WO2013104260A1 - 天线控制系统和多频共用天线 - Google Patents

天线控制系统和多频共用天线 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013104260A1
WO2013104260A1 PCT/CN2012/087783 CN2012087783W WO2013104260A1 WO 2013104260 A1 WO2013104260 A1 WO 2013104260A1 CN 2012087783 W CN2012087783 W CN 2012087783W WO 2013104260 A1 WO2013104260 A1 WO 2013104260A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
frequency
low
axis
band
radiation array
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2012/087783
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙善球
贾飞飞
刘培涛
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Comba Network Systems Co Ltd
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Comba Telecom Systems China Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Comba Telecom Systems China Ltd filed Critical Comba Telecom Systems China Ltd
Priority to ES12865113.0T priority Critical patent/ES2673127T3/es
Priority to US14/371,369 priority patent/US9559432B2/en
Priority to IN6478DEN2014 priority patent/IN2014DN06478A/en
Priority to BR112014017345A priority patent/BR112014017345A2/pt
Priority to EP12865113.0A priority patent/EP2804260B1/en
Priority to CN201280065830.1A priority patent/CN104221218B/zh
Publication of WO2013104260A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013104260A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H01Q21/26—Turnstile or like antennas comprising arrangements of three or more elongated elements disposed radially and symmetrically in a horizontal plane about a common centre
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/108—Combination of a dipole with a plane reflecting surface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
    • H01Q5/42—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements using two or more imbricated arrays

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of mobile communication antennas, and in particular, to a multi-frequency shared antenna and an antenna control system based on a multi-frequency shared antenna.
  • the multi-frequency shared antenna array scheme in the industry mainly has two structures, one is a coaxial nesting scheme as shown in FIG. 1, in which the low-frequency radiating unit 1a and the high-frequency radiating unit 2a are coaxially arranged in reflection.
  • Side By A side abutment scheme which sets the low frequency radiating element 1b and the high frequency radiating element 2b on the adjacent axes 4b, 5b of the reflecting plate 3b, respectively.
  • Side is adjacent to the program, so it is more popular with customers.
  • the pitch of the low-frequency radiating elements 1a arranged in line is not equal to an integral multiple of the pitch of the high-frequency radiating elements 2a, the orthographic projection surface formed by the projection onto the reflecting plate cannot be embedded with the high-frequency radiating element 2a.
  • the radiating arms of the low-frequency radiating element 1a of the set may fall over the high-frequency radiating element, and overlap (cross-overlap between the low-frequency radiating element 1c and the high-frequency radiating element 2c as shown in FIG. 3), thereby illuminating the high-frequency radiating element
  • the high-frequency radiation array formed by 2a produces severe interference, which greatly increases the design difficulty of the radiation characteristics of the high-band radiation array.
  • the range of the low-band radiation array spacing is generally 250mm for the balance gain and the upper sidelobe suppression after the electrical downtilt. ⁇ 300mm, the selection range of the high-frequency radiation array spacing is generally 105mm ⁇ 115mm, no matter what kind of array spacing is selected from the above range, the high-frequency radiating unit 2b and the low-frequency radiating unit 1b are all coaxial.
  • the radiation arm of the partial low-frequency radiation unit 1b falls above the high-frequency radiation unit 2b, thereby causing serious interference to the high-frequency radiation unit 2b, greatly increasing the design difficulty of the radiation characteristics of the high-band radiation array, such as by reducing the low-frequency radiation unit 1b.
  • the projected area solves this problem, and the horizontal half-power beam width of the low-frequency radiating element 1b is correspondingly widened, and the desired result is not obtained.
  • the second is to use in a three-frequency ESC antenna including a low-band radiation array and two high-band radiation arrays with the same frequency band.
  • the two solutions of the prior art are as shown in Figure 4, directly on the antenna. Adding a set of high-band radiation arrays in the vertical direction, the disadvantage of this scheme is that the antenna length is greatly increased, and the upper half of the high-band radiation array increases the transmission loss due to the growth of the main feeder, and the antenna gain decreases; As shown in Figure 5, a set of high-band radiation arrays is added next to the original antenna.
  • the disadvantage of this scheme is that the antenna width is greatly increased, and since the low-frequency radiating elements are all on one side of the high-frequency radiating element, the low-band radiation array and the high-band radiation array Due to the severe asymmetry of the left and right radiation boundaries, and the mutual influence between the two arrays, the horizontal beam pointing deflection and the cross-polarization ratio of the two arrays are difficult to design, and the design difficulty is greatly increased.
  • a first object of the present invention is to provide a multi-frequency shared antenna that ensures a reasonable antenna size and good electrical performance.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide an antenna control system to make the multi-frequency shared antenna more suitable for field applications.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • the multi-frequency shared antenna of the present invention comprises a low-band radiation array and a first high-band radiation array fed by different feed networks disposed on the reflector. among them:
  • the low frequency radiation array includes a plurality of low frequency radiation units coaxially disposed along at least two axes parallel to each other, and the low frequency radiation units on the two axes are offset from each other in an orthogonal direction of the axes;
  • the spacing between the two axes of the low-band radiation array is less than or equal to one-half of the highest operating frequency of the low-band radiation array, and greater than or equal to one-half of the highest operating frequency of the high-band radiation array. ;
  • Each of the low frequency radiating elements includes two pairs of symmetric vibrators arranged orthogonally to each other, and two of the pair of symmetric vibrators of at least one of the low frequency radiating elements of the low frequency radiating array have different Feed power setting;
  • the first high-band radiation array includes a plurality of high-frequency radiation units, at least a portion of the high-band radiation units are coaxially arranged along the same axis, and the axis coincides with one of the axes of the low-band radiation array, and the axis is In the arranged high-band radiation unit, at least some of the high-band radiating elements are nested in the low-band radiating elements on the same axis, and the orthographic projection areas of the nested high-band radiating elements on the reflecting plate fall correspondingly The low frequency radiating element is within the area of the orthographic projection of the reflector.
  • any two adjacent low-frequency radiation units disposed on different axes are a group, and the same polarization in the group
  • the symmetric axes of the first axis and the second axis of the two axes are referenced, and the symmetric vibrators adjacent to the axis of symmetry are fed with equal or substantially equal symmetrical oscillators away from the axis of symmetry.
  • the feed powers are equal or substantially equal, and the feed power of the former is greater than the feed power of the latter.
  • the left axis of the axis of symmetry is equal or substantially equal to the sum of the feed powers of the symmetric vibrators adjacent to the right of the axis of symmetry, and the feed of the symmetric vibrators farther away from the left of the axis of symmetry
  • the sum of the input powers is equal or substantially equal to the sum of the feed powers of the symmetric vibrators farther from the right of the axis of symmetry, and the feed power and value of the former are greater than the feed power and value of the latter.
  • the multi-frequency shared antenna comprises a second high-band radiation array fed by another feed network, the second high-band radiation array comprising a plurality of high-frequency radiation units, at least partially along The same axis is coaxially arranged; the axis of the first high frequency radiation array and the axis of the second high frequency radiation array are adjacent to each other and in parallel.
  • the axis of the second high-band radiation array coincides with an axis of the low-band radiation array, and at least a portion of the high-band radiation units of the second high-band radiation array are nested on the same axis.
  • the low-band radiating element, and the orthographic projection area of the nested high-band radiating elements on the reflecting plate falls within the range of the orthographic projection area of the corresponding low-band radiating element on the reflecting plate.
  • a plurality of low frequency radiating elements of the low frequency radiation array are routed along the axis of symmetry at an axial side of the axis of symmetry of the axes of the first and second high frequency radiation columns.
  • the multi-frequency shared antenna includes third and fourth high-band radiation arrays that are separately fed by another feed network, the axis of the third high-band radiation array and the first high-band radiation
  • the extension lines of the axis of the array coincide
  • the axis of the fourth high frequency radiation array coincides with the axis extension line of the second high frequency radiation array
  • the third and fourth high frequency radiation arrays are within the axis extension line, each of which belongs to
  • the low frequency radiating elements of the low frequency radiation array are nested, and the orthographic projection areas of the nested high frequency radiating elements on the reflecting plate fall within a range of orthographic projection areas of the corresponding low frequency radiating elements on the reflecting plate. within.
  • the multi-frequency shared antenna includes third and fourth high-band radiation arrays independently of the first and second high-band radiation arrays that are independently fed by the additional feed network, and includes a second low-band radiation array independently fed by another feed network, and a second low-band radiation array and the third and fourth high-band radiation arrays are assembled with the same structure as the above-mentioned structure
  • the formed axis is disposed in parallel with each of the aforementioned axes.
  • another portion of the high frequency radiation unit of the first high frequency radiation array is coaxially disposed along another axis, and the high frequency radiation unit disposed on each axis of the first high frequency radiation array is The axes are offset from each other in the orthogonal direction.
  • the low frequency band radiation array and the first high frequency band radiation array are both distributed on two axes, each of which is overlapped by one axis, and the other axis of each other is coincident with respect to the pair.
  • the axis is symmetrically set.
  • the radiant arms of the symmetrical vibrators of any of the low frequency radiating elements and the orthographic projections of the radiating arms of the symmetrical vibrators of any of the high frequency radiating elements in the direction of the reflecting plate do not interfere with each other.
  • the spacing between adjacent two axes of the low-band radiation array is less than or equal to the maximum orthographic projection of a single low-frequency radiating element disposed on the axes size.
  • a plurality of low-frequency radiating elements having an odd number of positions are arranged on one axis of the low-band radiation array, and a plurality of low-frequency radiating elements having an even number are arranged in the low frequency band. On the other axis of the radiation array.
  • a plurality of discrete low-frequency radiation units are arranged on one axis of the low-band radiation array, and a plurality of consecutive low-frequency radiation units are arranged in the low-band radiation array. On the other axis.
  • the high frequency radiation unit and/or the low frequency radiation unit is a planar printed radiation unit or a patch oscillator.
  • the maximum dimension of the radiating aperture surface of the low frequency radiating element is less than 150 mm.
  • An antenna control system comprising the multi-frequency shared antenna described above, further comprising a phase shifter for changing a phase of a signal supplied to a radiating element inside the antenna, the phase shifter having The sliding of the first component and the second component relative to the second component results in a change in the phase of the signal flowing through the phase shifter.
  • the system includes an electromechanical drive component having a power control unit, a motor and a mechanical drive unit, the power control unit responsive to an external control signal to drive the motor to operate in a predetermined amount, The predetermined amount of motion of the motor acts on the first component of the phase shifter by the torque provided by the mechanical drive unit to effect phase shifting.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the low-band radiation array and the high-band radiation array coaxial nesting scheme Compared with the low-band radiation array and the high-band radiation array coaxial nesting scheme, by dividing the low-band radiation array into two or more groups distributed on different axes, one or more low-frequency radiation units are arranged in each group, One set is coincident with the axis of the high-band radiation array, and when the spacing of the low-frequency radiating elements arranged in the same line is not equal to an integral multiple of the spacing of the high-band radiating elements, the low in the aforementioned coaxial nesting scheme can be avoided.
  • the band radiating element interferes with the orthographic projection surface of the high-frequency radiating element on the orthographic projection surface of the reflecting plate, thereby greatly reducing the design difficulty of the high- and low-band radiation array.
