WO2013070609A1 - Appareil et procédé pour forer un trou de forage dans une formation souterraine - Google Patents

Appareil et procédé pour forer un trou de forage dans une formation souterraine Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013070609A1
WO2013070609A1 PCT/US2012/063716 US2012063716W WO2013070609A1 WO 2013070609 A1 WO2013070609 A1 WO 2013070609A1 US 2012063716 W US2012063716 W US 2012063716W WO 2013070609 A1 WO2013070609 A1 WO 2013070609A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
drill pipe
bit
drilling fluid
drilling
subterranean formation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2012/063716
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
George Taylor ARMISTEAD
Henry Anthony Bergeron
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Chevron USA Inc
Original Assignee
Chevron USA Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chevron USA Inc filed Critical Chevron USA Inc
Priority to CN201280054790.0A priority Critical patent/CN103917736A/zh
Priority to EP12846993.9A priority patent/EP2776656A4/fr
Priority to AU2012336022A priority patent/AU2012336022A1/en
Priority to EA201490942A priority patent/EA201490942A1/ru
Priority to CA2854812A priority patent/CA2854812A1/fr
Publication of WO2013070609A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013070609A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/14—Drilling by use of heat, e.g. flame drilling
    • E21B7/15—Drilling by use of heat, e.g. flame drilling of electrically generated heat
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/08—Controlling or monitoring pressure or flow of drilling fluid, e.g. automatic filling of boreholes, automatic control of bottom pressure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/08—Controlling or monitoring pressure or flow of drilling fluid, e.g. automatic filling of boreholes, automatic control of bottom pressure
    • E21B21/085—Underbalanced techniques, i.e. where borehole fluid pressure is below formation pressure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
    • E21B4/04—Electric drives

