Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
  • A61K8/39—Derivatives containing from 2 to 10 oxyalkylene groups
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
  • A61Q19/10—Washing or bathing preparations
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
  • A61Q5/02—Preparations for cleaning the hair
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C43/00—Ethers; Compounds having groups, groups or groups
  • C07C43/02—Ethers
  • C07C43/03—Ethers having all ether-oxygen atoms bound to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C43/04—Saturated ethers
  • C07C43/10—Saturated ethers of polyhydroxy compounds
  • C07C43/11—Polyethers containing —O—(C—C—O—)n units with ≤ 2 n≤ 10
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C43/00—Ethers; Compounds having groups, groups or groups
  • C07C43/02—Ethers
  • C07C43/03—Ethers having all ether-oxygen atoms bound to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C43/14—Unsaturated ethers
  • C07C43/15—Unsaturated ethers containing only non-aromatic carbon-to-carbon double bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
  • C08G65/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds
  • C08G65/2603—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds the other compounds containing oxygen
  • C08G65/2606—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds the other compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxyl groups
  • C08G65/2609—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds the other compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxyl groups containing aliphatic hydroxyl groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L71/00—Compositions of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L71/02—Polyalkylene oxides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/722—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols having mixed oxyalkylene groups; Polyalkoxylated fatty alcohols or polyalkoxylated alkylaryl alcohols with mixed oxyalkylele groups

Definitions

• Alkoxylates of optionally hydrogenated farnesols and their use are optionally hydrogenated farnesols and their use
• the present invention relates to novel, specifically alkoxylated farnesol alkoxylates based on farnesol or at least partially hydrogenated farnesol, directly linked to a propylene oxide block; Process for the preparation of these alkoxylates and their use in washing, rinsing, cleaning or softening compositions, cosmetics, paper-making agents, agrochemical compositions, fuel additives and solubilization aids in aqueous fluid systems.
• fragrance alcohol alkoxylates such as, for example, farnesol alkoxylates
• washing, rinsing, cleaning and finishing agents as well as cosmetic preparations and known as solubilization aids. It does not describe the use of at least partially hydrogenated farnesols as starting material for the preparation of the alkoxylates.
• preparation of short and medium chain length mixed alkoxylates made up of blocks of different alkoxylates wherein the primary, i.e. alkoxylate block linked to the farnesol is a propoxylate block.
• WO 2004/006883 discloses skin care compositions based on branched alcohols having a chain length of at least 7 carbon atoms. Alcohols with a chain length of more than 13 carbon atoms are not disclosed. In addition, the alcohol derivatives described there are characterized by a carboxyl-terminated, optionally alkoxy-containing side group.
• the farnesol alkoxylates known from the prior art do not yet fully satisfy the requirements of practical application in the fields mentioned, since the triply unsaturated side chain is less chemically stable and can form various decomposition products in the presence of atmospheric oxygen and also the residual alcohol content and thus the active substance content is not optimal.
• the preparations known from the prior art have a high residual farnesol content, which is to be regarded as a serious disadvantage due to the known irritant effect of farnesol.
• farnesol encompasses all stereoisomeric forms of this compound, including in particular the E / E configurations of the natural farnesol but also the E / Z or Z / E configuration of synthetic farnesols, or mixtures of these configurations
• farnesyl hydrocarbon radicals derived from farnesol
• the terms “farnesol” or “farnesyl” include both non-hydrogenated and partially or fully hydrated farnesol and farnesyl, respectively.
• an "at least partially” hydrogenated farnesol or “at least partially” hydrogenated farnesyl radical is understood as meaning compounds or radicals in which one, two or three of the double bonds of the farnesol or the farnesyl radical are hydrogenated.
• the individual hydrogenation hydrogenation of a single double bond
• Double hydrogenations hydrogenation of two of the three double bonds
• the term “at least partially hydrogenated” also encompasses mixtures of partially and completely hydrogenated farnesols or partially and completely hydrogenated farnesyl radicals, it also being possible for non-hydrogenated farnesol or nonhydrogenated farnesyl radicals to likewise be present.
• m-values in the mixture vary, such as integer values from 0 to 50, or 1 to 20, especially 2 to 15, 2 to 10 or 2 vary up to 8, such as 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7.
• N-values and x-values may also vary in the ranges given below, but particularly narrow-range alkoxylates with low distribution.
• the parameters x, m and n on average can also assume non-integer values.
• the stated degrees of alkoxylation (x values) represent, in particular, statistical average values which, for a specific product, may be an integer or a fractional number.
• “Lower alkylene” in particular represents C 2 -C 12 -alkylene radicals, ie straight-chain or mono- or poly-branched hydrocarbon bridging groups having 2 to 12 carbon atoms of the general formula
• R a , Rb, R c and Rd are the same or different and these radicals independently of one another are H or a Ci to Cio-alkyl radical, which is in particular straight-chain, with the proviso that at least one of the radicals R a , Rb, Rc and Rd is H and does not exceed the total number of C atoms of the lower alkylene group 12.
• the lower alkylene group may be, for example, C 2 -C 6 -alkylene groups, for example selected from - (CH 2 ) 2 -, -CH 2 -CH (Met) -, -CH (Met) -CH 2 -, -CH (Met) - CH (Met) -, -C (Met) 2 -CH 2 -, -CH 2 -C (Met) 2 -, -C (Met) 2 -CH (Met) -, -CH (Met) -C (Met ) 2 -, -CH 2 -CH (Et) -, -CH (Et) -CH 2 -, -CH (Et) -CH (Et) -, -C (Et) 2 -CH 2 -, -CH 2 -C (Et) 2 -, -CH 2 -CH (n-prop) -,
• “Niedrigalkylenoxide” are the corresponding epoxide-bridged compounds of the above “lower alkylene” groups, such as C2-C12-, C2-C6, C2-C 4 -, C3-C10- or C3-C6-alkylene oxide.
• “Lower alkylene oxide groups” are the radicals (-AlkO-) formed therefrom by opening of the epoxide bridge.
• “Propylene” in particular represents groups of the formulas -CH 2 -CH (Met) - or - CH (Met) -CH 2 -
• Propylene oxide stands for the corresponding epoxide-bridged compounds of the above “propylene” radicals.
• Propylene oxide are the radicals formed by opening the epoxide bridge (-PO-).
• Alkali metal salts in general or “alkali metal alkoxylates” or “alkali metal hydroxides” include in particular salts of lithium, sodium and potassium.
• Alkaline earth metal salts in general or “alkaline earth metal alkoxylates” or “alkaline earth metal hydroxides” include in particular salts of magnesium. Calcium, strontium and barium.
• R is an unhydrogenated or at least partially hydrogenated, i. partially or in particular fully hydrogenated farnesyl radical
• P is a propylene group
• Y is an alkylene oxide block other than (PO) n , especially a lower alkylene oxide block;
• n is a non-integer or integer value of 1, 2 or 3; and mixtures of such compounds.
• R may be unhydrogenated farnesyl.
• R can also stand for fully hydrogenated farnesyl.
• R may also be partially hydrogenated farnesyl.
• P may in particular stand for i-propylene groups.
• Y may stand in particular for an EO block.
• Y may stand in particular for an EO-comprising block
• n may stand in particular for 1 or 2.
• R, P and n have the meanings given above, and
• Y is an alkylene oxide block selected from EO-comprising blocks:
• C 3 -C 6 -alkylene oxide groups in particular C 3 and / or C 4 -alkylene oxide
• m is a non-integer or integer value of 3 to 50, 3 to 25, 3 to 15 or 3 to 10;
• x is a non-integer or integer value of 1 to 10, 1 to 8 or 1 to 5; in which
• n + m + x e.g. in the range of 3 to 63, or 5 to 50, 7 to 25, or
• R may be unhydrogenated farnesyl.
• R can also stand for fully hydrogenated farnesyl.
• R may also be partially hydrogenated farnesyl.
• P may in particular stand for i-propylene groups.
• Y may stand in particular for an EO block.
• Y may stand in particular for an EO-comprising block
• n may stand in particular for 1 or 2.
• AlkO may in particular stand for C3-alkylene oxide.
• AlkO may in particular stand for C 4 -alkylene oxide.
• x can stand for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10
• m can stand for 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12.
• n for a non-integer or integer value of 1 or 2;
• n for a non-integer or integer value from 6 to 12, in particular 7, 8, 9, 10 or 1 1, and
• x is a non-integer or integer value of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 or of 1, 2, 3 or 4;
• R may be unhydrogenated farnesyl.
• R can also stand for fully hydrogenated farnesyl.
• R may also be partially hydrogenated farnesyl.
• P may in particular stand for i-propylene groups.
• the alkoxylation catalyst of step a) is a multimetal cyanide catalyst or an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, e.g. LiOH, NaOH, KOH, Mg (OH) 2 , Ca (OH) 2 , Sr (OH) 2 or Ba (OH) 2 or an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal alkoxylate, such as sodium or potassium methoxylate.
• a multimetal cyanide catalyst or an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide e.g. LiOH, NaOH, KOH, Mg (OH) 2 , Ca (OH) 2 , Sr (OH) 2 or Ba (OH) 2 or an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal alkoxylate, such as sodium or potassium methoxylate.
• the multimetal cyanide catalyst is selected from catalysts comprising at least one dimetal cyanide compound of general formula (D) in which
• M 1 is a metal ion selected from the group consisting of Zn (II), Fe (II), Co (III), Ni (II),
• M 2 is a metal ion selected from the group consisting of Sr (I), Mg (II), Zn (II), Fe (II),
• X is a non-cyanide group which forms a coordinate bond to M 1 selected from the group consisting of carbonyl, cyanoate, isocyanate, nitrite, thiocyanate and nitrosyl, a, b, r, t are integers chosen to satisfy the electroneutrality condition.
• M 1 is Zn (II) and M 2 is selected from Co (III) and Fe (III).
• Farnesol alkoxylate-containing reaction product obtainable by a process according to any one of embodiments 4 to 7.
• Farnesol alkoxylate reaction product according to embodiment 8 having a residual farnesol content of less than 1 wt .-%, in particular less than 0.5 Wt .-%, less than 0.3 wt .-% or less than 0.1 wt .-% or with a residual Fernsolgehalt of not more than 1 wt .-%, in particular not more than 0.5 wt.
• wt .-% not more than 0.3 wt .-%, not more than 0.25 wt .-%, not more than 0.2 wt .-% or not more than 0.1 wt .-%, such as from about 0 (ie, detection limit) to 1 or 0.01 to 0.1 wt.% or 0.01 to 0.25 wt.% or 0.01 to 0.2 wt.% or 0.01 to 0 , 15 wt .-% or 0.05 to 0.25 wt .-%.