  • the two high-band radiation arrays When used in a tri-band shared antenna comprising a low-band radiation array and two high-band radiation arrays of the same frequency band, the two high-band radiation arrays each have at least a portion of the high-band radiation elements disposed along substantially parallel axes, and Respectively coincident with one of the axes of the low-band radiation array, and at least a portion of the high-band radiating elements on each axis are nested in the low-band radiating elements on the same axis, avoiding the direct Adding a high-band radiation array in the vertical direction of the antenna reduces the gain and multiplies the overall length of the antenna.
  • one or more low-frequency radiation units are arranged in each group by dividing the low-band radiation array into two or more groups distributed on different axes, one of which is The group coincides with the axis of the high-band radiation array, and the low-band radiation unit on one side of the high-band radiation array is greatly reduced, and the high-band radiation unit on the side of the low-band radiation array is also greatly reduced, the low-band radiation array and the high-band radiation.
  • the problem of severe asymmetry of the left and right radiation boundaries of the array is improved.
  • the indicators such as horizontal beam deflection and cross-polarization ratio are improved, and the design difficulty is reduced.
  • adjusting the low-band radiation array by less than or equal to one-half of the highest operating frequency of the low-band radiation array and greater than or equal to one-half of the highest operating frequency of the high-band radiation array.
  • the low-band radiation array not only achieves the desired absolute value of the horizontal half-power beamwidth, but also easily achieves excellent horizontal half-power beamwidth convergence, such as achieving a horizontal half-power beamwidth of 62 ⁇ 3 in the 790-960 MHz band. Within a degree, it is difficult or impossible to achieve when the low-band radiation array is nested with the high-band radiation array or when the low-band radiation array is adjacent to the high-band radiation array.
  • the vertical half-power beam width of the low-band radiation array is broadened, and the low-band radiation is achieved due to excellent horizontal half-power beamwidth convergence.
  • the minimum gain value in the array operating band is still superior to the nesting and adjacency schemes in the prior art.
  • the present invention can realize multi-frequency sharing of the antenna in a size range as small as possible, and the spacing of the radiating elements is no longer the source of interference between the low-frequency and high-frequency beams; the antenna extended on the basis of the multi-frequency shared antenna
  • the control system naturally inherits such advantages; such a multi-frequency shared antenna makes it more natural and convenient to locate and debug the low-frequency radiating element at the time of design.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an array of dual-frequency shared antennas using a coaxial nesting scheme in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an array of dual-frequency shared antennas using adjacency scheme in the prior art
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an array of dual-frequency shared antennas using a coaxial nesting scheme in the prior art, in which a radiating arm of a low-frequency radiating element falls above a high-frequency radiating element, and a front projection surface formed by being projected onto a reflecting plate a phenomenon in which the vibrator arms of each other interfere with each other;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an array of a three-frequency shared antenna in the prior art
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an array of another tri-band shared antenna in the prior art
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an array of a first embodiment of a multi-frequency shared antenna according to the present invention, which is suitable for applications in which signals of two frequency bands are radiated;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an array of a second embodiment of a multi-frequency shared antenna according to the present invention, which is suitable for applications in which signals of two frequency bands are radiated;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an array of a third embodiment of a multi-frequency shared antenna according to the present invention, which is suitable for applications in which signals of two or three frequency bands are radiated;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an array of a fourth embodiment of a multi-frequency shared antenna according to the present invention, which is suitable for applications in which signals of two or three frequency bands are radiated;
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an array of a fifth embodiment of a multi-frequency shared antenna according to the present invention, which is suitable for applications in which signals of two or three frequency bands are radiated;
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an array of a sixth embodiment of a multi-frequency shared antenna according to the present invention, which is suitable for applications in which signals of two to five frequency bands are radiated;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of an array of a seventh embodiment of a multi-frequency shared antenna according to the present invention, which is suitable for applications in which signals of two to six frequency bands are radiated.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of an array of an eighth embodiment of a multi-frequency shared antenna according to the present invention, which is suitable for applications in which signals of two frequency bands are radiated.
  • radiation arrays are used to radiate communication signals, typically arranged in a matrix by a plurality of radiating elements, and may be in the form of a single column or side by side multiple columns.
  • the high frequency radiation array is formed by a plurality of high frequency radiation units
  • the low frequency radiation array is formed by a plurality of low frequency radiation units.
  • the component for completing signal transmission and reception in the radiation unit is a symmetric oscillator, and the electrical component of the symmetric oscillator is its radiation arm, and the radiation arm is fixed by the balun support of the symmetric oscillator.
  • a radiating element in order to achieve polarization diversity receiving gain, two pairs of symmetric vibrators arranged orthogonally to each other are used, and two symmetric vibrators in each pair of symmetric vibrators may have different feed power settings respectively.
  • the radiating element may be of a planar printing type or a three-dimensional spatial three-dimensional structure.
  • a low-band radiation array 1 and a high-band radiation array 2 are disposed on the reflector 3.
  • the low-band radiation array 1 is composed of five low-frequency radiating elements 11-15, and the five low-frequency radiating elements 11-15 are arranged in the top-down position order, and the three low-frequency radiating elements 11, 13, 15 having an odd number are arranged in the first On one axis a1, two low frequency radiating elements 12, 14 of even position are arranged on the second axis a2.
  • the first axis a1 and the second axis a2 are parallel to each other, and the low-frequency radiating elements 11-15 between the adjacent two axes a1, a2 are offset from each other in the orthogonal directions of the axes a1 and a2 (horizontal, lower and lower in the drawing).
  • the distance between the first axis a1 and the second axis a2 is less than or equal to a single low frequency radiation disposed on the axes a1, a2 in a direction orthogonal to the reflection plate 3 (perpendicular to the paper face, the same below).
  • the maximum orthographic projection size of the unit thereby maintaining the lateral dimension of the entire antenna larger than the antenna size formed when the low-band radiation array 1 and the high-band radiation array 2 are nested, but smaller than the low-band radiation array 1 and the high-band radiation
  • the spacing between the first axis a1 and the second axis a2 may be set to be less than or equal to one-half of the highest operating frequency of the low-band radiation array, and greater than or equal to the highest operating frequency of the high-band radiation array.
  • One-half wavelength for organic uniformity in antenna size and optimum electrical performance Generally, when the two axes a1, a2 satisfy the previous pitch setting relationship, the latter pitch setting relationship is naturally satisfied.
  • the high-band radiation array 2 is composed of 12 high-frequency radiation units 2x, and 12 high-frequency radiation units 2x are all disposed on the same axis a1, which obviously coincides with the first axis a1 of the low-band radiation array 1, and For one.
  • the spacing between two adjacent low-frequency radiating elements is not equal to the adjacent two high-frequency radiating rays.
  • the spacing between the units however, the equal spacing between the high frequency radiating elements 2x in the antenna system and the equal spacing between the low frequency radiating elements 11-15 are an inevitable requirement, in which case three positions will be used.
  • the odd-numbered low-frequency radiating elements 11, 13, 15 are arranged together with all of the high-frequency radiating elements 12, 14 on the first axis a1 such that the spacing of adjacent two high-frequency radiating elements 2x on the first axis a1 is fixed.
  • the spacing between each adjacent two low frequency radiating elements in the low frequency radiating elements 11, 13, 15 of the same axis must be an integral multiple of the constant, and the adjacent two low frequency radiating elements 11 on the first axis a1 are provided.
  • the distance between 13 or 13 and 15 is 5 times the distance between two adjacent high-frequency radiating elements, and the three low-frequency radiating elements 11, 13, 15 can be concentrically nested with one high-frequency radiating unit 21, 22, 23, respectively. .
  • the spacing between them is obviously equal to the spacing between the low frequency radiating elements 11, 13, 15 on the first axis a1, and the two axes of the low frequency radiation array 1 are translated.
  • the low-frequency radiating elements 11-15 are arranged at equal intervals. That is, in the axial direction, the pitch of adjacent two low frequency radiating elements 11-15 on different axes a1, a2 is predetermined and equal.
  • the mutually nested high-frequency radiating elements 2x and low-frequency radiating elements 11-15 are projected onto the orthographic projection surface of the reflecting plate 3, preferably arranged concentrically with each other's orthographic geometric centers, for example, in FIG.
  • the schematic perfect circular center of the low frequency radiating elements 11, 13, 15 coincides with the schematic intersection center of the high frequency radiating elements 21, 22, 23 such that the orthographic projection of the radiating arm of the high frequency radiating element falls within the low frequency nested therewith
  • the radiant arms of the radiating elements are within the range of the orthographic projections and do not coincide or cross each other.
  • the aperture occupied by the low frequency radiating element is generally large, and is set to be less than or equal to 150 mm in the present invention for optimal setting. Therefore, those skilled in the art should know that the mutual nesting design can be further expanded to make the high frequency
  • the orthographic projection area of the radiating element on the reflecting plate falls within the range of the orthographic projection area of the low frequency radiating element on the reflecting plate.
  • Each of the low frequency radiating elements 11, 13, 15 on the first axis a1 is nested with a corresponding high frequency radiating element 21, 22, 23, and each low frequency radiating element 12, 14 on the second axis a2 is Forming an abutting relationship with all of the high-frequency radiating elements 2x, thereby avoiding the radiating arms of the symmetrical vibrators of the low-frequency radiating elements 11-15 projected onto the orthographic projection surface of the reflecting plate 3 (not shown, see the circle) and The phenomenon that the radiating arms of the symmetric vibrators of one or two high-frequency radiating elements 2x (not shown, see the cross-hatching) interfere with each other (refer to the overlap or intersection of the images formed by the orthographic projection surfaces), so that the low-band radiation array 1 and The high-band radiation array 2 minimizes the signal interference between each other, ensuring that the signals of the high-band radiation array 2 and the low-band radiation array 1 are in parallel and parallel.
  • the low-frequency radiation unit specifically comprises two pairs of four symmetric oscillators arranged in a ring shape and arranged in a central symmetry.
  • the low-frequency radiation array formed by the low-frequency radiating elements 11-15 is respectively located on the first axis a1 and the second axis a2, and the axis of symmetry between the dummy first axis a1 and the second axis a2 is a reference line.
  • the low frequency radiating elements 11, 13, 15 on the first axis a1 each have a symmetric vibrator inclined to the reference line and the second axis a2, and the other symmetric vibrator is disposed away from the reference line and the second axis a2.
  • the low frequency radiating elements 12, 14 disposed on the second axis a2 each have a symmetric vibrator inclined to the reference line and the first axis a1, and the other symmetric vibrator is away from the reference line and the first axis with respect to the former A1 setting.
  • the symmetrical vibrators on the inner sides of the two axes a1, a2 are disposed adjacent to each other, and the symmetrical vibrators on the outer sides are disposed away from each other.
  • Equivalent or substantially equal signal feed power is set for the symmetric vibrators disposed adjacent to the array of low frequency radiating elements disposed on the two axes a1, a2, and is also equal or substantially equal to the symmetric vibrators disposed away from the phase. The signal is fed into the power and ensures that the feed power of the former is greater than the feed power of the latter, so that the broadening of the horizontal beam of the low-band radiation array can be achieved.
  • Another way of broadening the horizontal beam may be based on the above reference line, such that the sum of the feed powers of the symmetric vibrators adjacent to the reference line on one side of the reference line is adjacent to the other side of the reference line.
  • the sum of the feeding powers of the vibrators is equal or substantially equal, and the sum of the feeding powers of the symmetric vibrators on the side of the reference line away from the reference line and the feeding power of the far-away symmetric vibrators on the other side of the reference line Equal or substantially equal, ensuring that the feed power and value of the former is greater than the feed power and value of the latter.