Definitions

  • the field of the invention is directed to apparatus and processes for drilling a well by employing reverse circulation of drilling fluid.
  • the pressure of drilling fluid or drilling mud that is pumped down from the surface and into the open hole of the formation may be quite high. It is usually advisable to maintain a fluid/mud weight above the formation pressure to prevent gas "kicks" or influxes from the wellbore. Furthermore, the friction pressure of pumping into a drill string may be quite substantial. Thus, pressure is required to be applied to cause the drilling fluid and cuttings to flow through the drill string, out into the open hole, and up the annulus at an adequate rate.
  • Too much pressure applied in this process can cause other problems. That is, such fluid pressure applied at the surface also is applied to the open hole of the subterranean formation. High pressures applied to an open hole of a formation may cause the formation to fracture, with a subsequent sudden loss of drilling fluid into the formation. Such a sudden loss of drilling fluid into the formation may have severe consequences. In some instances, there is a very narrow "window" of pressure that may properly be applied in the drilling of a well without exerting too much or too little pressure. That is, excess applied pressure can fracture the formation. On the other hand, inadequate pressure may not properly carry the drilled cuttings up the annulus to the surface. Thus, a pressure "window” exists that engineers must observe in planning the pressure to exert while drilling a well.
  • lost circulation materials or pills are applied into drilling fluid, and such materials travel out of the bit and adhere to the formation to prevent such fluid loss into the formation. But, such materials may damage the formation and reduce the ability of the formation subsequently to produce oil and gas into the wellbore during production operations. Such damage to the formation is undesirable, and therefore the use of such materials is not always advisable.
  • Pulsed power drilling is a method of constructing a wellbore by applying voltage into the rock of a formation, which causes the rock to fail in tension rather than compression.
  • High voltage pulses employed in pulsed power drilling may cause an electrical arc in the rock that causes the rock to break in an electro-crushing process.
  • U.S. Patent Publication No. US 2009/0050371 Al to Moeny et al. See “Moeny”).
  • drilling fluid flows down the drill string and out through passages in the bit near the electrodes and then up the outside of the drilling apparatus within the annulus to bring rock cuttings to the surface. (US 2009/0050371 Al, paragraph 0109).
  • a technique or apparatus that is capable of reducing the risk of formation damage and allowing the use of a reduced bottom hole pressure in the drilling of deep wells would be very desirable.
  • a drilling technique that is capable of allow cuttings to be brought to the surface using a reduced flow rate of flow of drilling fluid is highly desirable.
  • the invention is directed to improved drilling apparatus and processes.
  • An apparatus and process for drilling a borehole into a subterranean formation with reverse circulation of drilling fluid employs a means to transfer a supply of electrical power downhole either from a cable running down the bottom hole assembly components or the use of "wired drill pipe” with the capability to conduct electrical energy downhole with electrical conductors incorporated into the drill pipe body.
  • the apparatus comprises a tubular drill pipe extending into the subterranean formation, the drill pipe having an interior space and an annular space on the exterior of the drill pipe.
  • a bottom hole assembly is connected to the drill pipe, the bottom hole assembly comprising a bit to excavate the subterranean formation to form cuttings.
  • a downhole motor is provided, the downhole motor being adapted for receiving electrical power from either the cable extending into the subterranean formation or the use of wired drill pipe supplying the electrical power.
  • a downhole pump is powered by the motor, the downhole pump being configured for reverse circulating drilling fluid and cuttings upwards through the interior space of the drill pipe.
  • the apparatus comprises a mechanism for removing excavated cuttings from the drilling fluid and then recirculating the drilling fluid downwards through the annular space on the exterior of the drill pipe.
  • the bit may comprise a rotary rock bit.
  • the apparatus may have one or more electrodes configured for applying a pulsed voltage to excavate the formation with applied pulsed power.
  • the downhole pump may be a positive displacement pump. In some applications, such as certain pulsed power bit applications, the bit may not rotate.
