WO2013049979A1 - 电动轮椅 - Google Patents

电动轮椅 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013049979A1
WO2013049979A1 PCT/CN2012/073568 CN2012073568W WO2013049979A1 WO 2013049979 A1 WO2013049979 A1 WO 2013049979A1 CN 2012073568 W CN2012073568 W CN 2012073568W WO 2013049979 A1 WO2013049979 A1 WO 2013049979A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
seat
crawler
electric wheelchair
crawler belt
adjustment mechanism
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2012/073568
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李少麟
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US13/583,782 priority Critical patent/US9278036B2/en
Priority to AU2012216629A priority patent/AU2012216629B2/en
Priority to GB1215795.4A priority patent/GB2500950B/en
Priority to EP12838362.7A priority patent/EP2764855B1/en
Publication of WO2013049979A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013049979A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G5/00—Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs
    • A61G5/06—Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs with obstacle mounting facilities, e.g. for climbing stairs, kerbs or steps
    • A61G5/061—Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs with obstacle mounting facilities, e.g. for climbing stairs, kerbs or steps for climbing stairs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G5/00—Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs
    • A61G5/04—Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs motor-driven
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G5/00—Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs
    • A61G5/04—Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs motor-driven
    • A61G5/041—Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs motor-driven having a specific drive-type
    • A61G5/046—Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs motor-driven having a specific drive-type at least three driven wheels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G5/00—Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs
    • A61G5/06—Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs with obstacle mounting facilities, e.g. for climbing stairs, kerbs or steps
    • A61G5/066—Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs with obstacle mounting facilities, e.g. for climbing stairs, kerbs or steps with endless belts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G5/00—Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs
    • A61G5/10—Parts, details or accessories
    • A61G5/1056—Arrangements for adjusting the seat
    • A61G5/1075—Arrangements for adjusting the seat tilting the whole seat backwards
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G5/00—Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs
    • A61G5/10—Parts, details or accessories
    • A61G5/14—Standing-up or sitting-down aids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G2203/00—General characteristics of devices
    • A61G2203/10—General characteristics of devices characterised by specific control means, e.g. for adjustment or steering
    • A61G2203/14—Joysticks
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G2203/00—General characteristics of devices
    • A61G2203/30—General characteristics of devices characterised by sensor means
    • A61G2203/42—General characteristics of devices characterised by sensor means for inclination
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G2203/00—General characteristics of devices
    • A61G2203/70—General characteristics of devices with special adaptations, e.g. for safety or comfort
    • A61G2203/72—General characteristics of devices with special adaptations, e.g. for safety or comfort for collision prevention
    • A61G2203/726—General characteristics of devices with special adaptations, e.g. for safety or comfort for collision prevention for automatic deactivation, e.g. deactivation of actuators or motors

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an electric wheelchair, and more particularly to an electric wheelchair having the function of climbing stairs and capable of safely and smoothly lifting up and down a plurality of stairs, up and down slopes, or climbing obstacles. Background technique
  • Wheelchairs for people with reduced mobility are designed in a variety of ways, some of which are designed to climb steps.
  • most of the complex wheels, mobile track and wheel combinations, or other devices are used.
  • Electronic induction, hydraulic booms, etc. result in high cost, and some of the designs have serious safety problems, or they are bulky, very inconvenient to use, and some require assistance from others when going up and down the stairs.
  • Chinese Utility Model Patent No. 201079509Y discloses a crawler climbing chair, which comprises a seat, a seat bracket, a wheel and a crawler running mechanism disposed under the seat bracket, and an automatic balancing mechanism disposed under the seat, wherein the crawler belt
  • the traveling mechanism is driven by an electric drive device, and the crawler portion includes an upper track and a lower track, and the rear side of the lower track is at an angle to the ground.
  • the crawler chair uses an automatic balancing mechanism to keep the seat balanced, it is designed to ignore the fulcrum and force point lever problems and the seat is not equipped with an automatic locking mechanism, so that when going up or down the stairs, Since the center of gravity line is too close to the fulcrum, if the passenger leans forward slightly, the climbing chair tends to lean forward and may cause a risk of rollover. In addition, since the crawler position cannot be adjusted, the climbing chair may be tripped when it encounters an obstacle on the ground.
  • China Utility Model No. 201316363Y discloses a wing-shaped ladder truck using a wheel and a crawler traveling mechanism, which adopts a combination of a reducer and a DC motor to realize continuous ascending ascending, and the crawler portion includes a running crawler, a climbing crawler and an auxiliary crawler, wherein
  • the climbing track is arranged on both sides of the front end of the frame of the ladder truck, and can be controlled to rotate and retract within a certain angle range;
  • the auxiliary track is arranged on both sides of the rear end of the frame, and can also be controlled to rotate and retract within a certain angle range.
  • the ladder car of this design can run smoothly when going up or down the stairs, but because the bottom design is flat, when driving to the level of the ground, especially the top of the step, the body will suddenly fall rapidly, which may impact passengers. Constitute danger. Even if there are front and rear auxiliary tracks, it is difficult for passengers to take care of both the front and rear tracks and the direction of front and rear walking. Moreover, the ladder car of this design has a large shape and is extremely inconvenient in operation and operation.
  • the above or some other electric wheelchair products use the mobile seat to solve the problem of the seat tilt because the body will be tilted greatly, but most of them ignore the lever problem of the fulcrum and the force point, thinking that as long as The seat movement can solve the problem, and even did not think about locking the seat, there is a certain safety in terms of safety.
  • the present invention provides an electric wheelchair that has the following advantages:
  • the electric wheelchair of the invention has a roller wheel on both sides of the bottom of the mobile seat, which supports the average weight of the passenger on the vehicle body, so that the seat moves more smoothly and safely;
  • the seat can be more flexible and practical, and it is convenient for passengers to get on and off the wheelchair and other daily life;
  • the extended stretcher can rotate 360 degrees and can be stored on both sides of the body, reducing the size of the wheelchair and allowing safe passage when encountering obstacles;
  • the two-stage underbody design allows the wheelchair to operate smoothly and smoothly, regardless of the landing step;
  • the active extension track is equipped with anti-reverse gears and safety locks to ensure that the track is locked in the desired position for greater safety;
  • the electric wheelchair of the present invention includes a movable seat portion serving as a body portion of the seat frame, a seat adjustment mechanism disposed under the seat for maintaining the balance of the seat portion, and a vehicle located below the body portion a bottom portion, and a crawler running mechanism, the crawler running mechanism comprising two sets of crawlers respectively disposed below the two sides of the underbody portion, each set of the crawler includes a front crawler and a rear crawler.
  • the bottom portion of the vehicle is composed of two front and rear portions, and the front and rear portions are live by a connecting device
  • the movable connection can be deflected relative to each other over a range of angles.
  • the crawler running mechanism further includes a movable extending crawler belt respectively disposed outside each of the front crawler belts, and a pulley at one end of the movable extending crawler belt is fixedly connected with a pulley of a front end of the front crawler belt, and the free end of the movable extending crawling belt passes
  • the control lever is rotatable in a forward or reverse direction with respect to its fixed end within a range of 360 degrees, and a fixed upper ladder track respectively disposed outside each of the rear crawlers, the pulley at one end of the fixed upper crawler track and the rear end of the rear crawler belt
  • the pulley is fixedly coupled and the free end of the fixed upper track is offset from the rear track by a certain angle.
  • the seat adjustment mechanism and the active extension track are each driven by a separate geared motor, each set of tracks of the track travel mechanism being driven by a separate electric motor.
  • a bottom of each of the two sides of the movable seat portion is provided with a set of roller wheels, the seat portion is supported on the body portion by the roller wheel, and each group of the roller wheels is controlled by The device is controlled to move along a sliding path formed on the body portion.
  • a control device for controlling the roller wheel includes a control lever electrically connected to a reduction motor of the seat adjustment mechanism and a safety lock device disposed on the body portion.