  • the following steps are used for positioning: firstly, the low-frequency radiating elements of the low-band radiation array 1 are 11- 15 independently arrayed into temporary arrays according to their axes a1, a2; adjusting the orthographic projection size and/or boundary conditions of the orthographic projection of the low-frequency radiating elements of each temporary array to the reflecting plate to make the horizontal plane of the temporary array half
  • the power beamwidth is greater than a predetermined value; increasing or decreasing the spacing of the axes of each adjacent two temporary arrays such that the horizontal half-power beamwidth of the entire low-band radiation array 1 is correspondingly reduced or increased until approaching or It is equal to the set value; the current antenna layout is fixed after the previous step is satisfied.
  • a high-frequency radiation array 2 is provided with a feed network (not shown, the same below), which feeds each of the high-frequency radiating elements 2x on the first axis a1, so that the high-band radiation array 2 can Radiating the high frequency signal; similarly, configuring the low frequency band radiation array 1 with another feed network that feeds the respective low frequency radiating elements 11-15 on the first and second axes a1, a2 to enable the low frequency band radiation array 1 can radiate low frequency signals.
  • a dual-frequency shared antenna can thus be formed. The size of the antenna is reasonable, and the electrical performance is better.
  • the spacing between each adjacent two of the three low-frequency radiating elements 11, 13, 15 arranged in the same line in the low-frequency radiating elements 11-15 and each of the high-frequency radiating elements 2x The spacing between the adjacent two is always an integer multiple, and the signal interference between them is minimized.
  • a second embodiment of the multi-frequency shared antenna of the present invention is also a dual-frequency shared antenna, which is different from the first embodiment in that: 12 high frequencies of the high-band radiation array 2
  • the radiation unit 2x is designed to be arranged along two axes a2, a3.
  • a total of three axes a1, a2, a3 are formed, wherein the first axis a1 is a common axis of the partial low-frequency radiating element 1x and a part of the high-frequency radiating element 2x, and the second axis a2 is separately provided with the remaining high-frequency The radiation unit 2y, the third axis a3 is separately provided with the remaining low-frequency radiation unit 1y, and the second axis a2 and the third axis a3 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the first axis a1.
  • the axial spacing between the high-frequency radiating elements 2x, 2y is equal, and the axial spacing between the low-frequency radiating elements 1x, 1y is also equal.
  • a total of four high-frequency radiating elements 2y are deviated from the first two high-frequency radiating elements 2y corresponding to each of the low-frequency radiating elements 1y on the third axis a3 in the orthogonal direction.
  • the axis a1 is set to the second axis a2 to form a layout as shown in FIG.
  • both the low frequency radiation column element and the high frequency radiation column element operate in different frequency band ranges, and the "low frequency" of the frequency radiation column element herein represents "high” relative to the high frequency radiation column element.
  • the frequency is low.
  • the low frequency radiation column operates in the 790-960 MHz band, covering the current global 2G, 3G mobile communication band, while the high frequency radiation column operates in the 1700-2700 MHz band, covering the current global 4G range.
  • a third embodiment of the multi-frequency shared antenna of the present invention specifically discloses a three-frequency shared antenna.
  • the multi-frequency shared antenna of the present embodiment has a first high-band radiation array relative to the first embodiment. 2 and the low-band radiation array 1 adds a second high-band radiation array 4, and the second high-band radiation array 4 is fed by another feed network different from the first high-band radiation array 2, the second high-band radiation array 4 also includes 12 high frequency radiating elements 4x arranged along the same axis.
  • the axis a2 of the second high frequency radiation array 4 is parallel to the axis a1 of the first high frequency radiation array 2, and The second axis a2 of the low-band radiation array 1 coincides.
  • the second high frequency band radiation array 4 is formed in a side-by-side relationship with the first high frequency band radiation array 2.
  • the second high-band radiation array 4 is adjusted at the second axis a2
  • the upper starting position is such that two of the high frequency radiating elements 41, 42 and the two low frequency radiating elements 12, 14 on the second axis a2 of the low frequency radiation array 1 are projected in the direction of the reflector 3
  • the concentric arrangement of the orthographic projection geometric centers (same as the nesting relationship described in the first embodiment), the first high-band radiation array 2 and the second high-band radiation array 4 in the multi-frequency shared antenna thus formed will form a certain Up and down misalignment, but this difference in layout does not affect its electrical performance. Therefore, the same embodiment can realize the normal operation of the signals of the three frequency bands, ensuring that the antenna size is minimized, and that the mutual interference of the radiation arrays of the respective frequency bands is minimized.
  • a fourth embodiment of the multi-frequency shared antenna of the present invention is improved on the basis of the prior art shown in FIG. It is further different from the third embodiment in that the pitch of the low frequency radiating element of the fourth embodiment is equal to an integral multiple of the pitch of the high frequency radiating element, and the pitch of the low frequency radiating element of the third embodiment is not equal to the high frequency radiating element. Integer multiple of the spacing.
  • the first and second high-band radiation arrays 2, 4 are aligned in the orthogonal direction (horizontal direction) of the axes a1, a2 of each other, and the high-frequency radiating elements 2x, 4x of each other are aligned to form an overall layout.
  • a two-column matrix of rules are aligned to form an overall layout.
  • the first high-band radiation array 2 and the second high-band radiation array 4 of the present embodiment respectively include only 10 high-frequency radiation units 2x and 4x, and the low-band radiation array 1 remains as 5 low-frequency radiation units. 1x, 1y, such that the low frequency radiating elements on each axis, the spacing of each adjacent two in its axial direction, and each adjacent two high frequency radiations in each of the high frequency radiating arrays 2, Between the spacings of the units 2x, 4x, the former is still an integer multiple of the latter.
  • the low frequency radiating elements 1x are provided with two low frequency radiating elements 1y on the second axis a2 of the low frequency radiation array 1 and also on the axis a2 of the second high frequency radiation array 4. All of the low-frequency radiating elements 1x and 1y are respectively nested in the same manner as described above with the corresponding high-frequency radiating elements.
  • a position of a high-frequency radiation unit is just left between the two low-frequency radiation units, that is, a high-frequency radiation unit is disposed at a height other than the high-frequency radiation unit.
  • the first three axes a1 are arranged with three discrete low frequency radiating elements 1x having a positional order of 1, 4, and 5, and the second axis a2 is provided with two adjacent low frequency radiating elements 1y having a positional order of 2, 3.
  • the multi-frequency shared antenna realized by the embodiment can realize the normal operation of the signals of the three frequency bands in the same way, thereby ensuring the minimum antenna size and ensuring the mutual interference of the radiation arrays of the respective frequency bands is the lowest.
  • a fifth embodiment of the multi-frequency shared antenna of the present invention is another improvement made on the basis of the third embodiment.
  • the multi-frequency shared antenna of the present embodiment further adds the low-frequency radiating element 1z of the low-band radiation array 1 in an extending direction of each of the axes a1, a2 on the basis of the third embodiment.
  • five low frequency radiating elements 1z are further disposed above the first and second high frequency band radiation arrays 2, 4, and four of the five low frequency radiating elements 1z are on the same third axis a3.
  • the third axis a3 is exactly the axis of symmetry of the first and second axes a1, a2 of the low-band radiation array 1 described in the third embodiment, that is, the first and second high-band radiation arrays described in the third embodiment.
  • the other low frequency radiating element 1z0 of the five newly added low frequency radiating elements 1z is directly on the axis a2 of the second high frequency radiation array 4 (the second axis a2 of the low frequency radiation array 1), which is equivalent to the low frequency band.
  • Three low-frequency radiating elements are disposed on the second axis a2 of the radiation array 1, wherein two low-frequency radiating elements 1y fall within the axis occupied by the high-frequency radiating elements 4y of the second high-band radiation array 4, corresponding to the positions
  • the high frequency radiating elements 4y are nested in the same manner as the previous embodiments, and the other one is placed outside the second high frequency band radiation array 4.
  • the spacing between the low-frequency radiating elements is expressed in the axial direction of the respective axes a1, a2 to be equal.
  • the present embodiment can also achieve the effects achieved by the foregoing embodiments.
  • a sixth embodiment of the multi-frequency shared antenna of the present invention discloses a pair of five-frequency shared antenna, which is improved based on the third embodiment. That is, the multi-frequency shared antenna further includes third and fourth high-band radiation arrays 6, 8 respectively provided by the other two feed networks and arranged side by side with the first and second high-band radiation arrays 2, 4, and a third
  • the axis a1 of the high-band radiation array 6 coincides with the extension line of the axis a1 of the first high-band radiation array 2
  • the axis a2 of the fourth high-band radiation array 2 coincides with the extension line of the axis a2 of the second high-band radiation array 2
  • the first and second axes a1, a2 of the low-band radiation array 1 have low-frequency radiating elements 1x, 1y placed at the two extension lines, respectively.
  • the total number of low frequency radiating elements 1x, 1y in the low-band radiation array 1 is expanded to 10, and they are collectively arrayed and fed by the same feed network.
  • the number of low-frequency radiating elements 1x in the axis occupied by the first high-band radiation array 2 is 3, and the third The number of low frequency radiating elements 1x in the range occupied by the high frequency radiation array 6 is 2, and correspondingly, the number of low frequency radiating elements 1y in the range occupied by the second high frequency radiation array 4 is 2, and the fourth high frequency band
  • the number of low-frequency radiating elements 1y in the range of the axis occupied by the radiation array 8 is three, so that the first and second axes a1, a2 of the low-band radiation array 1 are respectively provided with five low-frequency radiating elements 1x, 1y, And arranged offset from each other as described above, each low
  • a seventh embodiment of the multi-frequency shared antenna of the present invention discloses a six-frequency shared antenna, which is also improved based on the third embodiment, but is different from the layout relationship of the sixth embodiment.
  • the antennas shown in the third embodiment are directly arranged side by side.
  • third and fourth high-band radiation arrays 6, 8 disposed independently of the first and second high-band radiation arrays 2, 4, independently fed by additional feed networks, including two low a frequency band radiation array, wherein the low frequency radiating elements 1x, 1y, 1z, 1w are distributed on at least four axes a1, a2, a3, a4 respectively coincident with the axes a1, a2, a3, a4 of the respective high frequency band radiation arrays 2,
  • the low frequency radiating elements 1x and 1y constitute a low frequency band radiation array of independent frequency bands, which are fed by an independent feeding network
  • the low frequency radiating elements 1z and 1w constitute a low frequency band radiation array of another independent frequency band, by another independent Feed network feed.
  • this embodiment can also obtain better antenna electrical performance while ensuring that the antenna size is minimized.
  • the plurality of low-frequency radiating elements of the low-band radiation array 1 are disposed on different axes, and the low-band radiation array 1 and the high-band radiation array 2 can be reduced.
  • the signal interference between the two, while the antenna size is unchanged.
  • the multi-frequency shared antenna of the present invention is suitable for use in an antenna control system, wherein a plurality of high-band radiation arrays 2 and low-band radiation arrays 1 are respectively fed by a single feed network, and the feed network is provided with a shift.
  • a phaser comprising a first component and a second component, the sliding of the first component relative to the second component causing a change in the phase of the signal flowing through the phase shifter, thereby changing the phase of the signal provided to the respective radiating element , causing the antenna beam to tilt.
  • remote control of the antenna beam tilting can be achieved by providing a driving force for the first component of the phase shifter.