  • the cross sectional area of the interior space of the drill pipe is less than the cross sectional area of the annular space, thereby minimizing the drilling fluid flow rate that is required to carry excavated cuttings upwards through the interior space of the drill pipe.
  • a downhole generator may be provided, in one embodiment of the invention, for applying pulsed power to the bit.
  • the drilling fluid may comprise an electrically insulating formulation having a low level of electrical conductivity.
  • the drilling fluid comprises a carbon-based material.
  • a process for drilling a borehole into a subterranean formation with reverse circulation of drilling fluid.
  • the process comprises extending a tubular drill pipe into the subterranean formation, the drill pipe having an interior space and an annular space on the exterior of the drill pipe, the drill pipe having a proximal end near the top of the wellbore and a distal end with an attached bottom hole assembly.
  • An electrical cable or wired drill pipe extends into the well to supply power to downhole apparatus.
  • the bottom hole assembly may comprise a drilling bit.
  • a pump and a motor are provided within the borehole, the pump being powered by the motor. The pump is in fluid communication with the interior of the drill pipe. It may be possible to circulate drilling fluid from the annular space to the interior space of the drill pipe.
  • Drilling fluid with cuttings may be pumped upwards through the interior space of the drill pipe.
  • excavated cuttings may be removed from the drilling fluid near the top of the wellbore and re-circulated downward through the annular space.
  • a control system may be employed to regulate the pulse repetition rate of the electrodes.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic of one embodiment of the invention that employs a pulsed power drilling bit
  • Fig. 1 A shows a perspective view of the pulsed power drilling bit employed in the apparatus of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 2 shows an alternate embodiment of the invention with a drilling apparatus that employs a rotary rock drill bit
  • Fig. 2A shows a more detailed view of the rotary rock drill bit.
  • the present invention may employ pulsed power drilling apparatus or rotary rock drilling apparatus with reverse circulation drilling.
  • Reverse circulation drilling refers to drilling wherein the drilling fluid is passed down the annulus to the outside of the drill string or drill pipe, and then circulated upwards through the drill pipe towards the upper end of the wellbore.
  • drilling is defined as excavating or otherwise breaking and driving through a subterranean formation substrate.
  • bit and “drill bit” are defined as the working portion or end of a tool for providing cutting, drilling, boring, or breaking action on a substrate, such as rock.
  • pulse power is that which results when electrical energy is stored (e.g., in a capacitor or inductor) and then released so that a pulse of current at high peak power is produced.
  • a drilling apparatus 18 for entry into a wellbore 19 of a subterranean formation 20.
  • a tubular drill pipe 22 is provided with an interior space 24 inside the pipe, and an annular space 26 outside the drill pipe 22.
  • a bottom hole assembly 28 is connected to the drill pipe 22 and is located, during drilling, at the lower portion of the wellbore 19.
  • a bit 30 is configured to contact and break the rock of subterranean formation 20.
  • Fig. 1 shows a pulsed power bit 30, but other bits may be employed as further described herein.
  • Drilling fluid is circulated in reverse flow direction, such that the fluid with cuttings flows along direction arrow 40, and then along direction arrow 32. Cuttings are dislodged by the bit 30 and transferred by way of drilling fluid along arrow 32 to upwards in the wellbore 19.
  • a cable 36 is provided for providing a steady source of electricity to downhole motor 34, which drives downhole pump 38 to move the drilling fluid.
  • Fig. 1A shows a perspective view of the bit 30, which in the embodiment of Fig. 1A is a pulsed power bit 30.
  • a conical bit may be employed, especially if controlling the direction of the hole is a primary concern.
  • Such a bit 30 may comprise one or more sets of electrodes for creating the electro-crushing arcs and may optionally comprise mechanical teeth to assist the electro-crushing process.
  • One embodiment of the conical electro-crushing bit has a single set of electrodes arranged coaxially on the bit, as shown in Fig. 2A.
  • conical bit 30 comprises a center electrode 48, the surrounding electrode 44, the housing 42 and mechanical teeth 46 for drilling the rock. Either or both electrodes may be compressible.
  • the surrounding electrode may have mechanical cutting teeth 50 incorporated into the surface to smooth over the rough rock texture produced by the electro-crushing process.