  • the safety lock device is a two-wing safety lock device comprising a housing, a pair of spring-loaded locking members fixed to the wall of the housing, two pinion gears, one of which is configured to be small a motor, each of the locking members has a small toothed edge and a large toothed edge, the two pinion gears respectively meshing with the small toothed edges of one of the locking members, and the large toothed edges of the two locking members Engaging the teeth of the arc-shaped bottom edge of the longitudinal plate of the seat portion when the safety lock device is in the locked state, and when the unlocking state is in the unlocked state, the large tooth edge of the locking member is at the pinion gear
  • the teeth that move away from the arc-shaped bottom edge of the longitudinal plate are driven and locked in their initial positions by respective springs.
  • the reduction motor for driving the seat adjustment mechanism includes an anti-reverse helical gear.
  • the seat adjustment mechanism includes a balance sensing device including a weight serving as a pendulum and a bracket portion for supporting and allowing the weight to swing, the bracket portion being configured with an electrical circuit, The electrical circuit is electrically coupled to the geared motor for the seat adjustment mechanism and to the storage battery.
  • the reduction motor for driving the active extension crawler includes an anti-backup helical gear and a double-wing safety lock device.
  • the seat portion is coupled to a large gear in the reduction motor for driving the seat adjustment mechanism through a connecting member.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of an electric wheelchair in accordance with the present invention, showing only a portion of the components, wherein the active extension track is in a stowed position alongside the front track.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of the electric wheelchair shown in Fig. 1, in which the movable extending crawler is turned forward to a position at an angle.
  • Figure 3a is a top plan view of a portion of the body portion and the underbody portion of the vehicle body portion of the electric wheelchair of Figure 1 with the electric motor disposed in the rear portion of the underbody portion.
  • Figure 3b is a top plan view of a portion of the body portion and the underbody portion of the vehicle body portion of the electric wheelchair of Figure 1 with the electric motor disposed in the front portion of the underbody portion.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic illustration of an anti-reverse gear combination.
  • Fig. 5a is a schematic view showing the operation of the seat adjusting mechanism of the electric wheelchair according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 5b is a view showing the balance sensing device of the seat adjusting mechanism according to the present invention in an initial position, showing only the structure of the longitudinal side plate on the right side of the wheelchair and the longitudinal plate of the seat support shown in Fig. 2.
  • Figure 5c is a schematic view of the operation of the balance sensing device shown in Figure 5b when it reaches the end position of one end.
  • Figure 5d is the sensing button of the insulating plate of the balance sensing device of Figure 5b and the rod of the blocking device at the end position of the end. Schematic diagram of contact.
  • Figures 6a and 6b are schematic illustrations of two adjustment modes of the seat portion.
  • Figure 7a shows the structure of the two-wing safety lock in the locked state.
  • Figure 7b shows the structure of the two-wing safety lock in the unlocked state.
  • Figure 8 is a view showing the position of the movable crawler in the process of the electric wheelchair in the upper or lower stairs of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic view showing the seat of the electric wheelchair according to the present invention in an elevated state.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view showing the electric wheelchair of the present invention as it climbs to the top of the step, and the front and rear portions of the underbody portion are relatively deflected at an angle to cause the rear portion to land first.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of an electric wheelchair of the present invention, for the sake of clarity, only a portion of the components are shown schematically.
  • the electric wheelchair of the present invention includes a seat portion 1, a body portion 2 serving as a seat bracket, a seat adjusting mechanism 3, a vehicle bottom portion 4, and a crawler running mechanism 5.
  • the seat portion 1 includes a seat and a support assembly 100 that is fixedly disposed on opposite sides of the seat bottom.
  • the two support assemblies are identical in construction, so only one of the support assemblies will be described herein.
  • Each support assembly 100 includes two longitudinal plates 101, 102 (or 108, 109) that are substantially perpendicular to the bottom of the seat, the top edges of which are fixed to the bottom of the seat at a distance from each other, externally longitudinally
  • the bottom edge of the plate 102 is formed as a concave concave toothed edge 105 (the bottom edge of the other outer longitudinal plate 109 is not shown), and a space 103 is defined between the two longitudinal plates 101, 102 for
  • a plurality of roller wheels 104 are accommodated and mounted, and two ends of the shaft of each roller wheel are respectively fixed to the two longitudinal plates.
  • the body portion 2 used as the seat frame 2 includes a bottom frame (or bottom plate) and two longitudinal side plates 201, 203 of the same configuration, and the upper portions of each of the longitudinal side plates 201, 203 are formed in a circular arc shape.
  • the arcuate top portion is partially clamped in the space 103 defined by the two longitudinal plates 101, 102; 108, 109 of the support of the seat, mounted in two longitudinal directions of each support member.
  • a series of roller wheels 104 between the plates 101, 102; 108, 109 are slidably supported on the arcuate top edges of the longitudinal side plates 201, 203, and the arcuate top edges serve as the roller wheels 104 Sliding path.
  • a safety lock device 1 1 On the outer side wall of each of the longitudinal side panels 201, 203 is provided a safety lock device 1 1 (only one is shown;), the safety lock device 11 and the outer longitudinal plate of the seat support have a toothed arc Working together, this will be described in detail below.
  • the bottom frame of the body part 2 is provided with a reduction motor 6 for controlling the active extension track 6 and a reduction motor 7 for operating the seat adjustment mechanism 3, see Fig. 2.
  • the gear set of the geared motor 7 of the seat adjustment mechanism 3 comprises a large gear 73 which is fixedly connected to the seat portion 1 on the one hand by a connecting member 107 (see Fig. 1) and through a central hole through the other side.
  • the rod member 14 is movably coupled to the two longitudinal side plates 201, 203 of the body portion 2, wherein the two ends of the rod member 14 are respectively fixed at the center positions of the arcuate portions of the longitudinal side plates 201, 203,
  • the bull gear 73 is rotatable about the rod 14.
  • the assembly for driving the crawler track is preferably disposed in the underbody portion 4 located below the body portion 2.
  • the crawler running mechanism 5 includes two sets of crawlers that are disposed below both sides of the underbody portion 4.
  • Each set of crawlers includes a front crawler belt 51, a rear crawler belt 52, a movable extension crawler belt 53 disposed outside the front crawler belt 51, and a fixed upper ladder crawler belt 54 disposed outside the rear crawler belt 52.
  • the front crawler belt 51 and the rear crawler belt 52 are coupled together by a connecting device 45 (for example, another crawler belt), and the pulley 506 for fixing the upper crawler belt 54-end is fixedly connected side by side with the driving pulley at the rear end of the rear crawler belt 52, and is fixedly connected to the ladder.
  • the other end of the crawler belt is offset from the rear crawler by a certain angle (see Fig. 2), and the pulley 503 of the movable extension crawler belt 53-end is fixedly connected side by side with the pulley at the front end of the front crawler belt 51, and the free end of the movable stretch crawler belt 53 can be wound around it.
  • Fixed The end pulley 503 is rotated 360 ° forward or backward.
  • the two pulleys 503 of the movable end extending the fixed end of the track are connected by a shaft 9, wherein the shaft 9 is free to pass through the center hole of the two pulleys at the front end of the front crawler belt, and the shaft 9 is at its intermediate position by a connecting rod 91
  • the large gear 64 in the gear set of the reduction motor 6 for manipulating the active extension track is eccentrically connected.
  • the bottom portion 4 is composed of two parts arranged side by side.
  • the 41, 42 is composed, and the front portion 41 and the rear portion 42 are coupled together by the connecting means 45 and are mutually deflectable relative to each other within a certain angular range.
  • the connecting device 45 is a crawler belt, wherein the crawler belt 45 connects the front and rear portions through the rear end pulley of the front crawler belt 51 and the front end pulley of the rear crawler belt 52.
  • the connecting means 45 is not limited to the above-described crawler belt, and other means well known in the art, such as a chain, etc., may be employed.
  • a storage battery 8 for supplying power to each driving device is disposed in the front portion 41, and two separate electric motors 421, 422 are disposed in the rear portion 42 and are used to respectively drive one of the tracks to cause the track group to Driving forward or backward, and making a 360° horizontal turn to the left or right, the two electric motors 421, 422 are controlled by a lever 170 provided on the armrest of the seat.
  • the electric motors 421, 422 directly drive the pulley 506 at the rear end of the rear crawler belt 52, and the front crawler belt 51 is driven by the connecting device 45, due to the pulley 503 at the end of the movable extension crawler belt 53 and the pulley at the front end of the front crawler belt 51.
