WO2013065752A1 - 複合材料、伝送シート、伝送ユニット及びそれらを備えた非接触電力伝送システム - Google Patents
複合材料、伝送シート、伝送ユニット及びそれらを備えた非接触電力伝送システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013065752A1 WO2013065752A1 PCT/JP2012/078201 JP2012078201W WO2013065752A1 WO 2013065752 A1 WO2013065752 A1 WO 2013065752A1 JP 2012078201 W JP2012078201 W JP 2012078201W WO 2013065752 A1 WO2013065752 A1 WO 2013065752A1
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- composite material
- power transmission
- contact power
- transmission system
- electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/05—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using capacitive coupling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
- B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/24—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/0009—Details relating to the conductive cores
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
- B32B2307/202—Conductive
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
- B32B2307/204—Di-electric
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
- B32B2307/206—Insulating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31652—Of asbestos
- Y10T428/31663—As siloxane, silicone or silane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
- Y10T428/31909—Next to second addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
- Y10T428/31913—Monoolefin polymer
- Y10T428/31917—Next to polyene polymer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
- Y10T428/31909—Next to second addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
- Y10T428/31924—Including polyene monomers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composite material, a transmission sheet, a transmission unit, and a non-contact power transmission system including them.
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-238968 filed in Japan on October 31, 2011 and Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-057956 filed in Japan on March 14, 2012. Is hereby incorporated by reference.
- the dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent are in a trade-off relationship specified by the elements constituting the ceramic crystal and its crystal structure. It is almost impossible.
- a ceramic material having a high dielectric constant has a high dielectric loss tangent because its crystal structure is asymmetric.
- Non-Patent Document 1 organic dielectric materials have also been developed (for example, Non-Patent Document 1).
- organic materials there have been attempts to achieve both a high dielectric constant and a low dielectric loss tangent, but the phenomenon is the same as in ceramics. That is, there is a dilemma that inevitably increases the dielectric loss tangent when the dielectric constant of the material is improved by imparting a chemical structure such as promoting charge polarization or electron spin orientation.
- a conductive filler is added for the purpose of improving the relative dielectric constant.
- JP 2005-500608 A discloses a dielectric material in which carbon nanotubes are dispersed in a polymer matrix
- International Publication WO 2006/064782 discloses a dielectric material in which carbon particles are dispersed in silicone rubber.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-107770 discloses a dielectric paste in which a conductive powder is coated with an insulating coating and dispersed in a binder resin.
- International Publication WO2009 / 041507 discloses a polymer matrix. It is described that carbon black is added to a dielectric elastomer composition in which an inorganic dielectric is dispersed.
- a non-contact power of an electric field coupling method in which a capacitor is formed by bringing a transmitting electrode and a receiving electrode close to each other or in close contact, and power is transmitted from the transmitting side to the receiving side via this capacitor (coupling capacitor).
- Transmission techniques are disclosed (for example, Patent Documents 5 to 7).
- a dielectric layer is used between electrodes in a coupling capacitor in order to increase capacitance and improve power transmission efficiency (for example, Patent Document 8).
- the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric material increases as the amount of conductive filler added increases.
- the amount of conductive filler added exceeds a certain amount, a conductive path is formed by contact between the conductive fillers, so that the dielectric loss tangent increases.
- the method of applying the insulating coating to the conductive filler has a complicated work process, lacks reproducibility and mass productivity, and peels off the insulating coating. There was a problem of mechanical strength.
- the present invention is a material that solves the above-described problems of the prior art.
- the trade-off relationship between the relative permittivity and the dielectric loss tangent is relaxed, and the relative permittivity is reduced even when the conductive filler is not coated. It is an object of the present invention to provide a composite material obtained by adding a conductive filler to a polymer matrix having a high dielectric loss tangent.
- junction capacitance depends on the contact area between the transmitting electrode and the receiving electrode, but if the surface shape of the contact surfaces of both electrodes do not match, a part of the surface There is a problem that sufficient electrostatic capacity cannot be obtained because only the contact area is in contact (close contact) and the contact area is reduced.
- the electrode is often used in a form charged in the housing. Therefore, even if a dielectric sheet having a high relative dielectric constant provided on the electrode can be developed, the high dielectric constant at the corner is not utilized by covering the surface with a casing, that is, a low dielectric constant insulating layer. In other words, even if a high dielectric layer is inserted between the electrodes in order to increase the junction capacitance, the junction capacitance is drastically reduced by inserting a low dielectric constant insulating layer called a housing there. The performance of the high-output transmission sheet was hindered.
- barium titanate has a relative dielectric constant of 4000, but when a 200 ⁇ m PTFE film (relative dielectric constant of 2.2) is coated, a junction provided with a dielectric layer composed of a PTFE film and a barium titanate layer. The capacity is reduced to 1/180.
- a transmitter electrode with a casing (low dielectric constant insulating layer) directly covered with a bare metal electrode without using a layer with a high relative dielectric constant. For this reason, since the contact between the metal electrode and the housing is not sufficient, and the contact between the transmission electrode and the reception electrode is not sufficient, it is difficult to realize a high output.
- the present invention constitutes a coupling capacitor that has a high capacitance and can realize high transmission efficiency, a transmission unit used in a non-contact power transmission system, a transmission sheet that constitutes this transmission unit, and
- An object is to provide a non-contact power transmission system including them.
- an object of the transmission sheet is to provide a transmission sheet that realizes high output even in the presence of a casing (low dielectric insulating layer).
- the present invention provides the following means.
- Conductive filler is dispersed in a polymer material, and the addition amount of the conductive filler is 1 to 25 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer material, and the AC voltage with respect to a frequency of 100 Hz.
- a composite material having a relative dielectric constant of 30 or more and a dielectric loss tangent of 3 or less.
- a composite material comprising a polymer material and a conductive filler, the conductive filler forming an aggregate having an average diameter of 1 ⁇ m or more, and an average distance between the aggregates of 10 nm to 30 ⁇ m .
- a polymer material and a conductive filler are included, at least two conductive layers having a thickness of 1 ⁇ m or more, and a polymer material that may be the same as or different from the conductive layer.
- the conductive filler is a carbon material.
- the polymer material includes two or more polymer materials that are not compatible with each other (the composite material according to any one of 1 to 5).
- the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of polyimide, silicone resin, fluoropolymer, polyurethane, acrylic resin, polycarbonate, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester, epoxy resin, cyanate ester resin, natural rubber, and synthetic rubber.
- the composite material according to any one of (1) to (7) above. (9) The composite material according to any one of (1) to (7), wherein the polymer material is natural rubber. (10) The composite material according to any one of (1) to (7), wherein the polymer material is a synthetic rubber.
- a transmission sheet constituting a transmission unit used in a non-contact power transmission system that performs power transmission by bringing a transmission electrode and a reception electrode close to each other, wherein a functional composite material layer and a first insulating layer are sequentially formed A transmission sheet used for a non-contact power transmission system, wherein the functional composite material layer is made of the composite material according to any one of (1) to (10).
- the first insulating layer is made of any of natural rubber, EPDM, ABS resin, and PTFE, and is used for the non-contact power transmission system according to any one of (12) and (13) Transmission sheet.
- a transmission unit used in a non-contact power transmission system that performs power transmission by bringing a transmitting electrode and a receiving electrode close to each other, and includes an electrode and a functional composite material layer in order, and the functional composite material layer A transmission unit for use in a non-contact power transmission system, characterized in that is made of the composite material according to any one of (1) to (10).
- the first insulating layer is made of any of natural rubber, EPDM, ABS resin, and PTFE, and is used for the non-contact power transmission system according to any one of (16) and (17) Transmission unit.
- the second insulating layer is made of any one of cyanoacrylate adhesives such as natural rubber, EPDM, ABS resin, PTFE, ethyl cyanoacrylate, and the like (19) or (20) A transmission unit used in any one of the contactless power transmission systems.
- a transmission unit used in a non-contact power transmission system that performs power transmission by bringing a transmission electrode and a reception electrode close to each other, and includes an electrode, a functional composite material layer, and a first insulating layer in order
- the first insulating layer is made of any one of natural rubber, EPDM, ABS resin, and PTFE, and is used for the non-contact power transmission system according to any one of (23) and (24) Transmission unit.
- the second insulating layer is made of any one of cyanoacrylate adhesives such as natural rubber, EPDM, ABS resin, PTFE, ethyl cyanoacrylate, and the like (26) or (27) A transmission unit used in any one of the contactless power transmission systems.
- a contactless power transmission system comprising a transmission sheet used in the contactless power transmission system according to any one of (11 to (13).
- a non-contact power transmission system comprising a transmission unit used in the non-contact power transmission system according to any one of (14) to (29).
- another layer may be included between the transmission electrode and the reception electrode as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a composite material obtained by adding a conductive filler to a polymer matrix having a high relative dielectric constant and a low dielectric loss tangent.
- a transmission capacitor used in a non-contact power transmission system, a transmission sheet constituting the transmission unit, and a transmission sheet constituting the coupling capacitor that has a high capacitance and can realize high transmission efficiency, and A non-contact power transmission system provided can be provided.
- the transmission sheet can provide a transmission sheet that achieves high output even in the presence of a housing (low dielectric insulating layer).
- a composite material including, but not limited to, an electric field coupling type non-contact power transmission system
- a non-contact power transmission system including, but not limited to, an electric field coupling type non-contact power transmission system
- the configuration will be described with reference to the drawings.
- the drawings used in the following description may show the features that are enlarged for convenience in order to make the features easier to understand, and the dimensional ratios of the respective components are not necessarily the same as the actual ones. .
- the materials, dimensions, and the like exemplified in the following description are examples, and the present invention is not limited to them, and can be appropriately changed and implemented without changing the gist thereof.
- the composite materials of the present invention are the following composite material A, composite material B, and composite material C.
- Composite material A a polymer material that is a matrix, and a conductive filler, the conductive filler forms an aggregate having a constant average diameter, and the average distance between the aggregates is kept constant.
- Composite material B containing a polymer material that is a matrix and a conductive filler, including at least two conductive layers having a predetermined thickness, and a polymer material that may be the same as or different from the conductive layer, as a matrix, A composite material having an insulating layer having a predetermined thickness.
- Composite material C Conductive filler is dispersed in a polymer material as a matrix.
- the amount of conductive filler added is 1 to 25 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer material, and an alternating current with a frequency of 100 Hz.
- the composite materials A to C of the present invention include a polymer material and a conductive filler.
- the filling amount (concentration, addition amount) of the conductive filler is generally increased by a mechanism based on the percolation theory, the conductivity increases.
- a material whose conductivity increases rapidly when the amount exceeds the percolation threshold is used.
- the composite material of the present invention is a material in which both the conductivity and the relative dielectric constant are generally increased when the filling amount of the conductive filler is increased.
- a normal dielectric is made only of a material in which electrons cannot move, and a normal conductor is made only of a material in which electrons can move, whereas the composite material of the present invention has a conductive portion (conductive filler) and a dielectric. Since it is composed of a conductive portion (polymer material), that is, a portion where the charge can move and a portion where the charge cannot move, the characteristics can be controlled.
- the composite material of the present invention increases the dielectric loss tangent when the filling amount of the conductive filler is increased, but the degree of increase is very small as compared with a composite material based on a conventional polymer material.
- the dielectric loss tangent is a physical quantity related to the loss during power transmission. If the dielectric loss tangent is large, the loss is large, and if it is small, the loss is small.
- increasing the filling amount of the conductive filler in order to obtain a high relative dielectric constant increases the dielectric loss tangent, so the filling amount of the conductive filler is sufficiently large.
- the composite material of the present invention can reduce the degree of increase in dielectric loss tangent even if the filling amount of the conductive filler is increased, it is a composite material based on a conventional polymer material. As a result, the filling amount of the conductive filler can be increased, and as a result, the dielectric constant can be made higher than that of the conventional one. Thus, in the composite material of the present invention, the trade-off relationship between the relative permittivity and the dielectric loss tangent in the composite material based on the conventional polymer material is relaxed.
- Polymer material There is no particular limitation on the polymer material, but polyimide, silicone resin, fluoropolymer, polyurethane, acrylic resin, polycarbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, epoxy resin, nylon, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, polystyrene, polylactic acid, various Engineering plastics, natural rubber (NR), synthetic rubber and the like are preferable, and natural rubber and synthetic rubber are more preferable.
- Examples of synthetic rubbers include isoprene rubber, butadiene rubber, styrene / butadiene rubber, ethylene / propylene rubber (EPDM), chloroprene rubber, acrylic rubber, chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber, urethane rubber, silicone rubber, butyl rubber (IIR), and nitrile.
- Examples thereof include rubber (NBR), fluorine rubber, ethylene vinyl acetate rubber, and epichlorohydrin rubber (ECO), and ethylene / propylene rubber, butyl rubber, and nitrile rubber are preferable.
- These polymer materials may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- the polymer material from the viewpoint of the mechanical properties of the resulting composite material is preferably crosslinked.
- a well-known method can be used.
- Examples of the conductive filler include metal particles (including powder) such as gold, silver, copper, and aluminum, and fibrous materials, carbon materials, conductive ceramics, and the like, preferably carbon materials and metal materials.
- Examples of carbon materials include conductive carbon blacks such as graphite, acetylene black, and ketjen black; fullerenes; carbon fibers such as carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, carbon nanohorns, graphene, and vapor grown carbon fibers. Is carbon fiber. Any metal material having electrical conductivity can be used.
- the composite material of the present invention is within the range that does not impair the effects of the present invention, in addition to the above-described polymer material and conductive filler, various additives (pigments, stabilizers, plasticizers, etc.), crosslinking agents, crosslinking aids, crosslinking Accelerators and inorganic fillers may be included.
- an inorganic filler When an inorganic filler is added, the content of the composite material obtained is preferably 0 to 200 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the polymer material from the viewpoint of mechanical properties and weight.
- the average diameter of the aggregate of conductive fillers is 1 ⁇ m or more.
- the average distance between the aggregates is 10 nm to 30 ⁇ m.
- the average diameter and average distance of the preferred aggregate vary depending on the type of polymer material and conductive filler used. For example, butyl rubber, nitrile rubber or natural rubber is used as the polymer material, and carbon fiber is used as the conductive filler.
- the average diameter of the aggregates is preferably 1 to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 to 6 ⁇ m, and the average distance between the aggregates is preferably 100 nm to 20 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
- the average diameter of the aggregates in the composite material and the average distance between the aggregates are determined by the following procedure.
- microtome cut out a 5 ⁇ m thick section from the composite material.
- the composite material is in the form of a film, it is cut out so that the thickness direction of the slice is substantially perpendicular to the thickness direction of the composite material. If the composite material is too large and cannot be cut directly with a microtome, it may be cut into an appropriate size using a razor blade or the like and then processed with a microtome. If the composite material is too soft and cannot be cut as it is, the composite material may be frozen using liquid nitrogen and then processed by a microtome.
- the prepared slices were observed with a transmission microscope at a magnification of 500 times, and the aggregates in the field of view were measured for the short diameter and the distance between adjacent aggregates. Find the average distance between aggregates.
- the preferable addition amount of the conductive filler for forming the aggregate varies depending on the type of the polymer material used as the matrix and the shape of the conductive filler used. For example, when carbon fiber having an average fiber diameter of 1 to 100 nm and an average fiber length of about 0.5 to 50 ⁇ m is added as a conductive filler using butyl rubber, nitrile rubber or natural rubber as the polymer material, 100 mass of the polymer material is used. The amount is preferably 1 to 25 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 10 parts by mass with respect to parts.
- the average particle diameter, average fiber diameter, and average fiber length of the conductive filler are obtained by observing the conductive filler with an electron microscope and arithmetically averaging the fiber diameter and fiber length measured for about 100 conductive fillers. Obtained by.