• the invention also provides the process products obtained by a process of embodiments 4 to 7 and their use, as defined above.
• the farnesol alkoxylates of the formula (I) according to the invention can be prepared in a manner known per se and using conventional equipment.
• one suitable method of preparation involves the reaction of an at least partially hydrogenated one such as e.g. fully hydrogenated farnesol in a reactor which under suitable conditions is initially reacted with propylene oxide and then with at least one alkylene oxide other than propylene oxide, i. is reacted with a single alkylene oxide, a mixture of alkylene oxides or stepwise with the same or different optionally different from propylene oxide alkylene oxides until the desired chain length and / or alkylene oxide block sequence is reached.
• an at least partially hydrogenated one such as e.g. fully hydrogenated farnesol in a reactor which under suitable conditions is initially reacted with propylene oxide and then with at least one alkylene oxide other than propylene oxide, i. is reacted with a single alkylene oxide, a mixture of alkylene oxides or stepwise with the
• reaction mixture Before carrying out the reaction it may be expedient to prepare the reaction mixture by applying a reduced pressure and, if appropriate, application of elevated temperature, for example a temperature of 80 to 150 ° C, e.g. 0.1 to 2 h or 0.5 to 1 h. Furthermore, it may be expedient to render the reaction medium inert by exposure to nitrogen.
• the reaction is usually carried out in the presence of a suitable alkoxylation catalyst, e.g. an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, or a double metal cyanide catalyst suspended in a suitable inert organic solvent, e.g. Tridecanol N, at a temperature ranging from room temperature to about 200 ° C, such as 100 to 180 ° C or 120 to 160 ° C.
• a suitable alkoxylation catalyst e.g. an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, or a double metal cyanide catalyst suspended in a suitable inert organic solvent, e.g. Tridecanol N
• the reaction can be carried out at atmospheric pressure or an overpressure of up to 100 bar, such as. at a pressure in the range of 1 to 50 orl, 5 to 20 or 2 to 10 bar.
• the molar ratio of at least partially hydrogenated farnesol to alkylene oxide can range from 1: 3 to 1: 100, such as 1: 4 to 1:20 or 1: 5 to 1:10.
• the reaction time of the actual alkoxylation can then be in the range of one minute to 20 hours, such as 10 minutes to 5 hours.
• the product can be removed from the reactor.
• the farnesyl alkoxylates according to the invention are used in different “compositions” or “preparations”, these terms being understood in the broadest sense and include preparations in solid form (particles, powders, etc.), semi-solid form (pastes, etc.), liquid form (solutions, emulsions , Suspensions, gels, etc.) and gas-like form (aerosols, etc.) which, with regard to an advantageous effect of the farnesyl alkoxylates, usually contain further components customary for the particular application.
• the aforementioned farnesyl alkoxylates according to the invention can be added according to the invention to washing, rinsing, cleaning and softening compositions.
• inventive fernsylalkoxylate in an amount of 0, 001 to 10 wt .-%, such. in an amount of 0, 01 to 5 wt .-%, or in an amount of 0, 02 to 3 wt .-% or 0, 05 to 2 wt%, based on the total weight of the washing, rinsing, Cleaning or avivage agents.
• other ingredients may be included that further improve the performance and / or aesthetic properties of the washing, rinsing, cleaning and softening agents.
• one or more substances may be present, selected from enzymes, surfactants and the group of builders, complexing agents, bleaching agents, bleach activators, electrolytes, nonaqueous solvents, pH adjusters, fragrances, perfume carriers, fluorescers, dyes, hydrotropes, foam inhibitors, Silicone oils, anti-redeposition agents, dispersants, optical brighteners, grayness inhibitors, anti-shrinkage agents, anti-crease agents, color transfer inhibitors, antimicrobial agents, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, antistatic agents, ironing auxiliaries, repellents and impregnating agents, swelling and lubricating agents and UV absorbers.
• enzymes selected from enzymes, surfactants and the group of builders, complexing agents, bleaching agents, bleach activators, electrolytes, nonaqueous solvents, pH adjusters, fragrances, perfume carriers, fluorescers, dyes, hydrotropes, foam inhibitors, Silicone oils, anti-redeposition agents, dispersants, optical brighteners, grayness inhibitors, anti-
• Complexing agents are, for example, methylglycinediacetic acid (MGDA), ethylenediaminetriacetic acid (EDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), tartaric acid, citric acid, glucuronic acid and glycolic acid, and the salts of these compounds.
• the enzymes are preferably selected from hydrolases such as proteases, esterases, glucosidases, lipases, amylases, cellulases, mannanases, pectate lyases, other glycosyl hydrolases and mixtures of the aforementioned enzymes.
• All of these hydro- lases contribute to the removal of stains such as proteinaceous, fatty or starchy stains and graying in the laundry.
• cellulases and other glycosyl hydrolases may contribute to color retention and to enhancing the softness of the fabric by removing pilling and microfibrils.
• Oxireductases can also be used for bleaching or inhibiting color transfer.
• Particularly suitable are enzymatic agents obtained from bacterial strains or fungi such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Streptomyceus griseus and Humicola insolens.
• Suitable hydrolases are e.g. ⁇ -glucosidases (EC number 3.2.1.20), ⁇ -glucosidases (Ovozyme, EC number 3.2.1.21), amylases (Purastar, Termamyl, Stainzyme, Duramyl), mannanases (Purabrite, Mannastar, Mannaway) and cellulases ( Carezyme, Celluzyme, Endolase, Puradax).
• Suitable amylases include in particular ⁇ -amylases (EC number 3.2.1.1), iso-amylases and pullulanases.
• glycosidases EC number 3.2.1.15
• pectinases EC number 4.2.2.2
• the cellulases used are preferably cellobiohydrolases, endoglucanases and .beta.-glucosidases, which are also cellobiases, or mixtures thereof. Since different cellulase types differ by their CMCase and avicelase activities, the desired activities can be set by targeted mixtures of the cellulases.
• Suitable lipases are esterases, such as Lipex and Lipolase.
• Examples of lipolytic enzymes are also the known cutinases.
• Peroxidases or oxidases have also proved suitable in some cases.
• an enzyme mixture may also be included.
• enzyme mixtures which contain or consist of the following enzymes are preferred: protease and amylase,
• Amylase, cellulase and lipase or lipolytic enzymes
• proteases in the aforementioned mixtures are subtilisin-type proteases (Savinase, etc .; EC No. 3.4.21.62).
• the enzymes may be adsorbed to carriers to protect them from premature decomposition.
• the proportion of the enzymes is preferably 0.1 to 5 wt .-%, particularly preferably 0.15 to 2.5 wt .-%, in particular 0.2 to 2 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the detergent or cleaning composition ,
• anionic, nonionic, cationic and / or amphoteric surfactants can be used, as well as mixtures, e.g. from anionic and nonionic surfactants.
• the total surfactant content on average may be 5 to 60% by weight, such as 15 to 40% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.
• nonionic surfactants used are alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary, alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 C atoms and on average 1 to 20, such as 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol radical is linear or preferred may be methyl branched in the 2-position or may contain linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture, as they are usually present in Oxoalkoholresten.
• alcohol ethoxylates with linear radicals of alcohols of native origin having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example of coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and on average 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol are preferred.
• Preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C 12 -Ci4-alcohols with 3 EO, 7 EO or 4 EO, Ce-Cn-alcohol with 7 EO, C13-C15 alcohols containing 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C 2 -C 8 alcohols containing 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures thereof, such as mixtures of Ci2-Ci4 alcohol containing 3 EO and C12 CI8 alcohol containing 7 EO. Also to be mentioned are the corresponding alkoxylates of Guerbet alcohols, in particular 2-propylheptanol.
• the stated degrees of ethoxylation represent statistical averages, which for a particular product may be an integer or a fractional number.
• alcohol ethoxylates which have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow rank ethoxylates, NRE).
• fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples include tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO or 30 EO.
• Nonionic surfactants containing EO and PO groups together in the molecule can also be used.
• block copolymers with EO-PO block units or PO-EO block units can be used, but also EO-PO-EO copolymers or PO-EO-PO copolymers.
• it is also possible to use mixed alkoxylated nitrous surfactants in which EO and PO units are not distributed in blocks, but randomly. Such products are available by the simultaneous action of ethylene and propylene oxide on fatty alcohols.
• R 1 0 (G) x (1) is used, wherein R 1 is a primary straight-chain or methyl-branched, in particular 2-methyl-branched aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 10 to 18 carbon atoms and G for a glycoside unit with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably glucose.
• the degree of oligomerization x which indicates the distribution of monoglycosides and oligoglycosides, is any number between 1 and 10; preferably x is 1, 2 to 1, 4.
• nonionic surfactants which are used either as the sole nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, in particular fatty acid methyl ester, as described for example in Japanese Patent Application JP 58/217598 or which are preferably prepared according to the method described in International Patent Application WO-A-90/13533.
• Nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallowalkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alkanolamides may also be suitable.
• the amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, especially not more than half thereof.
• surfactants are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula (2),
• R 3 is hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
• [Z] is a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups.
• the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride.
• the group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula
• R 4 is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms
• R 5 is a linear, branched or cyclic alkylene radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms or an arylene radical having 6 to 8 carbon atoms
• R 6 is a linear, branched or is cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical or an oxyalkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, preference being given to C 1 -C 4 -alkyl or phenyl radicals
• [Z] 1 being a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical whose alkyl chain is substituted by at least two hydroxyl groups , or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated derivatives of this group.
• [Z] 1 is preferably obtained by reductive amination of a sugar, for example glucose, fructose, malactose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
• a sugar for example glucose, fructose, malactose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
• the N-alkoxy- or N-aryloxy-substituted compounds can then be converted, for example, according to WO-A-95/07331, by reaction with fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as catalyst into the desired polyhydroxy fatty acid amides.
• the content of nonionic surfactants in the liquid detergents or cleaners is preferably 0 to 30% by weight, preferably 0 to 20% by weight and in particular 2 to 15% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the detergent composition.
• anionic surfactants for example, those of the sulfonate type and sulfates are used.
• Preferred surfactants of the sulfonate type are C 9 -C 13 -alkylbenzenesulfonates, olefinsulfonates, ie mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkanesulfonates and also disulfonates, such as are obtained, for example, from C 12 -C 18 -monoolefins having an end or internal double bond by sulfonation with gaseous sulfur - feltrioxid and subsequent alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the sulfonation receives te, into consideration.
• alkanesulfonates which are obtained from C 12 -alkanes, for example by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation with subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization.
• esters of ⁇ -sulfo fatty acids for example the ⁇ -sulfonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids.
• sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters are to be understood as meaning the mono-, di- and triesters and mixtures thereof, such as those produced by esterification of a monoglycerol with from 1 to 3 mol Fatty acid or in the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 moles of glycerol.
• Preferred sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters are the sulfonation products of saturated fatty acids containing 6 to 22 carbon atoms, for example caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, myristic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or behenic acid.
• Alk (en) ylsulfates are the alkali metal salts and, in particular, the sodium salts of the sulfuric monoesters of C 12-18 fatty alcohols, for example coconut fatty alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the C 10 -C 20 oxo alcohols and those half esters secondary Alcohols of these chain lengths are preferred. Also preferred are alk (en) ylsulfates of said chain length, which contain a synthetic, produced on a petrochemical basis straight-chain alkyl radical, which have an analogous degradation behavior as the adequate compounds based on oleochemical raw materials.
• sulfuric monoesters of ethoxylated with 1 to 6 moles of ethylene oxide straight or branched C7-C2i alcohols such as 2-methyl-branched Cg-Cn alcohols having an average of 3.5 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) or Ci2-Ci8 fatty alcohols with 1 up to 4 EO, are suitable. Due to their high foaming behavior, they are only used in detergents in relatively small amounts, for example in amounts of from 1 to 5% by weight.
• alkylsulfosuccinic acid which are also referred to as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters and the monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and in particular ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
• alcohols preferably fatty alcohols and in particular ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
• Preferred sulfosuccinates contain Ce-Cie fatty alcohol residues or mixtures of these.
• Particularly preferred sulfosuccinates contain a fatty alcohol residue derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
• Sulfosuccinates whose fatty alcohol radicals are derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols having a narrower homolog distribution are again particularly preferred.
• alk (en) ylsuccinic acid having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the Al k (en) yl chain or salts thereof.
• Particularly preferred anionic surfactants are soaps.
• Suitable are saturated and unsaturated fatty acid soaps, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, (hydrogenated) erucic acid and behenic acid and in particular from natural fatty acids, for example coconut, palm kernel, olive oil or tallow fatty acids, derived soap mixtures.
• the anionic surfactants may be in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or triethanolamine.
• the anionic surfactants are preferably present in the form of their sodium or potassium salts, in particular in the form of the sodium salts.
• the content of anionic surfactants is e.g. From 2 to 50% by weight, such as from 3 to 40% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the composition.
• the viscosity of the liquid medium can be measured by conventional standard methods (for example Brookfield LVT-II at 20 rpm and 20 ° C., spindle 3) and is preferably in the range of 100 to 5000 mPas.
• Preferred agents have viscosities from 300 to 4000 mPas, with values between 1000 and 3000 mPas being particularly preferred.
• Suitable builders or builders which may be present in the compositions are, in particular, silicates, aluminum silicates (in particular zeolites) and carbonates, and mixtures of these substances. However, the use of such builders is not preferred.
• electrolytes from the group of inorganic salts a wide number of different salts can be used.
• Preferred cations are the alkali and alkaline earth metals, preferred anions are the halides and sulfates. From a manufacturing point of view, the use of NaCl or MgC in the compositions is preferred.
• the proportion of electrolytes is usually 0.5 to 5 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the composition.
• the agent according to the invention or used for the inventive use can contain at least one solvent.
• Suitable solvents are selected from water, non-aqueous solvents and mixtures thereof.
• Non-aqueous solvents used are preferably nonaqueous organic solvents.
• Preferred non-aqueous organic solvents are those which are completely miscible with water under normal conditions (20 ° C, 1013 mbar).
• the solvent content of the detergent or cleaner composition is preferably from 5 to 95% by weight, more preferably from 10 to 80% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.
• Non-aqueous solvents that can be used are derived, for example, from the group of monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, alkanolamines or glycol ethers, provided they are miscible with water in the given concentration range.
• the solvents are preferably selected from ethanol, n- or i-propanol, butanol, glycol, propane or butanediol, glycerol, diglycol, propyl- or butyldiglycol, hexylene glycol, ethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, ethylene glycol propylene ether, ethylene glycol mono-n butyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, propylene glycol methyl, ethyl or propyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl or ethyl ether, di-isopropylene glycol monomethyl or ethyl ether, methoxy, ethoxy or butoxytriglycol, i-butoxyethoxy-2 propanol, 3-methyl-3-methoxybutanol, propylene glycol t-butyl ether and mixtures of these solvent
• Non-aqueous solvents can be used in amounts of between 0.5 and 15% by weight, but preferably below 12% by weight and in particular below 9% by weight.
• pH adjusters may be indicated.
• Can be used here are all known acids or alkalis, unless their use is not for technical application or environmental reasons or for reasons of consumer protection prohibited.
• the amount of these adjusting agents does not exceed 7% by weight, based on the total weight of the detergent composition.
• dyes In order to improve the aesthetic impression of the agents, they can be dyed with suitable dyes.
• Preferred dyes the selection of which presents no difficulty to the skilled person, possess a high storage stability and insensitivity to the other ingredients of the compositions and to light, as well as no pronounced substantivity towards textile fibers in order not to stain them.
• Suitable foam inhibitors which can be used are, for example, soaps, paraffins or silicone oils, which may optionally be applied to support materials.
• Suitable anti-redeposition agents which are also referred to as "soil repellents" are, for example, nonionic cellulose ethers such as methylcellulose and methylhydroxypropylcellulose with a methoxy group content of 15 to 30% by weight and of hydroxypropyl groups of 1 to 15% by weight, in each case on the nonionic cellulose ether.
• Suitable soil-release polymers are, for example, polyesters of polyethylene oxides with ethylene glycol and / or propylene glycol and aromatic dicarboxylic acids or aromatic and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids; Polyesters of unilaterally end-capped polyethylene oxides with dihydric and / or polyhydric alcohols and dicarboxylic acid, in particular polymers of ethylene terephthalates and / or polyethylene glycol terephthalates or anionically and / or nonionically modified derivatives of these. Especially preferred of these are the sulfonated ones Derivatives of phthalic and terephthalic acid polymers.
• polyesters are known, for example from US 3,557,039, GB-A 1 1 54 730, EP-A 0 185 427, EP-A 0 241 984, EP-A 0 241 985, EP-A 0 272 033 and US-A 5,142,020 .
• Further suitable soil-release polymers are amphiphilic graft copolymers or copolymers of vinyl and / or acrylic esters on polyalkylene oxides (compare US Pat. Nos. 4,746,456, 4,846,995, DE-A 37 1 1 299, 4,904,408, 4,846,994 and 4,849,126) or modified Celluloses such as methylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose or carboxymethylcellulose.
• Optical brighteners may be added to the compositions to eliminate graying and yellowing of the treated fabrics. These substances are absorbed by the fiber and cause lightening and fake bleaching by converting invisible ultraviolet radiation into visible longer wavelength light, emitting the ultraviolet light absorbed from the sunlight as faint bluish fluorescence and the yellowish or yellowed Wash pure white results.
• Suitable compounds are derived, for example, from the substance classes of 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acids (flavonic acids), 4,4'-distyrylbiphenyls, methylumbelliferones, coumarins, dihydroquinolinones, 1,3-diarylpyrazolines, naphthalimides, benzoxazole , Benzisoxazole and benzimidazole systems as well as the heterocyclic-substituted pyrene derivatives.
• the optical brighteners are usually used in amounts of between 0.03 and 0.3 wt .-%, based on the finished composition.
• Dispersants in particular polycarboxylates (for example SOKALANE from BASF SE) are to be mentioned as further suitable additives.
• Grayness inhibitors have the task of keeping the dirt detached from the fiber suspended in the liquor and thus preventing the dirt from being rebuilt.
• Water-soluble colloids of mostly organic nature are suitable for this purpose, for example glue, gelatine, salts of ether sulfonic acids or cellulose or salts of acidic sulfuric acid esters of cellulose or starch.
• water-soluble polyamides containing acidic groups are suitable for this purpose. It is also possible to use soluble starch preparations and starch products other than those mentioned above, for example degraded starch, aldehyde starches, etc. Polyvinylpyrrolidone is also useful.
• cellulose ethers such as carboxymethylcellulose (Na salt), methylcellulose, hydroxyalkylcellulose and mixed ethers such as methylhydroxyethylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose, methylcarboxymethylcellulose and mixtures thereof in amounts of from 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the compositions.
• textile fabrics in particular of rayon, rayon, cotton and their mixtures, can tend to wrinkle because the individual fibers are sensitive to bending, buckling, pressing and crushing transversely to the fiber direction, the Means containing synthetic anti-crease agents.
• the agents may contain antimicrobial agents.
• antimicrobial agents Depending on the antimicrobial spectrum and mechanism of action, a distinction is made between bacteriostatic agents and bactericides, fungistatics and fungicides, germicides, etc.
• Important substances from these groups are, for example, benzalkonium chlorides, alkylarylsulfonates, halophenols and phenolmercuric acetate.
• the agents may contain antioxidants.
• This class of compounds includes, for example, substituted phenols, hydroquinones, pyrocatechols and aromatic amines, as well as organic sulfides, polysulfides, dithiocarbamates, phosphites and phosphonates.
• Increased comfort may result from the additional use of antistatic agents added to the compositions.
• Antistatic agents increase the surface conductivity and thus allow an improved drainage of formed charges.
• External antistatic agents are generally substances with at least one hydrophilic molecule ligand and give a more or less hygro- scopic film on the surfaces.
• surface-active antistatic agents can be subdivided into nitrogen-containing (amines, amides, quaternary ammonium compounds), phosphorus-containing (phosphoric acid esters) and sulfur-containing (alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates) antistatic agents.
• External antistatics are described, for example, in patent applications FR 1, 156,513, GB 873,214 and GB 839,407.
• the lauryl (or stearyl) dimethylbenzylammonium chlorides disclosed herein are useful as antistatics for textile fabrics or as an additive to laundry detergents, with a softening effect being additionally achieved.
• silicone derivatives can be used in the compositions. These additionally improve the rinsing behavior of the agents by their foam-inhibiting properties.
• Preferred silicone derivatives are, for example, polydialkyl or alkylaryl siloxanes in which the alkyl groups have one to five carbon atoms and are completely or partially fluorinated.
• Preferred silicones are polydimethylsiloxanes, which may optionally be derivatized and are then amino-functional or quaternized or have Si-OH, Si-H and / or Si-Cl bonds.
• the vis- Kososticianen the preferred silicones are at 25 ° C in the range between 100 and 100 000 mPas, wherein the silicones in amounts between 0.2 and 5 wt .-%, based on the total agent can be used.
• the agents may also contain UV absorbers which are applied to the treated fabrics and improve the lightfastness of the fibers.
