Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
  • F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
  • F16K1/32—Details
  • F16K1/54—Arrangements for modifying the way in which the rate of flow varies during the actuation of the valve
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
  • B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
  • B63G8/40—Rescue equipment for personnel
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
  • F16K17/00—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves
  • F16K17/18—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on either side
  • F16K17/19—Equalising valves predominantly for tanks
  • F16K17/196—Equalising valves predominantly for tanks spring-loaded
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
  • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
  • F16K31/12—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid
  • F16K31/122—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid the fluid acting on a piston
  • F16K31/1223—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid the fluid acting on a piston one side of the piston being acted upon by the circulating fluid

Definitions

• This invention relates to flood control valve assemblies and marine vessels having flood control valve assemblies.
• embodiments of this invention may be used as a depth compensating flood control valve assembly for automatically controlling the rate at which a submarine escape chamber is flooded.
• Flood valves are used to control the rate at which fluid flows through the valve into a space to be flooded
• Flood valves are used in submarine escape chambers to flood the submarine escape chamber with seawater in orde to increase the pressure of the escape chamber towards surrounding seawater pressure.
• a submarine escape chamber is a compartment in a submarine which allows crew to escape from a submarine.
• the pressure in the submarine is usually controlled to approximately 1 bar.
• the escape chamber has an inboard hatch and an outboard hatch. When a submarine is below the surface of water the external pressure on the outboard hatch is greater than the pressure inside the submarine.
• the outboard hatch can only be opened to allow for escape from a submarine when pressure in the escape chamber is substantially equal to external water pressure .
• the escapee is pressurized from internal submarine pressure (approximately 1 bar) to depth pressure at a controlled rate. While it is desirable for escape to be possible as quickly as possible, the pressure increase must occur at a rate that is safe for an escapee to withstand. This controlled rate should be no greater than a doubling of pressure every 4 seconds.
• the escapee is enclosed within the escape chamber that is gradually flooded to depth pressure by allowing seawater into the chamber.
• the flow rate of seawater into the chamber is set by the characteristics of a flood valve, primarily the area of its orifice.
• a flood valve has a fixed orifice area and therefore has a flow optimised for a single specific depth of water.
• the present inventors have found that in order for the rate of fluid flow through a flood valve to be controlled so that pressurisation of a chamber occurs at a predetermined safe rate, it is necessary for the area of a valve orifice, through which fluid flows from the flood valve into the chamber to be pressurised, to be variable to enable, for example, an optimised fluid flow rate through the flood valve within the depth range of a submarine so that the chamber may be pressurised at an optimum safe rate at any depth within the submarine's depth range.
• the present invention provides a flood control valve assembly having a variable orifice, a moveable orifice adjustment component and a biasing member.
• the variable orifice is adjustable in dependence on the orifice adjustment component, the orifice
• adjustment component being moveable in response to a pressure difference between two regions under the influence of the biasing member.
• the flood control valve assembly of the present invention provides the advantage that the rate at which fluid flows through the valve is mechanically and automatically controlled by varying the area of the valve orifice in response to the difference in pressure between regions between which fluid is required to flow, for example the difference between seawater pressure and internal submarine pressure.
• the present invention may provide a flood control valve assembly comprising:
• first chamber containing a first compartment and a second compartment, the first and second compartments being separated by a moveable wall, the moveable wall being moveable in a first direction, the first chamber also having a first inlet in fluid communication with the first compartment, and a second inlet in fluid
• a second chamber having a fluid flow duct and a flood control element
• the flood control element having a valve body and a fluid flow restrictor extending in the valve body, the valve body and the fluid flow restrictor being moveable relative to each other in dependence on the moveable wall between a first position and a second position, the valve body and the fluid flow restrictor being shaped such as to define a valve orifice
• the area of the valve orifice in a plane transverse to the direction of relative movement is variable dependent on the relative position of the valve body and the fluid flow restrictor, the area of the valve orifice being less in the first position than in the second position, and the moveable wall being biased by a biasing member to urge the flood control element towards the second position.
• the first chamber has two compartments separated by a moveable wall, the first and second inlets allow the first and second compartments to receive fluids at different pressures.
• the moveable wall will be forced towards the compartment containing fluid at lower pressure by the higher pressure fluid contained in the other compartment.
• Movement of the moveable wall occurs automatically when there is a difference in pressure between the fluid contained in the first compartment and the fluid
• the biasing member acts against the force of the higher pressure liquid to ensure that the area of the valve orifice is varied as the difference in pressure between the fluid contained in the first compartment and the fluid contained in the second compartment is reduced.