  • the fixed connections together also transfer the power of the electric engine to the active extension track for operation.
  • a storage battery 8 for supplying power to each of the driving devices is disposed in the rear portion 42, and two separate electric motors 421, 422 are disposed in the front portion 41 for respective driving
  • One of the sets of tracks allows the track set to travel forward or backward and can make a 360° horizontal turn to the left or right.
  • the two electric motors 421, 422 are controlled by a lever 170 disposed on the armrest of the seat.
  • the electric motors 421, 422 directly drive the connecting device 45 and the pulley 504 at the rear end of the front crawler belt 51, and the rear crawler belt 52 is driven by the connecting device 45, and then the fixed ladder is driven by the pulley 506 at the rear end of the rear crawler belt 52.
  • Track 54 the electric motors 421, 422 directly drive the connecting device 45 and the pulley 504 at the rear end of the front crawler belt 51, and the rear crawler belt 52 is driven by the connecting device 45, and then the fixed ladder is driven by the pulley 506 at the rear end of the rear crawler belt 52. Track 54.
  • the geared motor 6 for controlling the active extension track drives the movable extension track 53 to rotate via the shaft 9, so that the free end of the movable extension track 53 can be rotated to any angle with respect to its fixed end and stopped, which is passed through the reduction motor 6
  • the anti-reverse helical gear 62 in the gear set is implemented. Referring to Fig. 4, the anti-reverse helical gear 62 is directly driven by a motor 60 of the reduction motor 6 through a shaft 61 and meshes with a gear 68 of the gear set of the reduction motor 6, and when the motor is energized, the anti-reverse helical gear 62 drives the gear.
  • the reduction motor 6 is controlled by a lever 160 provided on the armrest of the seat.
  • an anti-reverse helical gear 72 is included in the gear set of the reduction motor 7 for operating the seat adjustment mechanism 3, as shown in Fig. 2.
  • the helical gear 72 drives the gear set to rotate, wherein the large gear 73 fixedly coupled to the seat drives the seat portion 1 along the longitudinal side plates 201, 203 of the body portion 2 The sliding path moves forward or backward.
  • the gear set locks the seat in place because it cannot push the helical gear.
  • the seat adjustment mechanism 3 includes a balance sensing device 300 disposed at the bottom of the seat.
  • the balance sensing device 300 includes a weight 302 and a support member 304 for supporting the weight 302 and configured with a circuit system.
  • the balance sensing device 300 can be suspended from the bottom of the seat by conventional methods. Above, in one embodiment, it is secured between the two inner longitudinal plates 101, 108 at the bottom of the seat and abuts one of the inner longitudinal plates 101 or 108.
  • the weight 302 is movably coupled to the support member 304 via two connecting rods 306, 308 disposed on opposite sides thereof, and the connection point 310 of each of the connecting rods 306, 308 and the support member 304 serves as a fulcrum, so that the weight 302 acts as a pendulum
  • the fulcrum can be swung forward (in the direction indicated by the arrow A in the figure, gp, the direction in which the passenger faces) or swing backward.
  • the two connecting rods 306, 308 are substantially "T" shaped, wherein one of the connecting rods 306 is provided with two opposing positive contacts c and e on the free end, and the other connecting rod 308 is free.
  • the support member 304 is provided with the contacts a and g corresponding to the positive contacts c and e of the connecting rod 306 on the side of the same side of the connecting rod 306, and the support member 304 is provided on the side of the same side as the connecting rod 308.
  • the contacts g and h are in turn electrically connected via a cord I, J to a geared motor 7 for actuating the seat adjustment mechanism, and the two connecting rods 306, 308 are respectively connected via an electric wire M, N with an automatic/manual mode switch 155.
  • the automatic/manual mode changeover switch 155 can be disposed on the armrest of the seat or in other places convenient for the passenger to use, and is electrically connected to the storage battery 8 installed in the bottom portion of the vehicle on the one hand, and to the seat armrest on the other hand.
  • the control lever 150 of the reduction motor 7 for operating the seat adjustment mechanism is electrically connected.
  • the operation mode of the seat adjustment mechanism 3 is switched by this automatic/manual mode changeover switch 155.
  • the balance sensing device 300 at the bottom of the seat is powered on.
  • the passenger or the wheelchair needs to face away from the stairs, and in the case where the vehicle body is tilted while traveling (ie, the rear portion of the vehicle body is raised;), the weight 302 of the balance sensing device 300 swings forward, so that Even The positive contact e of the post 306 contacts the contact g of the bracket portion 304; meanwhile, the negative contact f of the connecting rod 308 contacts the contact h of the bracket portion 304, thereby turning on the power, and at this time, the current is started by g and h.
  • the gear motor 7 of the seat adjustment mechanism rotates the seat from the Y point toward the Z point to maintain balance with the ground.
  • the weight 302 will swing rearward, the positive contact c of the connecting rod 306 contacts the contact a of the bracket portion 304, and the contact h of the bracket portion 304 is connected by the electric wire L;
  • the negative contact d of the connecting rod 308 contacts the contact b of the bracket portion 304, and then connects the contact g of the bracket portion 304 through the electric wire K.
  • the current starts the geared motor through the contacts g and h interchanged by the positive and negative poles. 7 Reverse operation, so that the seat rotates from point Y to point X to maintain balance with the ground.
  • the passenger or the wheelchair may choose to face or face the slope according to the specific situation. If the situation of selecting the back slope is similar to the above, if the slope is selected, the situation is opposite to the above.
  • an insulating plate 3 11 may be disposed between the two connecting rods 306 and 308 located above the support member 304 (see Figure 5c). The two ends of the insulating plate may be respectively fixed on the two connecting rods 306 and 308. Further, two substantially "L"-shaped inductive blocking devices 3 12, 313 are disposed on the inner wall of one of the longitudinal side plates 201 of the body portion 2, and the two blocking devices are located on the action path of the balance sensing device 300. Used to limit the range of movement of the seat portion. Since the action path of the balance sensing device 300 is on an arc of a circle centered on the fixed end of the rod 14, in this embodiment, the forward or backward movement of the seat portion is limited to, for example, a range of 40 degrees. Inside.
  • the two blocking means 3 12, 313 are divided over the two terminals of the action path of the balancing sensing device 300 such that they each are at an angle of 40 degrees to the balance sensing device 300 in the radial direction. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, the angle can be set smaller or larger to accommodate steps of different tilt angles since most of the stairs have an angle of inclination of 20 to 35 degrees.
  • each of the blocking means is fixed to the inner wall of the longitudinal side panels 201, 203, the upper portion of which is spaced from the inner wall of the longitudinal side panels 201, 203 to allow the inner longitudinal panel 101 of the support assembly 100 of the seat portion 108 is free to pass between the blocking device and the inner wall of the longitudinal side plates 201, 203.
  • a rod member 314, 315 is also disposed on each of the two blocking means 312, 313 facing each other.
  • the rod extends substantially perpendicularly from the upper portion of the body of the blocking device, and at one end thereof remote from the body is provided an inductive button 316 for use as an alarm switch, the inductive button 316 being configured to be elastically contractible when compressed It enters the inside of the rod and is electrically connected to an alarm (not shown;) provided on the wheelchair.
  • the alarm can be placed at any suitable location on the wheelchair body.
  • Rod 3, 315 in its sensing button
  • the total axial length thereof is greater than the distance between the body of the rod and the balance sensing device 300 and the insulating plate 3 11 of the balance sensing device 300, so that the sensing button 316 and the insulating plate 31 can be 1 contact and can be pressed into the interior of the rod-shaped sensing member to turn on the alarm.
  • the balance sensing device 300 is a support member disposed on the right side of the seat portion (; BP, right hand side of the passenger; Between the inner longitudinal plate 108 of the 100 and the seat pan, see Figure 5b.
  • the weight 302 swings rearward due to gravity, causing the contacts a, b and c, d of the balance sensing device 300 to touch and start the geared motor 7 Reverse rotation, so that the seat moves from point Y to point X, see Figure 5a.
  • the balance sensing device 300 moves forward with the seat to contact with the blocking device 313, as shown in Figures 5c and 5d, at this time, the sensing button of the rod 315 of the balance sensing device 300
  • the 316 is compressed by the insulating plate 31 1 into the inside of the rod 315 to turn on and activate the alarm.