• Compounds having these desired properties include, for example, the non-radiative deactivating compounds and derivatives of benzophenone having substituents in the 2- and / or 4-position.
• substituted benzotriazoles phenyl-substituted acrylates (cinnamic acid derivatives) in the 3-position, optionally with cyano groups in the 2-position, salicylates, organic Ni complexes and natural substances such as umbelliferone and the body's own urocanic acid.
• Liquid agents have no sediment and may be e.g. transparent or at least translucent.
• the aqueous liquid agents have a visible light transmittance of at least 30%, preferably 50%, more preferably 75%, most preferably 90%.
• the thickeners of the invention may be incorporated into opaque detergents or cleaners.
• an aqueous medium may contain dispersed particles whose diameter is 0.01 to 10,000 ⁇ along their greatest spatial extent.
• Particles may be microcapsules as well as granules, compounds and fragrance beads, with microcapsules being preferred.
• microcapsule is understood to mean aggregates which contain at least one solid or liquid core which is enclosed by at least one continuous shell, in particular a shell of polymer (s). These are usually finely dispersed liquid or solid phases coated with film-forming polymers, during the production of which the polymers precipitate on the material to be enveloped after emulsification and coacervation or interfacial polymerization.
• the microscopic capsules can be dried like powder.
• multinuclear aggregates also called microspheres, are known which contain two or more cores distributed in the continuous shell material.
• Mono- or polynuclear microcapsules can also be enclosed by an additional second, third, etc., sheath.
• the shell may consist of natural, semisynthetic or synthetic materials. Natural shell materials are, for example, gum arabic, agar agar, agarose, maltodextrins, alginic acid or its salts, for example sodium or calcium alginate, fats and fatty acids, cetyl alcohol, collagen, chitosan, lecithins, gelatin. albumin, shellac, polysaccharides such as starch or dextran, sucrose and waxes.
• Semisynthetic shell materials include chemically modified celluloses, in particular cellulose esters and ethers, for example cellulose acetate, ethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and carboxymethylcellulose, and also starch derivatives, in particular starch ethers and esters.
• the microcapsules may include, for example, optical brighteners, surfactants, complexing agents, bleaches, bleach activators, dyes and fragrances, antioxidants, builders, enzymes, enzyme stabilizers, antimicrobial agents, graying inhibitors, anti redeposition agents, pH adjusters, electrolytes, foam inhibitors and UV absorbers are located.
• microcapsules may further contain cationic surfactants, vitamins, proteins, preservatives, detergency boosters or pearlescing agents.
• the fillings of the microcapsules may be solids or liquids in the form of solutions or emulsions or suspensions.
• the microcapsules may have any shape in the production-related framework, but they are preferably approximately spherical. Their diameter along their largest spatial extent, depending on the components contained in their interior and the application between 0.01 ⁇ (not visually recognizable as a capsule) and 10 000 ⁇ . Preference is given to visible microcapsules having a diameter in the range from 100 ⁇ m to 7000 ⁇ m, in particular from 400 ⁇ m to 5 000 ⁇ m.
• the microcapsules are accessible by known methods, coacervation and interfacial polymerization being the most important.
• Suitable microcapsules are all surfactant-stable microcapsules available on the market, for example the commercial products (the shell material is indicated in parentheses) Hallcrest microcapsules (gelatin, gum arabic), coletica thalaspheres (marine collagen), lipotec millicapsules (alginic acid, Agar-agar), induchem unispheres (lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose); Unicerin C30 (lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose), Kobo Glycospheres (modified starch, fatty acid esters, phospholipids), Softspheres (modified Agar Agar) and Kuhs Probiol Nanospheres (phospholipids).
• particles which have no core-shell structure but in which the active substance is distributed in a matrix of a matrix-forming material are also referred to as "speckies".
• a preferred matrix-forming material is alginate.
• an aqueous alginate solution which also contains the active ingredient to be enclosed or the active ingredients to be enclosed, is dripped off and then cured in a precipitation bath containing Ca 2+ ions or Al 3+ ions.
• matrix-forming materials can be used instead of alginate.
• matrix-forming materials include polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polymethacrylate, polylysine, poloxamer, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, polyethylene oxide, polyethoxyoxazoline, albumin, gelatin, acacia, chitosan, cellulose, dextran, ficoll®, starch, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropyl pylmethylcellulose, hyaluronic acid, carboxymethylcellulose, deacetylated chitosan, dextran sulfate and derivatives of these materials.
• the matrix formation takes place with these materials, for example via gelation, polyanion-polycation interactions or polyelectrolyte-metal ion interactions.
• the production of particles with these matrix-forming materials is known per se.
• the particles can be stably dispersed in the aqueous liquid detergent or cleaner.
• Stable means that the compositions are stable at room temperature and at 40 ° C. for a period of at least 4 weeks, and preferably of at least 6 weeks, without the medium creaming or sedimenting. Due to the increase in viscosity, the thickeners according to the invention bring about a kinetic slowing down of the sedimentation of the particles and thus their stabilization in the suspended state.
• the release of the active ingredients from the microcapsules or speckles is usually carried out during the application of the agents containing them by destruction of the shell or the matrix due to mechanical, thermal, chemical or enzymatic action.
• the compositions according to the invention can be used for cleaning textile surface fabrics and / or hard surfaces.
• Detergents of the invention may be in the form of a hand or machine dishwashing detergent, general-purpose cleaners for non-textile surfaces, e.g. made of metal, lacquered wood or plastic, or cleaning agents for ceramic products, such as porcelain, tiles, tiles.
• the detergents or cleaners according to the invention are preferably in the form of a liquid laundry detergent. These can be formulated solid, liquid or pasty.
• Preparations according to the invention may also be cosmetic preparations which, in their composition, contain washing, rinsing, cleaning and finishing agents. differ according to the preceding description. This applies in particular to non-surfactant cosmetic preparations.
• surfactant-containing cosmetic preparations are also included according to the invention.
• these cosmetic agents contain farnesyl alkoxylates in an amount of 0.001 to 10 wt .-%, preferably in an amount of 0, 01 to 5 wt .-%, such as in an amount of 0, 02 to 3 or in one Amount from 0, 05 to 2 wt .-%, each based on the cosmetic product.
• the cosmetic agents are aqueous preparations which optionally contain surfactants or surface-active agents and which are particularly suitable for the treatment of keratin fibers, in particular human hair, or for the treatment of human skin.
• the surface-active (surfactant) active ingredients or washing active ingredients predominantly fatty alcohol polyglycol ether sulfates (ether sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates) are used, in part in combination with other, usually anionic surfactants.
• Shampoo surfactants should have a good cleansing power and resistance to water hardness skin and mucous membrane compatibility. According to the legal regulations a good biodegradability should be given.
• the agents may additionally contain other surfactants, such as alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether carboxylates, preferably with degrees of ethoxylation of from 4 to 10, and surfactant protein-fatty acid condensates.
• Sulphosuccinic acid esters amidopropylbetaines, amphoacetates and amphodiacetates, as well as alkyl polyglycosides, are also preferred surfactants in hair shampoos.
• quaternary ammonium compounds are added. For a colored, brilliant appearance, dyes or pearlescent pigments are added.
• a pH stability is achieved by buffer z. B. based on citrate, lactate or phosphate. To ensure sufficient shelf life and shelf life, preservatives such.
• a third group of ingredients form special ingredients for special shampoos, eg. As oils, herbal extracts, proteins, vitamins and lecithins in shampoos for fast-greasy, especially dry, damaged or damaged hair.
• Active substances in shampoos for controlling dandruff usually have a broad growth-inhibiting effect against fungi and bacteria.
• the fungistatic properties z. B. of pyrithione salts could be detected as the cause of good anti-dandruff action.
• the hair shampoos contain perfume oils and / or perfumes. In this case, all the usual, and approved in hair shampoos fragrances can be used.
• the aim of hair care products is to preserve the natural state of the newly regrown hair for as long as possible and to restore it when damaged. Characteristics that characterize this natural state are silky shine, low porosity, tension-rich yet soft body and pleasantly smooth feeling. An important prerequisite for this is a clean, dandruff-free and not over-greasy scalp.
• pre-treatment means hair lotions, Frisieryskar, hair rinses and Kurpackungen, and their composition as with the shampooing agents roughly into basic materials, auxiliary materials and special active substances is divided.
• the basic substances used are fatty alcohols, in particular cetyl alcohol (1-hexadecanol) and stearyl alcohol (1-octadecanol), waxes such as beeswax, wool wax (lanolin), spermaceti and synthetic waxes, paraffins, petrolatum, paraffinol and especially ethanol as solvent, 2 -Propanol and water.
• Excipients are emulsifiers, thickeners, preservatives, antioxidants, dyes and perfume oils.
• the most important group of special active ingredients in hair care products today are the quaternary ammonium compounds.
• quaternary cellulose ether derivatives or poly (N, N-dimethyl-3,4-methylene-pyrrolidinium chloride) quaternary cellulose ether derivatives or poly (N, N-dimethyl-3,4-methylene-pyrrolidinium chloride).
• Their effect in hair care products is based on the fact that the positive charge of the nitrogen atoms of this compound can be attached to the negative charges of hair keratin; Damaged hair contains more negatively charged acid groups due to its higher cysteic acid content and can therefore absorb more quaternary ammonium compounds.
• cationic care substances because of their cationic character also known as "cationic care substances", have a smoothing effect on the hair, improve combability, reduce electrostatic charge, improve grip and shine, and the polymeric quaternary ammonium compounds adhere so well to the hair that their hair does Effect can be detected even after several washings
• Organic acids such as citric acid, tartaric acid or lactic acid are often used to set an acidic environment.
• the water-soluble protein hydrolysates attract well on the hair keratin because of their close chemical relationship.
• the largest group of special active ingredients in hair care products are diverse plant extracts and vegetable oils, which have been used for a long time, without their effectiveness being scientifically proven in all cases. Likewise, the effectiveness of vitamins used in hair care products is only proven in isolated cases.
• hair lotions contain substances such as certain tar constituents, cysteic acid derivatives or glycyrrhizin; the intended reduction in sebaceous gland production is also not yet clearly established.
• the effectiveness of anti-dandruff agents is well documented. They are therefore used in appropriate hair lotions and other care products.
• aqueous preparations for the treatment of skin are, in particular, preparations for the care of human skin. This care begins with the cleansing for which soaps are primarily used. Here one distinguishes solid, mostly lumpy and liquid soap. Accordingly, in a preferred embodiment, the cosmetic preparations are in the form of shaped bodies which contain surface-active (surface-active) ingredients.