- the method for controlling the diameter and distance of the aggregate is not particularly limited.
- a structure that divides the aggregate and the aggregate is arranged in the matrix.
- examples of such a structure include a crosslinked structure of the polymer material, an inorganic dielectric filler, and a phase separation structure of the polymer material.
- the crosslinking conditions are not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected so that the size and distance of the aggregates are in the above ranges.
- a crosslinking agent such as sulfur, sulfur compound, organic peroxide, amine compound, metal oxide, preferably sulfur Or it can bridge
- the amount added is preferably 1 to 4 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer material.
- crosslinking aids such as zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, stearic acid and amines, and crosslinking accelerators such as thiazoles and thiuram disulfides can be used.
- the organic peroxide that can be used as the crosslinking agent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include dialkyl such as dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (t-butylperoxy) hexane.
- DCP dicumyl peroxide
- peroxyketals such as 1,1-bis (t-butylperoxy) 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 1,1-bis (t-hexylperoxy) 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, etc. Is mentioned.
- Dicumyl peroxide and 1,1-bis (t-butylperoxy) 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane are preferred.
- the amount added is preferably 0.5 to 3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer material.
- the inorganic dielectric filler used for controlling the aggregate is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include barium titanate, strontium titanate, calcium titanate, titanium oxide, and insulating carbon, preferably barium titanate. Titanium oxide, more preferably titanium oxide.
- the particle size and addition amount of the inorganic dielectric filler vary depending on the type of polymer material, conductive filler and inorganic dielectric filler used, and the amount of conductive filler.
- conductive filler and inorganic dielectric filler used, and the amount of conductive filler.
- the inorganic dielectric filler is preferably 5 nm to 100 nm, more preferably 10 to 20 nm, and the addition amount is preferably 0.5 to 200 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer material. Part.
- the polymer material has a sea-island structure.
- the polymer material used in this case is not particularly limited as long as it is a combination of two or more polymer materials that are incompatible with each other.
- natural rubber and nitrile rubber nylon 6 and styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer , Nylon 6 and polystyrene, polypropylene and ethylene propylene rubber, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polylactic acid (PLLA), polylactic acid and polybutylene succinate (PBS), etc., preferably natural rubber and nitrile rubber Combinations are mentioned.
- the dispersed particle size of the island phase varies depending on the size of the conductive filler to be used. For example, when vapor-grown carbon fiber having a fiber diameter of several tens of nm and a fiber length of several ⁇ m is used, it is preferably 1 to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably Is 2 to 4 ⁇ m.
- a polymer material weighed in advance, a conductive filler, and other components as necessary can be kneaded using various mixers, kneaders, rolls, and the like.
- a wet method can be used. That is, the polymer material is previously dissolved or dispersed in a solvent so as to be 3 to 20% by mass.
- the polymer material may be finely divided in advance by a method such as freeze pulverization.
- the two polymer material liquids are separated even if all the polymer materials are dissolved or dispersed in one liquid. And then mixed.
- the crosslinking agent and, if necessary, a crosslinking aid and a crosslinking accelerator are dissolved or dispersed together with the polymer material.
- the conductive filler is dispersed in the same solvent in which the polymer material is dissolved or dispersed so that the carbon fiber is 500 mass ppm to 1 mass% with respect to 100 mass parts of the dispersion medium.
- a liquid in which a conductive filler is dispersed is added to the liquid of the polymer material, and after the filler is dispersed, the solvent is removed from the mixture.
- a polymer is prepared by dispersing the inorganic dielectric filler in the same solvent as the conductive filler dispersion so as to be 500 ppm by mass to 1% by mass. Add to material liquid.
- the method for dispersing the filler in the liquid is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method using a homogenizer.
- the composite material can be appropriately formed and used.
- molding There is no restriction
- the cross-linking is performed after removing the solvent.
- the crosslinking method include photocrosslinking and thermal crosslinking, preferably thermal crosslinking.
- thermal crosslinking the temperature and time are not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected according to the type of polymer material used. For example, when a rubber having a carbon-carbon double bond such as natural rubber, butyl rubber, or nitrile rubber is crosslinked, it is preferably at 110 to 150 ° C. for 15 to 30 minutes. Thermal crosslinking can be performed simultaneously with the molding process.
- the composite material B of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has at least two conductive layers and an insulating layer inserted between the conductive layers.
- conductive layer / insulating layer / conductive A three-layer structure of layers can be formed.
- the addition amount of the conductive filler contained in the conductive layer varies depending on the type of the polymer material used as the matrix and the shape of the conductive filler used. For example, when carbon fiber having an average fiber diameter of 1 to 100 nm and an average fiber length of about 0.5 to 50 ⁇ m is added as a conductive filler using butyl rubber, nitrile rubber or natural rubber as the polymer material, 100 mass of the polymer material is used. The amount is preferably 1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 20 parts by mass with respect to parts. When the addition amount of the conductive filler is within the above range, contact between the conductive fillers is sufficiently obtained, and the conductivity of the conductive layer is enhanced. In addition, there is no possibility that the conductive filler penetrates the insulating layer, and a composite material rich in flexibility can be obtained.
- the conductive filler is not necessarily present uniformly, and may be partially agglomerated or the packing density may be changed in the thickness direction.
- the thickness of the conductive layer is 1 ⁇ m or more.
- the preferred thickness of the conductive layer is preferably 0.1 to 10 mm, more preferably 0.2 to 2 mm.
- the insulating layer includes a polymer material as a matrix.
- the kind of the polymer material may be the same as or different from that used in the conductive layer.
- the polymer material used for the insulating layer may be cross-linked or may not be cross-linked.
- the insulating layer may contain a conductive filler as long as conductivity does not occur. When the insulating layer includes a conductive filler, the distribution of the conductive filler is not necessarily uniform.
- the thickness of the insulating layer is 10 nm to 30 ⁇ m, preferably 100 nm to 20 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 to 10 ⁇ m.
- a material such as a conductive filler is contained in the polymer matrix, and is appropriately formed into a film to form a conductive layer.
- a solution obtained by dissolving or dispersing a polymer material for forming an insulating layer in a solvent is applied to the conductive layer, and then the solvent is removed.
- coating A well-known method can be used. Examples of the coating method include a bar coater method, a spin coater, and screen printing.
- a conductive layer is further stacked on the surface on which the insulating layer is formed, and is pressed to form a composite material.
- an insulating layer is formed in advance as a self-supporting film and this film is sandwiched between conductive layers and pressure-bonded.
- the addition amount of the conductive filler is 1 with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer material so that the relative dielectric constant with respect to the AC voltage of 100 Hz is 30 or more and the dielectric loss tangent is 3 or less.
- a composite material selected in the range of ⁇ 25 parts by mass and having a conductive filler dispersed in a polymer material.
- Composite material C is a material in which a conductive filler is dispersed in a polymer material. However, since a predetermined amount of conductive filler is usually gathered in an aggregate, the conductive filler is dispersed in the polymer material.
- the material formed is mainly a material in which aggregates of conductive fillers are dispersed in a polymer material, but is a material in which conductive fillers are dispersed in a polymer material by a known method. Is also included. For example, a composite material in which carbon nanotubes are dispersed alone in a polymer material is also included.
- ⁇ Method for producing composite material C> In the manufacturing method of the composite material C, the manufacturing method described above can be used as appropriate. That is, for example, the relative permittivity and dielectric loss tangent may be adjusted by using the above-described ⁇ aggregate control> method.
- the composite material of the present invention is a material in which the degree of increase in dielectric loss tangent is reduced with respect to the increase in relative permittivity associated with the amount of conductive filler added.
- the dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent are also a material having regularity that increases almost monotonically according to the amount of conductive filler added (however, the amount of conductive filler added is constant). If it exceeds the limit, the conductive path is formed by contact between the conductive fillers, so that the increase in the dielectric loss tangent increases, and the method for suppressing the increase in the dielectric loss tangent increases the monotonous increase in the dielectric loss tangent.
- the addition amount of the conductive filler that achieves the desired relative dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent within the range defined in the composite material C. Can be determined.
- the adjustment and control of dielectric characteristics can also be performed by other methods (for example, adjustment of kneading conditions).
- the trade-off relationship between the relative permittivity and the dielectric loss tangent in the composite material based on the conventional polymer material is loose, and compared with the composite material based on the conventional polymer material.
- the dielectric constant is high and the dielectric loss is low.
- the polymer material can be used as a matrix, various physical properties can be imparted. For example, when an elastomer such as rubber is used as the polymer material, it has flexibility. Therefore, the effect can be widely expected in various applications that require these characteristics, for example, applications that enable efficient transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves as a dielectric layer disposed between electrodes when transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves.
- the “transmission sheet” is a member constituting a transmission unit used in a non-contact power transmission system that performs power transmission by bringing a transmission electrode and a reception electrode close to each other, and a member constituting a portion other than the electrode It is.
- the “sheet” in the “transmission sheet” is merely used as an expression indicating a shape that can be generally used, and is not limited to a thin and widened shape.
- the transmission sheet of the present invention can be used in any transmission unit on the transmission side and reception side. Also, any type of electric field coupling method or other contactless power transmission system transmission, such as those using series resonant circuits incorporating resonance, those using parallel resonant circuits, or those using active capacitor circuits that do not use resonance. It can also be used in units. Moreover, there is no restriction
- the transmission sheet of the present invention can be used in a shape suitable for the non-contact power transmission system used. Moreover, the transmission sheet of this invention can be used in the aspect provided with another layer in the range which does not impair the effect of this invention.
- the transmission sheet of the present invention includes a composite material having a polymer material as a base material, the transmission sheet has higher flexibility and flexibility than metals and ceramics. Therefore, if the transmission electrode or the reception electrode is configured to include the transmission sheet on the electrode, the transmission sheet is deformed to match the shape even if there are irregularities or distortions on the surface of the electrode. The adhesion between the transmission sheet and the electrode is increased, and as a result, the junction capacity can be increased. Furthermore, in the configuration provided with the transmission sheet on the electrode, it can be deformed so as to match the surface shape of the counterpart electrode when brought into contact (contact) with the counterpart electrode during power transmission, and as a result, The junction capacity can be increased.
- the transmission sheet of the present invention is used, a wide contact (adhesion) area can be secured by deformation of the transmission sheet, and as a result, a high junction capacity can be obtained. Furthermore, the transmission sheet of the present invention is inexpensive and excellent in moldability.
- the transmission sheet according to the first embodiment of the present invention is made of any one of the composite materials A to C.
- the transmission sheet of the first embodiment has a high capacitance even when a low dielectric insulating layer such as a housing is provided on the transmission sheet, and enables high output.
- the thickness of the transmission sheet of the first embodiment is preferably 0.1 to 10 mm. If it is within this range, strength as a self-supporting film can be obtained, and good adhesion can be obtained. Furthermore, the volume of the transmission device does not become large and heavy, and the junction capacity is reduced. This is because a sufficient transmission capability is easily obtained.
- the transmission sheet of the first embodiment includes the type of polymer material and whether it is cross-linked, the type of conductive filler, the morphology of the conductive filler (the diameter of the aggregate and the distance between the aggregates) and its concentration,
- the characteristics of the transmission sheet can be adjusted and controlled according to production conditions such as the presence or absence of an inorganic conductive filler. Moreover, you may adjust and control by a well-known method. Configuration of a transmission unit including this transmission sheet according to customer requirements (for example, whether a transmission sheet is provided directly on an electrode, an insulating layer between them, or a protective film is provided on the transmission sheet).
- a transmission sheet having characteristics (conductivity, relative dielectric constant, and dielectric loss tangent) suitable for the above can be used.
- the transmission sheet according to the second embodiment of the present invention includes the functional composite material layer according to the first embodiment and the first insulating layer in this order.
- the first insulating layer may be provided on both surfaces of the functional composite material layer.
- the thickness of the functional composite material layer is preferably 0.1 to 10 mm. If it is within this range, strength as a self-supporting film can be obtained, and good adhesion can be obtained. Furthermore, the volume of the transmission device does not become large and heavy, and the junction capacity is reduced. This is because a sufficient transmission capability is easily obtained.
- the material of the first insulating layer is not particularly limited as long as it is an insulating material (volume specific resistivity is 1 ⁇ 10 10 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more) and does not impair adhesion.
- an insulating material volume specific resistivity is 1 ⁇ 10 10 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more
- polyimide, Silicone resin, fluoropolymer, polyurethane, acrylic resin, polycarbonate, polyolefin resin such as polyethylene / polypropylene, polyester, epoxy resin, nylon, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, polystyrene, vinyl chloride, polylactic acid, various engineering plastics, natural rubber (NR), synthetic rubber and the like are preferable.
- Examples of synthetic rubbers include isoprene rubber, butadiene rubber, styrene / butadiene rubber, ethylene / propylene rubber (EPDM), chloroprene rubber, acrylic rubber, chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber, urethane rubber, silicone rubber, butyl rubber (IIR), and nitrile.
- Examples include rubber (NBR), fluoro rubber, ethylene vinyl acetate rubber, and epichlorohydrin rubber (ECO).
- natural rubber, EPDM, polyethylene, polypropylene, ABS resin, nylon, PET, PTFE, polyimide, vinyl chloride, and polystyrene can be used.
- the thickness of the first insulating layer is preferably 5 ⁇ m to 5 mm. When the thickness is less than 5 ⁇ m, the strength is reduced, and when it exceeds 5 mm, the bonding capacity is reduced.
- the transmission sheet of the second embodiment is obtained by combining the first insulating layer, and the type of the polymer material, whether it is cross-linked, the type of the conductive filler, the morphology of the conductive filler, its concentration, inorganic
- the characteristics of the transmission sheet, the relative dielectric constant at the target frequency, and the dielectric loss tangent can be adjusted and controlled depending on the production conditions such as the presence or absence of the conductive filler.
- the “transmission unit” is a transmission unit used in a non-contact power transmission system that performs power transmission by bringing a transmission electrode and a reception electrode close to each other, and is a member composed of an electrode and a transmission sheet.
- the shape of the “transmission unit” is not limited.
- the transmission unit of the present invention can be used as a transmission unit on either the transmission side or the reception side. Also, any type of electric field coupling method or other contactless power transmission system transmission, such as a series resonant circuit incorporating resonance, a circuit using a parallel resonant circuit, or an active capacitor circuit that does not use resonance. It can also be used in units. Moreover, there is no restriction
- the transmission unit of the present invention can be used in a shape suitable for the non-contact power transmission system used. In addition, the transmission unit of the present invention can be used in a mode including other layers as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a transmission unit according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- a transmission unit 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention is a transmission unit used in a non-contact power transmission system that performs power transmission by bringing a transmission electrode and a reception electrode close to each other, and includes an electrode 1 and a functional composite material layer. 2 in order.
- the functional composite material layer 2 can be made of any of the composite materials A to C.
- the functional composite material layer 2 provided on the electrode 1 of the transmission unit 100 is made of a composite material based on a polymer material, it has higher flexibility and flexibility than metals and ceramics. Therefore, even if irregularities or distortions exist on the surface of the electrode 1, the functional composite material layer 2 is deformed so as to match the shape thereof, so that the adhesion between the functional composite material layer 2 and the electrode 1 is high. As a result, the junction capacitance is increased. Furthermore, when contacting (adhering) with the other electrode during power transmission, it can be deformed to match the surface shape of the other electrode, resulting in a higher junction capacity.
- the thickness of the functional composite material layer 2 is preferably 0.1 to 10 mm. If it is within this range, strength as a self-supporting film can be obtained, and good adhesion can be obtained. Furthermore, the volume of the transmission device does not become large and heavy, and the junction capacity is reduced. This is because a sufficient transmission capability is easily obtained.