  • the alarm sounds an alarm to remind the passenger that the inclination of the wheelchair body has reached the limit and does not continue.
  • the weight connecting rods 306, 308 of the balance sensing device 300 are held in the initial position, gp, connecting rods 306, 308.
  • the contacts are unable to touch the corresponding contacts on the support member 304, thereby preventing the seat from sliding forward or backward.
  • the wheelchair is retracted to the ground, the seat is always balanced by the adjustment of the balance sensing device 300 until it is safely returned to the ground.
  • the manual mode is activated, the current of the balance sensing device 300 is cut off by the switch, and is controlled by the control lever 150 of the reduction motor 7. In this mode, the passenger can freely rotate the seat from point Y to point Z or from point Y to point X through the lever 150, thereby increasing flexibility and making it easier for passengers to get on and off the wheelchair.
  • the seat can be adjusted to the rear, and the passenger can easily wash the head or transfer from the rear to the seat or bed.
  • the passenger adjusts the seat to the front, the passenger can transfer to the car, the seat or the bed on his own, even without the help of others.
  • the seat adjustment mechanism 3 further includes a security that is disposed on the outer side wall of each of the longitudinal side panels 201, 203 of the body portion 2 and that is engageable with the teeth 105 of the arcuate bottom edge of the outer longitudinal plates 102, 109 of the seat portion.
  • Locking device 1 1.
  • the safety lock device can be a two-wing safety lock device 11, see Figs. 7a and 7b, which comprises a housing 1 10, a locking member acting on the housing wall by springs 115, 1 16 111, 1 12, two pinions 113, 114, one of which is configured as a small motor.
  • Each of the locking members has a small toothed edge and a large toothed edge, and the two pinion gears 113, 114 respectively engage with the small toothed edges of one of the locking members, and the large toothed edges of the two locking members are locked in the safety lock device Tight state and outside
  • the teeth 105 of the arcuate bottom edge of the longitudinal plates 102, 109 are engaged.
  • the large toothed edge of the locking member is moved by the pinion gear away from the arcuate bottom edge of the longitudinal plates 102, 109 and locked by the respective springs 1, 15, 116 at their initial position. position.
  • the power of the small motor 1 14 is directly connected to the motor of the reduction motor 7 of the seat adjustment mechanism 3, and when the wheelchair is smoothly traveling, the swing of the weight 302 of the balance sensing device 300 is insufficient to pick up.
  • the power supply of the balance sensing device, the motor of the reduction motor 7 and the small motor 114 of the safety lock are not energized, so that the left and right locking members of the safety lock lock the wheelchair due to the spring force.
  • the balance sensing device activates the motor of the reduction motor 7 and the small motor 114 of the safety lock simultaneously, and the small motor rotates clockwise to rotate the locking member engaged therewith in the counterclockwise direction and away from the longitudinal plate 102, The arc-shaped bottom edge of the teeth 105 of 109, at the same time, the small motor will drive the other pinion gear to rotate counterclockwise, so that the other latching member also leaves the arc-shaped bottom edge of the longitudinal plates 102, 109, thereby The sliding part of the mobile seat can slide smoothly.
  • the locking member can lock the wheelchair tightly, regardless of the tilting of the wheelchair to either side, such as the manual mode shown in Figures 6a and 6b.
  • the above-described two-wing safety lock device is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and other devices that can realize such a lock function can be employed by those skilled in the art.
  • the safety lock device 12 In controlling the active extension of the track, it is preferred to provide one of the above-described two-wing safety lock devices 12 in the gear set of the reduction motor 6 that controls the active extension track, as shown in FIG.
  • the safety lock device 12 when the motor of the reduction motor 6 is energized, the safety lock device 12 is automatically energized to unlock, allowing the gear set of the reduction motor 6 to drive the active extension track 53 to rotate to the desired position.
  • the safety lock locks the gear set so that the active extension track 53 cannot rotate and stays in the desired position.
  • the electric wheelchair of the present invention employs an anti-reverse helical gear and a double-wing safety lock device, the movable seat and the active extended crawler of the wheelchair can be kept stable under any circumstances, thereby achieving the purpose of passenger safety.
  • the electric wheelchair of the present invention adopts an active extending track that can be rotated by 360 degrees, the movable extending track can be rotated forward when necessary, until the front end of the extended track touches the ground, thereby supporting the wheelchair, and at the same time,
  • the seat adjustment mechanism of the present invention automatically adjusts the movable seat to be vertically balanced. This allows the passenger to have a view as a healthy person standing.
  • the activity can be extended backwards until the front end of the extended track touches the ground to raise the front end of the wheelchair body to cross the obstacle, thereby making the wheelchair smooth by.
  • the passenger When using the multi-level step on the electric wheelchair of the present invention, the passenger firstly turns the wheelchair back to the step, and controls the track travel control lever 170 with one hand, so that the wheelchair is slowly driven backward, when the fixed ladder hits the track. After reaching the step, use the rear crawler to climb the ladder and control the active extension track control lever with the other hand.
  • the control lever 160 can be used to extend the extended track backwards and lay flat on both sides of the vehicle body to reduce the length of the vehicle body.
  • the passenger When descending the multi-level step, the passenger carefully drives the wheelchair to the edge of the step, using the active extension track control lever 160 to control the extension track to flip forward from both sides until the front end touches the step, and then slowly drives the wheelchair forward, using the extended track
  • the body can be controlled to remain stable.
  • the seat adjustment mechanism allows the passenger to maintain a vertical balance as the body leans down the stairs.
  • the front end of the extended track will land first, and the passenger can now control the extension of the track and slowly retract it to allow the wheelchair to land smoothly.
  • the various levers and switchgear described above can be placed on one or both sides of the wheelchair armrest, or other location that is accessible to passengers.

