT/IB2012/054021 IB2012054021W WO2013024401A2 WO 2013024401 A2 WO2013024401 A2 WO 2013024401A2 IB 2012054021 W IB2012054021 W IB 2012054021W WO 2013024401 A2 WO2013024401 A2 WO 2013024401A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
coupling member
power
coupling
inductive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2012/054021
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2013024401A3 (fr
Inventor
Gerardus Lucien Mathildus Jansen
Funda Sahin Nomaler
Can NEMLIOGLU
Ronald Hans Van Der Voort
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koninklijke Philips NV
Original Assignee
Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV filed Critical Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Priority to EP12778789.3A priority Critical patent/EP2742574B1/fr
Priority to US14/236,466 priority patent/US10361752B2/en
Priority to CN201280039397.4A priority patent/CN103718416A/zh
Publication of WO2013024401A2 publication Critical patent/WO2013024401A2/fr
Publication of WO2013024401A3 publication Critical patent/WO2013024401A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/70—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes
    • H04B5/79—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes for data transfer in combination with power transfer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/70—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the reduction of electric, magnetic or electromagnetic leakage fields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/80—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/90—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into DC
    • H02M5/04—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into DC by static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC
    • H02M5/443—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M5/45—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/4807—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode having a high frequency intermediate AC stage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/24—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by high frequency AC, or with separate oscillator frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
    • H05B45/37—Converter circuits
    • H05B45/3725—Switched mode power supply [SMPS]
    • H05B45/382—Switched mode power supply [SMPS] with galvanic isolation between input and output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
    • H05B45/37—Converter circuits
    • H05B45/3725—Switched mode power supply [SMPS]
    • H05B45/39—Circuits containing inverter bridges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J11/00—Circuit arrangements for providing service supply to auxiliaries of stations in which electric power is generated, distributed or converted
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a voltage converter for converting an input voltage to an output voltage and an inductive power coupling for the inductive transfer of electric power.
  • transformers operate at higher frequencies in the kHz range and provide the same power output having a small form factor. None of the conventional voltage transformers provide AC and DC line operation compatibility with a simple control circuitry. Hence, there is a need for improved transformers having a small size and which are compatible to different input voltages.
  • Inductive coupling systems have been developed to transfer power from one coupling member to another coupling member without the need for direct metallic contact between the coupling numbers.
  • these systems include numerous flaws and safety concerns that prevent their widespread acceptance.
  • US patent 5,909,100 discloses an inductive coupling arrangement having a multiple-magnet array and connectors that may be exposed in required cleaning.
  • the present invention provides according to a first aspect a voltage converter for converting an input voltage to an output voltage comprising an input circuitry for receiving the input voltage from a power supply, wherein the input circuitry includes chopper means for chopping a voltage derived from the input voltage at a chopper frequency to a chopped voltage, an inductive transformer unit for transforming the chopped voltage to a chopped AC voltage, and an output circuitry for converting the chopped AC voltage of the inductive transformer unit to the output voltage having a lower frequency than the chopper frequency.
  • Such a voltage converter provides a high efficiency and a small size, since the voltage transformed by the inductive transformer is chopped at a high frequency. Further, since the chopper means transforms any unipolar voltage to a chopped unipolar voltage, which is transformed by the inductive transformer unit, any waveform, in particular DC and AC voltage can be converted by the voltage converter. Hence, the voltage converter provides AC and DC line operation compatibility with simple technical means.
  • an inductive power coupling for the inductive transfer of electric power comprising a first coupling member connectable to a power supply via a set of primary conductors; a second coupling member which is couplable to the first coupling member for inductive power transfer, wherein both the first and second coupling members include a set of inductive coils for the inductive power transfer,
  • the first coupling member further includes an automatic power switch connected to the power supply conductor inside the first coupling member, wherein the power switch is activated to provide power to the first coupling member (12) for inductive power transfer when the first coupling member is coupled to the second coupling member, and is deactivated to remove power from the first coupling member when the second coupling member is not coupled to the first coupling member.