• the alkali metal salts of the fatty acids of natural oils and fats preferably with chains of 12 to 18 carbon atoms. Since lauric acid soaps foam particularly well, the lauric acid-rich coconut and palm kernel oils are preferred raw materials for the production of fine soap.
• the Na salts of the fatty acid mixtures are solid, the K salts soft-pasty.
• the dilute soda or potash liquor is added to the fat raw materials in a stoichiometric ratio so that an excess of caustic solution of max. 0, 05% is present. In many cases, the soaps are no longer produced directly from the fats, but from the fatty acids obtained by lipolysis.
• Typical soap additives are fatty acids, fatty alcohols, lanolin, lecithin, vegetable oils, partial glycerides and other fat-like substances for moisturizing the cleansed skin, antioxidants such as ascorbyl palmitate or tocopherol for preventing the autoxidation of the soap (rancidity), complexing agents such as nitrilotriacetate for binding Heavy metal traces that could catalyze autoxidative spoilage, perfume oils to obtain the desired scents, dyes to color the soap bars, and possibly special additives.
• chamomile extracts at best very poorly perfumed; - Skin protection soaps with high levels of moisturizing substances and other nourishing and protective additives, such as. Proteins; Transparent soaps with additions of glycerine, sugars and others, which prevent the crystallization of the fatty acid salts in the solidified soap melt and thus produce a transparent appearance; - Floating soaps with density ⁇ 1, caused by controlled air bubbles during manufacture. Soaps can also be provided with abrasive additives to clean heavily soiled hands. When washing with soap, the pH in the wash liquor is from 8 to 10. This alkalinity neutralises the natural acid mantle of the skin (pH 5 to 6).
• soaps are not present in syndet soaps. It is based on synthetic anionic surfactants that can be processed into scaffolding substances, refills and other additives to soap-like pieces. Their pH can be varied within wide limits and is usually adjusted to pH 5 or 5, adjusted to neutral pH 7 or the acid mantle of the skin. They have excellent cleaning power, foam in any water hardness, even in seawater, the proportion of lubricating additives must be significantly higher than normal soaps because of their intensive cleaning and degreasing effect. Their disadvantage is the relatively high price.
• Liquid soaps are based on both K-salts of natural fatty acids and on synthetic anionic surfactants. In aqueous solution, they contain less detergent substances than solid soaps, have the customary additives, if appropriate with viscosity-regulating constituents and pearlescing additives. Because of their convenient and hygienic application from dispensers, they are preferably used in public washrooms and the like.
• Detergent lotions for particularly sensitive skin are based on mild-acting synthetic surfactants with additives of skin-care substances, pH neutral or slightly acidic (pH 5, 5).
• Face packs serve z. T. the cleaning, but mainly the refreshment and care of the facial skin.
• Facial waters are mostly aqueous-alcoholic solutions with low surfactant levels and other skin-care substances.
• Cleansing lotions, milks, creams and pastes are mostly based on O / W emulsions with relatively low levels Maintained on fat components with cleansing and nourishing additives.
• So-called Scruffing and exfoliating preparations contain mildly keratolytic substances for the removal of the upper dead skin-horn layers, eg. T. with additives of abrasive powders.
• Almond bran which has long been used as a mild skin cleanser, is still a component of such preparations today.
• Anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory agents are also included in cleansing skin cleansing products as the sebum collections in comedones are a breeding ground for bacterial infections and prone to inflammation.
• the wide range of skin cleansing products on offer varies in composition and content of various active ingredients, adapted to the different skin types and to specific treatment goals.
• Bath salts and bath tablets are intended to soften, color and perfume the bath water and generally do not contain any washing-active substances. By softening the bath water, they promote the cleansing power of soaps, but are primarily intended to have a refreshing effect and enhance the bathing experience. Of greater importance are the bubble baths. With a higher content of moisturizing and skin-caring substances one speaks also of cream baths.
• the following skincare has two main goals: Firstly, it is the skin in the wash uncontrolled withdrawn ingredients such as horny cells, lipids, acidifier and water in the natural state of equilibrium back, on the other hand, the natural aging process of the skin and the possible damage Counteract as much as possible by weather and environmental influences.
• Skin care and skin protection products are available in large numbers and in many forms of preparation. The most important are skin creams, lotions, oils and skin gels.
• the creams and lotions are based on emulsions in O / W (oil in water) or W / O (water in oil) form. The main components of the oil or.
• Fat or lipid phase are fatty alcohols, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, waxes, Vaseline, paraffins and other fat and oil components mainly of natural origin.
• aqueous phase besides water, mainly moisturizing and moisture-retaining substances are contained as essential skin-care active substances, furthermore consistency-regulating or viscosity-regulating agents.
• Other additives such as preservatives, antioxidants, complexing agents, perfume oils, colorants and special agents are added depending on their solubility and their stability properties of one of the two aforementioned phases.
• Essential for the emulsion type and its properties is the selection of the emulsifier system. Its selection can be made according to the HLB system.
• the creams or lotions can be divided into day creams and night creams.
• Day creams are usually prepared as O / W emulsions. builds, they quickly penetrate the skin without leaving a greasy finish; one calls it therefore z. T. also as dry creams, matte creams or Vanishing- Creams.
• Night creams are mostly W / O emulsions, they are absorbed by the skin more slowly and often contain special ingredients that are supposed to cause a regeneration of the skin during the night. Some of these preparations are also referred to as nutritional creams, although a diet of cell metabolism in the skin can only be done through the bloodstream; The term nutrient cream is therefore controversial.
• So-called cold creams are mixed emulsions of the O / W and W / O type, with the oil phase predominating in terms of quantity.
• the z. T. only unstable emulsified water released and produced by evaporation a cooling effect, which gave this preparation form its name.
• Skin oils are one of the oldest product forms of skin care and are still used today.
• Basis are non-drying vegetable oils such as almond oil or olive oil, with additions of natural vitamin oils such as wheat germ oil or avocado oil and oily plant extracts of z. B. St. John's wort, chamomile u. ä.
• Foot baths are said to have a good cleansing, refreshing, circulation-promoting and invigorating effect as well as deodorising and softening the cornea.
• Foot bath additives are available as bath salts and bubble baths. They exist z.
• Foot powders should be used after foot washing and / or interspersed with stockings and shoes, skin-smoothing, cooling, moisturizing, antiperspirant, antiseptic, deodorising and possibly softening the cornea. They usually consist of 85% talcum with additions of silica powder, aluminum hydroxychloride, salicylic acid and optionally bactericides, fungicides, deodorants and fragrances. Foot creams or foot balms are used for skin care as well as for massaging the muscles of the foot and lower leg. Foot creams are usually O / W emulsions from z. B.
• a frame formulation consists of 25% paraffin, 2% stearic acid, 2% beeswax, 2% spermaceti, 2% glycerol monostearate, 0.5% 2, 2 ', 2 "-nitrilotriethanol, 1% perfume oil, 0.2% 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and 65% Nail wrinkle tinctures are used to soften keratinization in the nail folds and to soften the nail edges on ingrowing toenails, mainly on the big toes,
• a frame formulation is 10% 2, 2 ', 2 "nitrilotriethanol, 15% urea, 0, 5% Fettalkoholpolyglykolether and 74, 5% water built up
• preferred cosmetic means are means for influencing the body odor.
• deodorants are meant here. Such deodorants can cover, remove or destroy odors. Unpleasant body odors are caused by bacterial decomposition of sweat, especially in the moist, warm armpits, where microorganisms find good living conditions. Accordingly, the most important ingredients of deodorants are germ-inhibiting substances. In particular, those germ-inhibiting substances are preferred which have a substantial selective activity against the bacteria responsible for the body odor. However, preferred active ingredients merely have a bacteriostatic effect and in no way completely kill the bacterial flora. In general, all suitable preservatives with specific action against Gram-positive bacteria can be directed to the antimicrobial agent.
• fragrances with antimicrobial properties are preferably used in deodorants, in particular farnesol and phenoxyethanol are mentioned here.Furthermore, it is particularly preferred if the deodorants according to the invention are those themselves contain bacteriostatically effective fragrances.
• the fragrances may preferably be in the form of fragrance alcohol alkoxylates.
• antibacterial fragrances are used together with fragrance alcohol alkoxylates and are thus present in mixtures with other fragrances.
• Another group of key ingredients of deodorants are enzyme inhibitors that inhibit the decomposition of sweat by enzymes, such as citric acid diethyl ester or zinc glycinate.
• Essential ingredients of deodorants are also antioxidants that are designed to prevent oxidation of the sweat components.
• the cosmetic agent is a hair setting agent which contains polymers for strengthening. It is particularly preferred if among the polymers at least one polyurethane is included.
• the can. agents according to the invention in a preferred embodiment, water-soluble polymers from the group of nonionic, anionic, amphoteric and zwitterionic polymers.
• Water-soluble polymers are to be understood as meaning those polymers which are more than 2.5% by weight soluble in water at room temperature.
• Water-soluble polymers preferred according to the invention are nonionic. Suitable nonionic polymers are, for example: polyvinylpyrrolidones, such as those sold, for example, under the name Luviskol R (BASF). Polyvinylpyrrolidones are preferred nonionic polymers within the scope of the invention.
• BASF Luviskol R
• Vinylpyrrolidone / vinyl ester copolymers for example as sold under the trademark Luviskol R (BASF).
• Luviskol R VA 64 and Luviskol® VA 73, each vinylpyrrolidone / vinyl acetate copolymers, are particularly preferred nonionic polymers.
• Cellulose ethers such as hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose and methylhydroxypropylcellulose, as marketed, for example, under the trademarks Culminal R and Bencel R (AQUALON).
• amphoteric polymers examples include the octyl acrylamide / methyl methacrylate available under the names Amomer R and Amphomer R LV-71 (DELFT NATIONAL). Butylaminoethyl methacrylate 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate-copolymers.
• Suitable zwitterionic polymers are, for example, the polymers disclosed in German patent applications DE 39 29 973, DE 21 50 557, DE 28 17 369 and DE 37 08 451. Acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride / acrylic acid or methacrylic acid copolymers and their alkali metal and ammonium salts are preferred zwitterionic polymers.
• Further suitable zwitterionic polymers are methacroylethylbetaine / methacrylate copolymers, which are commercially available under the name Amersette® (AMERCHOL).
• suitable anionic polymers are u. a .:
• Vinyl acetate crotonic acid copolymers such as, for example, under the names Resyn R (NATIONAL STARCH), Luviset R (BASF) and Gafset R (GAF) are commercially available.
• Vinylpyrrolidone A / inyl acrylate copolymers available, for example, under the trademark Luviflex R (BASF).
• a preferred polymer is the vinylpyrrolidone / acrylate terpolymer available under the name Luviflex R VBM-35 (BASF).
