WO2013075882A1 - Centrale hydroélectrique et procédé de régulation primaire d'une centrale hydroélectrique - Google Patents

Centrale hydroélectrique et procédé de régulation primaire d'une centrale hydroélectrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013075882A1
WO2013075882A1 PCT/EP2012/070039 EP2012070039W WO2013075882A1 WO 2013075882 A1 WO2013075882 A1 WO 2013075882A1 EP 2012070039 W EP2012070039 W EP 2012070039W WO 2013075882 A1 WO2013075882 A1 WO 2013075882A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flywheel
turbine
power
plant
generator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2012/070039
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Oliver Hesse
Ralf Grether
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Voith Patent GmbH
Original Assignee
Voith Patent GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Voith Patent GmbH filed Critical Voith Patent GmbH
Publication of WO2013075882A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013075882A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B15/00—Controlling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
    • F05B2270/103—Purpose of the control system to affect the output of the engine
    • F05B2270/1033—Power (if explicitly mentioned)
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hydroelectric plant according to the closer defined in the preamble of claim 1. Art also relates to a method for
  • Hydroelectric power plants are known from the general state of the art. They use a height difference between a so-called upper water and a so-called underwater, to guide the water when flowing from the upper water to the underwater through a turbine. The pressure difference resulting from the height difference is converted into mechanical energy in the area of the turbine. The turbine then drives a generator, which converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy to make it available for electrical consumers.
  • hydroelectric power plants are used in such a way that the hydroelectric power plants generated in the area of hydropower plants
  • electrical power is provided to an electrical power grid. Now it is like that electrical power grids
  • the supplied electrical power is regulated so that it contributes to the support of a stable network frequency. In power plant engineering this is called primary control.
  • the primary control in the area of a hydroelectric power plant is now typically carried out so that actuators for influencing the electrical power at the turbine in dependence on an actual value of the grid frequency for influencing the
  • Turbine power adjusted to achieve a target value of the grid frequency. This procedure is known from the general state of the art. It requires turbines with corresponding actuators, which adjusted with a comparatively large number of actuating movements per unit time be able to meet the requirements of the primary control to the turbine.
  • the object of the present invention is now a
  • the hydroelectric power plant according to the invention uses a flywheel storage device coupled to the generator, which, for example in the case of a pumped storage power plant, can also be designed as a motor generator.
  • Flywheel accumulator in coupling with the generator can be used to equalize the power output of the generator.
  • one is such structure very well suited for the flywheel storage is used in the primary control, ie the maintenance of a constant grid frequency, by a variation of the power of the hydroelectric power plant.
  • Flywheel accumulator can be decelerated from an existing energy content to provide additional power and so on
  • Flywheel storage also be used for other applications. If, for example, the turbine and the generator in the hydropower plant are shut down, then the flywheel of the turbine can be slowed down during deceleration
  • Flywheel accumulator can be charged to a maximum energy content. It can then for example during the standstill of the turbine for
  • Own energy supply within the hydroelectric power plant can be used.
  • it can also be used to supply energy when restarting the at least one turbine and generator set.
  • the energy efficiency of the hydroelectric power plant as a whole can thus be increased.
  • Flywheel accumulator has an electric machine with which a
  • Flywheel of the flywheel accumulator is connected, wherein the electric Machine and the at least one generator are electrically coupled.
  • Such an electrical coupling makes it possible to arrange the flywheel independently of the generator in the hydroelectric power plant and to couple one or more generators, for example via a flywheel, to a plurality of generators or also via a plurality of flywheels.
  • This is advantageous in terms of spatial flexibility and the design of the flywheel storage, since such a flywheel storage can be used, which is structurally independent of the generator realized.
  • This is particularly advantageous because the generators are typically designed as a one-off and thus adaptation effort can be saved at the flywheel storage.
  • the electric machine is designed as an external rotor, wherein a rotor is rotatably connected to the flywheel of the flywheel storage.
  • a rotor is rotatably connected to the flywheel of the flywheel storage.
  • the flywheel rotates in a space under negative pressure, so as to reduce deceleration by air friction.
  • the rotor of the electric machine is disposed within the negative-pressure space and the stator of the electric machine outside the negative-pressure space. The boundary of the space under negative pressure or vacuum, in which the flywheel rotates, is thus placed between the rotor and the stator of the electric machine designed as an external rotor. Without additional effort, and without the space under vacuum through seals or To have to penetrate the like, so a very energy-efficient design can be realized.
  • a flywheel of the flywheel storage is magnetically mounted.
  • Such a magnetic bearing, which is non-contact, is also in terms of
  • flywheel storage are each formed in modular units, depending on the required power and / or energy content required a corresponding number of modular units is used. This structure with several flywheel storage in the
  • Hydroelectric power plant allows a modular construction of the flywheel storage.
  • the individual modular units can be designed in particular exactly the same and with the same energy content or the same performance.
  • the required storage capacity through the
  • flywheel storage for example, the power required due to the primary control in the requirements of the respective power grid. Modularization of the units makes them simple and efficient in their design. Cost advantages in terms of larger numbers can be realized and an adjustment of the required storage capacity is easy and without the construction of special flywheel storage for the particular application possible.