  • a well-known method is to provide a complicated driving structure inside the antenna, which causes the antenna to become larger in size and weight.
  • a detachable electromechanical driving component is provided for the antenna control system, the electromechanical driving component having a power control unit, a motor and a mechanical driving unit, and the power control unit is responsive to an external
  • a control signal is actuated to drive the motor to operate in a predetermined amount, the predetermined amount of motion of the motor applying power to the first component of the phase shifter by a torque provided by the mechanical drive unit to effect phase shifting.
  • the electromechanical driving component when the beam tilting operation is required, the electromechanical driving component is loaded into the multi-frequency shared antenna, and the mechanical driving unit therein is applied to the first component of the phase shifter, and the beam can be realized by external phase control phase shifting.
  • the downtilt operation when adjusted to the desired beam tilt angle, the electromechanical drive components can be removed such that the phase shifters of each feed network remain stationary to maintain phase, thereby maintaining the beam tilt of the multi-frequency shared antenna fixed.
  • the axes referred to in the present invention are all dummy segments, "coincident" between the axes, allowing for a modest deviation as would be appreciated by those skilled in the art.
  • the two axes can be slightly offset from a certain distance; and in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, for example, the low-frequency radiation unit is designed as a bowl-type balun, and the high-frequency array
  • the axis can also be offset from the low frequency array axis by a certain distance.
  • the two axes of coincidence are designed to be moderately offset by those skilled in the art, and are also referred to as coincidences of the present invention.
  • the definition of the "concentric" is also the same.
  • the low-frequency radiating element may be a symmetric vibrator that is orthographically projected onto the reflecting plate in the shape of a diamond, a rectangle, a polygon, or a polyline, followed by a patch vibrator, and the third is a planar printed radiating element.
  • the high-frequency radiation unit may be in the form of a vibrator disclosed in Kathrein's patent US 6,933,906 B2, the company's patent CN2702458Y or the Adrew company's patent US7053852B2 and other vibrator forms.
  • the maximum size of the radiating aperture surface of the low frequency radiating element selected by the present invention is suitably less than 150 mm in order to further minimize the multi-frequency shared antenna while ensuring the acquisition of electrical performance.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides a multi-frequency antenna including a reflector 3 and a first frequency radiation array 2X (including 21 and 23) and a second frequency radiation disposed on the reflector 3.
  • the second frequency radiation array (11, 12, 13) has two substantially vertically parallel first axes a1 and a second axis a2. It can be understood that, for further clarifying the positional relationship between the first frequency radiation array and the second frequency radiation array on the reflection plate 3, the first axis a1 and the second axis a2 here are dummy line segments.
  • the second frequency radiation array includes at least three second frequency radiating units (11, 12, 13), and the at least three second frequency radiating units (11, 12, 13) are disposed on the first axis a1 and the second On the axis a2, at least one second frequency radiating unit is disposed for each axis, and the three second frequency radiating units (11, 12, 13) are spaced apart from each other in a substantially orthogonal direction of the axis.
  • the distances of the three second frequency radiating units (11, 12, 13) in the substantially orthogonal direction of the axis are equal or close;
  • the first frequency radiation array includes at least one first frequency radiating unit 21, and the plurality of first frequency radiating units are disposed on the first axis a1;
  • the second frequency radiating unit (11, 13) on the first axis a1 is nested with a portion of the first frequency radiating unit (21, 23) on the first axis a1; please refer to GTE Corporation US Patent No. 4434425, Kathrein Patent US6333720, Jingxin Communication China Patent 200710031144.3, it can be seen that the radiation units of two different frequencies are nested and used by those skilled in the art.
  • the nesting use may be: the orthographic projection surface of the first frequency radiation unit on the reflector falls within a range of the orthographic projection surface of the second frequency radiation unit on the reflector.
  • each of the second frequency radiating elements includes two polarizations, wherein each polarization includes at least two radiating arms, and the two radiating arms can feed different powers.
  • the radiating arm is a symmetric vibrator, and each polarization of each second frequency radiating unit includes a pair of symmetric vibrators, and two symmetric vibrators of the pair of symmetric vibrators can input different feeding powers. The horizontal half power beamwidth of the second frequency radiation array is then adjusted by different feed powers.
  • the symmetrical vibrator in this embodiment can be referred to the symmetrical vibrator in U.S. Patent No. 4,344,425, U.S. Patent No. 6,337, 720, or Chinese Patent No. 200710031144.3.
  • the first frequency radiation array 2X (including 21 and 23) and the second frequency radiation array (11, 12, 13) disposed on the reflecting plate 3 are fed by different feeding networks.
  • the spacing of the first axis from the second axis is less than or equal to a maximum orthographic dimension of a single second frequency radiating element disposed on the two axes.
  • the maximum Orthographic dimension is the longest distance between the radiating elements being projected onto both ends of the projected boundary on the reflector.
  • the maximum orthographic projection size is the circular diameter; for a square projection, the maximum orthographic projection size is the maximum diagonal distance; it is also understood that for other regular or irregular graphic projections, the maximum orthographic projection size is completely arbitrarily set. The smallest circular diameter of the irregular pattern projection.
  • embodiments of the present invention may further be applied to specific frequency usage requirements.
  • the axis of symmetry a3 of the first axis and the second axis, and the two low frequency radiating elements disposed on different axes of all the second frequency radiating units are a group, and the same polarized four in the group
  • the symmetric vibrators feeding adjacent to the symmetry axis a3 are equal or similar in power
  • the symmetrical vibrators feeding power away from the symmetry axis a3 are equal or similar
  • the symmetrical vibrator feeding power adjacent to the symmetry axis a3 is greater than the distance from the symmetry axis a3.
  • the symmetric vibrator feeds power, and the horizontal half-power beam width of the second frequency radiation array is further widened while ensuring the left-right symmetry of the horizontal plane pattern.
  • the second frequency radiating unit on the first axis is nested with the first frequency radiating unit on the first axis, specifically: the second frequency radiating unit and the at least one first frequency radiating unit to each other
  • the geometric centers are nested in a way that is coincident.
  • the second frequency radiating unit on the first axis is nested with the first frequency radiating unit on the first axis.
  • the front projection surface of the high frequency radiating unit on the reflecting plate falls at a low frequency.
  • the radiating element is within the range of the orthographic projection surface of the reflector
  • the second frequency radiation array further includes a third axis, and the third axis is an axis of symmetry of the first axis and the second axis, and the symmetry A second low frequency radiating element disposed on the shaft.
  • the present invention improves the layout of the multi-frequency shared antenna, so that the multi-frequency shared antenna has better electrical performance while obtaining a reasonable size, and the linear arrangement pitch of the low-frequency radiating elements and the high-frequency radiating elements are linearly arranged.
  • the relationship between the spacing is no longer a key factor affecting the antenna layout design of the industry.
  • the spacing of the low-frequency radiating elements arranged in the same line is not equal to an integral multiple of the spacing of the high-frequency radiating elements
  • different low-frequency radiating elements of the same low-band radiation array are disposed on two or more axes, which can avoid the positive On the projection surface, the phenomenon that the low-frequency radiation unit interferes (overlaps or crosses) with the high-frequency radiation unit, so that the low-band radiation array and the high-band radiation array emit signals to each other, eliminating or minimizing mutual interference.
  • the spacing of the low-frequency radiating elements arranged in the same line is equal to an integral multiple of the spacing of the high-frequency radiating elements, such as in the three-frequency and above and at least two identical high-frequency oscillators, compared to directly increasing in the vertical direction of the antenna
  • a set of high-band radiation array schemes which avoids the increase of transmission loss caused by the growth of the main feeder in the upper half of the high-band radiation array, improves the antenna gain, and the length of the radiation array in the low frequency band is smaller than the length of the high-frequency radiation array.
  • the integer is multiple, the antenna length is greatly shortened.
  • the invention can reduce the antenna width size and benefit from the fact that the low-frequency radiating elements are arranged offset from each other in the orthogonal direction of the axis, thereby improving the symmetry of the left and right radiation boundaries of the low-band radiation array and the high-band radiation array. Small antenna design difficulty.