• the hair treatment compositions according to the invention contain water-soluble polymers, depending on the type of hair treatment agent, which is not restricted, preferably in amounts of 0.01 to 20 wt .-%, in particular 0, 1 to 10% by weight, based on the total agent.
• the polyurethanes and the water-soluble polymers are preferably present in a ratio of 1:10 to 10: 1 in the inventive compositions.
• a ratio of 2: 1 to 1: 1 has proven to be particularly suitable in many cases.
• the hair-setting corrugations according to the invention are in particular hair-setting agents, hair sprays and hair-drying waves.
• Hairsprays are a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention Haarfesttegemittet.
• the agents according to the invention can furthermore, in a likewise preferred embodiment, also be formulated as foam aerosol with the aid of a propellant.
• the preparations according to the invention which comprise one or more alkoxylated fragrance alcohols show an optimized fragrance impression on account of the content of the alkoxylated fragrance alcohols.
• the alkoxylated fragrance alcohols prepared in the manner described in this application are distilled prior to addition to the preparation and thus freed from the fragrant fragrance alcohol (the alkoxylated fragrant alcohol was almost odorless before addition)
• the alkoxylated fragrance alcohols an already characterizing the preparation fragrance, which persists for a long time and thus survive a longer storage or transport time of the (optionally surfactant) preparation.
• the fragrance is also well transferred to the object to be treated and adheres there reliably; it is released over a longer period of time and thus leads reliably to the desired fragrance. This can be described as surprising both for detergents and cleaners and for cosmetic preparations.
• Fragrances are added in particular surfactant-containing preparations in order to improve the aesthetic overall impression of the products and to provide the consumer in addition to the technical performance (washing, rinsing, cleaning) a sensory typical and distinctive product available.
• in addition to the alkoxylated fragrance alcohols it is possible to add to the surfactant-containing preparations one or more further components leaving an aroma impression.
• perfume oils or perfumes individual perfume compounds can be used, for example the synthetic products of the ester type, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and hydrocarbons.
• Fragrance compounds of the ester type are, for example, benzyl acetate, phenoxyethyl isobutyrate, p-t-butylcyclohexyl acetate, linalyl acetate, dimethylbenzylcarbinyl acetate, phenylethyl acetate, linalyl benzoate, benzylformate, ethylmethylphenylglycinate, allylcyclohexylpropionate, styrallylpropionate, cyclohexylsalicylate, benzylsalicylate, floramate, melusate and jasmacyclate.
• esters of fragrance alcohols with inorganic acids or organic acids as disclosed in the aforementioned prior art.
• Ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ether and ambroxan.
• the aldehydes include z.
• the ketones include the ionones, alpha-isomethylionone, and methyl cedryl ketone.
• the alcohols include anethole, citronellol, eugenol, geraniol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol and terpineol.
• the hydrocarbons mainly include terpenes such as limonene and pinene. Preference is given to using mixtures of different fragrances which are coordinated with one another in such a way that together they produce an attractive fragrance note.
• perfume oils may also contain natural fragrance mixtures as are available from plant sources.
• extracts of flowers (lily, lavender, lime blossom, orange blossom, chamomile, roses, jasmine, neroli, ylang-ylang), stems and leaves (geranium, patchouli, petitgrain, sage, lemon balm, mint, cinnamon leaves), Fruits (aniseed, coriander, caraway, nutmeg, cloves, juniper), fruit peel (bergamot, lemon, oranges), roots (mace, angelica, celery, cardamom, costus, iris, calmus, vetiver), wood (pine, sandalwood) , Guajac, cedar, rosewood), herbs and grasses (tarragon, lemongrass, sage, thyme), needles and twigs (spruce, fir, pine, pines), resins and balsams (galbanum, elemi, benzoin, myrrh, Olibanum, Opoponax, Labdanum). Furthermore, animal raw materials come into
• fragrances in the range up to 2 wt .-% of the total preparation.
• these can be incorporated directly into the detergent preparations; but it may also be advantageous to apply the fragrances on carriers that enhance the adhesion of the perfume on the laundry and provide by a slower release of fragrance for long-lasting fragrance of the textiles.
• carrier materials for example, cyclodextrins have been proven.
• the cyclodextrin-perfume complexes can additionally be coated with other auxiliaries.
• farnesyl alkoxylates are papermaking.
• the fiber-containing mixtures used for this purpose generally aqueous suspensions of fibrous materials, which may also partly originate from the waste paper pulp
• one or more of the farnesyl alkoxylates according to the invention are usually present in an amount of 0.001 to 5% by weight, such as e.g. in an amount of 0, 01 to 4 wt .-%, or in an amount of 0, 02 to 3 wt .-% or 0, 05 to 2 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the mass contained, or be this added by the papermaking.
• An essential component of such pulp compositions is usually a chemical pulp, ie pulp, which has been obtained by chemical pulping of a lignocellulosic material such as wood.
• chemical pulp ie pulp
• lignocellulosic material such as wood.
• these include, for example, sulfate pulp, sulfite pulp and / or soda pulps, wherein the pulp may be unbleached or bleached.
• bleached pulps bleached or bleached are used in particular low-chlorine or chlorine-free pulps, such as ECF pulp and TCF pulp, used. Preference is given to unbleached pulp.
• pulp from annual crops such as pulp based on rice, wheat, sugar cane (bark), bamboo or kenaf.
• the level of chemical pulp in the pulp composition is in the range of 10 to 80 weight percent, often in the range of 20 to 70 weight percent, based on total pulp in the pulp composition. Partly this can also be replaced by other fibers, such as recycled paper pulp.
• customary additives are the additives customary in paper production for improving or modifying the paper properties, such as fillers, sizing agents, wet and dry strength agents, antiblocking agents, flame retardants, antistatic agents, water repellents, dyes and optical brighteners, and process chemicals, such as retention, Flocculants and dehydrating agents, fixatives, slimicides, wetting agents, defoamers, biocides and the like.
• wet strength agents are the polyamides commonly used for this purpose, epichlorohydrin resins, melamine-formaldehyde resins and cationic glyoxylated polyacrylamides.
• dry strength agents examples include native starches, starch derivatives, dextranes, cationized starch, cationically glyoxylated polyacrylamides, polyvinylamines, cationic, anionic or amphoteric polyacrylamides and mixtures thereof with inorganic dry strength agents.
• sizing agents are resin glues, casein and comparable proteins, starch, polymer dispersions, reactive sizing agents, in particular alkyldiketenes and alkylsuccinic anhydrides.
• suitable fillers are, in particular, calcium carbonate, such as chalk, kaolin, titanium dioxide, gypsum, precipitated calcium carbonate, talc, silicates.
• typical retention aids are aluminum sulfate and polyaluminum chlorite.
• Microparticle systems of high molecular weight polyacrylamides and bentonite or colloidal silica can also be used as retention aids.
• As a retention Onsmittel can be further combinations of microparticle systems of high molecular weight polyacrylamides and bentonite or colloidal silica with an anionic organic polymer, in particular anionic, optionally crosslinked polyacrylamides use.
• As retention agents based on microparticle systems of this type it is known, for example, from EP 462365, WO 02/33171, WO 01/34908 or WO 01/34910.
• ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylaminopropylacrylamide Use ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylaminopropylacrylamide.
• Further retention aids are microparticle systems of high molecular weight polyvinylamines and anionic, cationic or amphoteric, crosslinked polyacrylamides, as are known, for example, from US 2003/0192664 A1.
• customary flocculants and dehydrating agents are polyethyleneimines, polyamines having molar masses of more than 50,000, polyamidoamines, which may optionally be prepared by grafting with ethyleneimine and subsequent crosslinking with z. B.
• Examples of conventional fixing agents are: aluminum sulfate, polyaluminum chlorites, as well as the customary for this purpose cationic polymers, eg. Cationic polyacrylamides, polyethylenimines, polyvinylamines, polyimidazolines, polyimidazoles, polyamines, dicyandiamide resins, poly-DADMAC, Mannich products and Hofmann products.
• cationic polymers eg. Cationic polyacrylamides, polyethylenimines, polyvinylamines, polyimidazolines, polyimidazoles, polyamines, dicyandiamide resins, poly-DADMAC, Mannich products and Hofmann products.
• the type and amount of the process chemicals and the fillers depends in a manner known per se on the requirements of the paper machine and the desired type of paper.
• the pulp suspension is dewatered in a paper machine to form paper or cardboard. If appropriate, it is possible to dilute with water (so-called thin material) before introducing the pulp suspension.
• the addition of the process chemicals can take place both before dilution and after dilution.
• the pulp is dewatered in a conventional manner to form a sheet.
• the dewatering is typically carried out in a paper machine in which the usual steps of paper formation are carried out, ie sheet formation in the wire section, compaction to remove the bulk of water in the press section, drying in the dryer section, calendering and calendering possibly supercalendering.
• the dryer section may also comprise a size press in which the paper is treated with a low viscosity size liquor for surface hardening.
• the paper machine can also include a coating unit, in which the paper is coated with a coating color.
• Writing papers ie filled and fully sized papers with smoothed surfaces, typically having a basis weight in the range of 30 to 80 g / m 2 and a filler content in the range of 5 to 30% by weight and whose surfaces are usually painted ;
• Printed papers ie papers which are uncoated or coated and suitable for printing, which typically have a basis weight in the range from 40 to 150 g / m 2 and have a filler content of up to 20% by weight;
• Newsprint papers which typically have a basis weight in the range of 38 to 50 g / m 2 and may have a filler content in the range of up to 18% by weight;
• Packaging papers which typically have a basis weight in the range of 70 to 250 g / m 2 and have a filler content of up to 15% by weight;
• Cardboard or solid board which typically have a basis weight in the range of 250 to 1000 g / m 2 and may have a filler content of up to 15 wt .-%;
• the aforementioned farnesyl alkoxylates according to the invention can also be used according to the invention as fuel additives individually or in admixture with other fuel additives (in the form of a so-called additive package).
• the fuel additized with the farnesyl alkoxylate according to the invention is a gasoline or a middle distillate fuel, especially a diesel fuel.
• the compounds of the invention are usually used in amounts of 0.00001 to 10 wt .-% or 0.0001 to 5 wt .-% or 0.001 to 2 wt .-% or 0.01 to 1 wt .-% based on the total weight of the additized fuel used.
• the fuel may contain other conventional additives.