  • This arrangement provides the advantage that the coils in the first coupling member are not energized unless there is a need for them to be energized. Further, the stray electromagnetic field from the coils is eliminated.
  • the input circuitry comprises a rectifier unit for rectifying the input voltage and for providing a unipolar voltage as the voltage to the chopper means. This provides a simple possibility to provide an input circuitry which is compatible to AC and DC.
  • the inductive transformer unit comprises a resonant capacitor at a primary side connected to the input circuitry and/or at a secondary side connected to the output circuitry. This provides a simple solution to avoid DC current in the inductive transformer unit.
  • the output circuitry comprises a second rectifier unit for converting the chopped AC voltage having a changing polarity to a second unipolar voltage having the waveform of the first unipolar voltage provided by the first rectifier. This provides a simple possibility to transform the chopped AC voltage having the changing polarity to a rectified unipolar voltage having the same waveform as the first unipolar voltage.
  • the output circuitry comprises a lowpass filter for converting the chopped AC voltage to a second unipolar voltage having the waveform of the first unipolar voltage provided by the first rectifier.
  • the output circuitry comprises an inverter for inverting the second unipolar voltage to an AC output voltage having a changing polarity.
  • the unipolar voltage can be transformed with low technical effort to an AC output voltage having a changing polarity.
  • the inverter comprises an H-bridge converter including detection means for detecting a minimum of the second unipolar voltage to reconstruct a waveform of the input voltage. Due to the minimum detection, the H-bridge converter can switch the polarity of the input signal to reconstruct the waveform of the input waveform even if no communication to the input side of the inductive transformer is available.
  • the rectifier unit and the chopper means form an input circuitry and wherein the converter comprises an H- bridge transformer connected to the input circuitry to reconstruct the waveform of the input voltage.
  • the H-bridge switches the polarity of the input signal to reconstruct the waveform of the input voltage precisely with low technical effort.
  • an envelope of the chopped AC voltage provided by the inductive transformer unit has the same waveform as the input voltage. This allows to carry the frequency information from the input side to the output side of the inductive transformer unit.
  • the inductive transformer unit comprises an inductive input element inductively coupled to an inductive output element, wherein the inductive elements have different winding ratios to provide a step-up or a step-down converter.
  • the inductive transformer unit is formed by the inductive power coupling according to the second aspect of the present invention.
  • the automatic power switch may be a Hall effect switch that is responsive to the presence of the second coupling member, in particular to the presence of the permanent magnet in the second coupling member.
  • a Hall effect switch is small and reliable and permits the high voltage power to the first coupling member to be turned off, which saves power, reduces the chance of electric shock and eliminates stray electromagnetic fields.
  • the sealing capsules for the first and second coupling members may be watertight, oil-resistant and/or corrosion-resistant.
  • the couplings may be used in virtually any environment.
  • the first and second coupling members may include co-acting mechanical coupling mechanisms to bolster the attachment between the first and second coupling members.
  • the magnets do not need to be excessively strong, and no special manipulations of the first and second coupling members are required to separate them.
  • the first and second coupling members may each include an electromagnetic field shield around the coils and inside the sealing capsules.
  • the electromagnetic field shield reduces the leakage of high frequency electromagnetic fields to the surrounding environment.
  • the first coupling member includes a first signal shaping circuit for converting a nominal power level into a higher frequency power for inductive transfer to the second coupling member 14, and the second coupling member includes a second signal shaping circuit for converting the inductively-received higher frequency power into the nominal power level.
  • the first coupling member may further include a line current measurement means in communication with the power switch, and a timing means in communication with the power switch, wherein when the automatic power switch detects that the second coupling member is coupled to the first coupling member, the-line voltage applied to the coils of the first coupling member is stopped for a predetermined time interval if a line current exceeds a predetermined limit.
