WO2013044827A1 - Procédé de test pour déterminer le chemin suivi par un paquet (traceroute) et système, appareil et dispositif correspondants - Google Patents

Procédé de test pour déterminer le chemin suivi par un paquet (traceroute) et système, appareil et dispositif correspondants Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013044827A1
WO2013044827A1 PCT/CN2012/082187 CN2012082187W WO2013044827A1 WO 2013044827 A1 WO2013044827 A1 WO 2013044827A1 CN 2012082187 W CN2012082187 W CN 2012082187W WO 2013044827 A1 WO2013044827 A1 WO 2013044827A1
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Prior art keywords
packet
hop
trace
ttl
ttl value
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PCT/CN2012/082187
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李洪涛
吴坤峰
吴涛
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ZTE Corp
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ZTE Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/50—Testing arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/10—Active monitoring, e.g. heartbeat, ping or trace-route

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of data communication technologies, and in particular, to a trace routing (Trace) testing method, system, device and device. Background technique
  • the Trace method is an early topology discovery and diagnosis method in the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). It can be used to diagnose the router between the test point and the target host.
  • TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
  • the router always decrements the Time To Live (TTL) value of the packet before forwarding the packet.
  • TTL Time To Live
  • the router sends the TTL timeout Internet control protocol to the source address.
  • Control Message Protocol, ICMP Control Message Protocol
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the existing trace test.
  • the router R1 receives the packet, When the packet is detected and forwarded, the TTL value of the probe packet is decremented by 1 to 0.
  • the detection packet of 3 and 3 respectively, sending a TTL timeout message to the source PC according to the foregoing process.
  • the probe packet is a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) packet whose destination port number is unreachable.
  • the probe packet is unreachable because the port number is unreachable.
  • UDP packet the destination PC returns a port unreachable error message to the source PC.
  • the source PC determines that the trace probe has arrived at the destination PC based on the source IP address and type of the received error packet. The Trace test ends. .
  • Trace testing by this gradual increase in TTL, for each purpose of detection The host needs to send multiple packets with different TTL values in sequence.
  • the total number of packets required for detection is 2 *(n+l), therefore, a large number of packets sent during probing seriously waste bandwidth resources of the network device and converge slowly, resulting in low detection efficiency.
  • the Trace detection packet can be sent in the same manner as the Trace detection packet, the total number of Trace detection packets sent is unchanged, and the network device cannot be solved. The problem of wasted bandwidth resources. Summary of the invention
  • the embodiments of the present invention provide a method, a system, a device, and a device for tracking route detection, which are used to solve the problem that the detection packets sent by the prior art in the process of tracking and routing are excessive and occupy network bandwidth.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a tracking route testing method, and the method includes:
  • the trace packet is copied, and the TTL value in the hop-by-hop option in the original trace packet is forwarded by p1; the hop-by-hop option after adding 1 is determined. If the TTL value in the hop-by-hop option is not greater than the TTL value in the packet header of the trace packet, the TTL value in the hop-by-hop option is greater than the TTL value in the packet header. The TTL value of the header is changed to 1 and continues to be forwarded. The TTL value of the packet header is decremented by 1 in the packet forwarding process. For the trace packet of the copy, the TTL value is reduced to 1 and becomes 0. Sends a TTL timeout packet to the source host. If the TTL value in the hop-by-hop option is greater than the TTL value in the packet header, the packet is not forwarded.
  • the port is not sent to the source host. Up to the message.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a tracking route testing device, and the device includes:
  • the receiving judging module is configured to receive the sixth version of the Internet Protocol IPv6 trace routing trace message, and determine whether the destination address of the trace packet is a local address, where the packet header carries a lifetime TTL value of N, The TTL value of the hop-by-hop option is also included in the trace packet, where N is the number of devices separated between the source host and the destination host, and M is an integer not less than one;
  • the copy update module is configured to: when the destination address of the trace packet is not a local address, copy the trace packet, and add the TTL value in the hop-by-hop option in the original trace packet to 1 and forward the packet; Whether the TTL value in the hop-by-hop option is greater than the TTL value in the packet header of the trace packet;
  • the first sending module is configured to: when the TTL value of the hop-by-hop option is not greater than the TTL value of the trace packet, modify the TTL value in the copied trace packet to 1 and continue to forward the packet.
  • the TTL of the packet header is decremented by 1. If the TTL value of the copied trace packet is decreased by 1, it becomes 0, and the TTL timeout packet is sent to the source host according to the protocol; If the value of the packet with the value greater than the trace packet carries the TTL value, the packet is forwarded.