- the shape of the electrode 1 is not particularly limited.
- any material can be used for the electrode 1 as long as it has conductivity.
- a transparent electrode such as ITO, a metal foil, and a film on which various metals are deposited can be used.
- a conductive material containing a polymer material as a base material and containing a conductivity imparting agent (conductive filler) can be used as a material for the electrode. Since such a material has flexibility, it can be used for an electrode that requires flexibility. In addition, since the functional composite material layer also has flexibility, the entire transmission unit can be flexible by combining with an electrode made of such a material.
- the transmission unit according to the first embodiment may include a first insulating layer on the functional composite material layer 2.
- a protective film on the functional composite material layer for the purpose of improving durability during use, and the first insulating layer has a function as the protective film.
- the first insulating layer itself has a function as a dielectric layer of the coupling capacitor. It can be said that the first insulating layer is a model of the housing.
- a method of directly coating the surface of the transmitting electrode with a very thin film of about 50 ⁇ m or less and bringing the receiving electrode into close contact therewith can be considered. .
- a flexible functional composite material layer can be provided on the electrode, and a protective film (first insulating layer) can be provided on the functional composite material layer. Decline is avoided.
- the material of the first insulating layer is not particularly limited as long as it is an insulating polymer (volume specific resistivity is 1 ⁇ 10 10 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more), and polyimide, silicone resin, fluoropolymer, polyurethane, acrylic Preferred are resin, polycarbonate, polyolefin resin such as polyethylene / polypropylene, polyester, epoxy resin, nylon, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, polystyrene, vinyl chloride, polylactic acid, various engineering plastics, natural rubber (NR), and synthetic rubber. .
- Examples of synthetic rubbers include isoprene rubber, butadiene rubber, styrene / butadiene rubber, ethylene / propylene rubber (EPDM), chloroprene rubber, acrylic rubber, chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber, urethane rubber, silicone rubber, butyl rubber (IIR), and nitrile.
- Examples include rubber (NBR), fluoro rubber, ethylene vinyl acetate rubber, and epichlorohydrin rubber (ECO).
- natural rubber, EPDM, polyethylene, polypropylene, ABS resin, nylon, PET, PTFE, polyimide, vinyl chloride, and polystyrene can be used.
- the thickness of the first insulating layer is preferably 5 ⁇ m to 5 mm. This is because within this range, the strength of the insulating layer can be maintained, the junction capacity is hardly reduced, and sufficient transmission capability can be easily obtained.
- the transmission unit according to the first embodiment may include a second insulating layer between the electrode 1 and the functional composite material layer 2.
- This second insulating layer can serve as a dielectric layer.
- the first insulating layer and / or the second insulating layer can serve as a dielectric layer.
- the material of the second insulating layer As the material of the second insulating layer, the material of the first insulating layer and a cyanoacrylate adhesive such as ethyl cyanoacrylate can be used.
- the adhesive include cyanoacrylate-based adhesives such as ethyl cyanoacrylate, or adhesives such as epoxy resin-based, silicone-based, styrene-butadiene rubber solution-based, and aqueous polymer-isocyanate-based adhesives.
- the thickness of the second insulating layer is preferably 5 ⁇ m to 5 mm. When the thickness is less than 5 ⁇ m, the strength decreases, and when it exceeds 5 mm, the bonding capacity decreases.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of an example of a transmission unit according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the transmission unit 200 of the second embodiment is a transmission unit used in a non-contact power transmission system that performs power transmission by bringing a transmission electrode and a reception electrode close to each other, and includes an electrode 1, a functional composite material layer 2, The first insulating layer 3 is provided in order.
- the functional composite material layer 2 may be made of the composite materials A to C described above.
- the transmission unit of the second embodiment is characterized in that the first insulating layer is provided as an essential component.
- the composite material constituting the functional composite material layer includes other polymer material and conductive filler, as well as a crosslinking agent, a crosslinking aid, a crosslinking accelerator, and an inorganic dielectric. May be included.
- the electrode 1 can be the same as that of the transmission unit of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 shows a configuration in which a functional composite material layer 2, a PTFE film (first insulating layer) 3, and an electrode 21 made of copper are sequentially provided on an electrode 1 made of SUS.
- the configuration composed of the SUS electrode 1, the functional composite material layer 2, and the first insulating layer 3 corresponds to one transmission unit 300 in the electric field coupling type non-contact power transmission system.
- the functional composite material layer 2 corresponds to the “transmission sheet” of the first embodiment of the present invention
- the “transmission sheet” of the second embodiment of the present invention corresponds to the “transmission sheet” of the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the transmission unit according to the second embodiment may include a second insulating layer between the electrode 1 and the functional composite material layer 2.
- This second insulating layer can serve as a dielectric layer. Therefore, the functional composite material layer 2 and the second insulating layer are combined and function as a dielectric layer.
- the first insulating layer and / or the second insulating layer can serve as the dielectric layer, so that the functional composite material layer Together with these layers, the layer functions as a dielectric layer.
- the second insulating layer for example, a material of the first insulating layer and a cyanoacrylate adhesive such as ethyl cyanoacrylate can be used.
- the adhesive include cyanoacrylate-based adhesives such as ethyl cyanoacrylate, or adhesives such as epoxy resin-based, silicone-based, styrene-butadiene rubber solution-based, and aqueous polymer-isocyanate-based adhesives.
- the thickness of the second insulating layer is preferably 5 ⁇ m to 5 mm. This is because within this range, the strength of the insulating layer can be maintained, the junction capacity is hardly reduced, and sufficient transmission capability can be easily obtained.
- the combination of the transmission side configuration and the reception side configuration in the non-contact power transmission system using the transmission sheet or the transmission unit of the present invention includes, for example, an electrode / functional composite material layer, an electrode / 4 types of functional composite material layer / first insulating layer /, electrode / second insulating layer / functional composite material layer, electrode / second insulating layer / functional composite material layer / first insulating layer, receiving side configuration Electrode only, electrode / second insulating layer, electrode / functional composite material layer, electrode / functional composite material layer / first insulating layer /, electrode / second insulating layer / functional composite material layer, electrode / second If six types of insulating layer / functional composite material layer / first insulating layer are used, 24 types of combinations are possible, but the combinations are not limited to these.
- the characteristics of the composite material and the material constituting the functional composite material layer of the present invention are described in the description of the amount of conductive filler added, the control of the aggregate of conductive filler, and other specifications. It can be adjusted and controlled by the described methods and / or known methods.
- Natural rubber (Kato Sansho Co., Ltd., trade name SMR-CV-60) Butyl rubber (trade name BUTYL268, manufactured by JSR Corporation) Nitrile rubber (NBR) (manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd., trade name: ND4050)
- Vapor growth carbon fiber product name VGCF (registered trademark) -X, manufactured by Showa Denko KK, average fiber diameter 10-15 nm, average fiber length 3 ⁇ m
- Sulfur powder (chemical use)
- Dicumyl peroxide special grade reagent
- Zinc oxide (special grade reagent)
- Stearic acid (special grade reagent) Tetrakis (2-ethylhexyl) thiuram disulfide (Ouchi Shinsei Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name Noxeller TOT-N) Titanium oxide (made by Showa Titanium Co., Ltd., trade name Super Titania (registered trademark)
- the relative dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent of the composite materials obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples were determined as values measured by an average of four points using an LCR meter. Unless otherwise specified, the measurement was performed at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a frequency of 100 Hz. The membrane area was 25 mm ⁇ .
- the measurement of the average diameter of the aggregates of the conductive fillers in the composite materials produced in Examples and Comparative Examples and the average distance between the aggregates were performed by the following procedure.
- the obtained composite material was cut into a width of 0.5 mm and a length of 3 mm using a razor blade. Using an ultramicrotome (trade name EM-FCS, manufactured by LEICA), this was cut into 5 ⁇ m-thick sections so that the direction perpendicular to the main surface of the composite material before cutting was the observation surface.
- the obtained sections were observed with a transmission microscope, and the diameter of the vapor-grown carbon fiber aggregate and the distance between the aggregates were measured.
- Example 1-1 to 1-6 To 174 g of toluene, 20 g of butyl rubber as a polymer material, 4 g of sulfur powder as a crosslinking agent, 10 g of zinc oxide and 2 g of stearic acid as a crosslinking aid, and 3 g of tetrakis (2-ethylhexyl) thiuram disulfide as a crosslinking accelerator were added and dissolved. (Polymer liquid). Further, 0.03 g of vapor-grown carbon fiber as a conductive filler was added to 104 g of toluene and dispersed using a homogenizer (carbon liquid).
- a carbon liquid was added to the polymer liquid weighed 28.5 g each so that the amount of conductive filler shown in Table 1 was added, and the conductive filler was dispersed using a homogenizer.
- the obtained dispersion was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours, toluene was removed in a vacuum dryer at 80 ° C., and then kneaded with three rolls at 100 ° C. to obtain a rubber composition.
- a square metal frame having a height of 0.3 mm and an inner dimension of 100 mm in length and 100 mm in width and having no top and bottom surfaces was prepared and placed on a stainless plate larger than the metal frame.
- An amount of rubber composition corresponding to the inner volume of the metal frame was placed inside the metal frame, and a stainless steel plate was further stacked on the metal frame and installed in a compression molding machine. After pressurizing at a pressure of 20 MPa and a temperature of 100 ° C. for 5 minutes, the temperature was raised to 160 ° C. while maintaining the pressure, and held for 25 minutes to crosslink the butyl rubber to obtain composite materials 1-1 to 1-6.
- Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-3 The amount of the conductive filler in the rubber composition is 0 part by mass (0 phr), 0.5 part by mass (0.5 phr), 0.75 part by mass (0.75 phr) per 100 parts by mass of the polymer material, respectively. Comparative composite materials 1-1 to 1-3 were obtained in the same manner as in Examples 1-1 to 1-6 except that the above was achieved.
- FIG. 5 shows the results of measuring the electrical conductivity by applying a voltage to the composite materials obtained in Examples 1-1 to 1-6 and the comparative composite materials obtained in Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-3. .
- the measurement was performed by applying a voltage of 10 V to the composite materials of Examples 1-1 to 1-6 and the comparative composite material of Comparative Example 1-3. Since the comparative composite materials of Comparative Example 1-1 and Comparative Example 1-2 had high insulating properties and could not be measured by applying a voltage of 10 V, measurement was performed by applying a voltage of 600 V. As shown in FIG.
- Example 2-1 A rubber composition was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-3.
- the obtained rubber composition was molded and crosslinked in the same manner as in Example 1-3, except that the crosslinking temperature was 140 ° C., to obtain a composite material 2-1.
- Table 2 shows the measurement results of relative permittivity and dielectric loss tangent.
- Example 2-2 A composite material 2-2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the temperature at the time of crosslinking was 150 ° C. The composite material 2-2 appeared black by visual observation. Table 2 shows the measurement results of relative permittivity and dielectric loss tangent.
- Comparative Example 2-1 A comparative composite material 2-1 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2-1, except that pressurization with a compression molding machine was performed at 100 ° C. for 25 minutes. However, the mechanical properties were very weak, and the form was maintained. It was a difficult material, a test sample could not be obtained, and the relative dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent could not be measured.
- Comparative Example 2-2 When preparing the butyl rubber solution, a comparative composite material 2-2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that no crosslinking agent, crosslinking assistant, or crosslinking accelerator was added. However, it was difficult to obtain a test sample, and the relative dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent could not be measured.
- vapor-grown carbon fiber as a conductive filler was added to 35 g of butyl acetate and dispersed with a homogenizer (carbon liquid).
- the obtained rubber composition was molded and crosslinked in the same manner as in Example 2-1, except that the crosslinking time was 20 minutes, to obtain a composite material 3-1.
- Table 3 shows the measurement results of dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent.
- Example 3-2 A composite material 3-2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3-1, except that a liquid obtained by dispersing 0.06 g of titanium oxide in 35 g of butyl acetate was added to the mixed rubber solution instead of 35 g of butyl acetate.
- Table 3 shows the measurement results of relative permittivity and dielectric loss tangent.
- Example 3-3 A composite material 3-3 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3-2 except that the amount of titanium oxide dispersed in 35 g of butyl acetate was changed to 0.09 g. Table 3 shows the measurement results of relative permittivity and dielectric loss tangent.
- Example 3-4 A composite material 3-4 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3-2 except that the amount of titanium oxide dispersed in 35 g of butyl acetate was changed to 0.12 g. Table 3 shows the measurement results of relative permittivity and dielectric loss tangent.
- Table 3 shows the measurement results of relative permittivity and dielectric loss tangent.
- Example 3-6 A composite material 3-6 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3-5 except that instead of 35 g of butyl acetate, a solution obtained by dispersing 0.06 g of titanium oxide in 35 g of butyl acetate was added to the mixed rubber solution. Table 3 shows the measurement results of relative permittivity and dielectric loss tangent.
- Example 3-7 A composite material 3-7 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3-6 except that the amount of titanium oxide dispersed in 35 g of butyl acetate was changed to 0.12 g. Table 3 shows the measurement results of relative permittivity and dielectric loss tangent.
- Example 3-8 A composite material 3-8 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3-1, except that a solution obtained by adding 12 g of natural rubber to 53 g of butyl acetate instead of the mixed rubber solution was used. Table 3 shows the measurement results of relative permittivity and dielectric loss tangent.
- the relative dielectric constant is high. It can be seen that the dielectric loss tangent is lowered. This is presumably because the conductive filler concentrates in the island phase, and an aggregate of conductive fillers having an appropriate size and an inter-aggregate distance is formed.
- the addition of the inorganic dielectric filler can increase the relative dielectric constant while keeping the dielectric loss tangent low. This is presumed to be because the distance between the conductive filler aggregates is appropriately maintained due to the presence of the inorganic dielectric filler.
- the obtained rubber composition was molded and crosslinked in the same manner as in Example 3-1, to obtain a comparative composite material 3.
- Table 4 shows the measurement results of relative permittivity and dielectric loss tangent.
- Example 4 In Comparative Example 3, composite material 4 was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 3, except that 2.1 g of natural rubber and 0.9 g of nitrile rubber pulverized using a freeze pulverizer were used instead of 3 g of natural rubber. .
- Table 4 shows the measurement results of relative permittivity and dielectric loss tangent.
- the composite material 4 using two kinds of incompatible rubbers as the polymer material has a low dielectric loss tangent, whereas the composite material 4 has one kind of polymer material.
- the dielectric loss tangent was high.
- the dielectric loss tangent is low in the composite material 2-2 and the composite material 4 in which aggregates of conductive fillers having appropriate diameters are formed at appropriate distances.
- Example 5 A rubber composition was molded in the same manner as in Example 2-1, except that the crosslinking condition was 160 ° C. for 20 minutes, and two conductive layers were produced.
- Natural rubber and 1 part by weight of dicumyl peroxide with respect to 100 parts by weight of natural rubber were dissolved in propyl acetate, and a solution containing 3% by weight of natural rubber was applied to each side of the conductive layer. Dry at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- This composite material 5 had a relative dielectric constant of 563 and a dielectric loss tangent of 0.75.
- FIG. 8A shows the result of applying a voltage to the obtained composite material 5 and measuring the leakage current.
- Comparative Example 4 Comparative composite material 4 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the natural rubber solution was not applied to the surface of the conductive layer. Similarly to Example 5, the result of measuring the leakage current by applying a voltage to the comparative composite material 4 is shown in FIG.
- the composite material 5 of the present invention has a high withstand voltage and a small leakage current.
- Example 6-1 to 6-4 Transmission unit in electric field coupling type wireless power feeding system (non-contact power transmission system) with composite materials 3-1 to 3-4 produced in Examples 3-1 to 3-4 sandwiched between the metal electrodes The characteristics when used as were investigated.