  • the line voltage is applied initially, but is closely monitored for conditions exceeding design parameters. This arrangement provides for the possibility that the automatic power switch may be fooled, such as by a stray external magnetic field, into sensing that the second coupling member is coupled to the first coupling member, or if the load connected to the second coupling member exceeds the load rating.
  • the line voltage is applied again at the end of a predetermined waiting period.
  • the waiting period may be used to check for the status of the coupling, e.g. if it is coupled or not, on a regular basis, and not to filter out erratic, e.g. transient shutdowns.
  • Line voltage may be applied again, subject to the previously described predetermined limit on the line current and the predetermined time limit.
  • the automatic power switch may be in further communication with a second power switch at the power supply at a source via a low- voltage or ground conductor wherein a second automatic power switch is arranged to remove power from the set of primary conductors when the second coupling member is not coupled to the first coupling member or when the second switch is not in communication with the first switch.
  • both the first and second coupling members may each include a pot core in the inductive coils.
  • a core may enhance the coupling effect between the coils, which may improve the efficiency of the inductive power transmission.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a sectional perspective view of an inductive power coupling assembly, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a sectional view of the arrangement of the magnetic field with respect to the automatic power switch in the first coupling member when no second coupling member is in proximity, according to an embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 3 illustrates a sectional view of a magnetic field around the automatic power switch in the first coupling member when the second coupling member is in the coupled position, according to an embodiment of the invention
  • Figs. 4 A and 4B illustrate schematic views of a signal shaping circuit for an inductive power coupling, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 5 illustrates a schematic diagram of an inductive power coupling system having a second power switch in communication with the power supply, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates the shielding effect of the electromagnetic field shield for the inductive power coupling device, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 7 shows a schematic diagram of a voltage converter according to one aspect of the present invention
  • Fig. 8 shows a schematic diagram of an alternative embodiment of the voltage converter according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 shows a light assembly connected to a power supply by means of the voltage converter of Fig. 7.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a sectional perspective view of an inductive power coupling 10 comprising a first coupling member 12 which is connectable to a power supply 16 via a set of primary conductors 18, 20.
  • a second coupling member 14 is couplable to the first coupling member 12 for inductive power transfer.
  • Both the first and second coupling members 12, 14 include a set of conductive coils 24, and a permanent magnet 26.
  • the magnets 26 are for drawing the first and second coupling members 12, 14 together magnetically, i.e. for coupling the first and second coupling members 12, 14.
  • Both the first coupling member 12 and the second coupling member 14 include a sealing member 30 which envelopes each of the coupling members 12, 14 separately.
  • An automatic power switch 28 is connected to the primary conductors 18, 20 from the power supply 16 inside the first coupling member 12.
  • the power switch 28 is actuated when the second coupling member 14 is coupled to the first coupling member 12.
  • the power switch 28 is deactivated to remove power from the coils 24 of the first coupling member when the second coupling member is not coupled to the first coupling member.
  • Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 illustrate this arrangement. Activation of the switch 28 only when the first and second coupling members 12, 14 are coupled reduces the likelihood of shock and eliminates the electromagnetic field from the coil 24 in the first coupling member 12.
  • the sealing member 30 may also provide numerous protective capabilities including watertight properties, oil resistance and corrosion resistance. Thus, the inductive power coupling may be used in virtually any environment.
  • the sealing members 30 may be formed differently on the first and second coupling members 12, 14 to form complementary, mechanical coupling mechanisms 32, 34, in order to promote a desired mechanical coupling or physical arrangement of the first coupling member 12 with respect to the second coupling member 14.
  • the mechanical coupling mechanisms 32, 34 may be used to reduce the required strength of the magnets 26. As shown in Fig. 1, the co-acting mechanical coupling mechanisms 32, 34 are arranged to promote the alignment of the first coupling member 12 with the second coupling member 14. Other arrangements are possible depending on the application.
  • the first and second coupling members 12, 14 may each include a pot core 22 in the inductive coils 24.
  • the cores 22 may enhance the coupling effect between the coils 24, which may improve the efficiency of the inductive power transmission.