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Abstract

一种电动轮椅，包括移动式座椅部分（1）、用作座椅支架的车身部分（2）、设置在座椅下面的座椅调节机构（3）、车底部分（4）、以及履带行走机构（5）。所述履带行走机构（5）包括分别设置在所述车底部分两侧下面的两组履带，每一组履带包括前履带和后履带。所述车底部分（4）由前后两个部分组成。该两个部分通过连接装置活动式连接并可相互相对偏转。所述履带行走机构（5）还包括分设在前履带外侧的活动延伸履带以及分设在后履带外侧的固定上梯履带，固定上梯履带的自由端相对后履带成一定角度。

Description

技术领域
本发明涉及一种电动轮椅， 具体地说， 涉及一种具有爬楼梯功能并能够 安全平稳地上落多层楼梯、上下斜坡、或攀越障碍物的电动轮椅。 背景技术
用于行动不便者的轮椅设计各式各样， 其中一些被设计成能够攀爬梯级, 在这类设计中， 大多采用结构复杂的车轮、移动式履带与车轮的组合、或其它 装置， 再配合电子感应、油压式臂杆等， 导致造价高昂， 且当中一些设计更存 在严重的安全性问题， 或者是体积庞大， 使用非常不方便， 还有一些在上下楼 梯时需要他人协助才能进行。
中国实用新型专利号 201079509Y 公开了一种履带爬楼椅， 其包括座椅, 座椅支架， 设置在座椅支架下面的车轮及履带行走机构以及设置在座椅 下面 的自动平衡机构， 其中， 履带行走机构通过电动驱动装置驱动， 履带部分包括 上楼履带和下楼履带， 下楼履带的后侧与地面成一定角度。 虽然这种履带爬 楼椅使用了自动平衡机构使座椅始终保持平衡， 但在设计上忽略了支点和力 点的杠杆问题以及座椅没有设置自动锁紧机构， 以致于在上或下楼梯时， 由于 其重心线与支点太接近， 如果乘客稍为倾身向前， 会使该爬楼椅倾向于前倾而 可能导致翻车的危险。 另外， 由于履带位置不能调节， 该爬楼椅在地面行驶遇 到障碍物时可能会有被绊倒的危险。
中国实用新型专利号 201316363Y 公开了一种采用车轮及履带行走机构 的翼形爬梯车， 采用减速机与直流电机组合实现连续登梯上行， 其履带部分包 括运行履带， 攀登履带和辅助履带， 其中， 攀登履带设置在爬梯车的车架前端 两侧， 可受控在一定角度范围内转动式收放； 辅助履带设置在车架后端两侧, 也可受控在一定角度范围内转动式收放。 虽然这种设计的爬梯车在上或下楼 梯时可以平稳运行， 但由于其底部设计平坦， 当行驶到即将到达平地， 特别是 梯级顶部时， 车身会突然急速下坠， 可能会对乘客造成冲击而构成危险。 即使 有前后辅助履带， 但乘客很难同时兼顾前后履带及前后行走方向。 而且， 这种 设计的爬梯车外形庞大， 运行和操作时都极为不便。 当轮椅攀上梯级之后， 由于车身会大幅倾斜,上述或其它一些电动轮椅产 品采用移动式座椅来解决此座椅倾斜的问题， 但大部份都忽略了支点和力点 的杠杆问题， 以为只要座椅移动即可解决问题， 甚至并没想过将座椅锁紧， 在 安全性方面存在一定的隠患。
当履带式轮椅攀登到梯级顶部时， 因为重心问题， 车身会突然下坠， 对乘 客可能造成冲击和危险。 因此， 某些产品采用一些复杂的机械装置来解决此问 题， 令成本大幅增加。
还有一些产品在设计上很复杂， 导致体积相对庞大， 无论是在地面行驶 或上下楼梯都很不方便。 发明内容
为了至少部分解决现有技术的电动轮椅存在的一些问题， 本发明提供一 种电动轮椅， 其具有以下的优点：
本发明电动轮椅的移动式座椅底部两侧设有滚轴轮， 将乘客的体重平均 承托于车身， 令座椅移动时更畅顺安全；
设有防逆转齿轮组合及安全锁装置， 除了对乘客有双重的安全保障外, 更可以令座椅更加灵活实用， 方便乘客上落轮椅等日常生活；
设有活动伸延履带， 可以加大轮椅的支点与重心线之间的距离， 从而在 上落梯级时增加安全性；
活动伸延履带能 360 度转动， 并能收藏于车身两侧， 减小了轮椅的体积, 并在遇到障碍物时能够安全通行；
两段式车身底部设计， 无论上落梯级， 轮椅都能够流畅和平稳地运作； 活动伸延履带配置有防逆转齿轮和安全锁装置， 确保该履带锁定在所需 位置， 令安全性大大提高；
设有紧凑型座椅平衡感应装置， 其结构简单且占用空间很少。
本发明的上述目的和优点通过以下特征可以达成。
本发明的电动轮椅包括可移动式座椅部分， 用作座椅支架的车身部分, 设置在座椅下面用于保持所述座椅部分平衡的座椅调节机构， 位于所述车身 部分下面的车底部分， 以及履带行走机构， 所述履带行走机构包括分别设置在 所述车底部分两侧下面的两组履带， 每一组所述履带包括前履带和后履带。
所述车底部分由前后两个部分组成， 所述前后两个部分通过连接装置活 动式连接并可在一定角度范围内相互相对偏转。
所述履带行走机构还包括分别设置在每个所述前履带外侧的活动伸延履 带， 所述活动伸延履带一端的滑轮与所述前履带前端的滑轮固定连接， 所述活 动伸延履带的自由端通过控制杆可在 360 度范围内相对其固定端正向或逆向 转动， 以及分别设置在每个所述后履带外侧的固定上梯履带， 所述固定上梯履 带一端的滑轮与所述后履带后端的滑轮固定连接， 且所述固定上梯履带的自 由端相对所述后履带偏移一定角度。
所述座椅调节机构和所述活动伸延履带分别由单独的减速电机驱动， 所 述履带行走机构的每组履带分别由一个单独的电动引擎驱动。
所述移动式座椅部分两侧的底部各设置一组滚轴轮， 所述座椅部分藉由 所述滚轴轮支承在所述车身部分上， 且每一组所述滚轴轮通过控制装置沿着 所述车身部分上形成的滑动路径受控移动。
用于控制所述滚轴轮的控制装置包括与所述座椅调节机构的减速电机电 连接的控制杆以及设置在所述车身部分上的安全锁装置。
所述安全锁装置是一种双翼安全锁装置， 其包括一个壳体， 一对固定在 壳体壁上的由弹簧作用的锁扣件， 两个小齿轮， 其中一个小齿轮被配置成一个 小马达， 每个所述锁扣件具有小齿边和大齿边， 所述两个小齿轮分别与一个所 述锁扣件的小齿边啮合， 而所述两个锁扣件的大齿边在所述安全锁装置处于 锁紧状态时与所述座椅部分的纵向板的圆弧形底边的齿啮合， 当处于开锁状 态时， 所述锁扣件的大齿边在所述小齿轮的带动下离开所述纵向板的圆弧形 底边的齿， 并藉由各自的弹簧锁紧在其初始位置。
用于驱动所述座椅调节机构的所述减速电机包括防逆转螺旋齿轮。
所述座椅调节机构包括平衡感应装置， 所述平衡感应装置包括用作摆锤 的重物以及用于支承和允许所述重物摆动的支架部分， 所述支架部分配置有 电路系统， 所述电路系统与用于所述座椅调节机构的所述减速电机电连接以 及与所述储电池电连接。
用于驱动所述活动伸延履带的所述减速电机包括防逆转螺旋齿轮以及双 翼安全锁装置。
所述座椅部分通过连接件与用于驱动所述座椅调节机构的所述减速电机 中的大齿轮连接。 附图说明
图 1 为根据本发明电动轮椅的一个实施方案的透视图， 图中只示意性地 示出一部分构件， 其中， 活动伸延履带处于与前履带并排的收藏位置。
图 2为图 1所示的电动轮椅的示意性局部剖视图， 其中， 活动伸延履带处 于向前翻转到一定角度的位置。
图 3a为图 1所示的电动轮椅的一个实施方案的车身部分和车底部分中的 一些驱动组件的俯视图， 其中电动引擎设置在车底部分的后部分中。
图 3b为图 1所示的电动轮椅的另一个实施方案的车身部分和车底部分中 的一些驱动组件的俯视图， 其中电动引擎设置在车底部分的前部分中。
图 4为一个防逆转齿轮组合的示意图。
图 5a为根据本发明电动轮椅的座椅调节机构的操作设计简图。
图 5b为根据本发明的座椅调节机构的平衡感应装置处于初始位置时的示 意图， 图中只示出图 2所示的轮椅右边的纵向侧板和座椅支承件的纵向板的结 构。
图 5c为图 5b所示的平衡感应装置到达其中一端终点位置时的操作示意图 图 5d为图 5b所述的平衡感应装置的绝缘板与位于端部终点位置的阻挡 装置的杆状件的感应按钮接触时的示意图。
图 6a和 6b为座椅部分的两种调节模式的示意图。
图 7a为双翼安全锁处于锁扣状态时的结构示意图。