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Description

天线控制系统和多频共用天线 技术领域
本发明涉及移动通信天线领域，尤其涉及一种多频共用天线、基于多频共用天线的天线控制系统。
 背景技术
随着移动通信网络制式的增多，为节省站址和天馈资源，减小物业协调难度，降低投资成本，共站共址的多频共用天线逐渐成为运营商建网的首选。
目前行业中多频共用天线组阵方案主要有两种结构，一种是如图1所述的同轴嵌套方案，该方案中，低频辐射单元1a与高频辐射单元2a共轴设置在反射板3a的同一轴线4a上；另一种是如图2所述的Side By Side邻接方案，其将低频辐射单元1b和高频辐射单元2b分别设置在反射板3b的两条相邻近的轴线4b、5b上。毫无疑问，同轴嵌套方案的天线宽度及迎风面积将明显小于Side By Side邻接方案，因此更加获得客户的青睐。
实践中发现，图1所示的同轴嵌套方案在使用时具有一定的局限性，至少存在两点不足：
其一是当同线排列的低频辐射单元1a的间距不等于高频辐射单元2a间距的整数倍时，在正投影到反射板而形成的正投影面上，无法与高频辐射单元2a实现嵌套的低频辐射单元1a的辐射臂会落在高频辐射单元上方出现重叠、交叉（如图3所示低频辐射单元1c与高频辐射单元2c之间出现交叉重叠），从而对高频辐射单元2a形成的高频段辐射阵列产生严重干扰，大大增加了高频段辐射阵列辐射特性的设计难度。例如，790～960MHz与1710～2690MHz多频共用电调天线选择同轴嵌套方案时，为平衡增益和电下倾后的上旁瓣抑制等指标，低频段辐射阵列间距选择范围一般为250mm～300mm，高频段辐射阵列间距选择范围一般为105mm～115mm，无论高、低频从上述范围中选择什么样的阵列间距进行组合，当高频辐射单元2b、低频辐射单元1b全部共轴时，均会出现部分低频辐射单元1b的辐射臂落在高频辐射单元2b上方，从而对高频辐射单元2b产生严重干扰，大大增加了高频段辐射阵列辐射特性的设计难度，如通过缩小低频辐射单元1b的投影面积解决此问题，则低频辐射单元1b的水平面半功率波束宽度则相应展宽，得不到想要的结果。
其二是在包括一个低频段辐射阵列和两个频段相同的高频段辐射阵列的三频电调天线中运用时，现有技术的两种方案，一是如图4所示，直接在天线的竖直方向增加一组高频段辐射阵列，该方案的缺点是大幅增加了天线长度，且上半部分高频段辐射阵列因主馈线增长而导致传输损耗增大，天线增益降低；方案二是如图5所示，在原天线旁边增加一组高频段辐射阵列，该方案的缺点是大幅增加了天线宽度，且因低频辐射单元全部在高频辐射单元的一侧,低频段辐射阵列和高频段辐射阵列因左右辐射边界的严重不对称性，再加上两个阵列间的相互影响，导致两个阵列的水平面波束指向偏斜、交叉极化比变差等系列问题，设计难度大幅增加。
 技术问题
本发明的第一目的在于提供一种多频共用天线，确保天线尺寸合理、电气性能良好。
本发明的第二目的在于提供一种天线控制系统，以使该多频共用天线更适合现场应用。
 技术解决方案
为实现本发明的目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
本发明的多频共用天线，包括设置在反射板上的由不同的馈电网络馈电的低频段辐射阵列和第一高频段辐射阵列， 其中：
所述低频段辐射阵列包括沿相互平行的至少两条轴线分别共轴设置的多个低频辐射单元，该两条轴线上的所述低频辐射单元在该些轴线的正交方向上相互错开设置；
所述低频段辐射阵列的所述两条轴线的间距小于或等于低频段辐射阵列最高工作频点的二分之一波长，同时大于或等于高频段辐射阵列最高工作频点的二分之一波长；
所述每个低频辐射单元包括两对彼此以极化正交装设的对称振子，所述低频段辐射阵列中至少有一个低频辐射单元的其中一对对称振子中的两个对称振子分别具有不同的馈入功率设置；
所述第一高频段辐射阵列包括多个高频辐射单元，至少部分高频段辐射单元沿同一轴线共轴排列，且该轴线与所述低频段辐射阵列的其中一条轴线重合，且该轴线上所排列的高频段辐射单元中，至少有部分的高频段辐射单元嵌套在同一轴线上的低频段辐射单元内，且该些嵌套的高频段辐射单元在反射板上的正投影面积落在相应的低频段辐射单元在反射板上的正投影面积范围之内。
根据本发明一实施例所揭示，所述低频段辐射阵列所占据的所述两条轴线中，设置在不同轴线上的任意两个相邻的低频辐射单元为一组，该组中同一极化的四个对称振子中，以该两条轴线中第一轴线与第二轴线的对称轴线为参考，邻近所述对称轴线的对称振子馈入功率相等或大致相等，远离所述对称轴线的对称振子馈入功率相等或大致相等，且前者的馈入功率大于后者的馈入功率。
根据本发明另一实施例所揭示，所述低频段辐射阵列所占据的所述两条轴线中，以该两条轴线中第一轴线与第二轴线的对称轴线为参考，所述对称轴线左边的相邻近的对称振子的馈入功率之和与所述对称轴线右边的相邻近的对称振子的馈入功率之和相等或大致相等，所述对称轴线左边的相远离的对称振子的馈入功率之和与所述对称轴线右边的相远离的对称振子的馈入功率之和相等或大致相等，且前者的馈入功率和值大于后者的馈入功率和值。
根据本发明一实施例所揭示，该多频共用天线包括由另外的馈电网络馈电的第二高频段辐射阵列，所述第二高频段辐射阵列包括多个高频辐射单元，至少部分沿同一轴线共轴排列；第一高频段辐射阵列的所述轴线和第二高频段辐射阵列的所述轴线彼此相邻且平行设置。
进一步的实施例中，所述第二高频段辐射阵列的轴线与所述低频段辐射阵列的一条轴线相重合，第二高频段辐射阵列中至少有部分的高频段辐射单元嵌套在同一轴线上的低频段辐射单元内，且该些嵌套的高频段辐射单元在反射板上的正投影面积落在相应的低频段辐射单元在反射板上的正投影面积范围之内。
再进一步的实施例中，在所述第一和第二高频辐射列的轴线的对称轴线上的轴向一侧处，所述低频段辐射阵列的多个低频辐射单元沿该对称轴线布设。
更进一步的实施例中，该多频共用天线包括并排设置的由另外的馈电网络分别馈电的第三和第四高频段辐射阵列，第三高频段辐射阵列的轴线与第一高频段辐射阵列的轴线的延长线重合，第四高频段辐射阵列的轴线与第二高频段辐射阵列的轴线延长线重合，第三和第四高频段辐射阵列所处轴线延长线范围内，各自均有属于所述低频段辐射阵列的低频辐射单元供其嵌套，且该些嵌套的高频段辐射单元在反射板上的正投影面积落在相应的低频段辐射单元在反射板上的正投影面积范围之内。
另一进一步的实施例中，该多频共用天线包括与第一和第二高频段辐射阵列平行设置的由另外的馈电网络分别独立馈电的第三和第四高频段辐射阵列，以及包括由另外的馈电网络独立馈电的第二低频段辐射阵列，第二低频段辐射阵列与第三、第四高频段辐射阵列之间，以同于前述的结构相组装，以该组装结构所形成的轴线与前述的各轴线相平行设置。
本发明的又一实施例中，所述第一高频段辐射阵列的另一部分高频辐射单元沿另一轴线共轴设置，第一高频段辐射阵列的各轴线上设置的高频辐射单元在该些轴线的正交方向上相互错开设置。
本发明的又一实施例中，所述低频段辐射阵列与第一高频段辐射阵列均分布在两条轴线上，彼此各以一条轴线相重合设置，而彼此的另一条轴线关于该对重合的轴线对称设置。
较佳的， 任意所述低频辐射单元的对称振子中的辐射臂与任意所述高频辐射单元的对称振子中的辐射臂在反射板方向上的正投影相互之间无干涉。
较佳的，在正投影到所述反射板的方向上，所述低频段辐射阵列的相邻两条轴线之间的间距小于或等于布置在该些轴线上的单个低频辐射单元的最大正投影尺寸。
较佳的，在沿所述低频段辐射阵列的轴向上，位置为奇数的若干个低频辐射单元布置在低频段辐射阵列的一条轴线上，位置为偶数的若干个低频辐射单元布置在低频段辐射阵列的另一条轴线上。
较佳的，在沿所述低频段辐射阵列的轴向上，位置离散的若干个低频辐射单元布置在低频段辐射阵列的一条轴线上，位置连续的若干个低频辐射单元布置在低频段辐射阵列的另一条轴线上。
具体的，所述高频辐射单元和/或低频辐射单元为平面印刷辐射单元或贴片振子。所述低频辐射单元辐射口径面最大尺寸小于150mm。
本发明第二目的所述的天线控制系统，其包括前述的多频共用天线，还包括有用于改变提供给所述天线内部的辐射单元的信号的相位的移相器，所述移相器具有第一部件和第二部件，第一部件相对于第二部件的滑动导致流经该移相器的所述信号的相位的改变。
为便于按需实现电调控制，该系统包括机电驱动部件，该机电驱动部件具有电力控制单元、电机和机械驱动单元，电力控制单元响应于一个外部控制信号以驱动所述电机以预定量动作，该电机的预定量动作通过机械驱动单元提供的力矩将动力作用于所述移相器的第一部件以实现移相。
 有益效果
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优点：
相比于低频段辐射阵列与高频段辐射阵列同轴嵌套方案，通过将低频段辐射阵列分为分布在不同轴线上的两组或多组，每组中设置一个或多个低频辐射单元，将其中一组与高频段辐射阵列的轴线相重合设置，当同线排列的低频段辐射单元的间距不等于高频段辐射单元间距的整数倍时，可避免前述同轴嵌套方案中所述低频段辐射单元与高频段辐射单元的辐射臂在反射板上的正投影面相干涉（重叠或交叉）的现象，从而大幅降低了高低频段辐射阵列的设计难度。
在包括一个低频段辐射阵列和两个频段相同的高频段辐射阵列的三频共用天线中运用时，两个高频段辐射阵列分别有至少部分高频段辐射单元沿大致平行的两条轴线设置，并分别与低频段辐射阵列的其中一条轴线重合，且每条轴线上至少有部分的高频段辐射单元嵌套在同一轴线上的低频段辐射单元内，避免了前述同轴嵌套方案中所述直接在天线的竖直方向增加一个高频段辐射阵列带来的增益降低和天线整体长度尺寸成倍增加问题。
相比于低频段辐射阵列与高频段辐射阵列邻接方案，通过将低频段辐射阵列分为分布在不同轴线上的两组或多组，每组中设置一个或多个低频辐射单元，将其中一组与高频段辐射阵列的轴线相重合设置，高频段辐射阵列一侧的低频段辐射单元大幅减少，同时低频段辐射阵列一侧的高频段辐射单元也大幅减少，低频段辐射阵列和高频段辐射阵列左右辐射边界严重不对称性问题得到改善，相应的，水平面波束指向偏斜、交叉极化比等指标得到改善，设计难度减小。
进一步，在小于或等于低频段辐射阵列最高工作频点的二分之一波长，同时大于或等于高频段辐射阵列最高工作频点的二分之一波长范围内，通过调整所述低频段辐射阵列中至少两条轴线之间的间距，由此使得多频共用天线得到较佳的水平面半功率波束宽度等辐射性能指标的同时，整体横向（轴线正交方向）尺寸刚好小于低频段辐射阵列与高频段辐射阵列邻接时的横向尺寸，又大于低频段辐射阵列与高频段辐射阵列全部相嵌套时的横向尺寸。
进一步,通过调整低频段辐射单元每个极化的两个对称振子的信号馈入功率,甚至结合低频段辐射单元辐射口径面的设置, 低频段辐射阵列不仅能得到想要的水平面半功率波束宽度绝对值,而且能轻松得到极佳的水平面半功率波束宽度收敛性,如在790～960MHz频段内实现水平面半功率波束宽度在62±3度以内，这是低频段辐射阵列与高频段辐射阵列全部相嵌套时或低频段辐射阵列与高频段辐射阵列相邻接时很难达到甚至无法达到的。
进一步，通过调整低频段辐射单元每个极化的两个对称振子的功率,使低频段辐射阵列垂直面半功率波束宽度展宽的同时，因极佳的水平面半功率波束宽度收敛性，低频段辐射阵列工作频段内的最小增益值仍优于现有技术中的嵌套方案和邻接方案。
可见，本发明可以在尽可能小的尺寸范围内实现天线的多频共用，辐射单元间距不再成为低频与高频波束相干扰的根源；在此多频共用天线的基础上扩展而得的天线控制系统自然也继承此类优点；此种多频共用天线使得在设计时对其低频辐射单元的定位调试更自然也更为方便。