- two sets of metal electrodes 14 including a transmission side electrode 14 a and a reception side electrode 14 b, and a reception coil 15 connected to a digital oscilloscope 16.
- the composite material 3-1 to 3-4 produced in Examples 3-1 to 3-4 is used as the dielectric 17 to which the transmission / reception sheet is coupled.
- the transmitter 12, the transmitter coil 13, the transmitter electrode 14a, the receiver electrode 14b, and the receiver coil 5 were each connected to the ground 11. Transmission was performed at 100 kHz and 16 V from the transmitter 112, and the voltage on the secondary side of the receiving coil 15 was measured with a digital oscilloscope 16 (load resistance 200 ⁇ ).
- the output voltage of the electric field coupling type transmission unit depends on the relative dielectric constant of the material used as the dielectric to which the transmission / reception transmission sheet is coupled, and is high when the composite material of the present invention having a high relative dielectric constant is used. It can be seen that the output voltage can be obtained.
- Example 7 A structure in which a layer made of the composite material of the present invention (functional composite material layer) and an electrode made of copper are sequentially provided on an electrode made of SUS, and an AC voltage is applied to make it dielectric (relative dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent).
- the results of measuring are shown in Table 7 and Table 8.
- the thickness (mm) in the table indicates the layer thickness of the functional composite material layer.
- the data of VGCF-X added in Tables 7 and 8 for 1 phr, 8 phr, and 10 phr are shown for reference and are not examples of the present invention.
- NR natural polymer
- NBR nitrile rubber
- VGCF-X registered trademark, manufactured by Showa Denko KK
- 4 phr of TiO 2 as the inorganic conductive filler and 1 phr of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as the cross-linking agent were kneaded, rolled, and compression molded to form a layer having a thickness of about 0.9 mm.
- the functional composite material layer was prepared by adding VGCF-X at 1.5 phr, 2 phr, 4 phr, and 6 phr.
- the SUS electrode was 2 mm thick and the copper electrode was 1 mm.
- the size of the SUS electrode was 13 cm ⁇ 13 cm, and the other layers and electrodes were 10 cm ⁇ 10 cm.
- the film area of the functional composite material layer was 10 cm ⁇ 10 cm. The measurement was performed using an LCR measuring apparatus at an applied voltage of 1 V, an AC frequency of 100 Hz, 1 kHz, 10 kHz, 600 kHz, and 1 MHz.
- the transmission unit or the transmission sheet of the present invention it is possible to perform efficient power transmission by selecting the addition amount of the conductive filler suitable for the non-contact power transmission system using such characteristics of the composite material of the present invention. It becomes possible.
- the person skilled in the art determines the addition amount of the conductive filler suitable for the non-contact power transmission system by obtaining in advance the relationship (regularity) between the addition amount of the conductive filler and the relative dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent. Can do.
- FIG. 10 shows the relationship between the AC frequency (1 V applied) and the output for each amount of conductive filler added in Example 7.
- a structure in which a polyimide film layer (thickness: 0.015 mm) is sandwiched between electrodes instead of the functional composite material layer is shown.
- the output tends to increase as the amount of VGCF-X added increases.
- the polyimide film layer is very thin with a thickness of 0.015 mm
- the functional composite material layer of the present invention has a thickness of about 0.9 mm, which is 60 times the thickness of the polyimide film layer.
- High cushioning This high cushioning property also improves the adhesion to the receiving side.
- the functional composite material layer of the present invention is used, not only high output but also high cushioning properties (high adhesion) can be imparted.
- Example 7 The kneading in Example 7 when VGCF-X was 2 phr was performed at a kneading temperature of 60 ° C., a rotation speed of 50 rpm, and a kneading time of 3 minutes.
- the relative dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent were 7.98 and 0.26, respectively.
- the relative dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent were 6.35 and 0.16, respectively.
- the relative dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent were 4.52 and 0.0789, respectively.
- the kneading temperature is 120 ° C.
- the kneading time is 5 minutes
- the rotation speed is 15 rpm
- the relative dielectric constant and the dielectric loss tangent are 4.66 and 0.0857, respectively
- the kneading temperature is 120 ° C. and the kneading time is 5 minutes.
- the rotational speed was 45 rpm
- the relative dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent were 4.66 and 0.0875, respectively.
- the dielectric loss tangent can be greatly reduced although the decrease in the dielectric constant is small. As a result, it is considered that the dispersion state of the conductive filler is changed and the distance between the fillers in the composite material is further increased.
- the composite material of the present invention is also used depending on the kneading conditions. And the dielectric properties of the functional composite layer can be controlled.
- Examples 8-1 to 8-4 show transmission units in which the composite material layers obtained from the results of Tables 7 and 8 are functional composite material layers.
- FIG. 4 shows the results of output inspection for each of the combinations AO and BO of the transmission side configuration and the reception side configuration in FIG. Specifically, for the functional composite material layer in the range of 2 to 6 addition amount of VGCF-X (conductive filler), the same method as in Example 6 except that the transmission voltage was 40 V and the load resistance was 200 ⁇ . The peak voltage and peak frequency were measured.
- VGCF-X conductive filler
- FIGS. 11A and 11B use a material (AO) that does not include a polyimide film layer (first insulating layer) on the functional composite material layer of the transmission side configuration, and FIG. 11 (b). And (d) used the thing (BO) provided with the polyimide film layer (1st insulating layer).
- the functional composite material layer is divided into two capacitors (type 1), whereas FIGS. 11C and 11B are used.
- a continuous functional composite material layer two types was used for two capacitors.
- FIG. 11A and 11B use a material (AO) that does not include a polyimide film layer (first insulating layer) on the functional composite material layer of the transmission side configuration
- FIG. 11 (b) used the thing (BO) provided with the polyimide film layer (1st insulating layer).
- FIGS. 11A and 11B the functional composite material layer is divided into two capacitors (type 1), whereas FIGS. 11C and 11B are used.
- a continuous functional composite material layer two types was used for two
- a circle shown in the vicinity of 4 phr of 0 phr is an ABS which is a representative of a resin used for an exterior of a general household appliance, for comparison, instead of a functional composite material layer.
- the peak voltage about the structure using resin is shown.
- the circle shown in the vicinity of 10 phr of 16V is a structure using a copper sheet (thickness: 2 mm) instead of the functional composite material layer and the polyimide film layer for comparison.
- the peak voltage for is shown.
- the BO (type 1) system (b) has a polyimide layer, unlike the case where a copper sheet is used as a transmission sheet, there is no fear of electric shock or leakage. Furthermore, since the functional composite material is softer than copper, when it is commercialized, the adhesiveness with the receiving side is improved, and as a result, high output can be stably obtained.
- SUS electrode / PTFE 0.1 mm / PTFE 1.0 mm / PTFE 0.1 mm / copper electrode coupling capacitor configuration (Comparative Example 7), SUS electrode / PTFE 0.1 mm / copper sheet 1.0 mm / PTFE 0.1 mm / copper
- An electrode coupling capacitor configuration (Comparative Example 8) and a SUS electrode / PTFE 0.1 mm / functional composite material (6 phr) sheet 1.0 mm / PTFE 0.1 mm / copper electrode coupling capacitor configuration (Example 9) were used.
- Comparative Example 7 was 1.31 V, 997 kHz, 62 pF
- Comparative Example 8 was 6.4 V, 1070 kHz, 210 pF
- Example 9 was 7.0 V, 1080 kHz, 270 pF, respectively. As described above, in the configuration of Example 9, a higher output than that of either Comparative Example 7 or Comparative Example 8 was obtained, and the capacitance was also high.
- Table 9 shows a combination of transmission units provided with the functional composite material layer of the present invention.
- the output result in the case of 1 type or 2 type is shown.
- the functional composite material layer was produced as follows. Synthetic rubber (EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene rubber); “Nodel IP4725P” (trade name) manufactured by DuPont Dow Elastomers) and conductive filler (“VGCF (registered trademark) -X” manufactured by Showa Denko KK), added A material consisting of 8 phr) was kneaded at 180 ° C. using a Brabender plastic coder. 2 phr of dicumyl peroxide was added as a crosslinking agent, kneaded with two 6-inch rolls at 100 ° C., rolled, and compression-molded (150 ° C., 20 minutes) to form a sheet having a thickness of 1 mm.
- Synthetic rubber EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene rubber); “Nodel IP4725P” (trade name) manufactured by DuPont Dow Elastomers) and conductive filler (“VGCF (registered trademark) -X” manufactured by Showa Denko KK
- This functional composite material layer had a relative dielectric constant of 150 and a dielectric loss tangent of 0.9 with respect to an AC voltage having a frequency of 100 Hz.
- the output was measured using the circuit schematically shown in FIG.
- the load resistance at the time of output measurement was 50 ⁇ .
- Transmission was performed at 6.78 MHz and 40 V from the transmitter 12, and the voltage on the secondary side of the reception side coil 15 was measured with the digital oscilloscope 16.
- the electrode used was a 1 mm thick copper plate with a nickel plated surface.
- the area of the electrode and the functional composite material layer was 50 mm ⁇ 50 mm.
- the measurement was performed under the condition of a load of 1 kg by placing the transmission unit on the transmission electrode table, sandwiching the transmission unit from the power receiving table with a load of 1 kg.
- the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer on the functional composite material layer of the transmitting side and the receiving side are made of PTFE (manufactured by DuPont) having a thickness of 0.05 mm in Examples 10-1 to 10-3. Sheets were used, and for Examples 10-4 to 10-9, 0.14 mm thick HI-PS (“PSJ Polystyrene (trade name) H0103” (MFR: 2.6 g / 10 min) manufactured by PS Japan)) A sheet was used.
- the number of sheets described in the first and second insulating layers in Table 9 indicates the number of PTFE sheets or HI-PS sheets used as the first and second insulating layers.
- Example 10 exemplifies functional composite materials of the present invention having a relative dielectric constant of 30 or more and an dielectric loss tangent of 3 or less with respect to an alternating voltage of a frequency of 100 Hz, as well as production conditions and materials thereof.
- FIG. 5 shows an output result when a combination of transmission units including a functional composite material layer is changed to type 1 or type 2 with AO and CO in FIG. 4. The output measurement was performed in the same manner as in Example 10.
- the HI-PS (0.14 mm thick) sheet used in Example 10 was used as the first and second insulating films when the combination of CO was used.
- the functional composite material layer was produced as a 2 mm sheet by compression-molding a functional composite material made of VGCF-X as a polymer material and a conductive filler using the same manufacturing method as in Example 10.
- Examples 11-1 and 11-2 use NR / NBR
- Example 11-3 uses EPDM (“Nodel IP4725P” (trade name))
- Example 11-4 uses an olefin-based material.
- a thermoplastic elastomer “Cataloy Q300F” (trade name) was used
- Example 11-5 was heat-modified polyethylene (“Toughmer DF840” (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals))
- Example 11-6 was a thermoplastic elastomer (“Sibster”).
- Example 11-2 the functional composite material layer contains TiO 2 (“Super Titania (registered trademark) F-6” (trade name) (manufactured by Showa Titanium Co., Ltd.)) as an inorganic conductive filler.
- TiO 2 Super Titania (registered trademark) F-6” (trade name) (manufactured by Showa Titanium Co., Ltd.)
- Comparative Examples 11-1 to 11-3 In place of the functional composite material layer of the present invention, the same output measurement as in Examples 11-1 to 11-6 was performed using a material having a relative dielectric constant of less than 30.
- Comparative Example 11-1 is a resin PTFE (manufactured by DuPont) sheet
- Comparative Example 11-2 is different from Example 11-3 only in the content of the conductive filler
- Comparative Example 11-3 is an example. It differs from 11-4 only in the content of the conductive filler. The thickness was 2 mm.
- Comparative Examples 11-1 to 11-3 had a relative dielectric constant of less than 30, and the obtained output was about 1 ⁇ 2 to 1/10 compared with Examples 11-1 to 11-6. .
- Example 11 shows the results of evaluating the transmission system with the combination of the transmission units having the functional composite material layers used in Examples 11-1 to 11-6 as CO (type 1) in FIG. Show. More specifically, for the transmission system in which the combination of transmission units is the CO (type 1) in FIG. 4, the circuit schematically shown in FIG. 12 is used and 10 3.5V LEDs (corresponding to a total of 1 W) are used. ) The transmission system was evaluated according to the lighting state of the LED. The electrode was a 1 mm thick 60 mm ⁇ 60 mm copper plate with a nickel plating surface. The area of the functional composite material layer was 50 mm ⁇ 50 mm, and the load was 1 kg as in Example 10.
- the HI-PS (0.14 mm thick) sheet used in Example 10 was used as the first and second insulating films when the combination of CO was used.
- transmission was performed at 6.78 MHz and 5 W (40 V) from the transmitter, and the LED was turned on via the transmission system.
- the LED lighting evaluation shown in Table 11 was determined according to the following criteria. ⁇ ; 10 LEDs glowed brightly ⁇ ; 10 LEDs were lit but darker than ⁇ ⁇ ; LED was lit unstable ⁇ : LED did not illuminate
- Comparative examples 12-1 to 12-3) Comparative examples 12-1 to 12-3 in Table 11 show the results of the LED lighting evaluation performed on the comparative examples 11-1 to 11-3 on the same basis as the examples 12-1 to 12-6. .
- (Appendix 4) The composite material according to any one of (Appendix 1) to (Appendix 3), further including an inorganic dielectric filler.
- a conductive material including a polymer material and a conductive filler, including at least two conductive layers having a thickness of 1 ⁇ m or more, and a polymer material that may be the same as or different from the conductive layer. And a composite material having an insulating layer with a thickness of 10 nm to 30 ⁇ m inserted between them.
- the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of polyimide, silicone resin, fluoropolymer, polyurethane, acrylic resin, polycarbonate, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester, epoxy resin, cyanate ester resin, natural rubber and synthetic rubber
- Conductive filler is dispersed in a polymer material, and the addition amount of the conductive filler is 1 to 25 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer material, and an AC voltage having a frequency of 100 Hz.
- (Appendix 10) The composite material according to (Appendix 9), wherein the conductive filler is a carbon material.
- Appendix 11 The composite material according to any one of (Appendix 9) or (Appendix 10), wherein the polymer material is crosslinked.
- (Appendix 12) The composite material according to any one of (Appendix 9) to (Appendix 11), wherein the polymer material includes two or more polymer materials that are not compatible with each other.
- (Appendix 13) The composite material according to any one of (Appendix 9) to (Appendix 12), further including an inorganic dielectric filler.
- (Supplementary Note 14) A transmission sheet constituting a transmission unit used in a non-contact power transmission system that performs power transmission by bringing a transmission electrode and a reception electrode close to each other, and any one of (Appendix 1) to (Appendix 8) The transmission sheet used for the non-contact electric power transmission system characterized by consisting of the composite material of description.
- a transmission sheet constituting a transmission unit used in a non-contact power transmission system that performs power transmission by bringing a transmission electrode and a reception electrode close to each other, wherein a conductive filler is dispersed in a polymer material.
- the conductive filler is added in an amount of 1 to 25 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer material, the relative dielectric constant with respect to an AC voltage having a frequency of 100 Hz is 30 or more, and the dielectric loss tangent is 3 or less.
- the transmission sheet used for the non-contact electric power transmission system characterized by comprising the composite material which is.
- Transmission sheet used for (Appendix 19) The transmission sheet used for the non-contact power transmission system according to any one of (Appendix 15) to (Appendix 18), further including an inorganic dielectric filler.
- a transmission sheet used for a non-contact power transmission system comprising a composite material having a relative dielectric constant of 30 or more with respect to an AC voltage having a frequency of 100 Hz and a dielectric loss tangent of 3 or less.