  • Part of the invention is also a method for primary control of a
  • Hydroelectric power plant wherein the electrical power output from the hydroelectric power plant in response to an actual value of a mains frequency of the electrical power receiving electrical supply network is adjusted.
  • the primary control is therefore as far as possible in the manner already described above via a
  • actuators and bearings can be made simpler and easier, so that overall a cost-effective structure with
  • the regulation of the first and possibly second actuators takes place in such a way that the required power is dependent on the frequency as well as a power requirement for charging the flywheel storage or a supply of power is supplied by braking the flywheel storage.
  • Hydroelectric power plant as always optimized in terms of efficiency case can be used for the control of the turbine, while the required by the primary control balancing the power of the hydropower plant via stored and output power of the flywheel storage takes place. Since due to the primary control unneeded power is not completely regulated, but is stored in the flywheel storage, this can be used at least in part the next need for extra power, so that the primary control in the hydropower plant according to the invention not only very gentle for the actuators of the turbine, but also very energy efficient is possible. Further advantageous embodiments of the hydroelectric power plant according to the invention and of the method will become apparent from the remaining dependent claims and will be apparent from the embodiment, which will be described below with reference to the figures.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a relevant to the invention section of a hydroelectric power plant
  • FIG. 2 shows a measured course of a network frequency
  • Figure 3 shows an alternative embodiment of the relevant section of a hydroelectric plant
  • FIG. 4 is an illustration of the power curve and the energy content of the
  • Figure 5 is a schematic representation of an exemplary hydropower plant according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 In the illustration of Figure 1 is a relevant to the invention section of a hydroelectric power plant 1, which is not shown in its entirety, to recognize.
  • the core of the section shown forms a machine set 2, which comprises a generator 3 and, by way of example, a Kaplan turbine 4. These are via a common shaft 5, which in the illustrated
  • Embodiment is formed parallel to gravity connected.
  • the Kaplan turbine 4 itself has so-called turbine blades 6, which are also referred to as wings on. These turbine blades 6 are, as it is indicated by the example of one of the turbine blades 6 by a double arrow, adjustable educated. They form the first actuators of the Kaplan turbine 4, which is designed as a double-regulated turbine 4 in total.
  • the second actuators are formed by vanes 7 in a nozzle, which influences the supply of water to the Kaplan turbine 4.
  • these vanes 7 are adjustable. They thus influence the amount of water which flows through the so-called pressure pipe from an upper water of the hydroelectric power plant 1 via the spiral 9 to the Kaplan turbine 4. After the turbine 4 has passed, the water flows through a so-called suction pipe 10 into the underwater.
  • the grid frequency in the electrical supply grid 12 is kept constant within comparatively narrow limits.
  • the typical mains frequency in Europe is about 50 Hz, in the United States about 60 Hz.
  • the hydroelectric power plant 1 supports the constancy of the grid frequency by the so-called primary control. This means that the power output of the generator 3 in the electrical network 12 based on the
  • Mains frequency is tracked. For this purpose, a control of the
  • Turbine blades 6 as the first actuators of the so-called optimal context applies. This means that the adjusting movements always in an optimal
  • a flywheel storage 13 is provided with a flywheel 14 in the hydropower plant 1 shown here.
  • the flywheel accumulator 13 and its flywheel 14 are in the embodiment shown here with the extended beyond the generator 3 addition shaft 5 via a switchable
  • This switchable magnetic coupling 15 can be formed, for example, from permanent magnets in the region of the flywheel 14, which can be "connected” with switchable (electric) magnets in the region of the shaft 5 if required directly mechanically or via a magnetic interaction 5 and the flywheel 14 to match each other, also in the here in principle executed representation not recognizable gear stage between the shaft 5 and the flywheel 14 and the magnetic clutch 15 may be present.
  • switchable magnetic coupling 15 would of course also alternatives such as a mechanical or a
  • Flywheel accumulator 13 to the generator 3 shown in principle.
  • the coupling is electrically formed in the embodiment shown in Figure 3.
  • the flywheel storage device 13 is for this purpose via an inverter 16 in the power plant internal part of an electrical network 17, which is hereinafter referred to as internal network 17, coupled. Also here only
  • flywheel accumulator 13 The design of the flywheel accumulator 13 with the flywheel 14 is shown here in somewhat greater detail.
  • the massed flywheel 14 runs in a space under negative pressure 18, in particular a space under vacuum or high vacuum, about an axis of rotation 19 to.
  • the axis of rotation 19 can, as indicated here, run in the direction of gravity. In this case, this is referred to as a "vertical axis of rotation.”
  • a so-called “horizontal axis of rotation” that is to say a rotation axis extending perpendicularly to the axis of gravity, would also be conceivable.
  • the evacuated space 18 is to be evacuated, for example via a vacuum pump, not shown here, to an absolute pressure of less than 0.01 mbar.
  • the flywheel 14 itself which in the illustration of Figure 3 from fiber-reinforced, in particular carbon fiber reinforced, plastic is to be formed, is mounted on magnetic bearings 20, 21.
  • the magnetic bearing with the reference numeral 20 shown above in the figure of Figure 3 is to be designed as a magnetic radial bearing 20.
  • the magnetic bearing with the reference numeral 21 shown below in the illustration of Figure 3 should be designed as a combined radial / axial bearing 21. She is in the process
  • the magnetic bearings 20, 21 can be formed both active and passive. In particular, the magnetic bearings 20, 21 so
  • the carrying capacity of the flywheel 14 and its basic storage ensured.
  • the storage stability is ensured and it can be dynamically adjusted fluctuations, positional deviations, vibrations and the like, since such "disturbances" by means of an active