 附图说明
图1为现有技术中采用同轴嵌套方案的双频共用天线的组阵示意图；
图2为现有技术中采用邻接方案的双频共用天线的组阵示意图；
图3为现有技术中采用同轴嵌套方案的双频共用天线的组阵示意图，其低频辐射单元的辐射臂落在高频辐射单元上方，在正投影到反射板而形成的正投影面上呈现彼此的振子臂相干涉的现象；
图4为现有技术中一种三频共用天线的组阵示意图；
图5为现有技术中另一种三频共用天线的组阵示意图；
图6为本发明多频共用天线的第一实施例的组阵示意图，其适用于辐射两个频段的信号的应用场合；
图7为本发明多频共用天线的第二实施例的组阵示意图，其适用于辐射两个频段的信号的应用场合；
图8为本发明多频共用天线的第三实施例的组阵示意图，其适用于辐射两个或三个频段的信号的应用场合；
图9为本发明多频共用天线的第四实施例的组阵示意图，其适用于辐射两个或三个频段的信号的应用场合；
图10为本发明多频共用天线的第五实施例的组阵示意图，其适用于辐射两个或三个频段的信号的应用场合；
图11为本发明多频共用天线的第六实施例的组阵示意图，其适用于辐射两个至五个频段的信号的应用场合；
图12为本发明多频共用天线的第七实施例的组阵示意图，其适用于辐射两个至六个频段的信号的应用场合。
图13为本发明多频共用天线的第八实施例的组阵示意图，其适用于辐射两个频段的信号的应用场合。
 本发明的最佳实施方式
本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的说明：
众所周知的，辐射阵列（包括低频和高频段辐射阵列）用于辐射通信信号，通常由多个辐射单元以矩阵的方式布设而成，可以呈现单列或并排多列的形式。对于高频信号，高频段辐射阵列由多个高频辐射单元组阵而成，相应的，低频段辐射阵列由多个低频辐射单元组阵而成。其中，辐射单元中用于完成信号发射和接收的部件为其对称振子，对称振子的电气部件为其辐射臂，该辐射臂由对称振子的巴伦支撑固定。一个辐射单元中，为实现极化分集接收增益，采用两对彼此以极化正交装设的对称振子，每对对称振子中的两个对称振子可以分别具有不同的馈入功率设置。辐射单元可以是平面印刷型的，也可以是具有三维空间立体结构的。本发明的各实施例的说明中将沿用这些基本概念。辐射阵列装设在反射板上时，其正投影到反射板方向形成一正投影面，本发明的图6－图13均以该正投影面进行示意，以清楚揭示不同辐射阵列之间的布局关系。
请参阅图6，本发明的多频共用天线的第一实施例中，其反射板3上设置一低频段辐射阵列1和一高频段辐射阵列2。
低频段辐射阵列1由5个低频辐射单元11－15构成，5个低频辐射单元11－15按照自上而下的位置次序，位置为奇数的三个低频辐射单元11、13、15布置在第一轴线a1上，位置为偶数的两个低频辐射单元12、14布置在第二轴线a2上。第一轴线a1与第二轴线a2相互平行，相邻两条轴线a1、a2之间的低频辐射单元11-15在轴线a1、a2正交方向（图中横向，下同）上相互错开设置，即是，在轴线a1、a2的正交方向上，两条轴线a1、a2上不会有各一个低频辐射单元形成同轴并排关系。在正投影到所述反射板3的方向（垂直于纸面向里，下同）上，第一轴线a1与第二轴线a2的间距小于或等于布置在该些轴线a1、a2上的单个低频辐射单元的最大正投影尺寸，藉此可以保持整个天线的横向尺寸虽大于低频段辐射阵列1和高频段辐射阵列2相嵌套时形成的天线尺寸，却又小于低频段辐射阵列1和高频段辐射阵列2相邻接时的尺寸。另一方面，可以设置第一轴线a1与第二轴线a2之间的间距小于或等于低频段辐射阵列最高工作频点的二分之一波长，同时大于或等于高频段辐射阵列最高工作频点的二分之一波长，以便在天线尺寸和最佳电气性能上获得有机统一。通常，两条轴线a1、a2满足前一种间距设定关系时，自然也就满足后一种间距设定关系。
高频段辐射阵列2由12个高频辐射单元2x构成，12个高频辐射单元2x均设置在同一轴线a1上，该轴线a1显然与低频段辐射阵列1的第一轴线a1相重合，合二为一。
很明显，对于高频辐射单元2x和低频辐射单元11-15而言，如果两者都以线性排列，则，相邻两个低频辐射单元之间的间距由于不等于相邻两个高频辐射单元之间的间距，然而天线系统中各高频辐射单元2x之间的间距相等以及各低频辐射单元11-15之间的间距相等又成为一个必然要求，在这种情况下，将3个位置为奇数的低频辐射单元11、13、15与所有高频辐射单元12、14共同设置在第一轴线a1上，这样第一轴线a1上的相邻两个高频辐射单元2x的间距是固定的常数，而同一轴线的低频辐射单元11、13、15中每相邻两个低频辐射单元之间的间距必是该常数的整数倍，设第一轴线a1上的相邻两个低频辐射单元11与13或13与15的间距5倍于相邻两个高频辐射单元的间距，则3个低频辐射单元11、13、15便可各与一个高频辐射单元21、22、23同心嵌套。对于位置为偶数的2个低频辐射单元12、14，彼此间的间距显然与第一轴线a1上的低频辐射单元11、13、15间间距相等，且，平移低频段辐射阵列1的两条轴线a1、a2至重合，即可发现，重合后的低频段辐射阵列1中，其各低频辐射单元11-15是等间距布设的。也就是说，在轴向上，居于不同轴线a1、a2上的相邻两个低频辐射单元11-15的间距是既定的且相等的。
所述相互嵌套的高频辐射单元2x和低频辐射单元11-15，在正投影到反射板3的正投影面上，较佳的，以彼此的正投影几何中心同心设置，例如图6中的低频辐射单元11、13、15的示意正圆圆心刚好与高频辐射单元21、22、23的示意交叉中心重合，使得高频辐射单元的辐射臂的正投影落在与之嵌套的低频辐射单元的辐射臂的正投影的范围之内，且相互之间不重合也不交叉。低频辐射单元所占用的口径一般较大，本发明中设定为小于或等于150mm以求取最佳设置，因而，本领域技术人员应当知晓，这种相互嵌套设计可以进一步扩展，使得高频辐射单元在反射板上的正投影面积落在低频辐射单元在反射板上的正投影面积范围之内。
第一轴线a1上的每个低频辐射单元11、13、15各与一个对应的高频辐射单元21、22、23实现嵌套，而第二轴线a2上的每个低频辐射单元12、14则与所有高频辐射单元2x形成邻接关系，由此避免了在投影到反射板3的正投影面上，低频辐射单元11-15的对称振子的辐射臂（未细示，参阅圆周所示）与一个或两个高频辐射单元2x的对称振子的辐射臂（未细示，参阅交叉线所示）相干涉（指正投影面形成的图像的重叠或交叉）的现象，使得低频段辐射阵列1与高频段辐射阵列2彼此间信号干扰降至最低，确保高频段辐射阵列2与低频段辐射阵列1的信号收发各行其道、并行不悖。
低频辐射单元具体包括两对共四个呈环形排列且呈中心对称设置的对称振子。由低频辐射单元11－15构成的低频段辐射阵列如前所述分别位于第一轴线a1和第二轴线a2上，虚设第一轴线a1与第二轴线a2之间对称轴线为参考线，设置所述第一轴线a1上的低频辐射单元11、13、15各有一个对称振子倾向所述参考线和第二轴线a2设置，另一对称振子则相对前者远离所述参考线和第二轴线a2设置，同理，设置第二轴线a2上的低频辐射单元12、14各有一个对称振子倾向所述参考线和第一轴线a1设置，另一对称振子则相对前者远离所述参考线和第一轴线a1设置。由此，两条轴线a1、a2上，彼此内侧的对称振子相邻近设置，彼此外侧的对称振子相远离设置。为两条轴线a1、a2上布设的低频辐射单元阵列所述的相邻近设置的对称振子设置相等或大致相等的信号馈入功率，也为所述相远离设置的对称振子设置相等或大致相等的信号馈入功率，且确保前者的馈入功率大于后者的馈入功率，则可以实现低频段辐射阵列的水平面波束的展宽。
展宽水平面波束的另一种方式可以是基于上述参考线，使参考线一侧的相邻近该参考线的对称振子的馈入功率之和与所述参考线另一侧的相邻近的对称振子的馈入功率之和相等或大致相等，亦使参考线一侧的远离该参考线的对称振子的馈入功率之和与所述参考线另一侧的远离的对称振子的馈入功率之和相等或大致相等，确保前者的馈入功率和值大于后者的馈入功率和值。
前面所指的大致相等，较佳的，是指相邻近的两轴线上对称振子的信号馈入功率相等，但物理误差不可避免，因而，本领域技术人员应当知晓，所谓大致相等，亦应当允许两条轴线上的相邻近的对称振子的信号馈入功率无限趋近相等。展宽低频段辐射阵列水平面半功率波束宽度的设置，适用于本发明的所有实施例。
可以看出，设计阶段对低频段辐射阵列1中的低频辐射单元11-15进行定位是非常重要的，本发明中，采用如下步骤进行定位：先将低频段辐射阵列1的低频辐射单元11-15按其所属轴线a1、a2独立组阵成临时阵列；调整每一临时阵列的低频辐射单元的正投影到反射板上的正投影面尺寸和/或边界条件以令该些临时阵列的水平面半功率波束宽度大于某一既定数值；增大或减小每相邻两个临时阵列的轴线的间距以使整个低频段辐射阵列1的水平面半功率波束宽度相应减小或增大，直至趋近或等于该既定数值；满足前一步骤后固定当前的天线布局。
本实施例中，为高频段辐射阵列2配置有一馈电网络（未图示，下同），其对第一轴线a1上的各个高频辐射单元2x进行馈电，使高频段辐射阵列2能辐射高频信号；同理，为低频段辐射阵列1配置另一馈电网络，其对第一和第二轴线a1、a2上的各个低频辐射单元11-15进行馈电，使低频段辐射阵列1能辐射低频信号。双频共用天线由此便可形成。该天线的尺寸合理，而电气性能较佳，低频辐射单元11－15中同线排列的3个低频辐射单元11、13、15中每相邻两个的间距与高频辐射单元2x中每相邻两个的间距之间始终呈整数倍关系，彼此之间的信号干扰降至最低。
请参阅图7，作为本发明多频共用天线的第二实施例，也是一种双频共用天线，其与第一实施例的不同之处在于：所述高频段辐射阵列2的12个高频辐射单元2x被设计成沿两个轴线a2、a3布置。
具体而言，图7中，共形成三条轴线a1、a2、a3，其中的第一轴线a1是部分低频辐射单元1x和部分高频辐射单元2x的共用轴线，第二轴线a2单独设置其余高频辐射单元2y，第三轴线a3单独设置其余低频辐射单元1y，第二轴线a2与第三轴线a3关于该第一轴线a1对称设置。
与第一实施例同理，在轴线a1、a2、a3的轴向上，高频辐射单元2x，2y之间的轴向间距是相等的，低频辐射单元1x、1y之间的轴向间距也是相等的。但本实施例中，与所述第三轴线a3上的每一低频辐射单元1y在正交方向上相对应的每两个高频辐射单元2y，共计四个高频辐射单元2y被偏离第一轴线a1设置到第二轴线a2上，形成如图7所示的布局。
本实施例的改进与第一实施例相等效，但在物理结构上显得更为匀称，是在第一实施例基础上进一步缩小横向尺寸的方案。本发明所揭示的所有实施例中，其低频辐射列元与高频辐射列元均工作于不同频段范围，这里的频辐射列元的“低频”表示相对于高频辐射列元中的“高频”频率低。优选的，低频辐射列元工作于790－960MHz频段范围，涵盖当前全球范围内的2G、3G移动通信频段，而高频辐射列元则工作于1700－2700MHz频段范围，涵盖当前全球范围内的4G如LTE制式的移动通信频段。