• the area of the valve orifice is the area of the valve orifice.
• the moveable wall and the biasing member together provide mechanical and automatic control of the flood control element, and therefore the area of the valve orifice, as the valve body and the fluid flow restrictor are moved relative to one another in response to the pressure difference across the moveable wall.
• This control of the area of the valve orifice may be used to control the rate of fluid flow from the fluid flow duct through the flood valve control assembly.
• This mechanical flood control valve assembly with a variable valve orifice provides the advantage that flooding from a high pressure region to a low pressure region can be automatically controlled to an optimum safe rate whatever the difference in pressure between the high pressure region and the low pressure region without the need for electronic systems. Therefore, the flood control valve assembly of the present invention may be used as a depth compensating flood control valve for controlling the rate at which a submarine escape tower is flooded with seawater.
• the flood control valve assembly allows seawater to flow through the flood control valve so that a submarine escape tower is automatically
• the optimum safe rate is known to be a doubling of pressure every 4 seconds.
• variable area of the valve orifice may be used to control the rate of fluid flow through a flood control valve assembly to a predetermined rate taking into account the difference in pressure across the moveable wall.
• variable area of the valve orifice is determined by the relative configurations of the valve body and fluid flow restrictor. Whilst it is possible for each to have a variable profile in the direction of relative movement, it will normally be easier for one or the other to have a shaped profile which is the primary
• the fluid flow restrictor has profile which enables the area of the valve orifice to be varied as the valve body and the fluid flow restrictor move relatively to each other, but alternatives are possible in which it is the valve body which has the appropriate profile.
• the other of the fluid flow restrictor and valve body will need to have a suitable shape to provide a suitable variation of the area of the orifice as the relative movement occurs.
• the configuration of the area of the valve orifice depends on the shape of the fluid flow restrictor and the valve body, along with their positions relative to each other in both the direction of relative movement and in a plane transverse to the direction of relative movement.
• the valve body and the fluid flow restrictor are positioned and/or shaped to form a valve orifice having a continuous path in a plane transverse to the direction of relative movement, such that the area of the valve orifice surrounds the fluid flow restrictor.
• the fluid flow restrictor and the valve body are coaxially aligned in a plane transverse to the direction of relative movement.
• the fluid flow restrictor and the valve body are coaxially aligned in said plane and shaped to have a circular cross-section in a plane transverse to the direction of relative movement f the area of the valve orifice takes the form of an annulus .
• the biasing member is preloaded such that the force exerted by the biasing member on the moveable wall causes the area of the valve orifice to increase as the pressure difference across the moveable wall is decreased. More preferably the area of the valve orifice is maximised when there is no pressure difference across the moveable wall.
• the biasing member is a spring.
• the biasing member is preloaded in compression .
• the biasing member is located in a third chamber, the biasing member being connected to the moveable wall through an aperture in the first chamber by a second connecting element.
• the third chamber is sealed from the first chamber to prevent fluid from the first chamber entering the third chamber, for example, to prevent corrosion of the biasing member due to contact with fluids contained in the first chamber.
• the flood control valve assembly has a biasing member adjustment means for adjusting the force exerted by the biasing member on the moveable wall. This allows the biasing member to be adjusted to exert a predetermined force on the moveable wall.
• the biasing member is adjusted using the biasing member adjustment means such that when the pressure of fluid in the first compartment is equal to pressure of fluid in the second compartment the force exerted by the biasing member on the moveable wall causes the valve orifice to be fully opened.
• the biasing member adjustment means comprises a nut and a complimentary screw thread.
• the moveable wall is connected to the flood control element through an aperture in the first chamber by a first connecting element. In an embodiment the moveable wall is connected to the fluid flow
• the first connecting member causes movement of the fluid flow restrictor relative to the valve body when there is a difference in the pressure of fluid contained in the first and second compartments.
• the moveable wall is connected to the valve body.
• the first connecting member causes the movement of the valve body relative to the fluid flow restrictor when there is a difference in the pressure of fluid contained in the first and second compartments.
• the direction of relative movement is
• the first chamber is sealed from the second chamber to prevent fluid communication between the two chambers.
• the fluid flow duct is in fluid communication with the first chamber.
• the releasable locking mechanism has a fluid flow duct inlet valve in fluid communication with the fluid flow duct.