  • triggered magnetic bearing 20, 21 can be reacted by a control in a conventional manner.
  • a magnetic bearing 20, 21 allows a very low-loss storage of the flywheel 14, so that the energy on the inertia of the mass flywheel 14 can be stored in the flywheel storage 13 over a relatively long period of time with minimal losses.
  • the flywheel accumulator 13 shown in FIG. 3 now also has an electric machine 22.
  • This in turn has a rotor 23 and a Stator 24 on.
  • the structure of the electric machine 22 is realized as a so-called external rotor.
  • the stator 24 is fixed in the interior of the electric machine 22 and is connected via the indicated line to the inverter 16, which in turn is in turn connected to the internal network 17 and above with the supply network 12.
  • the structure can be used in various supply networks 12, for example in medium-voltage networks with voltages of the order of 5 to 15 kV or in so-called high-power networks in the medium-voltage range, which usually have a voltage level of 34 kV.
  • the magnetic coupling which is present anyway between the rotor 23 and the stator 24 of the electric machine 22 is used to store energy in the flywheel accumulator 13 or from there
  • flywheel accumulator 13 for example, by a mechanical, magnetic or hydrodynamic coupling, as described in the illustration of Figure 1, or with the electrical coupling, as described in Figure 3, there is now the
  • the hydroelectric power plant 1 can always provide a power required as a function of the grid frequency f or its nominal value A, in order thus to ensure the most constant grid frequency f in the electrical grid 12.
  • the hydroelectric power plant 1 uses two different mechanisms. These mechanisms are coupled with one another in terms of control engineering. They consist on the one hand, as already described above and common in the conventional constructions, from a power control of the turbine 4 by adjusting the
  • Turbine blades 6 and the guide vanes 7 of the distributor will typically always adjusted together to the so-called
  • the flywheel accumulator 13 can in fact be used in both embodiments described so far to absorb power from the internal network 17, whereby the flywheel 14 is accelerated accordingly, or to deliver power to the internal network 17, whereby the flywheel 14 is decelerated accordingly.
  • Hydroelectric power plant 1 now depending on the actual value A of the grid frequency f of the electrical supply network 12, the power that the hydroelectric power plant 1 outputs to the outside, must vary very dynamically, this must dynamic
  • Flywheel storage 13 leads to a reduction of power in the internal network 17.
  • a variation of the power by means of the flywheel storage 13 thus allows highly dynamic, to pursue the required power values as a function of the actual value A of the network frequency f.
  • this is shown for a section of the profile A of the network frequency f shown in FIG.
  • the section corresponds approximately to the first third of the frequency profile A shown in Figure 2.
  • On the X-axis of the diagram in Figure 4 is here
  • the time t applied On the first Y-axis shown on the right, the power P of the flywheel 13 is shown. This varies by a designated zero line between -100 and +100%, ie the maximum maximum or maximum achievable power of the flywheel storage 13. On the second Y-axis shown on the left, the energy content E of the flywheel storage is shown. The curve labeled e shows the energy content at the time.
  • Curve shows the performance curve of the flywheel storage 13. Now it is so that at time zero, the flywheel storage with a predetermined
  • Flywheel 14 or with these speeds corresponding quantities is determined, then must be influenced by a common control 25, which is exemplified in the later explained illustration of Figure 5, the first and second actuators 6, 7 of the turbine 4 for primary control , The times at which this is necessary are marked x in the representation of FIG. 4 in the region of the time axis t. It can clearly be seen that such readjustment of the actuators 6, 7 is only necessary at six times. If one now considers that the representation of the frequency f in FIG.
  • flywheel storage 13 In addition to the application to the primary control of the flywheel storage 13 can of course also be used to power the internal network 17 when the machine set 2 of the hydroelectric power plant 1 is at a standstill, if the energy storage 13 has been previously loaded. Depending on the configuration of the flywheel storage 13, energy can thus be supplied from the flywheel storage 13 for the internal network and thus the own energy supply of the hydroelectric power plant 1 over a more or less long time.
  • the stored in the flywheel storage 13 energy can also be used in a restart of the engine set 2 to the
  • hydroelectric power plant 1 As is common in hydroelectric power plants 1, the hydroelectric power plant 1 has several sets of machines 2, in this case
  • the turbines 4 may in turn be designed as Kaplan turbines.
  • the use of other turbines would be conceivable, for example the use of Francis turbines, which can then be influenced only via a diffuser with vanes 7 as a single actuator in their performance.
  • generators 3 and motor-generators could be used, especially when it comes to the hydroelectric power plant 1 to a
  • the three sets of machines 2 and their generators 3 are connected via the internal network 17 with an electrical network coupling 11 and via this to the electrical supply network 12.
  • the electrical network coupling 11 may in particular comprise a converter and various switching devices.
  • four flywheel storage 13 can be seen, which are connected via their respective inverter 16 to the internal network 17. They can be used in the manner described above first and foremost for the primary control of the hydropower plant 1. The control takes place in the by the reference numeral 25th
  • Modules in the exemplary embodiment illustrated here, four such modules are then integrated into the internal network 17 in each case via their integrated converter 16.
  • the number of modules can be varied according to the rated power of all generators 3 used accordingly, for example, so that the power of all flywheel storage 13 is formed together in the order of 1/100 to 1/20 to the rated power of all generators 3 together. Due to the modular structure of the individual flywheel storage 13, these can be formed independently of the machine sets 2 of the hydroelectric power plant 1 and produce simple and efficient using numerous identical parts. Depending on the required storage capacity of the flywheel storage 13 then the appropriate number of flywheel storage 13 or modules of the flywheel storage 13 is installed in the hydroelectric power plant 1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