请参阅图8，本发明多频共用天线的第三实施例具体揭示一种三频共用天线，顾名思义，本实施例的多频共用天线相对于第一实施例所具有的第一高频段辐射阵列2和低频段辐射阵列1增加了第二高频段辐射阵列4，而第二高频段辐射阵列4由不同于第一高频段辐射阵列2的另一馈电网络馈电，第二高频段辐射阵列4也包括12个沿同一轴线布置的高频辐射单元4x，由图8可以看出，第二高频段辐射阵列4的轴线a2与第一高频段辐射阵列2的轴线a1平行，而与所述低频段辐射阵列1的第二轴线a2相重合。第二高频段辐射阵列4与第一高频段辐射阵列2形成并排关系。为了实现低频段辐射阵列1的第二轴线a2上的低频辐射单元1y与位于同一轴线a2上的高频辐射单元2y的嵌套关系，调整第二高频段辐射阵列4在所述第二轴线a2上的起始位置，使其中有两个高频辐射单元41、42与所述低频段辐射阵列1第二轴线a2上的两个低频辐射单元12、14在正投影到反射板3的方向上呈正投影几何中心同心设置（同于第一实施例所述的嵌套关系），由此形成的多频共用天线中的第一高频段辐射阵列2与第二高频段辐射阵列4将形成一定的上下错位关系，但这一布局上的不同并不影响其电气性能。因此，本实施例同理能够实现三个频段的信号的正常工作，既确保天线尺寸最小化，又能确保各个频段的辐射阵列的相互干扰最低。
请参阅图9，本发明多频共用天线的第四实施例是在图5所示的现有技术的基础上改进而得的。其进一步区别于第三实施例之处也正在于第四实施例的低频辐射单元的间距等于高频辐射单元间距的整数倍，而第三实施例的低频辐射单元的间距不等于高频辐射单元间距的整数倍。本实施例中，第一和第二高频段辐射阵列2、4在其彼此轴线a1、a2的正交方向（图中横向）上，彼此的高频辐射单元2x、4x对齐，整体布局上形成规则的两列矩阵。不同的是，本实施例的第一高频段辐射阵列2和第二高频段辐射阵列4分别仅包括10个高频辐射单元2x、4x，而低频段辐射阵列1依然保持为5个低频辐射单元1x、1y，这样，每条轴线上的低频辐射单元，在其轴向上的每相邻的两个的间距，与每一高频段辐射阵列2、4中的每相邻两个高频辐射单元2x、4x的间距之间，前者依然是后者的整数倍，对于这种情况，在低频段辐射阵列1的第一轴线a1也就是第一高频段辐射阵列2的轴线a1上，设置3个低频辐射单元1x，在低频段辐射阵列1的第二轴线a2也就是第二高频段辐射阵列4的轴线a2上，设置2个低频辐射单元1y。所有的低频辐射单元1x和1y均分别与一个位置上对应的高频辐射单元以前述相同的方式相嵌套。在轴线a1、a2的轴向上，两个低频辐射单元之间刚好余出一个高频辐射单元的位置，即间隔一个高频辐射单元设置一个与该高频辐射单元相邻近的另一个高频辐射单元相嵌套的低频辐射单元。第一轴线a1上布设位置次序为1、4、5的离散的3个低频辐射单元1x，第二轴线a2上布设位置次序为2、3的相邻的2个低频辐射单元1y。以本实施例实现的多频共用天线，同理能够实现三个频段的信号的正常工作，既确保天线尺寸最小化，又能确保各个频段的辐射阵列的相互干扰最低。
请参阅图10，本发明多频共用天线的第五实施例是在第三实施例的基础上做出的另一改进。本实施例的多频共用天线在第三实施例的基础上，在各轴线a1、a2的一个延伸方向上进一步增设低频段辐射阵列1的低频辐射单元1z。如图10所示，在第一和第二高频段辐射阵列2、4的上方还设有5个低频辐射单元1z，该5个低频辐射单元1z有4个处于同一第三轴线a3上，该第三轴线a3恰好是第三实施例所述的低频段辐射阵列1的第一和第二轴线a1、a2的对称轴线，也就是第三实施例所述的第一和第二高频段辐射阵列2、4的轴线的对称轴线。该5个新增的低频辐射单元1z的另1个低频辐射单元1z0则直接处于第二高频段辐射阵列4的轴线a2（低频段辐射阵列1的第二轴线a2）上，相当于在低频段辐射阵列1的第二轴线a2上布设3个低频辐射单元，其中，有2个低频辐射单元1y落入第二高频段辐射阵列4各高频辐射单元4y所占据的轴线范围内与位置相应的高频辐射单元4y以与前述各实施例相同的方式相嵌套，另1个则置于第二高频段辐射阵列4之外。当然，低频辐射单元间间距表现在各轴线a1、a2的轴向上的尺寸是相等的。毫无疑问，本实施例也能实现前述各实施例所取得的效果。
请参阅图11，本发明多频共用天线的第六实施例揭示一副五频共用天线，其基于第三实施例改进而得。即多频共用天线进一步包括与第一、第二高频段辐射阵列2、4并排设置的由另外的两个馈电网络分别馈电的第三和第四高频段辐射阵列6、8，第三高频段辐射阵列6的轴线a1与第一高频段辐射阵列2的轴线a1的延长线重合，第四高频段辐射阵列2的轴线a2与第二高频段辐射阵列2的轴线a2延长线重合，所述低频段辐射阵列1的第一和第二轴线a1、a2上均有低频辐射单元1x、1y分别置于所述两条延长线处。由此可见，低频段辐射阵列1中的低频辐射单元1x、1y总数扩展为10个，而它们集体组阵并由同一馈电网络馈电。考虑到低频辐射单元1x在第一轴线a1上的数量与排列关系以及由此引起的电气关系，第一高频段辐射阵列2所占据的轴线范围内低频辐射单元1x的数量为3时，第三高频段辐射阵列6所占据的轴线范围内的低频辐射单元1x数量为2，相应的，第二高频段辐射阵列4所占据的轴线范围内的低频辐射单元1y数量为2，则第四高频段辐射阵列8所占据的轴线范围内的低频辐射单元1y的数量为3，这样，可确保低频段辐射阵列1的第一和第二轴线a1、a2分别设有5个低频辐射单元1x、1y，并且彼此如前所述错开设置，每个低频段辐射阵列1以嵌套的关系与四个高频段辐射阵列2、4、6、8共反射板3组装，天线尺寸明显最小化，而电气性能依然较佳。
请参阅图12，本发明多频共用天线的第七实施例揭示一副六频共用天线，也系基于第三实施例改进而得，但与第六实施例的布局关系不同，它是由第三实施例所示的天线直接并排而成的。具体而言，其包括与第一和第二高频段辐射阵列2、4平行设置的由另外的馈电网络分别独立馈电的第三和第四高频段辐射阵列6、8，包括两个低频段辐射阵列，其中的低频辐射单元1x、1y、1z、1w分布在至少四条分别与各高频段辐射阵列2的轴线a1、a2、a3、a4相重合的轴线a1、a2、a3、a4上，其中，低频辐射单元1x和1y构成一个独立频段的低频段辐射阵列，由一独立的馈电网络馈电，低频辐射单元1z和1w构成另一独立频段的低频段辐射阵列，由另一独立的馈电网络馈电。同理，本实施例也能够在确保天线尺寸最小化的前提下，获得较佳的天线电气性能。
根据上述所揭示的本发明的诸多实施例可知，多频共用天线中，将低频段辐射阵列1的多个低频辐射单元异轴设置，可以减小低频段辐射阵列1与高频段辐射阵列2之间的信号干扰，而天线尺寸则整体不变。
本发明多频共用天线适用于天线控制系统中，其中的多个高频段辐射阵列2及低频段辐射阵列1如前所述均分别由独立一个馈电网络馈电，馈电网络中设有移相器，移相器包括第一部件和第二部件，第一部件相对于第二部件的滑动能引起流经移相器的信号的相位的改变，从而改变提供给相应辐射单元的信号的相位，引起天线波束的倾仰。为此，为移相器的第一部件提供驱动力，便可实现对天线波束倾仰的远程控制。
公知的方式是在天线内部设置复杂的驱动结构，这样会导致天线尺寸变大重量随之增大。适应于本发明保持较小尺寸的目的，本发明中，为天线控制系统提供一可拆卸的机电驱动部件，该机电驱动部件具有电力控制单元、电机和机械驱动单元，电力控制单元响应于一个外部控制信号以驱动所述电机以预定量动作，该电机的预定量动作通过机械驱动单元提供的力矩将动力作用于所述移相器的第一部件以实现移相。这样，在需要进行波束倾仰操作时，将机电驱动部件加载到多频共用天线中，并使其中的机械驱动单元作用于移相器的第一部件，便可通过外部信号控制移相实现波束下倾操作；当调节到所期望的波束倾角时，则可移除该机电驱动部件，使各馈电网络的移相器维持静止以维持相位，从而使多频共用天线的波束倾角固定。
需要指出的是，本发明所称的轴线均为虚设线段，轴线之间的“重合”，允许由本领域技术人员所掌握的适度的偏离。例如在贴片低频辐射单元上加高频辐射单元，两个轴线就可以稍微偏离一定的距离；再如图6所示的实施例，如将低频辐射单元设计成碗型巴伦，高频阵列轴线也可以与低频阵列轴线偏离一定的距离。因而，所称重合的两条轴线被设计成本领域技术人员所掌握的适度偏离的情况，也属本发明所称的重合。所述“同心”的限定也同理。
另外，绝大多数情况下，所述低频辐射单元可以是正投影到反射板上的形状为菱形、矩形、多边形或多段线的对称振子，其次是贴片振子，其三是平面印刷辐射单元，所述高频辐射单元可以是Kathrein公司专利US6933906B2、京信公司专利CN2702458Y或Adrew公司专利US7053852B2公布的振子形式及其它振子形式。
再者，需要强调的是，本发明所选用的所述低频辐射单元辐射口径面最大尺寸适宜小于150mm，以便进一步使多频共用天线最小化，同时确保电气性能的获得。
请参阅图13，本发明实施例进一步提供一种多频天线，该多频天线包括反射板3和设置在反射板3上的第一频率辐射阵列2X（包括21和23）和第二频率辐射阵列（11、12、13），所述第一频率大于第二频率。所述第二频率辐射阵列（11、12、13）具有两条大致竖向平行的第一轴线a1和第二轴线a2。可以理解，为后续进一步明确反射板3上第一频率辐射阵列和第二频率辐射阵列的位置关系，这里的第一轴线a1和第二轴线a2为虚设线段。
所述第二频率辐射阵列包括至少三个第二频率辐射单元（11、12、13），所述至少三个第二频率辐射单元（11、12、13）布设于第一轴线a1和第二轴线a2上，每条轴线至少设置一个第二频率辐射单元，所述三个第二频率辐射单元（11、12、13）在轴线大致正交方向上间隔错开设置。优选的，所述三个第二频率辐射单元（11、12、13）在轴线大致正交方向上的距离间隔相等或相近；
所述第一频率辐射阵列包括至少一个第一频率辐射单元21，所述多个第一频率辐射单元设置于第一轴线a1上；
其中，第一轴线a1上的第二频率辐射单元（11、13）与第一轴线a1上部分第一频率辐射单元（21、23）嵌套使用；请参阅GTE公司美国专利US4434425、Kathrein公司专利US6333720、 京信通信中国专利200710031144.3，可见，两个不同频率的辐射单元嵌套使用为本领域行业人员习知技术。优选的，本发明实施例中，所述嵌套使用可以为：第一频率辐射单元在反射板上的正投影面落在第二频率辐射单元在反射板上的正投影面范围内。可见，通过在嵌套使用的多频天线中，将第二频率辐射单元（11、12、13）在轴线大致正交方向上间隔错开设置，有助于多频天线的进一步小型化设计，使得多频共用天线在取得合理尺寸的同时，具有更优的电气性能。
本实施例中，优选的，每个第二频率辐射单元包括两个极化,其中每个极化至少包括两个辐射臂，该两个辐射臂可馈入不同的功率。进一步的，该辐射臂为对称振子，每个第二频率辐射单元的每个极化都包括一对对称振子，该对对称振子中的两个对称振子可输入不同的馈入功率。进而通过不同的馈入功率调整第二频率辐射阵列的水平面半功率波束宽度。本实施例中的对称振子可以参阅美国专利US4434425、US6333720或中国专利200710031144.3中的对称振子。
本实施例中，优选的，设置在反射板3上的第一频率辐射阵列2X（包括21和23）和第二频率辐射阵列（11、12、13）由不同的馈电网络馈电。所述第一轴线与第二轴线的间距小于或等于布设在两轴线上的单个第二频率辐射单元的最大正投影尺寸。可以理解，最大正投影尺寸是辐射单元正投影到反射板上的投影边界两端的最长距离。对于圆形投影，最大正投影尺寸就是圆形直径；对于方形投影，最大正投影尺寸就是最大对角线距离；也可以理解，对于其他规则或不规则图形投影，最大正投影尺寸就是完全套设该不规则图形投影的最小圆形直径。进而本发明实施例可以进一步适用特定频率使用需求。
本实施例中，优选的，第一轴线与第二轴线的对称轴线a3，所有第二频率辐射单元中设置在不同轴线上的两个低频辐射单元为一组，该组中同一极化的四个对称振子中，邻近对称轴线a3的对称振子馈入功率相等或相近，远离对称轴线a3的对称振子馈入功率相等或相近，且邻近对称轴线a3的对称振子馈入功率大于远离对称轴线a3的对称振子馈入功率，通过该设置使得第二频率辐射阵列的水平面半功率波束宽度得到进一步展宽的同时，保证水平面方向图的左右对称性。