• suitable co-additives are listed in the following section:
• the usual detergent additives are preferably amphiphilic substances which have at least one hydrophobic hydrocarbon radical with a number-average molecular weight (M n ) of from 85 to 20 000 and at least one polar group selected from:
• polyoxy-C 2 to C 4 alkylene moieties terminated by hydroxyl groups, mono- or polyamino groups, wherein at least one nitrogen atom has basic properties, or terminated by carbamate groups;
• carboxylic acid ester groups (h) succinic anhydride-derived moieties having hydroxy and / or amino and / or amido and / or imido groups; and or
• the hydrophobic hydrocarbon residue in the above detergent additives which provides sufficient solubility in the fuel, has a number average molecular weight (M n ) of from 85 to 20,000, preferably from 13 to 10,000, more preferably from 300 to 5,000, more preferable from 300 to 3,000, more preferably from 500 to 2,500 and especially from 700 to 2,500, especially from 800 to 1500.
• M n number average molecular weight
• a typical hydrophobic hydrocarbon radical are in particular polypropenyl, polybutenyl and polyisobutenyl having a number average molecular weight M n of preferably from 300 to 5,000 , more preferably from 300 to 3,000, more preferably from 500 to 2,500 even more preferably from 700 to 2,500 and especially from 800 to 1,500.
• Such additives based on highly reactive polyisobutene, which from the polyisobutene, the up to 20 wt .-% n Can be prepared by hydroformylation and reductive amination with ammonia, monoamines or polyamines such as dimethylaminopropylamine, ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine or tetraethyl-enpentamine are known in particular from EP-A 244 616 known.
• Further special monoamino groups (a) containing additives are the compounds obtainable from polyisobutene epoxides by reaction with amines and subsequent dehydration and reduction of the amino alcohols, as described in particular in DE-A 196 20 262.
• these reaction products are mixtures of pure nitropolyisobutenes (eg ⁇ , ⁇ -dinitropolyisobutene) and mixed hydroxynitropolyisobutenes (eg ⁇ -nitro- ⁇ -hydroxypolyisobutene).
• Carboxyl groups or their alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts (d) containing additives are preferably copolymers of C2 to C4o-olefins with maleic anhydride having a total molecular weight of 500 to 20,000, the carboxyl groups wholly or partially to the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts and a remainder of the Carboxyl groups are reacted with alcohols or amines.
• Such additives are known in particular from EP-A 307 815.
• Such additives are primarily used to prevent valve seat wear and, as described in WO-A 87/01 126, can be advantageously used in combination with conventional fuel detergents such as poly (iso) buteneamines or polyetheramines.
• Sulfonic acid groups or their alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts (e) containing additives are preferably alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of a Sulfobern- steinklaklalesters, as described in particular in EP-A 639 632.
• Such additives serve primarily to prevent valve seat wear and can be advantageously used in combination with conventional fuel detergents such as poly (iso) buteneamines or polyetheramines.
• Polyoxy-C2-C4-alkylene (f) containing additives are preferably lyether or polyetheramines, which by reaction of C2 to C6o-alkanols, C6 to C3o-alkanediols, mono- or D1-C2 to C3o-alkylamines, C 1 -C 30 -alkylcyclohexanols or C 1 -C 30 -alkylphenols with 1 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide and / or butylene oxide per hydroxyl group or amino group and, in the case of Polyetheramines, by subsequent reductive amination with ammonia, monoamines or polyamines are available.
• Such products are described in particular in EP-A 310 875, EP-A 356 725, EP-A 700 985 and US-A 4,877,416.
• polyethers such products also meet carrier oil properties. Typical examples of these are tridecanol or Isotridecanolbutoxylate, isononylphenol butoxylates and Polyisobutenolbutoxylate and propoxylates and the corresponding reaction products with ammonia.
• Carboxyl ester groups (g) containing additives are preferably esters of mono-, di- or tricarboxylic acids with long-chain alkanols or polyols, especially those having a minimum viscosity of 2 mm 2 / s at 100 ° C, as described in particular in DE-A 38 38 918 are described.
• mono-, di- or tricarboxylic acids it is possible to use aliphatic or aromatic acids, especially suitable ester alcohols or polyols are long-chain representatives having, for example, 6 to 24 C atoms.
• esters are adipates, phthalates, isophthalates, terephthalates and trimellitates of iso-octanol, iso-nonanol, iso-decanol and of isotridecanol. Such products also meet carrier oil properties.
• the groupings having hydroxyl and / or amino and / or amido and / or imido groups are, for example, carboxylic acid groups, acid amides of monoamines, acid amides of di- or polyamines which, in addition to the amide function, still have free amine groups, succinic acid derivatives with an acid and an amide function, carboximides with monoamines, carboximides with di- or polyamines which, in addition to the imide function, still have free amine groups, or diimides which are formed by reacting di- or polyamines with two succinic acid derivatives.
• the further detergent additive according to the present invention is used only up to a maximum of 100% of the amount by weight of compounds having betaine structure.
• Such fuel additives are well known and described, for example, in documents (1) and (2). Preference is given to the reaction products of alkyl- or alkenyl-substituted succinic acids or derivatives thereof with amines and particularly preferably to the reaction products of polyisobutenyl-substituted succinic acids or derivatives thereof with amines.
• reaction products with aliphatic polyamines polyalkyleneimines
• ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine and hexaethyleneheptamine which have an imide structure.
• aldehydes and mono- or polyamines generated groupings (i) containing additives are preferably reaction products of polyisobutene-substituted phenols with formaldehyde and mono- or polyamines such as ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine or dimethylaminopropylamine.
• One or more of said detergent additives may be added to the fuel in such an amount that the dosage rate of these detergent additives is preferably from 25 to 2500 ppm by weight, in particular from 75 to 1500 ppm by weight, especially from 150 to 1000% by weight . ppm.
• Co-used carrier oils may be mineral or synthetic.
• Suitable mineral carrier oils are fractions obtained in petroleum processing, such as bright stock or base oils with viscosities such as from class SN 500 to 2000, but also aromatic hydrocarbons, paraffinic hydrocarbons and alkoxyalkanols. It is also useful as a "hydrocrack oil” known and obtained in the refining of mineral oil fraction (Vakuumdestillatites with a boiling range of about 360 to 500 ° C, available from high pressure catalytically hydrogenated and isomerized and dewaxed natural mineral oil). Also suitable are mixtures of the abovementioned mineral carrier oils.
• suitable synthetic carrier oils are polyolefins (polyalphaolefins or polyinternalolefins), (poly) esters, poly) alkoxylates, polyethers, aliphatic polyetheramines, alkylphenol-initiated polyethers, alkylphenol-initiated polyetheramines and carboxylic acid esters of long-chain alkanols.
• suitable polyethers or polyetheramines are preferably compounds containing polyoxy-C 2 - to C 4 -alkylene groups, which are prepared by reacting C 2 - to C 6 -alkanols, C 6 - to C 3 -oxanediols, mono- or C 1 - to C 20 -alkylamines, C 1 to C 30 -alkylcyclohexanols or C 1 to C 30 -alkylphenols having from 1 to 30 mol of ethyl enoxid and / or propylene oxide and / or butylene oxide per hydroxyl group or amino group and, in the case of the polyether amines, by subsequent reductive amination with ammonia, monoamines or polyamines are available.
• P0IV-C2 to C6 alkylene oxide amines or functional derivatives thereof may be used as the polyether amines.
• these are tridecanol or Isotridecanolbutoxylate, Isononylphenolbutoxylate and Polyisobutenolbutoxylate and propoxylates and the corresponding reaction products with ammonia.
• carboxylic acid esters of long-chain alkanols are in particular esters of mono-, di- or tricarboxylic acids with long-chain alkanols or polyols, as described in particular in DE-A 38 38 918.
• mono-, di- or tricarboxylic acids it is possible to use aliphatic or aromatic acids, especially suitable ester alcohols or polyols are long-chain representatives having, for example, 6 to 24 carbon atoms.
• suitable representatives of the esters are adipates, phthalates, isophthalates, terephthalates and trimellitates of isooctanol, isononanol, isodecanol and of isotridecanol, eg. B.
• di- (n- or isotridecyl) phthalate di- (n- or isotridecyl) phthalate.
• suitable carrier oil systems are described, for example, in DE-A 38 26 608, DE-A 41 42 241, DE-A 43 09 074, EP-A 452 328 and EP-A 548 617.
• particularly suitable synthetic carrier oils are alcohol-started polyethers having from about 5 to 35, preferably about 5 to 30, particularly preferably 10 to 30 and in particular 15 to 30 C3 to C6 alkylene oxide units, for.
• suitable starter alcohols are long-chain alkanols or long-chain alkyl-substituted phenols, where the long-chain alkyl radical is, in particular, a straight-chain or branched C 6 - to C 18 -alkyl radical.
• Specific examples include tridecanol and nonylphenol.
• Particularly preferred alcohol-started polyethers are the reaction products (polyetherification products) of monohydric C6- to Cis-aliphatic alcohols with C3- to C6-alkylene oxides.
• monohydric C6-C18 aliphatic alcohols are hexanol, heptanol, octanol, 2-ethylhexanol, nonyl alcohol, decanol, 3-propylheptanol, undecanol, dodecanol, tridecanol, tetradecanol, pentadecanol, hexadecanol, octadecanol and their constitution and positional isomers.
• the alcohols can be used both in the form of pure isomers and in the form of technical mixtures.
• a particularly preferred alcohol is tridecanol.
• C 3 - to C 6 -alkylene oxides are propylene oxide, such as 1, 2-propylene oxide, butylene oxide, such as 1, 2-butylene oxide, 2,3-butylene oxide, isobutylene oxide or tetrahydrofuran, pentylene oxide and hexylene oxide.
• particularly preferred are C 3 -C 4 -alkylene oxides, ie, propylene oxide such as 1, 2-propylene oxide and butylene oxide such as 1, 2-butylene oxide, 2,3-butylene oxide and isobutylene oxide.
• propylene oxide is used.
• Further suitable synthetic carrier oils are alkoxylated alkylphenols, as described in DE-A 10 102 913. Particular carrier oils are synthetic carrier oils, the alcohol-initiated polyethers described above being particularly preferred.
• the carrier oil or the mixture of different carrier oils is added to the fuel in an amount of preferably from 1 to 1000 ppm by weight, more preferably from 10 to 500 ppm by weight and in particular from 20 to 100 ppm by weight.
• Suitable cold flow improvers are in principle all organic compounds which are able to improve the flow behavior of middle distillate fuels or diesel fuels in the cold. Conveniently, they must have sufficient oil solubility.
• middle distillates of fossil origin ie for conventional mineral diesel fuels
• used cold flow improvers (“middle distillate flow improvers", "MDFI") come into consideration.