- Appendix 21 The transmission sheet used for the non-contact power transmission system according to (Appendix 20), wherein the conductive filler is a carbon material.
- Appendix 22 The transmission sheet used for the non-contact power transmission system according to (Appendix 20) or (Appendix 21), wherein the polymer material is crosslinked.
- (Appendix 23) The non-contact power transmission system according to any one of (Appendix 20) to (Appendix 22), wherein the polymer material includes two or more polymer materials that are not compatible with each other.
- Transmission sheet used for (Appendix 24) The transmission sheet used for the non-contact power transmission system according to any one of (Appendix 20) to (Appendix 23), further including an inorganic dielectric filler.
- a transmission sheet for use in a non-contact power transmission system comprising the composite material according to any one of (Appendix 1) to (Appendix 8).
- a transmission unit used in a non-contact power transmission system that performs power transmission by bringing a transmission electrode and a reception electrode close to each other, and includes an electrode and a functional composite material layer in order, and the functional composite material
- the layer is formed by dispersing a conductive filler in a polymer material, and the amount of the conductive filler added is 1 to 25 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer material.
- a transmission unit for use in a non-contact power transmission system characterized by being made of a composite material having a relative dielectric constant of 30 or more and a dielectric loss tangent of 3 or less.
- (Supplementary note 28) A transmission unit used in a non-contact power transmission system that performs power transmission by bringing a transmitting electrode and a receiving electrode close to each other, and includes an electrode and a functional composite material layer in order, and the functional composite material A transmission unit used in a non-contact power transmission system, wherein the layer is made of the composite material according to any one of (Appendix 1) to (Appendix 8).
- (Supplementary note 29) The transmission unit used for the non-contact power transmission system according to any one of (Supplementary note 27) or (Supplementary note 28), characterized in that a first insulating layer is provided on the functional composite material layer.
- (Supplementary note 30) The transmission unit used for the non-contact power transmission system according to (Supplementary note 29), wherein the first insulating layer is made of any of natural rubber, EPDM, ABS resin, and PTFE.
- (Appendix 31) The non-contact power transmission according to any one of (Appendix 27) to (Appendix 30), characterized in that a second insulating layer is provided between the electrode and the functional composite material layer. Transmission unit used in the system.
- Said 2nd insulating layer consists of cyanoacrylate adhesives, such as natural rubber, EPDM, ABS resin, PTFE, and ethyl cyanoacrylate, (Additional remark 31) characterized by the above-mentioned.
- Transmission unit used in non-contact power transmission systems. (Appendix 33) The transmission unit used in the non-contact power transmission system according to any one of (Appendix 27) to (Appendix 32), wherein the electrode is made of a conductor including an elastomer and carbon fiber. .
- a transmission unit used for the non-contact electric power transmission system which transmits electric power by making a transmitting electrode and a receiving electrode approach, Comprising: An electrode, a functional composite material layer, and a 1st insulating layer are provided in order.
- a transmission unit used for a non-contact power transmission system wherein the functional composite material layer is made of the composite material according to any one of (Appendix 1) to (Appendix 8).
- the second insulating layer is provided between the electrode and the functional composite material layer.
- the second insulating layer is made of any one of cyanoacrylate adhesives such as natural rubber, EPDM, ABS resin, PTFE, and ethyl cyanoacrylate.
- (Supplementary note 38) The transmission unit used in the non-contact power transmission system according to any one of (Appendix 34) to (Appendix 37), wherein the electrode is made of a conductor including an elastomer and carbon fiber.
- (Appendix 39) A contactless power transmission system comprising a transmission sheet used in the contactless power transmission system according to any one of (Appendix 14) to (Appendix 26).
- (Appendix 40) A contactless power transmission system comprising a transmission unit used in the contactless power transmission system according to any one of (Appendix 27) to (Appendix 38).
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2011年10月31日に日本に出願された特願2011-238968号及び2012年3月14日に日本に出願された特願2012-057956号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
非接触電力伝送システムにおいて、静電容量を高めて電力伝送効率を向上させるために、結合コンデンサにおいて電極間に誘電体層を用いることが開示されている(例えば、特許文献8)。
特に、結合コンデンサの静電容量(以下、接合容量と略す)は送信電極と受信電極との密着面積に左右されるが、両電極の密着面の面形状が合致しない場合は、面の一部のみが接触(密着)して密着面積が小さくなるために十分な静電容量が得られないという問題がある。
また、高比誘電率の層を用いないでむき出しの金属電極に直接筐体(低誘電率の絶縁層)を被覆した構成の送信電極を用いるシステムも多いが、この構成では、金属特有の剛直さのために、金属電極と筐体との接触が十分でなく、また、送信電極と受信電極との接触も十分ではないために、高出力を実現することは困難であった。
(1)高分子材料中に導電性フィラーが分散されてなり、前記導電性フィラーの添加量が前記高分子材料の100質量部に対して1~25質量部であり、周波数100Hzの交流電圧に対する比誘電率が30以上であり、かつ、誘電正接が3以下である複合材料。
(2)高分子材料と、導電性フィラーと、を含み、該導電性フィラーは、平均径が1μm以上の集合体を形成し、該集合体間の平均距離が、10nm~30μmである複合材料。
(3)高分子材料と、導電性フィラーとを含み、厚み1μm以上の導電層を少なくとも2層と、該導電層と、同じものでも異なっていてもよい高分子材料を含み、該導電層の間に挿入された厚み10nm~30μmの絶縁層とを有する複合材料。
(4)前記導電性フィラーが炭素材料である(1)~(3)のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料。
(5)前記高分子材料が架橋されている(1)~(4)のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料。
(6)前記高分子材料として、互いに相溶しない2種以上の高分子材料を含む(1~5のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料。
(7)無機誘電体フィラーをさらに含む(1)~(6)のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料。
(8)前記高分子材料がポリイミド、シリコーン樹脂、フッ素ポリマー、ポリウレタン、アクリル樹脂、ポリカーボネート、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン、ポリエステル、エポキシ樹脂、シアナートエステル樹脂、天然ゴムおよび合成ゴムからなる群より選ばれる1種以上である(1)~(7)のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料。
(9)前記高分子材料が天然ゴムである(1)~(7)のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料。
(10)前記高分子材料が合成ゴムである(1)~(7)のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料。
(11)送信電極と受信電極とを近接させることにより電力伝送を行う非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニットを構成する伝送シートであって、(1)~(10)のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料からなる、ことを特徴とする非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送シート。
(12)送信電極と受信電極とを近接させることにより電力伝送を行う非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニットを構成する伝送シートであって、機能性複合材料層と、第1絶縁層とを順に備え、前記機能性複合材料層が(1)~(10)のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料からなる、ことを特徴とする非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送シート。
(13)前記第1絶縁層の体積固有抵抗率が1x1010(Ω・cm)以上であることを特徴とする(12)に記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送シート。
(14)前記第1絶縁層が、天然ゴム、EPDM、ABS樹脂、PTFEのいずれかからなる、ことを特徴とする(12)又は(13)のいずれかに記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送シート。
(15)送信電極と受信電極とを近接させることにより電力伝送を行う非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニットであって、電極と、機能性複合材料層とを順に備え、前記機能性複合材料層が(1)~(10)のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料からなる、ことを特徴とする非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニット。
(16)前記機能性複合材料層上に第1絶縁層を備える、ことを特徴とする(15)に記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニット。
(17)前記第1絶縁層の体積固有抵抗率が1x1010(Ω・cm)以上であることを特徴とする(16)に記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニット。
(18)前記第1絶縁層が、天然ゴム、EPDM、ABS樹脂、PTFEのいずれかからなる、ことを特徴とする(16)又は(17)のいずれかに記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニット。
(19)前記電極と前記機能性複合材料層との間に第2絶縁層を備える、ことを特徴とする(15)~(18)のいずれか一項に記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニット。
(20)前記第2絶縁層の体積固有抵抗率が1x1010(Ω・cm)以上であることを特徴とする(19)に記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニット。
(21)前記第2絶縁層が、天然ゴム、EPDM、ABS樹脂、PTFE、シアノアクリル酸エチルなどのシアノアクリレート系接着剤のいずれかからなる、ことを特徴とする(19)又は(20)のいずれかに記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニット。
(22)前記電極がエラストマと炭素繊維とを含む導電体からなる、ことを特徴とする(15)~(21)のいずれか一項に記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニット。
(23)送信電極と受信電極とを近接させることにより電力伝送を行う非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニットであって、電極と、機能性複合材料層と、第1絶縁層とを順に備え、前記機能性複合材料層が(1)~(10)のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料からなる、ことを特徴とする非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニット。
(24)前記第1絶縁層の体積固有抵抗率が1x1010(Ω・cm)以上であることを特徴とする(23)に記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニット。
(25)前記第1絶縁層が、天然ゴム、EPDM、ABS樹脂、PTFEのいずれかからなる、ことを特徴とする(23)又は(24)のいずれかに記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニット。
(26)前記電極と前記機能性複合材料層との間に第2絶縁層を備える、ことを特徴とする(23)~(25)のいずれか一項に記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニット。
(27)前記第2絶縁層の体積固有抵抗率が1x1010(Ω・cm)以上であることを特徴とする(26)に記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニット。
(28)前記第2絶縁層が、天然ゴム、EPDM、ABS樹脂、PTFE、シアノアクリル酸エチルなどのシアノアクリレート系接着剤のいずれかからなる、ことを特徴とする(26)又は(27)のいずれかに記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニット。
(29)前記電極がエラストマと炭素繊維とを含む導電体からなる、ことを特徴とする(23)~(28)のいずれか一項に記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニット。
(25)(11~(13)のいずれか一項に記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送シートを備えたことを特徴とする非接触電力伝送システム。
(26)(14)~(29)のいずれか一項に記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニットを備えたことを特徴とする非接触電力伝送システム。
なお、「送信電極と受信電極とを近接させる」とは、送信電極と受信電極との間に伝送シートを介して送信電極と受信電極とを近接させる場合も含む。また、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で、送信電極と受信電極との間に他の層を含んでもよい。