本实施例中，进一步的,第一轴线上的第二频率辐射单元与第一轴线上部分第一频率辐射单元嵌套使用具体为：第二频率辐射单元与至少一个第一频率辐射单元以彼此的几何中心相重合的方式嵌套设置。
本实施例中，进一步的,第一轴线上的第二频率辐射单元与第一轴线上部分第一频率辐射单元嵌套使用具体为：高频辐射单元在反射板上的正投影面落在低频辐射单元在反射板上的正投影面范围内
本实施例中，可选的，本发明实施例提供的多频天线中，第二频率辐射阵列还包括第三轴线，所述第三轴线为第一轴线和第二轴线的对称轴，该对称轴上布设的第二低频辐射单元。
综上所述，本发明通过对多频共用天线的布局进行改进，使多频共用天线在取得合理尺寸的同时，具有更优的电气性能，低频辐射单元线性排列间距与高频辐射单元线性排列间距之间的关系不再成为影响业内人士进行天线布局设计的关键因素。
之所以强调天线的尺寸更为合理，是因为：
对于同线排列的低频辐射单元的间距不等于高频辐射单元间距的整数倍的情况，在两条或两条以上的轴线上布设同一低频段辐射阵列的不同低频辐射单元，可避免所述正投影面上出现低频辐射单元与高频辐射单元相干涉（重叠或交叉）的现象，从而使低频段辐射阵列与高频段辐射阵列彼此间信号发射各行其道，消除或尽可能低地降低互相干扰。
而对于同线排列的低频辐射单元的间距等于高频辐射单元间距的整数倍的情况，如在三频以上且至少有两个相同的高频振列中，相比于直接在天线的竖直方向增加一组高频段辐射阵列方案，使用该发明避免了上半部分高频段辐射阵列因主馈线增长而导致的传输损耗增大，提高天线增益，且在低频段辐射阵列长度小于高频段辐射阵列长度的整数倍时，大幅缩短了天线长度。相比于邻接方案，使用该发明可缩小天线宽度尺寸，且受益于低频辐射单元在轴线正交方向上相互错开设置，提高了低频段辐射阵列和高频段辐射阵列左右辐射边界的对称性，减小了天线设计难度。
概而言之，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明而并非限制本发明所描述的技术方案；因此，尽管本说明书参照上述的各个实施例对本发明已进行了详细的说明，但是，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，仍然可以对本发明进行修改或者等同替换；而一切不脱离本发明的精神和范围的技术方案及其改进，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
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  1. 一种多频共用天线，包括设置在反射板上的由不同的馈电网络馈电的低频段辐射阵列和第一高频段辐射阵列，其特征在于：
    所述低频段辐射阵列包括沿相互平行的至少两条轴线分别共轴设置的多个低频辐射单元，该两条轴线上的所述低频辐射单元在该些轴线的正交方向上相互错开设置；
    所述低频段辐射阵列的所述两条轴线的间距小于或等于低频段辐射阵列最高工作频点的二分之一波长，同时大于或等于高频段辐射阵列最高工作频点的二分之一波长；
    所述每个低频辐射单元包括两对彼此以极化正交装设的对称振子，所述低频段辐射阵列中至少有一个低频辐射单元的其中一对对称振子中的两个对称振子分别具有不同的馈入功率设置；
    所述第一高频段辐射阵列包括多个高频辐射单元，至少部分高频段辐射单元沿同一轴线共轴排列，且该轴线与所述低频段辐射阵列的其中一条轴线重合，且该轴线上所排列的高频段辐射单元中，至少有部分的高频段辐射单元嵌套在同一轴线上的低频段辐射单元内，且该些嵌套的高频段辐射单元在反射板上的正投影面积落在相应的低频段辐射单元在反射板上的正投影面积范围之内。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的多频共用天线，其特征在于，所述低频段辐射阵列所占据的所述两条轴线中，设置在不同轴线上的任意两个相邻的低频辐射单元为一组，该组中同一极化的四个对称振子中，以该两条轴线中第一轴线与第二轴线的对称轴线为参考，邻近所述对称轴线的对称振子馈入功率相等或大致相等，远离所述对称轴线的对称振子馈入功率相等或大致相等，且前者的馈入功率大于后者的馈入功率。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的多频共用天线，其特征在于，所述低频段辐射阵列所占据的所述两条轴线中，以该两条轴线中第一轴线与第二轴线的对称轴线为参考，所述对称轴线左边的相邻近的对称振子的馈入功率之和与所述对称轴线右边的相邻近的对称振子的馈入功率之和相等或大致相等，所述对称轴线左边的相远离的对称振子的馈入功率之和与所述对称轴线右边的相远离的对称振子的馈入功率之和相等或大致相等，且前者的馈入功率和值大于后者的馈入功率和值。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的多频共用天线，其特征在于，其包括由另外的馈电网络馈电的第二高频段辐射阵列，所述第二高频段辐射阵列包括多个高频辐射单元，至少部分沿同一轴线共轴排列；第一高频段辐射阵列的所述轴线和第二高频段辐射阵列的所述轴线彼此相邻且平行设置。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的多频共用天线，其特征在于，所述第二高频段辐射阵列的轴线与所述低频段辐射阵列的一条轴线相重合，第二高频段辐射阵列中至少有部分的高频段辐射单元嵌套在同一轴线上的低频段辐射单元内，且该些嵌套的高频段辐射单元在反射板上的正投影面积落在相应的低频段辐射单元在反射板上的正投影面积范围之内。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的多频共用天线，其特征在于，在所述第一和第二高频辐射列的轴线的对称轴线上的轴向一侧处，所述低频段辐射阵列的多个低频辐射单元沿该对称轴线布设。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的多频共用天线，其特征在于，其包括并排设置的由另外的馈电网络分别馈电的第三和第四高频段辐射阵列，第三高频段辐射阵列的轴线与第一高频段辐射阵列的轴线的延长线重合，第四高频段辐射阵列的轴线与第二高频段辐射阵列的轴线延长线重合，第三和第四高频段辐射阵列所处轴线延长线范围内，各自均有属于所述低频段辐射阵列的低频辐射单元供其嵌套，且该些嵌套的高频段辐射单元在反射板上的正投影面积落在相应的低频段辐射单元在反射板上的正投影面积范围之内。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的多频共用天线，其特征在于，其包括与第一和第二高频段辐射阵列平行设置的由另外的馈电网络分别独立馈电的第三和第四高频段辐射阵列，以及包括由另外的馈电网络独立馈电的第二低频段辐射阵列，第二低频段辐射阵列与第三、第四高频段辐射阵列之间，以同于前述的结构相组装，以该组装结构所形成的轴线与前述的各轴线相平行设置。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的多频共用天线，其特征在于，所述第一高频段辐射阵列的另一部分高频辐射单元沿另一轴线共轴设置，第一高频段辐射阵列的各轴线上设置的高频辐射单元在该些轴线的正交方向上相互错开设置。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的多频共用天线，其特征在于，所述低频段辐射阵列与第一高频段辐射阵列均分布在两条轴线上，彼此各以一条轴线相重合设置，而彼此的另一条轴线关于该对重合的轴线对称设置。
  11. 根据权利要求1至10中任意一项所述的多频共用天线，其特征在于， 任意所述低频辐射单元的对称振子中的辐射臂与任意所述高频辐射单元的对称振子中的辐射臂在反射板方向上的正投影相互之间无干涉。
  12. 根据权利要求1至10中任意一项所述的多频共用天线，其特征在于，在正投影到所述反射板的方向上，所述低频段辐射阵列的相邻两条轴线之间的间距小于或等于布置在该些轴线上的单个低频辐射单元的最大正投影尺寸。
  13. 根据权利要求1至10中任意一项所述的多频共用天线，其特征在于，在沿所述低频段辐射阵列的轴向上，位置为奇数的若干个低频辐射单元布置在低频段辐射阵列的一条轴线上，位置为偶数的若干个低频辐射单元布置在低频段辐射阵列的另一条轴线上。
  14. 根据权利要求1至10中任意一项所述的多频共用天线，其特征在于，在沿所述低频段辐射阵列的轴向上，位置离散的若干个低频辐射单元布置在低频段辐射阵列的一条轴线上，位置连续的若干个低频辐射单元布置在低频段辐射阵列的另一条轴线上。
  15. 根据权利要求1至10任意一项所述的多频共用天线，其特征在于，所述高频辐射单元和/或低频辐射单元为平面印刷辐射单元或贴片振子。
  16. 根据权利要求1至10中任意一项所述的多频共用天线，其特征在于，所述低频辐射单元辐射口径面最大尺寸小于150mm。
  17. 一种天线控制系统，其特征在于，其包括如权利要求1至16中任意一项所述的多频共用天线，还包括有用于改变提供给所述天线内部的辐射单元的信号的相位的移相器，所述移相器具有第一部件和第二部件，第一部件相对于第二部件的滑动导致流经该移相器的所述信号的相位的改变。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的天线控制系统，其特征在于，该系统包括机电驱动部件，该机电驱动部件具有电力控制单元、电机和机械驱动单元，电力控制单元响应于一个外部控制信号以驱动所述电机以预定量动作，该电机的预定量动作通过机械驱动单元提供的力矩将动力作用于所述移相器的第一部件以实现移相。
PCT/CN2012/087783 2012-01-13 2012-12-28 天线控制系统和多频共用天线 Ceased WO2013104260A1 (zh)

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ES12865113.0T ES2673127T3 (es) 2012-01-13 2012-12-28 Sistema de control de antena y antena común multifrecuencia
US14/371,369 US9559432B2 (en) 2012-01-13 2012-12-28 Antenna control system and multi-frequency shared antenna
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BR112014017345A BR112014017345A2 (pt) 2012-01-13 2012-12-28 sistema de controle de antena e antena de multifrequencia partilhada
EP12865113.0A EP2804260B1 (en) 2012-01-13 2012-12-28 Aerial control system and multi-frequency common aerial
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US20150009078A1 (en) 2015-01-08
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