  • the first coupling member 12 and the second coupling member 14 may have a shield part (not shown) for shielding the electromagnetic filed as described below.
  • the first coupling member 12 may further include a line current measurement unit 50 in communication with the power switch 28, and a timing unit 52 in communication with the power switch 28, wherein when the automatic power switch 28 detects that the second coupling member 14 is coupled to the first coupling member 12, the line voltage applied to the coils 24 of the first coupling member 12 is stopped for a predetermined time interval, e.g. cooling time, if a line current exceeds a predetermined limit. The system then waits for the predetermined time interval and then applies the voltage again. If the predetermined current level is exceeded again, current/voltage application is stopped again, and so on. The current level is exceeded in two conditions:
  • the load in the secondary side may be quite low, e.g. 0.001 Watts, which would make only a small current rise in the first coupling member 12. Even at that reduced power/current level, the full voltage should be available in the second coupling member 14 for that small load.
  • this secondary protection system is based on current level in the primary coil 24 to protect the system from over-current conditions and also helps the automatic power switch 28, e.g. Hall-effect sensor, in sensing the coupling situation between the first and second coupling members 12, 14.
  • This arrangement provides for the possibility that the automatic power switch 28 may be fooled, such as by a stray external magnetic field, into sensing that the second coupling member 14 is coupled to the first coupling member 12.
  • the line voltage is applied again at the end of a predetermined waiting period. This provides for the possibility that the second coupling member may be coupled to the first coupling member in the waiting period. Line voltage may be applied again, subject to the previously described predetermined limit on the line current and the predetermined time limit.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates the magnetic field 42 around the automatic power switch 28 when the second coupling member 14 is not close enough to activate the power switch 28.
  • the power switch 28 may be a Hall effect sensor which is sensitive to magnetic fields 42.
  • the first and second coupling members 12, 14 each include a permanent magnet 26, a magnetic field 42 exists around both the first coupling member 12 and the second coupling member 14 at all times. However, when the two coupling members 12, 14 are brought into proximity, illustrated in Fig. 3, the magnetic fields 42 are altered in a manner which is detectable by the power switch 28.
  • the power switch 28 disconnects the power through the primary conductors 18, 20 and thereby eliminates the potential emanation of any kind of
  • the change in the magnetic field 42 with respect to the power switch 28 causes the power switch 28 to permit the flow of electric power through the primary conductors 18, 20 and the coil 24 of the first coupling member 12.
  • the flow of power through the coil 24 of the first coupling member 12 results in the inductive transfer of power into the coil 24 of the second coupling member 14.
  • Figures 4 A and 4B illustrate an embodiment of the invention wherein a first signal shaping circuit 60 is incorporated into the first coupling member 12 for converting the nominal electric power F nom in conductors 18, 20 into a higher frequency AC signal F i g h for more efficient transfer to a second signal shaping circuit 62 which is incorporated into the second coupling member 14.
  • the nominal power F nom in the conductors 18, 20 may be 230V 50 Hz alternating current (AC).
  • the higher frequency power F n i g h in the coils 24 of the first coupling member 12 may be 100 kHz.
  • the higher frequency signal is capable of more efficient inductive power transfer to the second signal shaping circuit 62 than the nominal power F nom .
  • the higher frequency power F n i g h is converted to a lower frequency level, e.g. F nom for transmission through conductors 44,46.
  • Fig. 4B illustrates an example embodiment for the signal shaping circuits 60, 62.
  • Power 64 from conductors 18, 20, e.g. 50 Hz AC is received at a rectifier 66 where it becomes 50 Hz rectified AC power 68.
  • the rectified power 68 is processed through a filter 70 and a chopper 72 to transform the power into a higher frequency, e.g. 100 kHz AC power 74 for inductive transmission.
  • the higher frequency power 74 is inductively received and processed through a rectifier 76 into DC power 78.