本発明によれば、高静電容量であって高伝送効率を実現可能とする結合コンデンサを構成する、非接触電力伝送システムで用いる伝送ユニット及びこの伝送ユニットを構成する伝送シート、並びに、それらを備えた非接触電力伝送システムを提供できる。特に、伝送シートについては、筐体(低誘電性絶縁層)の存在下でも高出力を実現する伝送シートを提供できる。
本発明の複合材料は、下記複合材料A、複合材料B、および、複合材料Cである。
通常の誘電体は電子が移動できない材料だけからなり、また、通常の導電体は電子が移動できる材料だけからなるのに対して、本発明の複合材料は導電性部分(導電性フィラー)と誘電性部分(高分子材料)すなわち、電荷が移動できる部分と電荷が移動できない部分とからなるため、特性の制御が可能である。
これに対して、本発明の複合材料は、導電性フィラーの充填量を多くしても誘電正接の増大の程度は小さくすることも可能なため、従来の高分子材料を基材とする複合材料よりも導電性フィラーの充填量を多くすることができ、結果として、従来のものより高比誘電率とすることが可能となる。
このように、本発明の複合材料では、従来の高分子材料を基材とする複合材料における、比誘電率と誘電正接とのトレードオフの関係が緩和されている。
高分子材料としては特に制限はないが、ポリイミド、シリコーン樹脂、フッ素ポリマー、ポリウレタン、アクリル樹脂、ポリカーボネート、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエステル、エポキシ樹脂、ナイロン、スチレン-アクリロニトリル共重合体、ポリスチレン、ポリ乳酸、種々のエンジニアリングプラスチック、天然ゴム(NR)、合成ゴムなどが好ましく、天然ゴムおよび合成ゴムであることがより好ましい。合成ゴムの例としては、イソプレンゴム、ブタジエンゴム、スチレン・ブタジエンゴム、エチレン・プロピレンゴム(EPDM)、クロロプレンゴム、アクリルゴム、クロロスルホン化ポリエチレンゴム、ウレタンゴム、シリコーンゴム、ブチルゴム(IIR)、ニトリルゴム(NBR)、フッ素ゴム、エチレン酢酸ビニルゴム、およびエピクロロヒドリンゴム(ECO)が挙げられ、好ましくはエチレン・プロピレンゴム、ブチルゴムおよびニトリルゴムである。これら高分子材料は1種単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。高分子材料として、天然ゴム、ブチルゴムおよびニトリルゴムなど炭素-炭素二重結合を有するゴムや、エポキシ樹脂などの硬化性樹脂を用いる場合、得られる複合材料の機械特性などの観点から、高分子材料が架橋されていることが好ましい。架橋の方法には特に制限はなく、周知の方法を用いることができる。
導電性フィラーとしては例えば、金、銀、銅、アルミなどの金属粒子(粉体を含む)および繊維状物、炭素材料、導電性セラミクスなどが挙げられ、好ましくは炭素材料と金属材料である。炭素材料の例としては、黒鉛、アセチレンブラックおよびケッチェンブラックなどの導電性カーボンブラック;フラーレン;カーボンナノチューブ、カーボンナノファイバー、カーボンナノホーン、グラフェンおよび気相成長炭素繊維などの炭素繊維が挙げられ、好ましくは炭素繊維である。金属材料としては、導電性を有するものはすべて使用できる。
本発明の複合材料は本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で、上述の高分子材料および導電性フィラーのほか、各種添加剤(顔料、安定剤、可塑剤など)、架橋剤、架橋助剤、架橋促進剤、および無機フィラーを含んでもよい。無機フィラーを添加する場合、得られる複合材料の、機械特性や重量の観点から、その含有量は高分子材料100質量部あたり0~200質量部とすることが好ましい。また加工性、機械特性、対候性などを改善する目的で適宜公知の添加剤を含有してもよい。
<導電性フィラーの集合体>
本発明の複合材料Aにおいて、導電性フィラーの集合体の平均径は、1μm以上である。また集合体間の平均距離は、10nm~30μmである。好ましい集合体の平均径および平均距離は、用いる高分子材料や導電性フィラーの種類によっても異なるが、例えば高分子材料としてブチルゴム、ニトリルゴムまたは天然ゴムを用い、導電性フィラーとして炭素繊維を用いる場合、集合体の平均径が、好ましくは1~10μm、より好ましくは2~6μmであり、集合体間の平均距離が、好ましくは100nm~20μm、より好ましくは2μm~10μmである。集合体の平均径と平均距離とが上記範囲であると、比誘電率が大きく、誘電正接が小さい複合材料が得られる。
上記集合体の径や距離を制御する方法には特に制限はないが、例えば、集合体と集合体を分断するような構造体をマトリクス中に配置する方法が挙げられる。このような構造体としては例えば、上記高分子材料の架橋構造、無機誘電体フィラー、上記高分子材料の相分離構造などが挙げられる。
架橋の条件には特に制限はなく、集合体の大きさおよび距離が上記の範囲になるように、適宜、選択することができる。
集合体を制御するために用いる無機誘電体フィラーには特に制限はなく、例えばチタン酸バリウム、チタン酸ストロンチウム、チタン酸カルシウム、酸化チタン、絶縁性カーボンなどを挙げることができ、好ましくはチタン酸バリウム、酸化チタンであり、より好ましくは酸化チタンである。
集合体を制御するために、高分子材料の相分離構造を用いる場合、高分子材料が海島構造をとるようにすることが好ましい。この際に用いる高分子材料としては、互いに非相溶な2種以上の高分子材料の組合せであれば特に制限はなく、例として、天然ゴムとニトリルゴム、ナイロン6とスチレン-アクリロニトリル共重合体、ナイロン6とポリスチレン、ポリプロピレンとエチレンプロピレンゴム、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)とポリ乳酸(PLLA)、ポリ乳酸とポリブチレンサクシネート(PBS)などを用いることができ、好ましくは天然ゴムとニトリルゴムの組合せが挙げられる。島相の分散粒径は、用いる導電性フィラーの大きさなどによっても異なるが、例えば繊維径数十nm、繊維長数μmの気相成長炭素繊維を用いる場合、好ましくは1~10μm、より好ましくは2~4μmである。
複合材料Aの製造方法には特に制限はなく、高分子材料からなるマトリクス中に、導電性フィラーを含有させて得ることができる。
高分子材料からなるマトリクスに導電性フィラーを含有させる方法には特に制限はなく、公知の方法を用いることができる。
複合材料は、適宜成形して用いることができる。成形の方法にはとくに制限はなく、例えば圧縮成形などの方法を用いることができる。
本発明の複合材料Bは、少なくとも2層の導電層と、該導電層との間に挿入された絶縁層とを有するものであれば特に制限はないが、例えば、導電層/絶縁層/導電層の3層構造とすることができる。
導電層に含まれる導電性フィラーの添加量は、マトリクスとなる高分子材料の種類や、用いる導電性フィラーの形状によっても異なる。例えば、高分子材料としてブチルゴム、ニトリルゴムまたは天然ゴムを用いて、平均繊維径1~100nm、平均繊維長0.5~50μm程度の炭素繊維を導電性フィラーとして添加する場合、高分子材料100質量部に対し、好ましくは1~30質量部、より好ましくは1~20質量部である。導電性フィラーの添加量が上記範囲であると、導電性フィラー同士の接触が充分に得られ、導電層の導電性が高められる。また導電性フィラーが絶縁層を貫通するおそれがないほか、柔軟性に富んだ複合材料が得られる。
絶縁層は、高分子材料をマトリクスとして含む。該高分子材料の種類は、導電層で用いるものと同じであっても、違っていてもよい。また絶縁層に用いる高分子材料は、架橋されていてもよく、架橋されていなくてもよい。絶縁層は、導電性が生じない範囲で導電性フィラーを含んでいてもよい。絶縁層に導電性フィラーを含む場合、導電性フィラーの分布は、必ずしも均一でなくてもよい。
複合材料Bの製造方法には特に制限はなく、例えば、以下のようにして得られる。
複合材料Cは、周波数100Hzの交流電圧に対する比誘電率が30以上であり、かつ、誘電正接が3以下であるように、導電性フィラーの添加量を高分子材料の100質量部に対して1~25質量部の範囲で選択されて、高分子材料中に導電性フィラーが分散されてなる複合材料である。
複合材料Cの製造方法において、上述した製造方法を適宜用いることができる。すなわち、例えば、上述した<集合体の制御>の方法を用いて比誘電率及び誘電正接を調整してもよい。
本発明の複合材料は、既存の材料に比べて、導電性フィラーの添加量に伴う比誘電率の増大に対して、誘電正接の増大の程度を小さくしたものであるが、誘電正接の増大を抑制する方法を講じなければ、比誘電率及び誘電正接は導電性フィラーの添加量に応じてほぼ単調に増大するという規則性を有する材料でもある(ただし、導電性フィラーの添加量が一定量を超えると、導電性フィラー同士が接触することにより導電パスが形成されるために、誘電正接の増大が大きくなる。また、誘電正接の増大を抑制する方法を講じることにより、誘電正接の単調増大の規則性を変えることもできる。)。予め、導電性フィラーの添加量と比誘電率及び誘電正接との関係を得ておくことにより、複合材料Cに規定する範囲内の所望の比誘電率及び誘電正接となる導電性フィラーの添加量を決定することができる。なお、誘電特性(比誘電率及び誘電正接)の調整、制御は、他の方法(例えば、混練条件の調整)によって行うこともできる。
本発明の複合材料は、従来の高分子材料を基材とする複合材料における、比誘電率と誘電正接とのトレードオフの関係が緩く、従来の高分子材料を基材とする複合材料よりも比誘電率が高く、かつ、誘電損失が低いという特性を有する。また、高分子材料をマトリクスとすることができるため、種々の物性を付与することができる。例えばゴムなどのエラストマを高分子材料として用いた場合には柔軟性を有する。そのため、これら特性を必要とする様々な用途、例えば、電磁波を送受信する際の電極間に配置される誘電体層として、効率的な電磁波の送受を可能にする用途に、広く効果が望める。例えば、特開2010-16592に記載されているような、電波伝達媒体との間に挿入するインターフェースとして、あるいは電磁誘導、電磁共鳴、磁界共鳴といったワイヤレス給電を行うに際しての電磁界の安定化、出力制御に寄与する効果が望める。
本発明において「伝送シート」とは、送信電極と受信電極とを近接させることにより電力伝送を行う非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニットを構成する部材であって、電極以外の部分を構成する部材である。なお、「伝送シート」における“シート”は一般に用いられ得る形状を示す表現として用いているに過ぎず、薄く拡がった形状に限定されない。
また、本発明の伝送シートは用いられる非接触電力伝送システムに適した形状で用いることができる。
また、本発明の伝送シートは本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で、他の層を備える態様で用いることができる。
そのため、送信電極又は受信電極が当該伝送シートを電極上に備える構成とすると、電極の表面に凹凸や歪みが存在していたとしても当該伝送シートはその形状に合致するように変形するので、当該伝送シートと電極との密着性が高くなり、その結果、接合容量を高めることができる。
さらに、当該伝送シートを電極上に備えた構成では、電力伝送時に相手方の電極と接触(密着)させたときに、相手方の電極の面形状に合致するように変形することができ、その結果、接合容量を高めることができる。
例えば、むき出しの硬い金属電極上にテーブルマット等を載せてその上に携帯電話を置いて給電を行う電界結合方式の非接触電力伝送システムにおいて、携帯電話の背面が曲面である場合、金属電極及びテーブルマット(送信電極側)と携帯電話(受信電極側)とが広い面接触ではなく、点接触状になってしまう。静電容量を高くするためには接触(密着)面が広いことが重要なので、このような接触(密着)状態は望ましくない。これに対して、本発明の伝送シートを用いれば、伝送シートの変形によって広い接触(密着)面積を確保することができ、その結果、高い接合容量を得ることができる。さらに、本発明の伝送シートは安価で成型加工性に優れている。
本発明の第1の実施形態の伝送シートは、複合材料A~Cのいずれかからなるものである。
顧客の要求に合わせて、この伝送シートを含む伝送ユニットの構成(例えば、電極に直接、伝送シートを備えるのか、その間に絶縁層を備えるのか、伝送シートの上に保護膜を備えるのか、等)に適した特性(導電率、比誘電率、及び、誘電正接)を有する、伝送シートを用いることができる。
本発明の第2の実施形態の伝送シートは、第1の実施形態における機能性複合材料層と、第1絶縁層とを順に備えるものである。第1絶縁層は、機能性複合材料層の両面に設けてもよい。
本発明において「伝送ユニット」とは、送信電極と受信電極とを近接させることにより電力伝送を行う非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニットであって、電極と伝送シートとからなる部材である。なお、「伝送ユニット」の形状は限定しない。
また、本発明の伝送ユニットは用いられる非接触電力伝送システムに適した形状で用いることができる。
また、本発明の伝送ユニットは本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で、他の層を備える態様で用いることができる。
図1に、本発明の第1の実施形態である伝送ユニットの概略模式図を示す。
本発明の一実施形態である伝送ユニット100は、送信電極と受信電極とを近接させることにより電力伝送を行う非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニットであって、電極1と、機能性複合材料層2とを順に備える。
機能性複合材料層2には、複合材料A~Cのいずれかからなるものを用いることができる。
さらに、電力伝送時に相手方の電極と接触(密着)させたときに、相手方の電極の面形状に合致するように変形することができ、その結果、接合容量が高くなる。
例えば、むき出しの硬い金属電極上にテーブルマット等を載せてその上に携帯電話を置いて給電を行う電界結合方式の非接触電力伝送システムにおいて、携帯電話の背面が曲面である場合、金属電極及びテーブルマット(送信電極側)と携帯電話(受信電極側)とが広い面接触ではなく、点接触状になってしまう。接合容量を高くするためには接触(密着)面が広いことが重要なので、このような接触(密着)状態は望ましくない。これに対して、本発明の伝送ユニットを用いれば、機能性複合材料層2の変形によって広い接触(密着)面積を確保することができ、その結果、高い接合容量を得ることができる。
例えばまた、電極の材料として、高分子材料を基材として導電性付与剤(導電性フィラー)が含有され、導電性とされた材料を用いることができる。かかる材料は柔軟性を備えているため、柔軟性が要求される電極に用いることができる。また、機能性複合材料層も柔軟性を有するため、かかる材料からなる電極と組み合わせて、伝送ユニット全体を柔軟性を有するものとすることができる。
第1の実施形態である伝送ユニットは、機能性複合材料層2上に第1絶縁層を備えてもよい。
実際の非接触電力伝送システムにおいては、使用時の耐久性向上等を目的として機能性複合材料層上に保護フィルムを備えるのが好ましく、第1絶縁層はその保護フィルムとしての機能を有する。
また、第1絶縁層はそれ自体、結合コンデンサの誘電体層としての機能を有する。
第1絶縁層は筐体をモデル化したものとも言える。
この低誘電率の保護フィルムによる容量性の低下という問題を解決するために、例えば50μm以下程度の極薄膜を送信電極の表面に直接コートして、そこに受信電極を密着させるという手法が考えられる。しかし、従来の電極は硬いため、曲面同士を密着させることが困難(密着させるための位置決めが困難)であるから、極端に密着性が低下し、その結果、出力が低下する。これに対して、本発明の伝送ユニットでは、電極上に柔軟な機能性複合材料層を備え、その機能性複合材料層上に保護フィルム(第1絶縁層)を備えることができるため、密着性低下が避けられる。
第1絶縁層の厚さは、5μm~5mmであることが好ましい。この範囲であれば、絶縁層の強度が保て、さらに接合容量の低下を招きにくく、十分な伝送能力が得られやすいからである。
第1の実施形態である伝送ユニットは、電極1と機能性複合材料層2との間に第2絶縁層を備えてもよい。
この第2絶縁層は誘電体層としての機能を担うことができる。 第1絶縁層及び/又は第2絶縁層を備えた構成の場合には、誘電体層としての機能を第1絶縁層及び/又は第2絶縁層が担うことができる。
第2絶縁層の厚さは、5μm~5mmであることが好ましい。5μm未満の場合は強度が低下し、5mmを超える場合は接合容量の低下を招く。
図2に、本発明の第2の実施形態である伝送ユニットの例の概略模式図を示す。
第2の実施形態の伝送ユニット200は、送信電極と受信電極とを近接させることにより電力伝送を行う非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニットであって、電極1と、機能性複合材料層2と、第1絶縁層3とを順に備える。
機能性複合材料層2には、上記の複合材料A~Cからなるものを用いることができる。
なお、伝送ユニット300のうち、機能性複合材料層2は本発明の第1の実施形態の「伝送シート」に相当し、また、機能性複合材料層2及びPTFE膜(第1絶縁層)3は本発明の第2の実施形態の「伝送シート」に相当する。
第2の実施形態である伝送ユニットは、電極1と機能性複合材料層2との間に第2絶縁層を備えてもよい。
この第2絶縁層は誘電体層としての機能を担うことができる。従って、機能性複合材料層2と第2絶縁層と併せて誘電体層としての機能を担うことになる。
第1絶縁層及び/又は第2絶縁層を備えた構成の場合には、誘電体層としての機能を第1絶縁層及び/又は第2絶縁層が担うことができるので、機能性複合材料層はそれらの層と併せて誘電体層としての機能を担うことになる。
接着剤としては例えば、シアノアクリル酸エチルなどのシアノアクリレート系接着剤、または、エポキシ樹脂系、シリコーン系、スチレン-ブタジエンゴム溶液系、水性高分子-イソシアネート系接着剤などの接着剤が挙げられる。電極の表面処理により酸化皮膜などの表面層や電極上絶縁性コーティング(エポキシ樹脂など)を形成することによって第2絶縁層を付与することも可能である。
第2絶縁層の厚さは、5μm~5mmであることが好ましい。この範囲であれば、絶縁層の強度が保て、さらに接合容量の低下を招きにくく、十分な伝送能力が得られやすいからである。
なお、本明細書においては、実施例及び複合材料と、比較例及び比較複合材料とを比較することによって、各作製条件の効果を示しており、比較例、比較複合材料と記載したものが本発明の範囲に含まれないということは意味しない。
天然ゴム(NR)(加藤産商(株)、商品名SMR-CV-60)
ブチルゴム(JSR(株)製、商品名BUTYL268)
ニトリルゴム(NBR)(日本ゼオン(株)製、商品名ND4050)
気相成長炭素繊維(昭和電工(株)製、商品名VGCF(登録商標)-X、平均繊維径10-15nm、平均繊維長3μm)
硫黄粉末(化学用)
ジクミルペルオキシド(試薬特級)
酸化亜鉛(試薬特級)
ステアリン酸(試薬特級)
テトラキス(2-エチルヘキシル)チウラムジスルフィド(大内新興化学(株)製、商品名ノクセラーTOT-N)
酸化チタン(昭和タイタニウム(株)製、商品名スーパータイタニア(登録商標)F-6、換算粒径15nm)
トルエン(試薬特級)
酢酸ブチル(試薬特級)
174gのトルエンに、高分子材料としてブチルゴム20g、架橋剤として硫黄粉末4g、架橋助剤として酸化亜鉛10gおよびステアリン酸2g、架橋促進剤としてテトラキス(2-エチルヘキシル)チウラムジスルフィド3gを加え、撹拌溶解した(ポリマー液)。また104gのトルエンに、導電性フィラーとして気相成長炭素繊維を0.03g加え、ホモジナイザーを用いて分散させた(カーボン液)。次いで28.5gずつ秤量したポリマー液に対し、それぞれ表1に示す量の導電性フィラーが添加されるように、カーボン液を加え、ホモジナイザーを用いて導電性フィラーを分散させた。得られた分散液を室温で24時間撹拌し、80℃の真空乾燥機中でトルエンを除去した後、100℃にて三本ロールで混練してゴム組成物を得た。
ゴム組成物中の導電性フィラーの量が、高分子材料100質量部あたり、それぞれ0質量部(0phr)、0.5質量部(0.5phr)、0.75質量部(0.75phr)となるようにした他は実施例1-1~1-6と同様にして、比較複合材料1-1~1-3を得た。
実施例1-3と同様にして、ゴム組成物を得た。
架橋時の温度を150℃とした他は、実施例1と同様にして複合材料2-2を得た。複合材料2-2は目視で黒く見えた。比誘電率および誘電正接の測定結果を表2に示す。
圧縮成型機での加圧を、100℃で25分間行った他は、実施例2-1と同様にして比較複合材料2-1を得たが、力学特性が非常に弱く、形態の維持が難しい材料であり、試験用のサンプルが得られず、比誘電率および誘電正接の測定ができなかった。
ブチルゴム溶液を調製する際に、架橋剤、架橋助剤、架橋促進剤を添加しなかった他は実施例1と同様にして、比較複合材料2-2を得たが、変形して形態の維持が難しい材料であり、試験用のサンプルが得られず、比誘電率および誘電正接の測定ができなかった。