Centrale hydroélectrique qui comporte au moins une turbine mécaniquement accouplée à au moins un générateur. Au moins un accumulateur à volant d'inertie est accouplé au générateur. L'accumulateur à volant d'inertie comporte un moteur électrique auquel est accouplé un volant d'inertie. Le moteur électrique et le ou les générateurs sont électriquement connectés.
PCT/EP2012/070039 2011-11-25 2012-10-10 Centrale hydroélectrique et procédé de régulation primaire d'une centrale hydroélectrique Ceased WO2013075882A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011119384.0 2011-11-25
DE102011119384A DE102011119384B3 (de) 2011-11-25 2011-11-25 Wasserkraftwerk und Verfahren zu Primärregelung eines Wasserkraftwerks

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WO2013075882A1 true WO2013075882A1 (fr) 2013-05-30

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WO (1) WO2013075882A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113489230A (zh) * 2021-07-13 2021-10-08 坎德拉(深圳)新能源科技有限公司 基于飞轮储能技术的新型调频系统

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FI130474B (en) * 2018-06-06 2023-09-25 Upm Energy Oy Method and arrangement for using hydroelectric power as a power reserve
FR3112038B1 (fr) 2020-06-30 2022-06-03 Inst Supergrid Système de production d'électricité comprenant une turbine hydraulique, avec une réponse dynamique améliorée

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CH235106A (de) * 1941-10-30 1944-11-15 Voith Gmbh J M Einrichtung zum Einhalten der Beharrungsdrehzahl von in Wasserturbinenanlagen aufgestellten Wasserturbinen.
US3140854A (en) * 1961-10-31 1964-07-14 Dominion Eng Works Ltd Speed limiting device for turbines
WO2008068760A2 (fr) * 2006-12-06 2008-06-12 Haim Noked Production d'énergie à partir d'une source d'eau artificielle

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CH235106A (de) * 1941-10-30 1944-11-15 Voith Gmbh J M Einrichtung zum Einhalten der Beharrungsdrehzahl von in Wasserturbinenanlagen aufgestellten Wasserturbinen.
US3140854A (en) * 1961-10-31 1964-07-14 Dominion Eng Works Ltd Speed limiting device for turbines
WO2008068760A2 (fr) * 2006-12-06 2008-06-12 Haim Noked Production d'énergie à partir d'une source d'eau artificielle

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113489230A (zh) * 2021-07-13 2021-10-08 坎德拉(深圳)新能源科技有限公司 基于飞轮储能技术的新型调频系统

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