  • the second sending module is configured to send a port unreachable message to the source host when determining that the destination address of the trace 4 is a local address.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a network device, where the network device includes the foregoing device.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a tracking route test system, where the system includes: the foregoing network device, and a source host that communicates with the network device;
  • the source host is configured to send a sixth version of the Internet Protocol IPv6 trace routing trace message, where the TTL of the trace packet carries a lifetime TTL value of N, and the trace packet further carries a hop-by-hop option.
  • the TTL value is M, where N is the number of devices between the source host and the destination host.
  • the value of M is an integer that is not less than 1. It receives TTL timeout packets and port unreachable packets.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a tracking route test method, system, device, and device.
  • the test method includes: receiving a trace message carrying a TTL value of N in a packet header, where N is a distance between the source host and the destination host.
  • N is a distance between the source host and the destination host.
  • the number of the device, when the packet is not processed locally, the packet is copied, and the TTL value in the hop-by-hop option in the original trace packet is incremented by 1, and the TTL value in the hop-by-hop option is not greater than trace.
  • the TTL timeout packet is sent to the source host. Otherwise, the packet is not forwarded.
  • the port unreachable packet is sent to the source host because the port number cannot be found.
  • a trace test when a trace test is performed, only one trace packet is sent, and the trace test is modified according to the copy of the trace packet, thereby saving the number of sent packets and effectively reducing the bandwidth pressure.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the existing trace test
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a process of a trace test according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 3 is a format of a hop-by-hop option header according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is the format of the option in the hop-by-hop option in Figure 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a principle of a trace test according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a tracking route test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a traceroute test system according to an embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a process of a trace test according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, the process includes the following steps:
  • S201 Receive a sixth version of the Internet Protocol (IPv6) trace route (trace) packet, where the TTL of the trace packet carries a TTL value of N, and the trace packet further carries a hop-by-hop option.
  • the TTL value is M, where N is the number of devices separated between the source host and the destination host, and M is an integer not less than one.
  • step S202 Determine whether the destination address of the trace packet is a local address. If it is determined that the destination address of the trace packet is not a local address, go to step S203. Otherwise, go to step S207.
  • the TTL value in the hop-by-hop option carried in the packet is set to 1.
  • the initial value of the TTL in the hop-by-hop option is set to other integer values, as long as the subsequent intermediate router and the destination host know how to continue to send the trace message according to the TTL value in the hop-by-hop option.
  • S203 The trace packet is copied, and the TTL value in the hop-by-hop option in the original trace packet is incremented by one and then forwarded.
  • each device on the hop link is subjected to a trace test.
  • the trace packet is copied.
  • the trace packet of the copy is used to determine whether to return a TTL timeout packet to the source host.
  • the original trace packet is forwarded.
  • step S204 Determine whether the TTL value in the hop-by-hop option is greater than the TTL value carried in the packet header of the trace packet. If the determination result is yes, proceed to step S205; otherwise, proceed to step S206.
  • the TTL value of the hop-by-hop option is updated, and the TTL timeout message is sent to the source host according to the TTL value in the hop-by-hop option carried in the updated trace packet. .
  • S205 Stop forwarding the message.
  • S206 The TTL value in the traced packet is changed to 1 and the TTL value in the copied trace packet is decremented by 1 when the TTL value is decreased by 1 and then becomes 0. Sends a TTL timeout packet to the source host.
  • S207 Send a port unreachable packet to the source host.
  • the source host in order to test the intermediate router and the destination host, the source host records the time point of sending the trace message after sending the trace message, according to the sending time and the time of receiving each error message. , to determine whether the device between the source host and the destination host is faulty.
  • the error packet includes a TTL timeout packet and a port unreachable packet.
  • the average time t of sending a TTL timeout message according to the sending time and each hop between the source host and the destination host is determined. Time when the TTL timeout packet is received for each hop;
  • the trace message sent by the source host is a hop-by-hop option packet header that utilizes the sixth version of the Internet Protocol (IPv6), and each packet in the process of transmission is in the process of transmission.
  • IPv6 Internet Protocol
  • the packet is detected.
  • IPv6 basic protocol stack the format of the hop-by-hop option header is as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the first 8 bits of the packet-by-option header are the information of the next packet header, and the hop-by-hop option is identified.
  • the type of the next packet header following the header is in units of 8 octets, excluding the length of the hop-by-hop option packet headers including the first 8 octets, followed by the option.