高分子材料として天然ゴム12gに酢酸ブチル53gを加え、撹拌して膨潤溶解させた(天然ゴム液)。また、他の高分子材料としてニトリルゴム12gを凍結粉砕し、酢酸ブチル53gを加えて撹拌し、膨潤溶解させた(ニトリルゴム液)。得られた2種のゴム液を、質量比で天然ゴム液:ニトリルゴム液=7:3となるように混合し、さらに高分子材料の合計100質量部に対して、1質量部のジクミルペルオキシドを加え、混合ゴム溶液を調製した。
混合ゴム溶液に、酢酸ブチル35gのかわりに、酢酸ブチル35gに酸化チタン0.06gを分散させた液を加えたほかは、実施例3-1と同様にして複合材料3-2を得た。比誘電率および誘電正接の測定結果を表3に示す。
酢酸ブチル35gに分散させる酸化チタンの量を0.09gとしたほかは、実施例3-2と同様にして、複合材料3-3を得た。比誘電率および誘電正接の測定結果を表3に示す。
酢酸ブチル35gに分散させる酸化チタンの量を0.12gとしたほかは、実施例3-2と同様にして複合材料3-4を得た。比誘電率および誘電正接の測定結果を表3に示す。
実施例3-1において、2種のゴム液の混合比を、質量比で天然ゴム液:ニトリルゴム液=3:7となるようにしたほかは同様にして、複合材料3-5を得た。比誘電率および誘電正接の測定結果を表3に示す。
酢酸ブチル35gのかわりに、酢酸ブチル35gに酸化チタン0.06gを分散させた液を、混合ゴム溶液に加えたほかは、実施例3-5と同様にして複合材料3-6を得た。比誘電率および誘電正接の測定結果を表3に示す。
実施例3-6において、酢酸ブチル35gに分散させる酸化チタンの量を0.12gとしたほかは、実施例3-6と同様にして、複合材料3-7を得た。比誘電率および誘電正接の測定結果を表3に示す。
実施例3-1において、混合ゴム溶液のかわりに、酢酸ブチル53gに、天然ゴム12gを加えた液を用いたほかは同様にして、複合材料3-8を得た。比誘電率および誘電正接の測定結果を表3に示す。
高分子材料として、天然ゴム3gとジクミルペルオキシド0.03gに酢酸ブチル26gを加え、撹拌することにより膨潤溶解させた(ポリマー液)。別途、酢酸ブチル26gに、導電性フィラーとして、気相成長炭素繊維 0.03gを加え、超音波ホモジナイザーで分散処理した(カーボン液)。上記のポリマー液にこのカーボン液を加えて、室温で24時間撹拌した後、80℃の真空乾燥機中で酢酸ブチルを除去し、ゴム組成物を得た。
比較例3において、天然ゴム3gのかわりに、天然ゴム2.1g、凍結粉砕機を用いて粉砕したニトリルゴム0.9gを用いた他は、比較例3と同様にして複合材料4を得た。
実施例および比較例で作製した複合材料および比較複合材料について、断面観察を行い、集合体の平均径と、集合体間の平均距離を求めた。結果を表5に、また複合材料2-2および複合材料4の断面写真を図6のそれぞれ(a)および(b)に、比較複合材料2-1、比較複合材料3の断面写真をそれぞれ図7の(a)および(b)に示す。比較複合材料2-1および3では、光学顕微鏡の検出限界である0.5nm以上の径を有する集合体を観察することができなかった(図7(b)中、黒く見えるものは、高分子材料表面の荒れに由来する影である)。
架橋条件を160℃、20分間とした他は、実施例2-1と同様にしてゴム組成物を成型し、導電層を2枚作製した。
導電層の表面に天然ゴム溶液を塗布しなかった以外は実施例5と同様にして、比較複合材料4を得た。実施例5と同様に、比較複合材料4に電圧を印加し、漏れ電流を測定した結果を図8(b)に示す。
実施例3-1~3-4で作製した複合材料3-1~3-4を、該金属電極の間にはさんで、電界結合方式のワイヤレス給電システム(非接触電力伝送システム)における伝送ユニットとして用いた時の特性を調べた。
複合材料3-1~3-4のかわりに、アクリロニトリル-ブタジエン-スチレン共重合体からなるマトリクスに、セラミックス粉を配合した市販の比較複合材料5を用いた他は実施例6-1~6-4と同様にして伝送ユニットとして用いたときの特性を調べた。結果を表6に示す。
SUSからなる電極上に本発明の複合材料からなる層(機能性複合材料層)と銅からなる電極とを順に備えた構成に、交流電圧を印加して誘電性(比誘電率及び誘電正接)を測定した結果を表7及び表8に示す。表中の厚さ(mm)は機能性複合材料層の層厚を示す。
なお、表7及び表8に示したVGCF-Xの添加量が1phr、8phr及び10phrのデータは参考に示したものであって、本発明の実施例ではない。
SUS電極は厚さ2mm、銅電極は1mmであった。
サイズは、SUS電極は13cm×13cm、それ以外の層、電極は10cm×10cmであった。機能性複合材料層の膜面積は10cmx10cmであった。
測定は、LCR測定装置を用いて、印加電圧1V、交流周波数100Hz、1kHz、10kHz、600kHz、及び、1MHzで行った。
当業者は、導電性フィラーの添加量と比誘電率及び誘電正接との関係(規則性)を予め得ておくことにより、非接触電力伝送システムに適した導電性フィラーの添加量を決定することができる。
図10によれば、VGCF-Xの添加量が多いほど、出力が大きい傾向にあった。
ポリイミド膜層は厚さ0.015mmと非常に薄いのに対して、本発明の機能性複合材料層は約0.9mmとポリイミド膜層の60倍の厚さを有するのでポリイミド膜層に比べて高いクッション性を有する。この高いクッション性によって受信側との密着性も向上する。本発明の機能性複合材料層を用いると、高出力だけでなく、高クッション性(高密着性)を付与することができる。
実施例7のVGCF-Xが2phrの場合の混練は、混練温度60℃、回転数50rpm、混練時間3分間で行ったものである。この場合、1MHzでは、表7及び表8で示したとおり、比誘電率及び誘電正接はそれぞれ、7.98、0.26であった。
混練温度を同じ60℃とし、回転数を30rpm、混練時間5分間とすると、比誘電率及び誘電正接はそれぞれ、6.35、0.16となった。
また、混練温度を120℃、回転数を30rpm、混練時間5分間とすると、比誘電率及び誘電正接はそれぞれ、4.52、0.0789となった。混練温度を120℃、混練時間5分間で、回転数を15rpmとした場合は、比誘電率及び誘電正接はそれぞれ、4.66、0.0857であり、混練温度を120℃、混練時間5分間で、回転数を45rpmとした場合は、比誘電率及び誘電正接はそれぞれ、4.66、0.0875であった。
混練温度が60℃の場合よりも120℃の場合の方が、比誘電率の低下が少なかったわりに、誘電正接が大きく低下できたのは、温度の変化により、ゴムの粘性が大きく変化し、その結果、導電性フィラーの分散状態が変化し、複合材料中におけるフィラー間距離が、より離れたためと考えられる。
このように、乾式(ドライ)法(材料を混合する際に溶液中で混合するのではなく、そのままミキサーやブラベンダなどで練って混合する方法)の場合、混練条件によっても、本発明の複合材料及び機能性複合材料層の誘電特性を制御することができる。
図11(a)~(d)(それぞれ実施例8-1~8-4の測定結果)は、表7及び表8の結果を得た複合材料層を機能性複合材料層とした伝送ユニットを用い、図4の送信側構成と受信側構成の組み合わせAO、BOのそれぞれについて、出力検査を行った結果を示す。具体的には、VGCF-X(導電性フィラー)の添加量2から6の範囲の機能性複合材料層について、送信電圧を40V、負荷抵抗を200Ωとした以外は実施例6と同様の方法で、ピーク電圧及びピーク周波数を測定した。
なお、図11(a)及び(c)は、送信側構成の機能性複合材料層の上にポリイミド膜層(第1絶縁層)を備えなかったもの(AO)を用い、図11(b)及び(d)は、ポリイミド膜層(第1絶縁層)を備えたもの(BO)を用いた。
また、図11(a)及び(b)は、機能性複合材料層を2個のコンデンサのそれぞれに分割されたもの(1型とする)を用いたのに対して、図11(c)及び(d)は、機能性複合材料層を2個のコンデンサに対して一層として連続したもの(2型とする)を用いた。
また、図11(a)において、0phrの4V近傍に示した丸印は、比較のために、機能性複合材料層に替えて、一般的な家電などの外装に用いられる樹脂の代表であるABS樹脂を用いた構成についてのピーク電圧を示す。
また、図11(b)において、10phrの16V近傍に示した丸印は、比較のために、機能性複合材料層及びポリイミド膜層に替えて、銅シート(厚さ:2mm)を用いた構成についてのピーク電圧を示す。
1型と2型とを比較すると、1型(分割型)の方が出力が高かった。
また、1型では、ポリイミド層(第1絶縁層)がない系(a)(「AO(1型)」(AOタイプの1型を意味する。))の出力の方が高かったが、VGCF-X濃度の増加によって導電性が増すに従い、その差は小さくなった。
また、ABS樹脂を誘電体層として用いた場合に比べると、AO、BOのいずれの系においても高い出力が得られた。
最高出力は、銅シートを用いた場合である。しかし、BO(1型)の系(b)ではポリイミド層を有するので、銅シートを伝送シートとして用いた場合とは異なり、感電や漏電のおそれがない。さらに、機能性複合材料が銅に比べて柔らかいため、製品化された際に、受信側との密着性が向上し、その結果、高い出力が安定して得られるという特徴を有する。
次に、比較のために、BOの系において、機能性複合材料層に替えて銅シート(厚さ: 2mm)を用いた構成について、ピーク電圧及びピーク周波数を測定した。それぞれ、12.07V、997Hzであった。
次に、一方の電極が第1絶縁層及び第2絶縁層を備えた構成(「CO(1型)」)について、機能性複合材料の替わりに、PTFE層を備えた構成、及び、銅シートを備えた構成とピーク電圧、ピーク周波数及び接合容量について比較した。
具体的には、SUS電極/PTFE0.1mm/PTFE1.0mm/PTFE0.1mm/銅電極の結合コンデンサ構成(比較例7)、SUS電極/PTFE0.1mm/銅シート1.0mm/PTFE0.1mm/銅電極の結合コンデンサ構成(比較例8)、SUS電極/PTFE0.1mm/機能性複合材料(6phr)シート1.0mm/PTFE0.1mm/銅電極の結合コンデンサ構成(実施例9)を用いた。
比較例7はそれぞれ、1.31V、997kHz、62pF、比較例8はそれぞれ、6.4V、1070kHz、210pF、実施例9はそれぞれ、7.0V、1080kHz、270pFであった。
以上の通り、実施例9の構成は、比較例7及び比較例8のいずれよりも高い出力が得られ、静電容量も高かった。
表9に、本発明の機能性複合材料層を備えた伝送ユニットの組み合わせを、送信側構成と受信側構成が図4のAB(=BA),CA(=DB)、CD(=DC)で1型又は2型とした場合の出力結果を示す。
この機能性複合材料層について、周波数100Hzの交流電圧に対する比誘電率は150、誘電正接は0.9であった。
出力の測定は、図9に摸式的に示した回路を用いて行った。出力測定時の負荷抵抗は50Ωであった。発信機12から6.78MHz、40Vで送信を行い、受信側コイル15の二次側の電圧を、デジタルオシロスコープ16で測定した。
電極は表面をニッケルメッキした厚さ1mmの銅板を用いた。
電極、および機能性複合材料層の面積は50mm×50mmとした。測定は、送信用電極テーブル上に伝送ユニットを載せ、その上から荷重1kgの受電テーブルで挟み、荷重1kgの条件で測定した。
なお、送信側、受信側構成の機能性複合材料層上の第1絶縁層及び第2絶縁層は、実施例10―1~10―3については0.05mm厚のPTFE(デュポン社製)のシートを用い、また、実施例10―4~10―9については0.14mm厚のHI-PS(PSジャパン社製「PSJポリスチレン(商品名)H0103」(MFR:2.6g/10min))のシートを用いた。表9中の第1、第2絶縁層の欄に記載の枚数は第1絶縁層及び第2絶縁層として使用したPTFEシート又はHI-PSシートの枚数を示している。
機能性複合材料層に替えて、樹脂シート(サンアロマー社製のポリプロピレン「PC480A」(商品名)、及び、オレフィン系熱可塑性エラストマ「キャタロイQ300F」(商品名))を圧縮成形(230℃,5分)し、厚さ1mmのシート状とした。比誘電率はそれぞれ2.6,2.7、誘電正接はそれぞれ0.01以下(測定限界0.01)であった。実施例10と同様に各構成について測定した出力結果を表9に示す。
表10に、本発明の、周波数100Hzの交流電圧に対する比誘電率が30以上でありかつ誘電正接が3以下である機能性複合材料を例示すると共に、それらの製造条件、及び、その材料からなる機能性複合材料層を備えた伝送ユニットの組み合わせを図4のAO,COで1型又は2型とした場合の出力結果を示す。出力測定は、実施例10と同じ方法で実施した。COの組み合わせとしたときの第1及び第2絶縁膜としては実施例10で用いたHI-PS(0.14mm厚)のシートを使用した。
高分子材料としては、実施例11―1及び11―2はNR/NBRを用い、実施例11-3はEPDM(「ノーデルIP4725P」(商品名))を用い、実施例11-4はオレフィン系熱可塑性エラストマ「キャタロイQ300F」(商品名))を用い、実施例11-5は熱変性ポリエチレン(「タフマーDF840」(三井化学株式会社製))、実施例11-6は熱可塑性エラストマ(「シブスター062T」(カネカ株式会社製))を用いた。なお、実施例11―2においては、機能性複合材料層は無機導電性フィラーとしてTiO2(「スーパータイタニア(登録商標)F-6」(商品名)(昭和タイタニウム株式会社製)を含むものを用いた。
本発明の機能性複合材料層に替えて、比誘電率が30未満である材料を用いて実施例11―1~11―6と同様の出力測定を行った。比較例11-1は、樹脂であるPTFE(デュポン社製)シート、比較例11-2は実施例11-3とは導電性フィラーの含有率だけが異なるもの、比較例11-3は実施例11-4とは導電性フィラーの含有率だけが異なるものである。厚さは全て2mmのものを用いた。
表11に、実施例11―1~11―6で用いた機能性複合材料層を備えた伝送ユニットの組み合わせを図4のCO(1型)とした伝送システムについて、LED点灯によって評価した結果を示す。
より具体的には、伝送ユニットの組み合わせを図4のCO(1型)とした伝送システムについて、図12に摸式的に示した回路を用い、3.5VのLEDを10個(合計1W相当)配置して、LEDの点灯の様子によって伝送システムを評価した。
電極は表面をニッケルメッキした厚さ1mmで60mm×60mmの銅板を用いた。
また、機能性複合材料層の面積は50mm×50mmとし、実施例10と同様に荷重1kgの条件で実施した。COの組み合わせとしたときの第1及び第2絶縁膜としては実施例10で用いたHI-PS(0.14mm厚)のシートを使用した。
評価実験は、発信機から6.78MHz、5W(40V)で送信を行い、伝送システムを介してLEDを点灯させて行った。
◎ ; LED10個が明るく光った
○ ; LED10個が点灯したが◎に比べて暗い
△ ; LEDが不安定に点灯している
× ; LEDが点灯しない
表11の比較例12―1~12―3は、比較例11―1~11―3について実施例12―1~12―6と同様の基準でLED点灯評価を行った結果を示すものである。
上記した発明の実施形態から、次のような構成の技術的思想も導かれるが、これには限定されない。
(付記1)高分子材料と、導電性フィラーと、を含み、該導電性フィラーは、平均径が1μm以上の集合体を形成し、該集合体間の平均距離が、10nm~30μmである複合材料。
(付記2)前記高分子材料が架橋されている(付記1)に記載の複合材料。
(付記3)前記高分子材料として、互いに相溶しない2種以上の高分子材料を含む(付記1)または(付記2)のいずれかに記載の複合材料。
(付記4)無機誘電体フィラーをさらに含む(付記1)~(付記3)のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料。
(付記5)高分子材料と、導電性フィラーとを含み、厚み1μm以上の導電層を少なくとも2層と、該導電層と、同じものでも異なっていてもよい高分子材料を含み、該導電層の間に挿入された厚み10nm~30μmの絶縁層とを有する複合材料。
(付記6)前記高分子材料がポリイミド、シリコーン樹脂、フッ素ポリマー、ポリウレタン、アクリル樹脂、ポリカーボネート、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン、ポリエステル、エポキシ樹脂、シアナートエステル樹脂、天然ゴムおよび合成ゴムからなる群より選ばれる1種以上である(付記1)~(付記5)のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料。
(付記7)前記高分子材料が天然ゴムである(付記1)~(付記5)のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料。
(付記8)前記高分子材料が合成ゴムである(付記1)~(付記5)のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料。
(付記9)高分子材料中に導電性フィラーが分散されてなり、前記導電性フィラーの添加量が前記高分子材料の100質量部に対して1~25質量部であり、周波数100Hzの交流電圧に対する比誘電率が30以上であり、かつ、誘電正接が3以下である複合材料。
(付記10)前記導電性フィラーが炭素材料である(付記9)に記載の複合材料。
(付記11)前記高分子材料が架橋されている(付記9)又は(付記10)のいずれかに記載の複合材料。
(付記12)前記高分子材料として、互いに相溶しない2種以上の高分子材料を含む(付記9)~(付記11)のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料。
(付記13)無機誘電体フィラーをさらに含む(付記9)~(付記12)のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料。
(付記14)送信電極と受信電極とを近接させることにより電力伝送を行う非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニットを構成する伝送シートであって、(付記1)~(付記8)のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料からなる、ことを特徴とする非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送シート。
(付記15)送信電極と受信電極とを近接させることにより電力伝送を行う非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニットを構成する伝送シートであって、高分子材料中に導電性フィラーが分散されてなり、前記導電性フィラーの添加量が前記高分子材料の100質量部に対して1~25質量部であり、周波数100Hzの交流電圧に対する比誘電率が30以上であり、かつ、誘電正接が3以下である複合材料からなる、ことを特徴とする非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送シート。
(付記16)前記導電性フィラーが炭素材料であることを特徴とする(付記15)に記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送シート。
(付記17)前記高分子材料が架橋されていることを特徴とする(付記15)又は(付記16)のいずれかに記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送シート。
(付記18)前記高分子材料として、互いに相溶しない2種以上の高分子材料を含むことを特徴とする(付記15)~(付記17)のいずれか一項に記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送シート。
(付記19)無機誘電体フィラーをさらに含む、ことを特徴とする(付記15)~(付記18)のいずれか一項に記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送シート。
(付記20)送信電極と受信電極とを近接させることにより電力伝送を行う非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニットを構成する伝送シートであって、機能性複合材料層と、第1絶縁層とを順に備え、前記機能性複合材料層は、高分子材料中に導電性フィラーが分散されてなり、前記導電性フィラーの添加量が前記高分子材料の100質量部に対して1~25質量部であり、周波数100Hzの交流電圧に対する比誘電率が30以上であり、かつ、誘電正接が3以下である複合材料からなる、ことを特徴とする非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送シート。
(付記21)前記導電性フィラーが炭素材料であることを特徴とする(付記20)に記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送シート。
(付記22)前記高分子材料が架橋されていることを特徴とする(付記20)又は(付記21)のいずれかに記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送シート。
(付記23)前記高分子材料として、互いに相溶しない2種以上の高分子材料を含むことを特徴とする(付記20)~(付記22)のいずれか一項に記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送シート。
(付記24)無機誘電体フィラーをさらに含む、ことを特徴とする(付記20)~(付記23)のいずれか一項に記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送シート。