图 7b为双翼安全锁处于解锁状态时的结构示意图。
图 8为本发明电动轮椅在上或下楼梯过程中活动伸延履带的位置状况图。 图 9为根据本发明的电动轮椅的座椅处于调高状态时的示意图。
图 10为本发明的电动轮椅在攀爬至梯级顶部时， 形成车底部分的前后两 部分相对偏转成一定角度而使后部分先着陆的示意图。 具体实施方式
图 1示出本发明电动轮椅的一个实施方案的透视图， 为清楚起见， 图中只 示意性地示出一部分构件。 本发明的电动轮椅包括座椅部分 1, 用作座椅支架 的车身部分 2, 座椅调节机构 3, 车底部分 4以及履带行走机构 5。
座椅部分 1包括座椅和固定设置在座椅底部相对两侧的支承组件 100。 由 于两个支承组件在结构上完全相同， 因此在这里只对其中一个支承组件作出 描述。
每个支承组件 100包括两个与座椅底部大致上垂直的纵向板 101, 102(或 108, 109), 这两个纵向板的顶边相互隔开一定距离地固定于座椅底部， 外部纵 向板 102 的底边被制成为内凹形带齿弧形边 105(图中未示出另一个外部纵向 板 109的底边)， 两个纵向板 101, 102之间限定一个空间 103, 用于容纳和安装 多个滚轴轮 104, 每个滚轴轮的轴的两端分别固定在两个纵向板上。
用作座椅支架的车身部分 2包括底框架 （或底板） 和两个构型相同的纵向 侧板 201, 203, 每个纵向侧板 201, 203的上部被制成为圆弧形。 在此实施方案 中， 其圆弧形顶部被部分夹持在座椅的支承件的两个纵向板 101, 102; 108, 109 所限定的空间 103内， 安装在每个支承件的两个纵向板 101, 102; 108, 109之间 的一系列滚轴轮 104可滑动地支承在纵向侧板 201, 203的圆弧形顶边上， 且所 述圆弧形顶边作为滚轴轮 104的滑动路径。 在每个纵向侧板 201, 203的外侧壁 上设置有一个安全锁装置 1 1(图中只示出一个；)， 该安全锁装置 11 与座椅支承 件的外部纵向板的带齿弧形边协作， 这将在下文作详细描述。
车身部分 2 的底框架上设置用于操控活动伸延履带的减速电机 6 以及用 于操控座椅调节机构 3的减速电机 7, 见图 2。
座椅调节机构 3的减速电机 7的齿轮组包括一个大齿轮 73, 该大齿轮 73 一方面通过连接件 107 (见图 1) 与座椅部分 1固定连接， 另一方面通过一条贯 穿其中心孔的杆件 14可活动地连接到车身部分 2的两个纵向侧板 201, 203上, 其中， 杆件 14的两端分别固定在纵向侧板 201, 203的圆弧形部分的中心位置 上， 大齿轮 73可以绕杆件 14转动。
用于驱动履带行走的组件优选设置在位于车身部分 2 下面的车底部分 4 中。
履带行走机构 5包括分设在车底部分 4两侧下方的两组履带。 每组履带包 括前履带 51, 后履带 52, 设置在前履带 51外侧的活动伸延履带 53 以及设置 在后履带 52外侧的固定上梯履带 54。 前履带 51和后履带 52通过连接装置 45 (例如， 另一条履带） 连接在一起， 固定上梯履带 54—端的滑轮 506与后履带 52 后端的驱动滑轮并排地固定连接在一起， 且固定上梯履带的另一端相对后 履带偏移一定角度 （见图 2), 活动伸延履带 53—端的滑轮 503与前履带 51前 端的滑轮并排地固定连接在一起， 且活动伸延履带 53 的自由端可以绕其固定 端的滑轮 503 向前或向后转动 360 ° 。 两个活动伸延履带的固定端的滑轮 503 通过一条轴杆 9连接， 其中， 轴杆 9自由穿过前履带前端的两个滑轮的中心孔, 且轴杆 9在其中间位置藉由一条连接杆 91与用于操控活动伸延履带的减速电 机 6的齿轮组中的大齿轮 64偏心连接。
参见图 2, 图 3a, 图 3b和图 10, 车底部分 4由并排设置的前后两个部分
41, 42组成， 前部分 41与后部分 42通过连接装置 45连接在一起， 并可在一定 角度范围内相互相对偏转。 在本实施方案中， 连接装置 45为履带， 其中， 履带 45通过前履带 51的后端滑轮和后履带 52的前端滑轮， 将前后两部分连接在一 起。 当然， 连接装置 45 并不限于上述的履带， 还可采用本领域熟知的其它装 置， 例如， 链条， 等等。
参见图 3a, 用于向各驱动装置供电的储电池 8设置在前部分 41 中， 两个 单独的电动引擎 421, 422设置在后部分 42 中并用于各自驱动其中一组履带, 使履带组向前或向后行驶， 并可以向左或向右作 360 ° 水平转向， 这两个电动 引擎 421, 422由设置在座椅扶手上的控制杆 170控制。 在此实施方案中， 电动 引擎 421、422直接驱动后履带 52后端的滑轮 506, 并藉由连接装置 45带动前 履带 51运行， 由于活动伸延履带 53—端的滑轮 503与前履带 5 1前端的滑轮 固定连接在一起， 因此也将电动引擎的动力传递到活动伸延履带而使其运行。
在另一个实施方案中， 如图 3b 所示， 用于向各驱动装置供电的储电池 8 设置在后部分 42中， 两个单独的电动引擎 421, 422设置在前部分 41中并用于 各自驱动其中一组履带， 使履带组向前或向后行驶， 并可以向左或向右作 360 ° 水平转向， 这两个电动引擎 421, 422由设置在座椅扶手上的控制杆 170控制 。 在此实施方案中， 电动引擎 421、422直接驱动连接装置 45和前履带 51后端 的滑轮 504, 并藉由连接装置 45带动后履带 52运行， 再经由后履带 52后端的 滑轮 506带动固定上梯履带 54。
用于操控活动伸延履带的减速电机 6经由轴杆 9来驱动活动伸延履带 53 转动， 可以使活动伸延履带 53 的自由端相对其固定端转动到任何角度并停止 不动， 这是通过减速电机 6的齿轮组中的防逆转螺旋齿轮 62来实现的。 参见 图 4, 防逆转螺旋齿轮 62通过一条轴 61直接由减速电机 6的马达 60驱动并与 减速电机 6 的齿轮组中的一个齿轮 68 啮合， 当马达通电运转时， 防逆转螺旋 齿轮 62带动齿轮 68转动， 转而使活动伸延履带 53转动， 但当马达断电停止 运转时， 防逆转螺旋齿轮 62也停止转动， 因为齿轮 68不能推动该防逆转螺旋 齿轮 62, 使得活动伸延履带 53被锁紧在想要的位置。 减速电机 6通过设置在 座椅扶手上的控制杆 160来控制。
同样， 在用于操控座椅调节机构 3的减速电机 7的齿轮组中也包括一个防 逆转螺旋齿轮 72, 见图 2。 当减速电机 7 的马达通电运转时， 该螺旋齿轮 72 带动齿轮组转动， 其中， 与座椅固定连接的大齿轮 73会带动座椅部分 1 沿着 车身部分 2的纵向侧板 201, 203上沿的滑动路径向前或向后移动， 当马达停止 运转时， 齿轮组因不能推动该螺旋齿轮而使座椅锁紧于适当的位置。
参见图 5a, 座椅调节机构 3包括设置在座椅底部的平衡感应装置 300。 在 一个实施方案中， 平衡感应装置 300 包括一个重物 302和一个用于支承重物 302且配置有电路系统的支承件 304, 平衡感应装置 300可以用普通方法吊挂 式固定在座椅的底部上， 在一个实施方案中， 它固定在座椅底部的两个内部纵 向板 101, 108之间并邻接其中一个内部纵向板 101或 108。