  • a hop-by-hop option header is also selected as a TTL option, which is used to indicate that a TTL timeout error message is returned in the next next hop, and the length of the option type is defined as 1 word.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a trace test according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the source host When a source host sends a trace packet, the source host carries a TTL value of N (for example, 4) in the header of the IPv6 trace packet to identify that it can The maximum hop count of the test, that is, the test that supports the maximum N hop.
  • the hop-by-hop option in the trace packet carries the TTL option data.
  • the TTL in the hop-by-hop option is set to 1, indicating that the first hop returns. TTL timeout packet.
  • the trace packet After the source host is configured to complete the trace packet, the trace packet is sent out and the time when the trace packet is sent is recorded.
  • the first hop router R1 parses the packet by using the IPv6 protocol, and determines that the packet needs to be forwarded according to the destination address of the trace packet, and is carried in the packet.
  • the hop-by-hop option is used to determine that the packet is a trace packet and needs to be trace processed.
  • the first hop router R1 copies the trace packet and adds 1 to the value of the TTL in the hop-by-hop option in the original trace packet.
  • the TTL value in the hop-by-hop option becomes 2. If the judgment 2 is not greater than 4, the TTL value in the header of the copied trace packet is changed to 1, and then the packet is forwarded. When forwarding, the TTL value in the header of the trace packet is decremented by 1. After 0, the first hop router R1 sends a TTL timeout packet.
  • the second hop router R2 parses the packet by using the IPv6 protocol, and determines that the packet needs to be forwarded, and the packet is determined by the hop-by-hop option. For trace packets, trace processing is required.
  • the second hop router R2 first copies the trace packet and adds 1 to the TTL value in the hop-by-hop option in the original trace packet.
  • the TTL value in the hop-by-hop option becomes 3. If the TTL value in the header of the copied packet is changed to 1, the process of forwarding the packet is forwarded. When forwarding, the TTL value in the header of the trace packet is decremented by 1. After 0, Then, the second hop router R2 sends a TTL timeout message.
  • the third hop router R3 it continues the same operation as the first hop router and the second hop router, and sends the trace packet to the destination host.
  • the destination host parses the packet and determines that the packet needs to be processed locally. The port number is not found and the port unreachable packet is sent to the source host.
  • Each hop router sends a TTL timeout packet to the source host. Therefore, each TTL timeout packet received by the source host includes a TTL value in its hop-by-hop option and contains the source IPv6 address. Therefore, the source host will The TTL value of the received TTL timeout packet, and the source IPv6 address and the receiving time of each TTL timeout packet are recorded.
  • the round-trip time to the first hop router is the time when the first hop router returns the TTL timeout packet and the time difference between the trace packets sent, and is recorded as T1, and the round trip time of the corresponding second hop router is T2. It is equal to the time when the second hop router returns the TTL timeout message and the time difference between sending the trace message, and so on, to determine the round trip time of each hop.
  • the timeout period t of the trace packet is set in the source host. For the timeout t corresponding to the round trip time of the first hop router, the timeout corresponding to the second hop is 2t, and the timeout corresponding to the corresponding Nth hop is Nt.
  • the timeout corresponding to the corresponding hop is unreachable. If the source host receives the port unreachable packet from the destination host, the trace test process ends. If the source host has not received the port unreachable packet from the destination host of the destination address until the maximum timeout period (timeout period * maximum probe TTL value) is reached, it is determined that the device between the source host and the destination host is faulty.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a tracking route test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, where the apparatus includes:
  • the receiving judging module 61 is configured to receive the sixth version of the Internet Protocol IPv6 trace routing trace packet, and determine whether the destination address of the trace packet is a local address, where the packet header carries a lifetime TTL value of N. And the trace message also carries the hop-by-hop option.
  • the TTL value is M, where N is the number of devices separated between the source host and the destination host, and M is an integer not less than one;
  • the copy update module 62 is configured to: when the destination address of the trace packet is determined to be a non-local address, copy the trace packet, and forward the TTL value in the hop-by-hop option in the original trace packet by 1; Whether the TTL value in the hop-by-hop option is greater than the TTL value in the packet header of the trace packet;
  • the first sending module 63 is configured to: when the TTL value of the hop-by-hop option is not greater than the TTL value of the trace packet, the TTL value in the copied trace packet is changed to 1 and continues to be forwarded. During the forwarding process, the TTL of the packet header is decremented by 1. If the TTL value of the copied trace packet is decreased by 1, it becomes 0, and the TTL timeout packet is sent to the source host according to the protocol; If the TTL value is greater than the TTL value in the packet header of the trace packet, the packet is forwarded.