(付記25)送信電極と受信電極とを近接させることにより電力伝送を行う非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニットを構成する伝送シートであって、機能性複合材料層と、第1絶縁層とを順に備え、前記機能性複合材料層が(付記1)~(付記8)のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料からなる、ことを特徴とする非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送シート。
(付記26)前記第1絶縁層が、天然ゴム、EPDM、ABS樹脂、PTFEのいずれかからなる、ことを特徴とする(付記20)~(付記25)のいずれか一項に記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送シート。
(付記27)送信電極と受信電極とを近接させることにより電力伝送を行う非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニットであって、電極と、機能性複合材料層とを順に備え、前記機能性複合材料層は、高分子材料中に導電性フィラーが分散されてなり、該導電性フィラーの添加量が前記高分子材料の100質量部に対して1~25質量部であり、周波数100Hzの交流電圧に対する比誘電率が30以上であり、かつ、誘電正接が3以下である複合材料からなる、ことを特徴とする非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニット。
(付記28)送信電極と受信電極とを近接させることにより電力伝送を行う非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニットであって、電極と、機能性複合材料層とを順に備え、前記機能性複合材料層が(付記1)~(付記8)のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料からなる、ことを特徴とする非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニット。
(付記29)前記機能性複合材料層上に第1絶縁層を備える、ことを特徴とする(付記27)又は(付記28)のいずれかに記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニット。
(付記30)前記第1絶縁層が、天然ゴム、EPDM、ABS樹脂、PTFEのいずれかからなる、ことを特徴とする(付記29)記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニット。
(付記31)前記電極と前記機能性複合材料層との間に第2絶縁層を備える、ことを特徴とする(付記27)~(付記30)のいずれか一項に記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニット。
(付記32)前記第2絶縁層が、天然ゴム、EPDM、ABS樹脂、PTFE、シアノアクリル酸エチルなどのシアノアクリレート系接着剤のいずれかからなる、ことを特徴とする(付記31)に記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニット。
(付記33)前記電極がエラストマと炭素繊維とを含む導電体からなる、ことを特徴とする(付記27)~(付記32)のいずれか一項に記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニット。
(付記34)送信電極と受信電極とを近接させることにより電力伝送を行う非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニットであって、電極と、機能性複合材料層と、第1絶縁層とを順に備え、前記機能性複合材料層が(付記1)~(付記8)のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料からなる、ことを特徴とする非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニット。
(付記35)前記第1絶縁層が、天然ゴム、EPDM、ABS樹脂、PTFEのいずれかからなる、ことを特徴とする(付記34)に記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニット。
(付記36)前記電極と前記機能性複合材料層との間に第2絶縁層を備える、ことを特徴とする(付記34)又は(付記35)のいずれかに記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニット。
(付記37)前記第2絶縁層が、天然ゴム、EPDM、ABS樹脂、PTFE、シアノアクリル酸エチルなどのシアノアクリレート系接着剤のいずれかからなる、ことを特徴とする請求項(付記36)に記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニット。
(付記38)前記電極がエラストマと炭素繊維とを含む導電体からなる、ことを特徴とする(付記34)~(付記37)のいずれか一項に記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニット。
(付記39)(付記14)~(付記26)のいずれか一項に記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送シートを備えたことを特徴とする非接触電力伝送システム。
(付記40)(付記27)~(付記38)のいずれか一項に記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニットを備えたことを特徴とする非接触電力伝送システム。
2:機能性複合材料層
3:第1絶縁層
11:接地
12:発信器
13:発信側コイル
14:電極
14a:送信側電極
14b:受信側電極
15:受信側コイル
16:デジタルオシロスコープ
17:誘電体
21:電極
100:伝送ユニット
200:伝送ユニット
300:伝送ユニット
Claims (31)
- 高分子材料中に導電性フィラーが分散されてなり、
前記導電性フィラーの添加量が前記高分子材料の100質量部に対して1~25質量部であり、
周波数100Hzの交流電圧に対する比誘電率が30以上であり、かつ、誘電正接が3以下である複合材料。 - 高分子材料と、導電性フィラーと、を含み、該導電性フィラーは、平均径が1μm以上の集合体を形成し、該集合体間の平均距離が、10nm~30μmである複合材料。
- 高分子材料と、導電性フィラーとを含み、厚み1μm以上の導電層を少なくとも2層と、
該導電層と、同じものでも異なっていてもよい高分子材料を含み、該導電層の間に挿入された厚み10nm~30μmの絶縁層とを有する複合材料。 - 前記導電性フィラーが炭素材料である請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料。
- 前記高分子材料が架橋されている請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料。
- 前記高分子材料として、互いに相溶しない2種以上の高分子材料を含む請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料。
- 無機誘電体フィラーをさらに含む請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料。
- 前記高分子材料がポリイミド、シリコーン樹脂、フッ素ポリマー、ポリウレタン、アクリル樹脂、ポリカーボネート、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン、ポリエステル、エポキシ樹脂、シアナートエステル樹脂、天然ゴムおよび合成ゴムからなる群より選ばれる1種以上である請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料。
- 前記高分子材料が天然ゴムである請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料。
- 前記高分子材料が合成ゴムである請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料。
- 送信電極と受信電極とを近接させることにより電力伝送を行う非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニットを構成する伝送シートであって、
請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料からなる、ことを特徴とする非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送シート。 - 送信電極と受信電極とを近接させることにより電力伝送を行う非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニットを構成する伝送シートであって、
機能性複合材料層と、第1絶縁層とを順に備え、
前記機能性複合材料層が請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料からなる、ことを特徴とする非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送シート。 - 前記第1絶縁層の体積固有抵抗率が1x1010(Ω・cm)以上であることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送シート。
- 前記第1絶縁層が、天然ゴム、EPDM、ABS樹脂、PTFEのいずれかからなる、ことを特徴とする請求項12又は13のいずれかに記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送シート。
- 送信電極と受信電極とを近接させることにより電力伝送を行う非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニットであって、
電極と、機能性複合材料層とを順に備え、
前記機能性複合材料層が請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料からなる、ことを特徴とする非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニット。 - 前記機能性複合材料層上に第1絶縁層を備える、ことを特徴とする請求項15に記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニット。
- 前記第1絶縁層の体積固有抵抗率が1x1010(Ω・cm)以上であることを特徴とする請求項16に記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニット。
- 前記第1絶縁層が、天然ゴム、EPDM、ABS樹脂、PTFEのいずれかからなる、ことを特徴とする請求項16又は17のいずれかに記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニット。
- 前記電極と前記機能性複合材料層との間に第2絶縁層を備える、ことを特徴とする請求項15~18のいずれか一項に記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニット。
- 前記第2絶縁層の体積固有抵抗率が1x1010(Ω・cm)以上であることを特徴とする請求項19に記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニット。
- 前記第2絶縁層が、天然ゴム、EPDM、ABS樹脂、PTFE、シアノアクリル酸エチルなどのシアノアクリレート系接着剤のいずれかからなる、ことを特徴とする請求項19又は20のいずれかにに記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニット。
- 前記電極がエラストマと炭素繊維とを含む導電体からなる、ことを特徴とする請求項15~21のいずれか一項に記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニット。
- 送信電極と受信電極とを近接させることにより電力伝送を行う非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニットであって、
電極と、機能性複合材料層と、第1絶縁層とを順に備え、
前記機能性複合材料層が請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料からなる、ことを特徴とする非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニット。 - 前記第1絶縁層の体積固有抵抗率が1x1010(Ω・cm)以上であることを特徴とする請求項23に記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニット。
- 前記第1絶縁層が、天然ゴム、EPDM、ABS樹脂、PTFEのいずれかからなる、ことを特徴とする請求項23又は24のいずれかに記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニット。
- 前記電極と前記機能性複合材料層との間に第2絶縁層を備える、ことを特徴とする請求項23~25のいずれか一項に記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニット。
- 前記第2絶縁層の体積固有抵抗率が1x1010(Ω・cm)以上であることを特徴とする請求項26に記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニット。
- 前記第2絶縁層が、天然ゴム、EPDM、ABS樹脂、PTFE、シアノアクリル酸エチルなどのシアノアクリレート系接着剤のいずれかからなる、ことを特徴とする請求項26又は27のいずれかに記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニット。
- 前記電極がエラストマと炭素繊維とを含む導電体からなる、ことを特徴とする請求項23~28のいずれか一項に記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニット。
- [規則91に基づく訂正 14.12.2012]
請求項11~14のいずれか一項に記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送シートを備えたことを特徴とする非接触電力伝送システム。 - [規則91に基づく訂正 14.12.2012]
請求項15~29のいずれか一項に記載の非接触電力伝送システムに用いる伝送ユニットを備えたことを特徴とする非接触電力伝送システム。
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US14/355,048 US20140300204A1 (en) | 2011-10-31 | 2012-10-31 | Composite material, transmission sheet, transmission unit, and non-contact power transmission system including the same |
| EP12845278.6A EP2774955A4 (en) | 2011-10-31 | 2012-10-31 | COMPOSITE, TRANSMISSION FILM, TRANSFER UNIT AND CONTACTLESS POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM THEREWITH |
| JP2013541824A JP5957463B2 (ja) | 2011-10-31 | 2012-10-31 | 伝送シート、伝送ユニット及びそれらを備えた非接触電力伝送システム |
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| JP2011238968 | 2011-10-31 | ||
| JP2011-238968 | 2011-10-31 | ||
| JP2012-057956 | 2012-03-14 | ||
| JP2012057956 | 2012-03-14 |
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| WO2013065752A1 true WO2013065752A1 (ja) | 2013-05-10 |
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| PCT/JP2012/078201 Ceased WO2013065752A1 (ja) | 2011-10-31 | 2012-10-31 | 複合材料、伝送シート、伝送ユニット及びそれらを備えた非接触電力伝送システム |
| PCT/JP2012/078216 Ceased WO2013065756A1 (ja) | 2011-10-31 | 2012-10-31 | 伝送シート、伝送ユニット及びそれらを備えた非接触電力伝送システム |
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| US (2) | US20140239738A1 (ja) |
| EP (2) | EP2774955A4 (ja) |
| JP (2) | JP5957463B2 (ja) |
| WO (2) | WO2013065752A1 (ja) |
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| JP2016127210A (ja) * | 2015-01-07 | 2016-07-11 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 炭素材料複合組成物 |
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| JP6761962B2 (ja) * | 2016-10-21 | 2020-09-30 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 移動体および無線電力伝送システム |
| US10839992B1 (en) | 2019-05-17 | 2020-11-17 | Raytheon Company | Thick film resistors having customizable resistances and methods of manufacture |
| WO2022008631A1 (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2022-01-13 | Danmarks Tekniske Universitet | Capacitive power transfer for space sensitive electronic devices |
| JP2025147556A (ja) * | 2024-03-25 | 2025-10-07 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | センサシステム、座席、及びセンサユニット |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2016511550A (ja) * | 2013-03-14 | 2016-04-14 | サウジ・ベーシック・インダストリーズ・コーポレーション | 導電性ナノフィラーをドープした誘電性ポリマーをベースとする非整数次コンデンサ |
| JP2016127210A (ja) * | 2015-01-07 | 2016-07-11 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 炭素材料複合組成物 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2013065756A1 (ja) | 2015-04-02 |
| US20140300204A1 (en) | 2014-10-09 |
| JP5957463B2 (ja) | 2016-07-27 |
| EP2774955A4 (en) | 2015-06-24 |
| JPWO2013065752A1 (ja) | 2015-04-02 |
| US20140239738A1 (en) | 2014-08-28 |
| EP2774955A1 (en) | 2014-09-10 |
| EP2775589A1 (en) | 2014-09-10 |
| JP6118726B2 (ja) | 2017-04-19 |
| EP2775589A4 (en) | 2015-02-25 |
| WO2013065756A1 (ja) | 2013-05-10 |
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