  • the inner portion of the hole is drilled by the electro-crushing portion (i.e., electrodes 48 and 44) of the bit 30, and the outer portion of the hole is drilled by mechanical teeth 46.
  • the geometrical arrangement of the center electrode 48 to the ground ring electrode 44 is conical. It should be recognized that many types of pulsed power bit configurations could be employed in the practice of the invention, and the invention is not limited to only the configuration shown in Fig. 1A. U.S.
  • Patent Publication No. US 2009/0050371 Al to Moeny et al. (See “Moeny") describes various embodiments and technical specifications that may be employed in the application of pulsed power drilling, and is incorporated herein by reference. Further, other pulsed power drilling apparatus and techniques may be employed. Other embodiments of the invention may employ rotary rock bits that do not employ pulsed power, as further described herein in connection with Figs 2 and 2A.
  • Fig. 2 shows an alternate embodiment of the invention of drilling apparatus 60 that employs a rotary rock bit to break the rock to form a borehole by compression upon the rock within subterranean formation 77.
  • a tubular drill pipe 52 comprises an interior space 72 and an annular space 70 on the exterior of the drill pipe 52.
  • a power cable 54 extends into the wellbore 53 and supplied electrical power to downhole motor 56, which drives downhole pump 58, which transports drilling fluid.
  • a bottom hole assembly 62 is positioned upon the end of drill pipe 52, and comprises a bit 64.
  • the bit 64 is a rotary rock bit.
  • a reverse circulation process is employed to circulate the drilling fluid along direction arrow 66 and then into the interior space 72 of the drill pipe 52.
  • Drilling fluid picks up rock cuttings generated by bit 64 and transports them along direction arrow 68 and arrow 74 upwards in drill pipe 52 in a reverse circulation flow direction.
  • Fig. 2A illustrates rotary rock bit 64, which in this particular example is a tricone style bit 64.
  • the bit 64 has teeth 76 for contact with rock of the subterranean formation 77.
  • a drill bit is provided upon which is disposed one or more sets of electrodes.
  • the electrodes are disposed so that a gap is formed between them and the electrodes are disposed on the drill bit so that they are oriented along a face of the drill bit. Electrodes between which an electrical current passes through a mineral substrate (e.g., rock) are not on opposite sides of the rock. Also, in this embodiment, it is not necessary that all electrodes touch the mineral substrate as the current is being applied.
  • Electro- crushing drilling can be accomplished, for example, with a flat-end cylindrical bit with one or more electrode sets. These electrodes can be arranged in a coaxial configuration, as one example.
  • the electrocrushing drilling process does not require rotation of the bit, but in some instances bit rotation may be desirable.
  • the electro-crushing drilling process is capable of excavating the hole beyond the edges of the bit without the need of mechanical teeth.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un appareil et sur un procédé pour forer un trou de forage dans une formation souterraine avec une circulation inverse de fluide de forage. Un tuyau de forage tubulaire s'étend dans une formation souterraine. Un ensemble fond de trou relié au tuyau de forage comprend un trépan de forage pour excaver la formation souterraine. Un moteur de fond de trou est adapté à recevoir une alimentation électrique à partir d'un câble s'étendant dans la formation souterraine. Une pompe de fond de trou est entraînée par le moteur, et est configurée pour une circulation inverse de fluide de forage à partir de l'espace annulaire entourant le tuyau de forage vers l'espace intérieur du tuyau de forage. Le fluide de forage est pompé vers le haut dans le tuyau de forage par la pompe de fond de trou de façon à acheminer des carottes excavées vers le haut à travers l'espace intérieur du tuyau de forage.
PCT/US2012/063716 2011-11-08 2012-11-06 Appareil et procédé pour forer un trou de forage dans une formation souterraine Ceased WO2013070609A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201280054790.0A CN103917736A (zh) 2011-11-08 2012-11-06 用于在地层中钻井眼的装置和方法
EP12846993.9A EP2776656A4 (fr) 2011-11-08 2012-11-06 Appareil et procédé pour forer un trou de forage dans une formation souterraine
AU2012336022A AU2012336022A1 (en) 2011-11-08 2012-11-06 Apparatus and process for drilling a borehole in a subterranean formation
EA201490942A EA201490942A1 (ru) 2011-11-08 2012-11-06 Устройство и способ бурения скважин в подземном пласте
CA2854812A CA2854812A1 (fr) 2011-11-08 2012-11-06 Appareil et procede pour forer un trou de forage dans une formation souterraine