重物 302通过其相对两侧上设置的两个连接杆 306, 308与支承件 304活 动连接， 每个连接杆 306、308与支承件 304的连接点 310作为支点， 使得重物 302作为摆锤可绕该支点向前方 （图中箭头 A所指的方向， gp, 乘客面向的方 向） 或向后方摆动。 在此实施方案中， 两个连接杆 306, 308大致上呈 "T" 形, 其中一个连接杆 306的自由端上设置了两个相对的正极触点 c和 e, 另一个连 接杆 308的自由端上设置有两个相对的负极触点 d和 f。 支承件 304与连接杆 306同一侧的侧沿上设置有与连接杆 306的正极触点 c和 e对应的触点 a和 g, 而支承件 304与连接杆 308同一侧的侧沿上设置有与连接杆 308的负极触点 d 和 f对应的触点 b和 h, 其中， 支承件 304上的两个触点 a与 h通过电线 L连 接， 另两个触点 b与 g通过电线 K连接。 触点 g和 h又分别经由电线 I、J与用 于操控座椅调节机构的减速电机 7电连接， 而两个连接杆 306, 308分别经由电 线 M, N与一个自动 /手动模式切换开关 155电连接。 该自动 /手动模式切换开 关 155可设置在座椅扶手上或是便于乘客使用的其它地方， 它一方面与安装在 车底部分内的储电池 8电连接， 另一方面与设置在座椅扶手上用于操控座椅调 节机构的减速电机 7的控制杆 150电连接。 通过这个自动 /手动模式切换开关 155来切换座椅调节机构 3的操作模式。
在启动自动模式时， 位于座椅底部的平衡感应装置 300接通电源。 对于电 动轮椅上落梯级的情况， 乘客或轮椅需要背向楼梯， 在行驶中车身倾斜（即, 车身后部分升高；)的情况下， 平衡感应装置 300的重物 302会向前方摆动， 使连 接杆 306的正极触点 e接触支架部分 304的触点 g; 同时， 连接杆 308的负极 触点 f接触支架部分 304的触点 h, 从而接通电源， 此时， 电流通过 g和 h启动 座椅调节机构的减速电机 7, 令座椅由 Y点朝向 Z点转动， 以与地面始终保持 平衡。 相反， 当电动轮椅前行上斜路时， 重物 302会向后方摆动， 连接杆 306 的正极触点 c接触支架部分 304的触点 a, 并通过电线 L连接支架部分 304的 触点 h; 同时， 连接杆 308的负极触点 d接触支架部分 304的触点 b, 再通过电 线 K连接支架部分 304的触点 g, 最后， 电流会通过正负极互换的触点 g和 h 启动减速电机 7逆向运转， 从而使座椅由 Y点朝向 X点转动， 以与地面始终保 持平衡。而对于电动轮椅上落斜坡的情况， 乘客或轮椅可根据具体情况选择背 向或面向斜坡， 若选择背向斜坡而行的情况与上述相似， 若选择面向斜坡而言, 则情况与上述相反。
参见图 5b 至 5d, 为了使座椅部分的移动安全可靠， 在一个实施方案中， 在位于支承件 304上面的两个连接杆 306和 308之间可设置一块绝缘板 3 11(见 图 5c), 该绝缘板的两端可以分别固定在两个连接杆 306和 308上。 此外， 在 车身部分 2的其中一个纵向侧板 201的内壁上设置两个大致呈 "L" 形的感应 式阻挡装置 3 12, 313, 这两个阻挡装置位于平衡感应装置 300 的动作路径上， 用于限制座椅部分的移动范围。 由于平衡感应装置 300 的动作路径处于以杆 件 14的固定端点作为圆心的圆弧上， 因此， 在此实施方案中， 将座椅部分向前 或向后的移动行程限制在例如 40度的范围内。
为此目的， 将所述两个阻挡装置 3 12, 313分设在平衡感应装置 300的动作 路径的两终端上， 使得它们各自与平衡感应装置 300在径向上成 40度角。 应 注意到， 对于本领域的普通技术人员来说， 该角度可以设定得更小或更大， 以 适应不同倾斜角度的梯级， 因为大部分的楼梯的倾斜角度为 20至 35度。
每个阻挡装置的下部分固定到纵向侧板 201、203的内壁上， 其上部分与纵 向侧板 201、203的内壁隔开一定距离， 以允许座椅部分的支承组件 100的内部 纵向板 101、 108在该阻挡装置和纵向侧板 201、203的内壁之间自由通过。 在两 个阻挡装置 312, 313相互面向的一侧上还各自配置一个杆状件 314, 3 15。 该杆 状件自阻挡装置本体的上部分大致垂直地延伸， 在其远离本体的一端上设置 有一个用作为警报器开关的感应按钮 316, 该感应按钮 316被配置成在受压时 可弹性缩入该杆状件内部， 并与设置在轮椅上的警报器 (图中未示;)电连接。 警 报器可设置在轮椅车身的任何适合的位置上。 杆状件 3 14, 315 在其感应按钮 316处于释放状态时， 其轴向总长度大于该杆状件的本体与平衡感应装置 300 接触时与该平衡感应装置 300的绝缘板 3 11之间的距离， 使得感应按钮 316可 与绝缘板 31 1接触并可被按压缩入该杆状感件内部， 以接通警报器。
在轮椅上落坡度较大的斜坡的情况下， 以面向斜坡向上行驶为例， 在此 实施例中， 平衡感应装置 300是设置在座椅部分右边 (； BP, 乘客右手边;)的支承 件 100 的内部纵向板 108与座椅底板之间， 见图 5b。 当车身因上斜坡而倾斜 (SP, 车身前部分升高;)时， 重物 302 因重力向后方摆动， 使平衡感应装置 300 的触点 a, b与 c, d碰触而启动减速电机 7逆向旋转， 从而使座椅由 Y点向 X 点移动， 见图 5a。 当车身倾斜达至 40度时， ，平衡感应装置 300随座椅向前移 动至与阻挡装置 313接触， 如图 5c和 5d所示， 此时， 平衡感应装置 300的杆 状件 315的感应按钮 316被绝缘板 31 1压缩到杆状件 315内部而接通和启动警 报器， 该警报器发出警报声， 提醒乘客轮椅车身的倾斜度已到极限， 别再继续 前行。 另一方面， 由于阻挡装置 313的杆状件 3 15抵住平衡感应装置 300的绝 缘板 311, 令平衡感应装置 300的重物连接杆 306, 308保持在初始位置， gp, 连 接杆 306, 308相对支承件 304垂直且未偏转时的位置， 各触点因无法触碰到支 承件 304上对应的各触点， 从而使座椅无法向前或向后滑动。 在此情况下， 当 轮椅向平地退回时， 座椅藉由平衡感应装置 300的调节， 会始终保持平衡状态, 直至安全回到平地。 在启动手动模式时， 通过开关将平衡感应装置 300的电流 切断， 改为由减速电机 7的控制杆 150来操控。 在此模式下， 乘客通过控制杆 150可以随意将座椅由 Y点向 Z点转动， 或由 Y点向 X点转动， 从而增加灵活 性， 令乘客上落轮椅时更为方便。 例如， 如图 6a和 6b所示， 把座椅调校至后 方， 乘客可以方便洗头， 或从后方转移到座椅或睡床等。 当乘客把座椅调校至 前方， 即使没有别人的帮助， 乘客都可以靠自己独自转移到车子、座椅或睡床 上， 等。
座椅调节机构 3还包括设置在车身部分 2的每个纵向侧板 201, 203的外 侧壁上并能够与座椅部分的外部纵向板 102, 109的圆弧形底边的齿 105啮合的 安全锁装置 1 1。 这种安全锁装置可以是一种双翼安全锁装置 11, 参见图 7a和 图 7b, 其包括一个壳体 1 10, —对固定在壳体壁上的由弹簧 115, 1 16作用的锁 扣件 111, 1 12, 两个小齿轮 113, 114, 其中一个小齿轮 1 14被配置成一个小马 达。 每个锁扣件具有小齿边和大齿边， 两个小齿轮 113, 114分别与一个锁扣件 的小齿边啮合， 而两个锁扣件的大齿边在该安全锁装置处于锁紧状态时与外 部纵向板 102, 109的圆弧形底边的齿 105啮合。 当处于开锁状态时， 锁扣件的 大齿边在小齿轮的带动下离开纵向板 102, 109的圆弧形底边的齿 105, 并藉由 各自的弹簧 1 15, 116锁紧在其初始位置。 在使用这种安全锁时， 小马达 1 14的 电源与座椅调节机构 3 的减速电机 7 的马达直接接驳， 当轮椅平稳地行走时, 平衡感应装置 300的重物 302的摆动不足以接通平衡感应装置的电源， 减速电 机 7的马达和安全锁的小马达 114都未能通电启动， 因此， 安全锁的左右锁扣 件因弹簧作用力而将轮椅锁紧。 当轮椅倾斜时， 平衡感应装置会使减速电机 7 的马达和安全锁的小马达 114同时启动， 小马达按顺时针转动， 使与其啮合的 锁扣件沿逆时针方向转动并离开纵向板 102, 109的圆弧形底边的齿 105, 同时, 小马达会带动另一个小齿轮按逆时针转动， 使另一个锁扣件也离开纵向板 102, 109的圆弧形底边的齿 105, 从而令移动式座椅部分能顺利滑动。