• the fluid flow duct inlet valve is moveable between a first closed position and a second open position, configured such that in the first closed position the fluid the fluid flow duct inlet valve prevents fluid flow to the fluid flow duct. In the second open position the fluid flow duct inlet valve allows fluid to flow to the fluid flow duct.
• the releasable locking mechanism allows fluid flow through the flood control valve assembly to be prevented.
• the present inventors have found that the area of the valve orifice in response to pressure difference across the moveable wall may cause the fluid flow through the valve orifice to change from laminar flow to
• valve orifice Fluid flow through the valve orifice has been found to be dependent on orifice area and loss co-efficient , the value of the loss coefficient can be significantly different between laminar and turbulent flow and with the degree of turbulence.
• the valve orifice is shaped to take said change in fluid flow into account.
• the area of the valve orifice may be controlled by shaping the valve body and/or the fluid flow restrictor to provide a non-linear change in the area of valve orifice as the valve body and the fluid flow restrictor are moved relative to each other.
• the present inventors have found that alternatively or additionally the provision of a non-linear biasing member may be used to provide a non-linear change in the area of the valve orifice as the pressure difference across the moveable wall changes, for example, the pressure
• the fluid flow restrictor has a nonlinear profile to allow for the valve orifice to be varied non-linearly as the valve body and fluid flow restrictor are moved relative to each other in response to a pressure difference across the moveable wall.
• the fluid flow restrictor has a concave profile.
• a fluid flow restrictor with a convex profile is suitable to achieve a desired fluid flow rate through the flood control valve assembly.
• a discontinuous non-linear profile of the fluid flow restrictor is preferred to provide a flood control valve assembly having desirable fluid flow
• valve body has a non-linear profile to allow for the valve orifice to be varied non- linearly as the valve body and fluid flow restrictor are moved relative to each other in response to a pressure difference across the moveable wall.
• valve body has a convex profile.
• valve body has a concave profile.
• valve body has a discontinuous non-linear profile.
• both the fluid flow restrictor and the valve body may be shaped as described above to allow for the valve orifice to be varied non-linearly as the fluid flow restrictor and the valve body are moved relative to each other.
• the fluid flow restrictor and/or the valve body having a non-linear profile provides the advantage that the area of the valve orifice is variable non-linearly as the pressure
• the biasing member is a nonlinear biasing member.
• the present inventors have found that the provision of a non-linear biasing member allows the area of the valve orifice to be varied non-linearly even if both the valve body and fluid flow restrictor have a linear profile.
• the non-linear biasing member is configured to cause non-uniform relative movement between the valve body and the fluid flow restrictor such that the area of the valve orifice is varied non-uniformly as the difference in pressure across the moveable wall varies, for example as the pressure difference decreases.
• the non-linear biasing member may be used in combination with a linear or non-linear valve body and a linear or non-linear fluid flow restrictor.
• the non-linear biasing member comprises a non-linear spring.
• non-linear biasing member provides the same advantages as those discussed above for a non-linear fluid flow restrictor or a non-linear valve body.
• the present invention may provide a marine vessel having the flood control valve assembly as discussed above with reference to the first aspect.
• first inlet is in fluid communication with the exterior of the marine vessel and the second inlet is in fluid communication with the interior of the marine vessel.
• fluid flow duct is in fluid communication with the exterior of the marine vessel.
• the marine vessel is a submarine having an escape chamber, the interior of the escape chamber being in fluid communication with the valve orifice of a flood control valve assembly.
• the flood control valve assembly may be used to automatically control the rate at which a submarine escape chamber is flooded to allow pressurisation of the submarine escape chamber at the optimum safe rate.
• the variable area of the valve orifice allows for automatic pressurisation of the submarine escape chamber at a safe rate at any depth within the submarine's depth range.
• a submarine has an outer casing and an internal pressure hull.
• the submarine pressure hull normally maintains the pressure of the interior of the submarine at approximately 1 bar.
• An escape chamber is provided in a submarine to form a channel linking the interior of the submarine through the pressure hull with the exterior of the submarine. The escape chamber is sealable from the interior of the submarine at its entrance and sealable form the exterior of the submarine at its exit.
• first inlet and the fluid flow duct are in fluid communication with the exterior of the submarine and the second inlet is in fluid communication with the interior of the submarine.