  • the DC power 78 is processed through an inverter 80, and the resulting noisy AC signal 82 is processed through a filter 84 to provide clean AC power 86, e.g. 50 Hz AC.
  • the signal shapers 60, 62 may be composed of two sealed boxes contained within the first and second coupling members 12 and 14, as illustrated in Fig. 4A.
  • the first coupling member 12 includes a first signal shaping circuit 60 which converts the nominal 230V 50Hz AC from the main power lines 18, 20 into a higher frequency AC signal to inductively transfer more power in a confined space.
  • the first signal shaper circuit 60 receives data from first power switch 28, e.g. Hall-effect sensor, and gets line current measurements from the primary coil 24.
  • the second coupling member 14 includes a second signal shaping circuit 62 which may convert the higher frequency AC signal to standard 230V 50Hz power, or whatever power is required. Except for the first and second coupling members 12, 14, the remaining components may be standard 230V, or other specification, cables and connectors.
  • the load e.g. powered device, is connected to the second coupling member 14 via a standard female plug, e.g. 230V, and the first coupling member 12 may receive its power via a standard male plug, e.g. 230V.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates an embodiment of the invention where a second automatic power switch 36 which is located along the primary conductors 18, 20 near the power source 16 is in communication with the first automatic power switch 28, which is in the first coupling member 12.
  • the automatic switch 28 communicates this condition to the second power switch 36.
  • the second power switch 36 opens the circuit in the primary conductors 18, 20 and prevents any power from flowing through the primary conductors 18, 20.
  • the second power switch 36 may be in communication with the first power switch 28 via a number of paths, e.g. a dedicated low voltage power line run along with the primary conductors 18, 20, one of the primary conductors 18, 20, or a separate wire, e.g. a ground wire or low-voltage wire 38 may be used for this communication.
  • the second power switch 36 may be arranged to disable each of the primary conductors 18, 20 or may simply disable the hot conductor 20 without affecting the neutral conductor 18.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates the arrangement of an electromagnetic field shield 40 around the coil 24 and optional core 22 without a power switch 28.
  • the electromagnetic field shield 40 may be an iron housing around the coil 24 and optional core 22 which directs the magnetic field 42 associated with the first and second coupling members 12, 14 immediately around the coupling members 12, 14. This arrangement reduces the undesired effects of a stray magnetic field in the proximity of sensitive electronics.
  • the electromagnetic shield 40 is not only provided for shielding electromagnetic the field but it is also provided for directing the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 26 so that it does not saturate the core 22.
  • the core 22 saturates due to the permanent magnet flux and becomes ineffective.
  • the topology shown in figure 6, allows to separate most of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 26 from the fluctuating electromagnetic flux.
  • Fig. 7 illustrates a voltage converter generally denoted by 100.
  • the voltage converter 100 is formed of a primary side circuitry 102 and a secondary side circuitry 104 which are connected to each other by an inductive transformer unit 106.
  • the primary side circuitry 102 comprises a rectifier unit 108 connected to a chopper 110, which is connected to the inductive transformer unit 106.
  • a power supply unit 112 provides an input voltage VI 0 to an input 114 of the rectifier 108.
  • the rectifier 108 rectifies the voltage VI 0 to a unipolar voltage VI 2.
  • the chopper 110 is directly connected to the rectifier 108.
  • the unipolar voltage V12 is provided from the rectifier 108 to the chopper 110.
  • the unipolar voltage V12 provided by the rectifier 108 is not rectified to a DC voltage, e.g. by a capacitor or by a filter.
  • the unipolar voltage V12 is directly chopped by the chopper 110 at a high frequency in a kHz range.
  • the chopper 110 provides a chopped unipolar voltage V14 to the inductive transformer unit 106.
  • a chopper frequency of the chopper 110 is preferably in a kHz range, e.g.
  • the input voltage VI 0 may be an AC voltage of different frequencies or may be a DC voltage. Since the chopper 110 chops the unipolar voltage V12 to the chopped unipolar voltage V14, which is provided to the inductive transformer unit 106 and
  • any voltage can be transformed from the primary side circuitry 102 to the secondary side circuitry 104.