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201161556986P 2011-11-08 2011-11-08
US61/556,986 2011-11-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2013070609A1 true WO2013070609A1 (fr) 2013-05-16

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ID=48222949

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2012/063716 Ceased WO2013070609A1 (fr) 2011-11-08 2012-11-06 Appareil et procédé pour forer un trou de forage dans une formation souterraine

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20130112482A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2776656A4 (fr)
CN (1) CN103917736A (fr)
AU (1) AU2012336022A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2854812A1 (fr)
EA (1) EA201490942A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013070609A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018071020A1 (fr) * 2016-10-13 2018-04-19 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Transformateur résonant destiné à un forage par électro-écrasement de fond de trou
FR3064666A1 (fr) * 2017-04-03 2018-10-05 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Transformateur d'impulsion pour forage par electroconcassage en fond de puits
US11261679B1 (en) * 2020-08-26 2022-03-01 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Method and apparatus to cure drilling losses with an electrically triggered lost circulation material

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US10060195B2 (en) * 2006-06-29 2018-08-28 Sdg Llc Repetitive pulsed electric discharge apparatuses and methods of use
US10407995B2 (en) 2012-07-05 2019-09-10 Sdg Llc Repetitive pulsed electric discharge drills including downhole formation evaluation
WO2014189491A1 (fr) * 2013-05-21 2014-11-27 Halliburton Energy Serviices, Inc. Procédés et systèmes de forage à haute tension utilisant un moyen de transport par train de tiges de forage hybride
CA2962002C (fr) 2013-09-23 2021-11-09 Sdg Llc Procede et appareil pour isoler et commuter desimpulsions-basse tension en impulsions haute tension dans des forets d'electro-broyage et electrohydrauliques
CN103615191B (zh) * 2013-12-06 2015-08-12 中国石油大学(北京) 泵压反循环钻井方法及系统
NO339566B1 (no) * 2014-04-08 2017-01-02 Unodrill As Hybrid borkrone
WO2015160417A1 (fr) * 2014-04-15 2015-10-22 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Formation de puits de forage sous-marin
CN104179455A (zh) * 2014-08-25 2014-12-03 江苏长城石油装备制造有限公司 一种钻头防堵管装置
US11015107B2 (en) 2015-04-14 2021-05-25 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Methods of cleaning invert emulsion drilling fluids
WO2017058151A1 (fr) * 2015-09-29 2017-04-06 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Circulation inverse de puits de forage avec moteur activé par écoulement
US10717915B2 (en) 2016-06-16 2020-07-21 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Drilling fluid for downhole electrocrushing drilling
CA3023448C (fr) 2016-06-16 2020-06-30 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Fluide de forage pour forage par electroconcassage en fond de trou
CA3022524C (fr) 2016-06-16 2020-06-30 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Fluide de forage pour forage par electroconcassage en fond de trou
BR112018073622B1 (pt) 2016-06-16 2023-02-14 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Método de formação de um fluido de perfuração de eletroesmagamento
CA3022613C (fr) 2016-06-16 2021-01-26 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Fluide de forage pour forage par electro-concassage en fond de trou
US20220364464A1 (en) * 2019-10-02 2022-11-17 Rig Technologies International Pty Ltd Improvements in or relating to assessment of mining deposits
US11525306B2 (en) 2020-04-06 2022-12-13 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Pulsed-power drill bit ground ring with two portions
US11585156B2 (en) 2020-04-06 2023-02-21 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Pulsed-power drill bit ground ring with abrasive material

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US7066283B2 (en) * 2002-08-21 2006-06-27 Presssol Ltd. Reverse circulation directional and horizontal drilling using concentric coil tubing
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US7066283B2 (en) * 2002-08-21 2006-06-27 Presssol Ltd. Reverse circulation directional and horizontal drilling using concentric coil tubing
US20090050371A1 (en) * 2004-08-20 2009-02-26 Tetra Corporation Pulsed Electric Rock Drilling Apparatus with Non-Rotating Bit and Directional Control
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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018071020A1 (fr) * 2016-10-13 2018-04-19 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Transformateur résonant destiné à un forage par électro-écrasement de fond de trou
US10472894B2 (en) 2016-10-13 2019-11-12 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Resonant transformer for downhole electrocrushing drilling
FR3064666A1 (fr) * 2017-04-03 2018-10-05 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Transformateur d'impulsion pour forage par electroconcassage en fond de puits
WO2018186828A1 (fr) * 2017-04-03 2018-10-11 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Transformateur d'impulsions destiné à un forage par électro-écrasement de fond de trou
US10718163B2 (en) 2017-04-03 2020-07-21 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Pulse transformer for downhole electrocrushing drilling
US11261679B1 (en) * 2020-08-26 2022-03-01 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Method and apparatus to cure drilling losses with an electrically triggered lost circulation material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2776656A1 (fr) 2014-09-17
CA2854812A1 (fr) 2013-05-16
US20130112482A1 (en) 2013-05-09
AU2012336022A1 (en) 2014-05-15
EP2776656A4 (fr) 2016-04-13
CN103917736A (zh) 2014-07-09
EA201490942A1 (ru) 2014-08-29

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