• Figure 1 is a schematic cross-section of a flood control valve assembly being an embodiment of the present invention, the flood control element shown in the first position;
• Figure 2 is a schematic cross-section of the flood control valve assembly of figure 1, the flood control element shown in between the first position and the second position;
• Figure 3 is a schematic cross-section of the flood control valve assembly of figure 1, the flood control element shown in the second position;
• Figure 4 is a graph showing an example of the variation of the valve orifice area with water depth to achieve a predetermined fluid flow rate through the floo control valve assembly in order to pressurise a
• Figure 5 xs a schematic cross-section of a subma escape chamber being an embodiment of the present invention .
• FIG. 1 shows a flood control valve assembly of the present invention.
• the flood control valve assembly has a main body 2 housing three chambers separated from one another by integral walls, which define a first chamber 4 and a second chamber 16.
• the first chamber 4 is divided into two
• compartments a first compartment 6 and a second
• the first chamber 4 has a first inlet 12 to allow fluid to enter the first compartment 6 from outside the main body 2, and a second inlet 14 to allow fluid to enter the second compartment 8 from outside the main body 2.
• first inlet 12 to allow fluid to enter the first compartment 6 from outside the main body 2
• second inlet 14 to allow fluid to enter the second compartment 8 from outside the main body 2.
• the second chamber 16 contains a flood control element having a valve body 20 and a fluid flow
• the fluid flow restrictor 22 is connected to the moveable wall 10 of the first chamber 4 by a first connecting element 28 through an aperture 26 in the first chamber 4.
• a pressure difference between the fluids contained in the first compartment 6 and the second compartment 8 of the first chamber 4 causes the moveable wall 10 to move towards the compartment containing the lower pressure fluid, which in turn moves the fluid flow restrictor 22 relative to the valve body 20 to change the area of a valve orifice 38 (not shown in figure 1) formed between the fluid flow restrictor 22 and the valve body 20.
• a fluid flow duct 18 provides a fluid path from the exterior of the main body 2 to the flood control element. Fluid entering the flood control valve assembly through the fluid flow duct 18 may exit the flood control valve assembly through the valve orifice 38 when the fluid flow restrictor 22 and the valve body 20 are positioned relative to each other so that the valve orifice 38 is formed between them.
• the third chamber 36 houses a spring 24 as the biasing member.
• the spring 24 is connected to the moveable wall 10 by a second connecting member 32 through an aperture 34 in the first chamber 4.
• the spring 24 acts on the moveable wall 10 in the opposite direction to the force exerted by the higher pressure fluid contained in the first chamber 4. Therefore, if the higher pressure fluid acts on the moveable wall 10 to force the fluid flow restrictor 22 into the valve body 20 to minimise the area of the valve orifice 38, the spring 24 acts on the moveable wall 10 to increase the area of the valve orifice 38.
• the first inlet 12 should be supplied with fluid at a higher pressure than that of the fluid supplied to the second inlet 14.
• the first inlet 12 may be in fluid
• the spring 24 housed in the third chamber 36 is connected to the moveable wall 10 by the second connecting element 32 through the aperture 34 in the first chamber 4 to urge the moveable wall 10 towards the first compartment 6.
• the spring 24 is preloaded in compression to cause the flood control element to move towards the second position (shown in figure 3) when the pressure of fluid contained in the first compartment 6 is equal to the pressure of fluid contained in the second compartment 8.
• the fluid flow duct 18 may be in fluid communication with the exterior of a submarine, to supply fluid, e.g. seawater, to the second chamber 16 and the flood control element
• the fluid flow restrictor 22 has a non-linear profile to allow the area of the valve orifice 38 to be varied non-linearly in response to the pressure difference across the moveable wall 10, for example the difference in pressure between seawater pressure at a particular depth and internal submarine pressure.
• Figure 1 shows the flood control valve assembly in the first position in which fluid flow from the fluid flow duct 18 through the flood control element is restricted due to the small area of the valve orifice 38 (shown in figures 2 and 3) .
• Figures 2 and 3 show that movement of the moveable wall 10 towards the second compartment 8 in the first direction causes relative movement between the fluid flow restrictor 22 relative to the valve body 20 to increase the area of the valve orifice 38.
• the area of the valve orifice 38 is increased non-linearly as the spring 24 acts on the moveable wall 10 to increase the area of the valve orifice 38 as the difference in the pressure of the fluids contained in the first and second compartments is reduced.
• the fluid flow restrictor 22 and the valve body 20 are coaxially aligned in a plane transverse to the direction of relative movement, they are both shaped to have a circular cross-section in a plane transverse to the direction of relative movement.
• the area of the valve orifice 38 takes the form of an annulus, with the area of the valve orifice 38 surrounding the fluid flow restrictor 22.