  • an AC voltage having a changing polarity will be rectified to a unipolar voltage VI 2 and a DC voltage as input voltage VI 0 will remain a DC voltage and can also be chopped by the chopper 110 and transformed by the inductive transformer unit 106.
  • the voltage converter 100 is compatible to DC, AC and varying frequency systems.
  • the chopper 110 is in this
  • embodiment is preferably formed by a full bridge chopper.
  • the inductive transformer unit 106 comprises a primary inductive element 116 formed of a primary winding and a secondary inductive element 118 formed of a secondary winding.
  • the primary inductive element 116 is inductively coupled to the secondary inductive element 118 and forms a transformer.
  • the winding ratio of the primary winding and the secondary winding determines a ratio of the input voltage to the output voltage of the voltage converter 100 may be variable or adjustable to set the output voltage (V20) to different values.
  • the voltage converter 100 can form a step-up or step-down converter.
  • a resonant capacitor 117 is connected to the primary inductive element 116 and /or a resonant capacitor 119 is connected to the secondary inductive element 118.
  • the resonant capacitor 117 is provided to avoid DC current in the primary and/or secondary inductive element 118.
  • the unipolar chopped voltage V14 is transformed to an AC chopped voltage by means of the inductive transformer unit 106 due to the nature of the inductive transformer unit 106.
  • the chopped AC voltage VI 6 has a changing polarity and has the same chopper frequency as the chopped unipolar voltage VI 4.
  • the chopped AC voltage VI 6 is provided to the secondary side circuitry 104.
  • the secondary side circuitry 104 comprises a rectifier unit 120 for receiving the chopped AC voltage VI 6 and for rectifying the chopped AC voltage VI 6 to a unipolar voltage VI 8.
  • the unipolar voltage VI 8 has the same waveform as the unipolar voltage V12 provided by the rectifier 108. If the unipolar voltage V12 is a pulsating unipolar voltage having e.g. a sectionally sinusoidal shape, the unipolar voltage VI 8 will have the same waveform. If the rectified unipolar voltage V12 is a constant direct voltage, the unipolar voltage VI 8 will have the same shape.
  • the difference of voltage V12 and voltage VI 8 is the value due to the ratio of the winding of the inductive transformer unit 106.
  • the chopped AC voltage V16 is filtered by a lowpass filter to form the unipolar voltage VI 8.
  • the unipolar voltage VI 8 is inverted by an inverter 122 to an AC voltage V20.
  • the AC voltage V20 is the output voltage V20 of the secondary side circuitry 104 and also the output voltage of the voltage converter 100.
  • the inverter 122 actively switches the unipolar voltage VI 8 to the AC output voltage V20 having a changing polarity to reconstruct the waveform of the input voltage V10.
  • the inverter 122 is preferably formed of an H-bridge 122 having a minimum detection or a zero crossing detection.
  • the H-bridge 122 detects the minimum point of the unipolar voltage VI 8 and switches actively to provide a changing polarity of the output voltage V20 and to reconstruct the waveform of the input voltage.
  • the waveform of the output voltage V20 is identical with the waveform of the input voltage V10.
  • the inverter 122 gets a real-time signal information from the primary side circuitry 102 and triggers the polarity change of the inverter 122 accordingly. If no communication between the primary side circuitry 102 and the secondary side circuitry 104 is available, the inverter 122 or the H-bridge 122 detects the minimum point and triggers the polarity change at that moment. If the frequency of the input voltage V10 is known, the inverter 122 can use this information to increase the accuracy of the switching. Hence, the waveform of the input voltage V10 can be reconstructed.
  • Fig. 8 shows an alternative embodiment of the voltage converter 100 of Fig. 7. Identical elements are denoted by identical reference signs, wherein here only the differences are described in detail.
  • the chopper 110 is directly connected to the power supply unit 112 and receives the input voltage V10.