  • the second sending module 64 is configured to send a port unreachable message to the source host when determining that the destination address of the trace 4 is a local address.
  • the receiving judgment module 61 is configured to receive an initial value of 1 in the hop-by-hop option carried in the trace packet.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a network device, which comprises the device described in FIG. 6 above.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a tracking route test system according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the system includes: the foregoing network device 71, and a source host 72 that communicates with the network device;
  • the source host 72 is configured to send a sixth version of the Internet Protocol IPv6 trace routing trace message, where the packet header carries a TTL value of N, and the trace packet also carries a hop-by-hop option.
  • the TTL value is M, where N is the number of devices that are separated from the source host and the destination host. M is an integer that is not less than 1. It receives TTL timeout packets and port unreachable packets.
  • the source host 72 is further configured to record a sending time of sending the trace packet; The time of sending and the time when each error message is received is determined whether the device between the source host and the destination host is faulty, and the error message includes: a TTL timeout message and a port unreachable message.
  • the source host 72 is configured to determine, according to the sending time and the average time t of sending a TTL timeout packet for each hop between the source host and the destination host, the time for receiving the TTL timeout packet for each hop; Before the timeout of the TTL timeout packet, the TTL of the hop returned by the hop is received, and the hop is determined to be reachable.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a tracking route test method, system, device, and device.
  • the test method includes: receiving a trace message carrying a TTL value of N in a packet header, where N is a distance between the source host and the destination host.
  • N is a distance between the source host and the destination host.
  • the number of the device when the packet is not processed locally, the packet is copied, and the TTL value in the hop-by-hop option in the original trace packet is incremented by 1, and the TTL value in the hop-by-hop option is not greater than trace.
  • the TTL timeout packet is sent to the source host. Otherwise, the packet is not forwarded.
  • the port unreachable packet is sent to the source host because the port number cannot be found.
  • a trace test when a trace test is performed, only one trace packet is sent, and the trace test is modified according to the copy of the trace packet, thereby saving the number of sent packets and effectively reducing the bandwidth pressure.

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Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte à un procédé de test adapté pour déterminer le chemin suivi par un paquet (Traceroute). Le procédé selon l'invention consiste : à recevoir un message Traceroute dont l'en-tête contient une valeur TTL égale à N, N désignant le nombre de dispositifs qui sont présents entre l'hôte source et l'hôte de destination ; quand le message n'est pas traité localement, à copier le message, à transférer le message Traceroute d'origine après avoir ajouté 1 à la valeur TTL dans son option bond par bond et à transmettre un message d'expiration de TTL à l'hôte source si la valeur TTL dans l'option bond par bond n'est pas supérieure à celle contenue dans l'en-tête du message Traceroute ou, autrement, à cesser de transférer le message ; quand le message est traité localement, à transmettre à l'hôte source un message disant que « le port ne peut pas être atteint », si le numéro du port ne peut pas être trouvé. La présente invention se rapporte d'autre part à un système, à un appareil et à un dispositif adaptés pour déterminer le chemin suivi par un paquet (Traceroute). Dans la solution technique décrite dans la présente invention, comme un seul message Traceroute est transmis quand un test de détermination du chemin suivi par un paquet (Traceroute) est exécuté, et que le test de détermination du chemin suivi par un paquet (Traceroute) est exécuté à partir de la copie et de la modification du message Traceroute, le nombre de messages transmis est réduit, ce qui permet de soulager efficacement la pression exercée sur la bande passante.
PCT/CN2012/082187 2011-09-28 2012-09-27 Procédé de test pour déterminer le chemin suivi par un paquet (traceroute) et système, appareil et dispositif correspondants Ceased WO2013044827A1 (fr)

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CN106899597B (zh) * 2017-03-02 2020-02-11 新华三技术有限公司 一种跟踪路由处理方法和装置
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TWI561038B (fr) * 2014-09-15 2016-12-01 Chunghwa Telecom Co Ltd
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CN107872545B (zh) * 2017-09-26 2022-12-06 中兴通讯股份有限公司 一种报文传输方法及装置、计算机可读存储介质
CN115296985A (zh) * 2022-09-27 2022-11-04 广州医科大学附属第五医院(广州再生医学与健康广东省实验室附属医院) 断点的定位方法、装置及电子设备

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