由于有两个锁扣件的原因， 所以无论轮椅向任何一方倾斜， 例如图 6a 和 6b所示的手动模式的情况， 锁扣件都能把轮椅紧紧锁上， 不会翻倒。
上述的双翼安全锁装置只是本发明的一个优选实施方案， 对于本领域的 普通技术人员来说， 可以实现这种紧锁功能的其它装置均可采用。
在控制活动伸延履带方面， 优选在操控活动伸延履带的减速电机 6 的齿 轮组中设置一个上述的双翼安全锁装置 12, 如图 2所示。 这样， 当减速电机 6 的马达通电时， 此安全锁装置 12会自动通电开锁， 允许减速电机 6 的齿轮组 驱动活动伸延履带 53 转动到想要的位置。 当马达停止运转时， 安全锁会将齿 轮组锁紧， 从而使活动伸延履带 53无法转动而停留在想要的位置上。
由于本发明的电动轮椅采用了防逆转螺旋齿轮和双翼安全锁装置， 使得 在任何情况下， 轮椅的活动座椅和活动伸延履带都能够保持稳定性， 达到了乘 客安全的目的。
另外， 由于本发明的电动轮椅采用了可以 360度转动的活动伸延履带， 在 有需要时， 可以利用活动伸延履带向前转动， 直至伸延履带的前端触及地面, 从而可将轮椅撑高， 同时， 本发明的座椅调节机构将活动座椅自动调校为垂直 平衡. 令乘客可得到如健全人士站立般的视野。 当电动轮椅在地面前行遇到 障碍物时， 可以使活动伸延履带向后转动， 直至伸延履带的前端触及地面， 以 将轮椅车身的前端升高至可以跨越障碍物， 从而令轮椅车能够顺利通过。
在使用本发明电动轮椅上多层梯级时， 乘客首先要将轮椅车背向梯级, 用一只手控制履带行驶控制杆 170, 使轮椅慢慢向后驱动， 当固定上梯履带碰 触到梯级后， 用后履带攀上梯级， 同时， 用另一只手控制活动伸延履带控制杆
160 使伸延履带从两侧向前翻转， 以与前后履带成一直线。 因轮椅在上斜攀 梯时车身会倾斜， 此时， 座椅调节机构发挥作用， 令乘客保持垂直平衡。 当轮 椅到达梯级顶部时， 车身后部分会率先着陆， 而前履带仍在梯级上 此时， 后 履带相对前履带偏转成一定角度， 如图 10所示， 使后履带能够流畅地着陆， 避 免了车身突然下坠的冲击。 当轮椅完全到达平地后， 前后履带又变成为一直 行， 使用控制杆 160可将伸延履带向后翻转并平放于车身两侧， 以减小车身长 度。
在下落多层梯级时， 乘客将轮椅车小心驶至梯级边缘， 使用活动伸延履 带控制杆 160操控伸延履带从两侧向前翻转直至前端接触到梯级， 然后慢慢驱 动轮椅前行， 利用伸延履带可控制车身保持平稳。 当车身随着下梯而倾斜时, 座椅调节机构能让乘客保持垂直平衡。 轮椅到达地面时， 伸延履带前端会率 先着地， 乘客此时可控制伸延履带慢慢往后收起， 以让轮椅顺利着陆。
当乘客上轮椅时， 先将平衡感应装置的电源关闭， 以使座椅调节从自动 模式转换为手动模式， 利用控制杆 150 来控制座椅的倾斜角度， 当角度合适, 防逆转齿轮组合和安全锁会将座椅锁紧于乘客所需的角度位置， 使乘客可安 全地从床上、 座椅上、 座厕上等地方转移到轮椅之上， 反之亦然。
上述的各种控制杆和开关装置可以设置在轮椅扶手的一侧或两侧上， 或 其它便于乘客触及的地方。
虽然本发明的优点和优选实施方案已在这里作了叙述， 但本领域的技术人 员应该明白， 这里的叙述仅只提供作为范例， 并非用于限制本发明的保护范 围。在不脱离本发明保护范围的情况下， 可以以任何其它等同物代替所描述的 实施细节， 或作出修改或变型。

Claims

权利要求
1. 一种电动轮椅， 其包括移动式座椅部分， 用作座椅支架的车身部分, 设置在座椅下面用于保持所述座椅部分平衡的座椅调节机构， 位于所述车身 部分下面的车底部分， 以及履带行走机构， 所述履带行走机构包括两组分别设 置在所述车底部分两侧下面的履带， 每一组履带包括前履带和后履带， 其特征 在于， 所述车底部分由前后两个部分组成， 所述前后两个部分通过连接装置活 动式连接并可在一定角度范围内相互相对偏转； 所述履带行走机构还包括分 别设置在每个所述前履带外侧的活动伸延履带， 所述活动伸延履带一端的滑 轮与所述前履带前端的滑轮固定连接， 所述活动伸延履带的自由端通过控制 杆可在 360度范围内相对其固定端正向或逆向转动， 以及分别设置在每个所述 后履带外侧的固定上梯履带， 所述固定上梯履带一端的滑轮与所述后履带后 端的滑轮固定连接， 且所述固定上梯履带的自由端相对所述后履带偏移一定 角度。
2. 如权利要求 1 所述的电动轮椅， 其特征在于， 所述座椅调节机构和所 述活动伸延履带分别由单独的减速电机驱动。
3. 如权利要求 1 所述的电动轮椅， 其特征在于， 所述履带行走机构的每 组履带分别由一个单独的电动引擎驱动。
4. 如权利要求 1 所述的电动轮椅， 其特征在于， 所述移动式座椅部分两 侧的底部各设置一组滚轴轮， 所述座椅部分藉由所述滚轴轮支承在所述车身 部分上， 且每一组所述滚轴轮通过控制装置沿着所述车身部分上形成的滑动 路径移动， 从而带动所述座椅部分移动。
5. 如权利要求 4 所述的电动轮椅， 其特征在于， 用于控制所述滚轴轮的 控制装置包括与所述座椅调节机构的减速电机电连接的控制杆以及设置在所 述车身部分上的安全锁装置。
6. 如权利要求 5 所述的电动轮椅， 其特征在于， 所述安全锁装置为双翼 安全锁装置， 包括一个壳体， 一对固定在壳体壁上的由弹簧作用的锁扣件， 两 个小齿轮， 其中一个小齿轮被配置成一个小马达， 每个所述锁扣件具有小齿边 和大齿边， 所述两个小齿轮分别与一个所述锁扣件的小齿边啮合， 而所述两个 锁扣件的大齿边在所述安全锁装置处于锁紧状态时与所述座椅部分的纵向板 的圆弧形底边的齿啮合， 当处于开锁状态时， 所述锁扣件的大齿边在所述小齿 轮的带动下离开所述纵向板的圆弧形底边的齿， 并藉由各自的弹簧锁紧在其 初始位置。
7. 如权利要求 2或 5所述的电动轮椅， 其特征在于， 用于驱动所述座椅调 节机构的所述减速电机包括防逆转螺旋齿轮。
8. 如权利要求 1所述的电动轮椅， 其特征在于， 所述座椅调节机构包括平 衡感应装置， 所述平衡感应装置包括用作摆锤的重物以及用于支承和允许所述 重物摆动的支承件， 所述支承件配置有电路系统， 所述电路系统与用于所述座 椅调节机构的所述减速电机电连接以及与所述储电池电连接。
9. 如权利要求 2或 5所述的电动轮椅， 其特征在于， 用于驱动所述活动伸 延履带的所述减速电机包括防逆转螺旋齿轮以及双翼安全锁装置。
10. 如权利要求 1所述的电动轮椅， 其特征在于， 所述座椅部分通过连接件 与用于驱动所述座椅调节机构的所述减速电机中的大齿轮固定连接。
PCT/CN2012/073568 2011-10-04 2012-04-06 电动轮椅 Ceased WO2013049979A1 (zh)

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CN104840311A (zh) 2015-08-19
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HK1213764A1 (zh) 2016-07-15
AU2012216629A1 (en) 2013-04-18
HK1150721A2 (zh) 2011-12-30
EP2764855A4 (en) 2015-07-22
MY161560A (en) 2017-04-28
HK1182920A1 (zh) 2013-12-13
US20140202777A1 (en) 2014-07-24
AU2012216629B2 (en) 2014-04-24
EP2764855B1 (en) 2018-06-06
TW201315456A (zh) 2013-04-16
CN103027803B (zh) 2016-02-03
CN104840311B (zh) 2018-09-14
US9278036B2 (en) 2016-03-08

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