  • the chopper 110 chops the AC input voltage V10 having a changing polarity to a chopped AC voltage V14 having a changing polarity.
  • the envelope of the chopped AC voltage V14 is identical with the wave form of the input voltage V10.
  • the transformer unit 106 optionally including one or two of the resonant capacitors 117, 119, transforms the chopped AC voltage V14 to the chopped AC voltage V16, which is provided to the secondary side circuitry 104.
  • the chopper 110 in this embodiment is preferably formed by a full-bridge chopper 110.
  • Fig. 9 shows the voltage converter 100 connected to a power grid 124 to power a light assembly 126.
  • the voltage converter 100 is identical with the voltage converter 100 shown in Fig. 7 or 8.
  • the primary side 102 is connected via input lines 128, 130 to a plug 132.
  • the plug 132 is connected to the power grid 124 such as a public power grid providing a mains voltage 134.
  • the mains voltage 134 is a 50 Hz AC voltage of 230 Volt provided to the primary side circuitry 102.
  • the output voltage V20 of the secondary side circuitry 104 is an AC voltage of the same frequency and the same value of 230 Volt.
  • the secondary side circuitry 104 is connected to the light assembly 126 via two output lines 136, 138.
  • the value of the output voltage V20 is dependent on the winding ratio of the inductive transformer elements 116, 118. Hence, any voltage value can be provided as an output voltage V20 to power the light assembly 126.
  • the inductive power coupler of Figs. 1-3 can be used for the voltage converter 100 to connect the primary side circuitry 102 and the secondary side circuitry 104. In that case, the inductive power coupling forms the inductive transformer unit 106.
  • the voltage converter can be utilized in power transmission grids as step-down or step-up transformer.
  • the voltage converter provides a small and light system due to the chopper frequency transformed by the inductive transformer unit 106. Hence, the system saves raw materials, e.g. copper or steel.
  • the voltage converter 100 can be used for DC grid line or AC grid line having higher or lower frequencies than 50/60 Hz, since the voltage converter is compatible to AC and DC voltage.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Ac-Ac Conversion (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention a trait à un convertisseur de tension (100) permettant de convertir une tension d'entrée (V10) en une tension de sortie (V20), lequel convertisseur de tension comprend un ensemble de circuits d'entrée (102) destiné à recevoir la tension d'entrée (V10) provenant d'un bloc d'alimentation (112), lequel ensemble de circuits d'entrée inclut un moyen de découpage (110) permettant de découper une tension (V12) dérivée de la tension d'entrée (V10) à une fréquence de découpage en une tension découpée (V14), une unité de transformateur inductif (106) permettant de transformer la tension découpée (V14) en une tension alternative découpée (V16), et un ensemble de circuits de sortie (104) permettant de convertir la tension alternative découpée (V16) de l'unité de transformateur inductif (106) en tension de sortie (V20) dotée d'une fréquence inférieure à la fréquence de découpage.
PCT/IB2012/054021 2011-08-12 2012-08-07 Convertisseur de tension universel et couplage de puissance inductive Ceased WO2013024401A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

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EP12778789.3A EP2742574B1 (fr) 2011-08-12 2012-08-07 Convertisseur de tension universel et couplage de puissance inductive
US14/236,466 US10361752B2 (en) 2011-08-12 2012-08-07 Universal voltage converter and inductive power coupling
CN201280039397.4A CN103718416A (zh) 2011-08-12 2012-08-07 通用电压转换器和感应式电力耦合

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US201161522719P 2011-08-12 2011-08-12
US61/522,719 2011-08-12
US201161540713P 2011-09-29 2011-09-29
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EP2742574A2 (fr) 2014-06-18
EP2742574B1 (fr) 2018-12-19
US20140306546A1 (en) 2014-10-16
CN103718416A (zh) 2014-04-09
US10361752B2 (en) 2019-07-23
WO2013024401A3 (fr) 2013-10-24

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