• the force provided by the biasing member 24 on the moveable wall 10 may be adjusted using the biasing member adjustment means 30.
• the biasing member adjustment means 30 may be configured to preload the biasing member 24 in compression or in tension.
• the biasing member 24 is a spring which is preloaded in compression.
• the biasing member adjustment means 30 is a nut on a complimentary screw thread.
• the biasing member adjustment means 30 allows the force provided by the biasing member 24 on the moveable wall 10 to be adjusted so that, for example, the area of the valve orifice 38 is maximised when the pressure of fluid contained in the first compartment 6 is equal to the pressure of fluid contained in the second compartment 8.
• the rate of fluid flow through the flood control element is determined by the area of the valve orifice 38.
• the balance between the pressure of fluid contained in the first compartment 6 and the pressure of fluid contained in the second compartment 8 along with the force provided by the biasing member 24 controls the movement of the moveable wall 10.
• connecting element 28 connects the moveable wall 10 to the fluid flow restrictor 22, the pressure difference across the moveable wall 10 also controls the movement of the fluid flow restrictor 22 relative to the valve body 20.
• the shape of the fluid flow restrictor 22 and its position relative to the valve body 20 determines the area of the valve orifice 38 and therefore the rate at which fluid may flow through the flood control valve assembly at a particular external pressure.
• Figure 4 is a graph showing an example of the variation the area of a valve orifice to achieve a desired fluid flow rate through a flood control valve assembly at a range of depths, and therefore at a range of external pressures.
• the area of the valve orifice required across the range of depths, for example the depth range of a submarine, to allow fluid to flow through the flood control valve assembly at a predetermined rate at any depth within the range, may be converted into the profile of a fluid flow restrictor. In other embodiments this information may be used to obtain the profile of the valve body.
• the exact profile of the fluid flow restrictor and/or valve body may depend on the particular size and geometry of the submarine escape chamber and the
• FIG. 5 shows a submarine escape chamber 70 comprising a flood control valve assembly 52 according to the first aspect of the invention, as illustrated in figures 1 to 3.
• the flood control valve assembly shown in figures 1 to 3 is installed in the submarine escape chamber with the first inlet 12 and the fluid flow duct 18 in fluid communication with the exterior of the submarine so that seawater at external pressure may enter the first compartment 6 and the second chamber 16 of the flood control valve assembly, and the second inlet 14 in fluid communication with the interior of the submarine to allow air at internal submarine pressure, usually maintained at approximately 1 bar, into the second compartment 8.
• an escapee enters the submarine escape chamber through an inboard hatch 60 from a main body of the submarine housed inside the submarine pressure hull 64. If the pressure outside of the submarine is equal to the pressure inside the submarine pressure hull 64, an outboard hatch 58 may be opened using an outboard hatch operating handle 66. However, when the pressure outside the submarine external casing 62 is greater than the pressure inside the escape chamber it will not be possible to open the escape hatch 58 due to the external pressure, for example seawater pressure, forcing the escape hatch 58 closed.
• a flood valve handle 54 or 56 is used to unlock the flood control valve assembly 52 by opening the fluid flow duct inlet valve (not shown) to allow seawater to flow through the fluid flow duct inlet valve into the fluid flow duct 18 and through the valve orifice 38 into the escape chamber.
• the inboard hatch 60 may be closed to prevent fluid flowing though the inboard hatch into the main body of the submarine, inside the submarine pressure hull 64, from the escape chamber.
• fluid for example seawater
• fluid flows from the fluid flow duct 18, through the flood control element and through the valve orifice 38 into the escape chamber 70.
• the area of the valve orifice 38 is controlled by the position of the fluid flow restrictor 22 relative to the valve body 20.
• the relative movement of the valve body 20 and the fluid flow restrictor 22 is caused by the moveable wall 10 connected to the fluid flow restrictor 22 by the first connecting member 28 through the aperture 26 in the first chamber 4, and the biasing member 24.
• the first inlet 12 allows seawater at external pressure to flow into the first compartment 6, and the second inlet 14 allows fluid at internal submarine pressure, for example air within the submarine pressure hull 64, to enter the second

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
• Safety Valves (AREA)
• Flow Control (AREA)

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Citations (9)

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• 2012
  • 2012-01-18 GB GB1200887.6A patent/GB2498545A/en not_active Withdrawn
• 2013
  • 2013-01-14 WO PCT/GB2013/050063 patent/WO2013108015A1/fr not_active Ceased

Patent Citations (9)

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