• MDFI middle distillate flow improvers
• WASA wax anti-settling additive
• the cold flow improver is selected from:
• Suitable C 2 - to C 4 -olefin monomers for the copolymers of class (K1) are, for example, those having 2 to 20, in particular 2 to 10 carbon atoms and having 1 to 3, preferably 1 or 2, in particular a carbon-carbon double pelitati. In the latter case, the carbon-carbon double bond can be arranged both terminally (a-olefins) and internally.
• ⁇ -olefins more preferably ⁇ -olefins having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, for example propene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene and especially ethylene.
• the at least one further ethylenically unsaturated monomer is preferably selected from carboxylic alkenyl esters, (meth) acrylic esters and further olefins. If further olefins are polymerized in, these are preferably higher molecular weight than the abovementioned C 2 - to C 4 -olefin base monomers. If, for example, ethylene or propene is used as the olefin base monomer, suitable further olefins are, in particular, C 10 -C 4 -olefins. Other olefins are polymerized in most cases only when monomers with carboxylic acid ester functions are used.
• Suitable (meth) acrylic esters are, for example, esters of (meth) acrylic acid with Cr to C 2 alkanols, in particular C 1 to C 1 alkanols, especially with methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, isobutanol, tert Butanol, pentanol, hexanol, heptanol, octanol, 2-ethylhexanol, nonanol and decanol and structural isomers thereof.
• Suitable carboxylic alkenyl esters are, for example, C2 to C-u-alkenyl esters, e.g. the vinyl and propenyl esters of carboxylic acids having from 2 to 21 carbon atoms, the hydrocarbon radical of which may be linear or branched. Preferred among these are the vinyl esters.
• carboxylic acids having a branched hydrocarbon radical preferred are those whose branch is in the ⁇ -position to the carboxyl group, the ⁇ -carbon atom being particularly preferably tertiary, ie. H. the carboxylic acid is a so-called neocarboxylic acid.
• the hydrocarbon radical of the carboxylic acid is linear.
• carboxylic alkenyl esters examples include vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl 2-ethylhexanoate, vinyl neopentanoate, vinyl hexanoate, vinyl neononanoate, vinyl neodecanoate and the corresponding propenyl esters, the vinyl esters being preferred.
• a particularly preferred carboxylic acid alkenyl ester is vinyl acetate; typical resulting copolymers of group (K1) are the most commonly used ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers ("EVA").
• ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers and their preparation are described in WO 99/29748.
• copolymers of class (K1) are those which contain two or more different carboxylic acid alkenyl esters in copolymerized form, these differing in the alkenyl function and / or in the carboxylic acid group.
• Such terpolymers are described in WO 2005/054314.
• a typical such terpolymer is composed of ethylene, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and vinyl acetate.
• the at least one or the other ethylenically unsaturated monomers are present in the copolymers of class (K1) in an amount of preferably from 1 to 50% by weight, in particular from 10 to 45% by weight and especially from 20 to 40% by weight. %, based on the total copolymer, copolymerized.
• the majority by weight of the monomer units in the copolymers of class (K1) thus usually comes from the C2 to C 4 o-based olefins.
• the copolymers of class (K1) preferably have a number average molecular weight M n of from 1000 to 20,000, particularly preferably from 1000 to 10,000 and in particular from 1000 to 8000.
• Typical comb polymers of component (K2) are, for example, by the copolymerization of maleic anhydride or fumaric acid with another ethylenically unsaturated monomer, for example with an ⁇ -olefin or an unsaturated ester, such as vinyl acetate, and subsequent esterification of the anhydride or acid function an alcohol having at least 10 carbon atoms.
• Other suitable comb polymers are copolymers of ⁇ -olefins and esterified comonomers, for example esterified copolymers of styrene and maleic anhydride or esterified copolymers of styrene and fumaric acid.
• Suitable comb polymers may also be polyfumarates or polymaleinates.
• homopolymers and copolymers of vinyl ethers are suitable comb polymers.
• Comb polymers suitable as component of class (K2) are, for example, those described in WO 2004/035715 and in "Comb-Like Polymers, Structure and Properties", N.A. Plate and V.P. Shibaev, J. Poly. Be. Macromolecular Revs. 8, pages 1 17 to 253 (1974). "Mixtures of comb polymers are also suitable.
• Polyoxyalkylenes suitable as component of class (K3) are, for example, polyoxyalkylene esters, polyoxyalkylene ethers, mixed polyoxyalkylene ester ethers and mixtures thereof. see it. These polyoxyalkylene compounds preferably comprise at least one, preferably at least two, linear alkyl groups each having from 10 to 30 carbon atoms and a polyoxyalkylene group having a number average molecular weight of up to 5,000. Such polyoxyalkylene compounds are described, for example, in EP-A 061 895 and in US Pat. No. 4,491,455. Particular polyoxyalkylene compounds are based on polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols having a number average molecular weight of from 100 to 5,000. Polyoxyalkylene mono- and diesters of fatty acids containing from 10 to 30 carbon atoms, such as stearic acid or behenic acid, are also suitable.
• Polar nitrogen compounds suitable as a component of class (K4) may be of both ionic and nonionic nature, and preferably have at least one, especially at least two, tertiary nitrogen substituent of the general formula> NR 7 , wherein R 7 is Cs to C 40 Hydrocarbon residue.
• the nitrogen substituents may also be quaternized, that is in cationic form. Examples of such nitrogen compounds are ammonium salts and / or amides obtainable by reacting at least one amine substituted with at least one hydrocarbyl radical with a carboxylic acid having 1 to 4 carboxyl groups or with a suitable derivative thereof.
• the amines contain at least one linear Cs to C4o-alkyl radical.
• suitable primary amines for the preparation of said polar nitrogen compounds are octylamine, nonylamine, decylamine, undecylamine, dodecylamine, tetradecylamine and the higher linear homologues
• suitable secondary amines for this purpose are, for example, dioctadecylamine and methylbehenylamine.
• amine mixtures in particular industrially available amine mixtures such as fatty amines or hydrogenated tallamines, as described, for example, in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 6th edition, in the chapter "Amines, aliphatic".
• Suitable acids for the reaction are, for example, cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, cyclopentane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid and succinic acids substituted by long-chain hydrocarbon radicals.
• the component of class (K4) is an oil-soluble reaction product of at least one tertiary amino group-containing poly (C 2 - to C 20 -carboxylic acids) with primary or secondary amines.
• the poly (C 2 - to C 20 -carboxylic acids) which have at least one tertiary amino group and are based on this reaction product preferably contain at least 3 carboxyl groups, in particular 3 to 12, especially 3 to 5, carboxyl groups.
• the carboxylic acid units in the polycarboxylic acids preferably have 2 to 10 carbon atoms, in particular they are acetic acid units.
• the carboxylic acid units are suitably linked to the polycarboxylic acids, usually via one or more carbon and / or nitrogen oxides. -hydrogen atoms. Preferably, they are attached to tertiary nitrogen atoms, which are connected in the case of several nitrogen atoms via hydrocarbon chains.
• the component of class (K4) is preferably an oil-soluble reaction product based on poly (C 2 - to C 20 -carboxylic acids) of general formula IIa or IIb having at least one tertiary amino group
• variable A is a straight-chain or branched C 2 - to C 6 -alkylene group or the grouping of the formula III
• variable B denotes a C to Cig alkylene group.
• the compounds of the general formula IIa and IIb have in particular the properties of a WASA.
• the preferred oil-soluble reaction product of component (K4) in particular that of general formula IIa or IIb, is an amide, an amide ammonium salt or an ammonium salt in which no, one or more carboxylic acid groups are converted into amide groups.
• Straight-chain or branched C 2 - to C 6 -alkylene groups of the variable A are, for example, 1, 1-ethylene, 1, 2-propylene, 1, 3-propylene, 1, 2-butylene, 1, 3-butylene, 1, 4-butylene ethylene, 2-methyl-1, 3-propylene, 1, 5-pentylene, 2-methyl-1,4-butylene, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propylene, 1,6-hexylene (hexamethylene) and especially 1, 2-ethylene.
• the variable A preferably comprises 2 to 4, in particular 2 or 3, carbon atoms.
• C 1 - to C 18 -alkylene groups of the variables B are, for example, 1,2-ethylene, 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, hexamethylene, octamethylene, decamethylene, dodecamethylene, tetradecamethylene, hexadecamethylene, octadecamethylene, nonadecamethylene and especially methylene.
• the variable B comprises 1 to 10, in particular 1 to 4, carbon atoms.
• the primary and secondary amines as reaction partners for the polycarboxylic acids to form the component (K4) are usually monoamines, in particular aliphatic monoamines. These primary and secondary amines may be selected from a variety of amines bearing hydrocarbon radicals, optionally linked together. Most of these amines which are the oil-soluble reaction products of component (K4) are secondary amines and have the general formula HN (R 8 ) 2 in which the two variables R 8 independently of one another each represent straight-chain or branched C 10 - to C 30 -alkyl radicals, in particular Cu - to C24-alkyl radicals mean. These longer-chain alkyl radicals are preferably straight-chain or only slightly branched. As a rule, the abovementioned secondary amines are derived with regard to their longer-chain alkyl radicals from naturally occurring fatty acid or from its derivatives. Preferably, the two radicals R 8 are the same.
• the abovementioned secondary amines can be bound to the polycarboxylic acids by means of amide structures or in the form of the ammonium salts, and only one part can be present as amide structures and another part as ammonium salts. Preferably, only a few or no free acid groups are present. Preferably, the oil-soluble reaction products of component (K4) are completely in the form of the amide structures.
• Typical examples of such components (K4) are reaction products of nitrilotriacetic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or propylene-1,2-diaminetetraacetic acid with in each case 0.5 to 1.5 mol per carboxyl group, in particular 0.8 to 1.2 mol per carboxyl group, dioleylamine, dipalmitinamine, dicoco fatty amine, distearylamine, dibehenylamine or, in particular, Ditaigfettamin.
• a particularly preferred component (K4) is the reaction product of 1 mole of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and 4 moles of hydrogenated dithiol fatty amine.
• component (K4) include the N, N-dialkylammonium salts of 2-N ', ⁇ '-dialkylamidobenzoates, for example the reaction product of 1 mole of phthalic anhydride and 2 moles of diethfamine, the latter being hydrogenated or unhydrogenated , and the reaction product of 1 mole of a Alkenylspirobislac- tons with 2 moles of a dialkylamine, for example, Ditaigfettamin and / or tallow fatty amine, the latter two may be hydrogenated or unhydrogenated, called.
• N, N-dialkylammonium salts of 2-N ', ⁇ '-dialkylamidobenzoates for example the reaction product of 1 mole of phthalic anhydride and 2 moles of diethfamine, the latter being hydrogenated or unhydrogenated
• the reaction product of 1 mole of a Alkenylspirobislac- tons with 2 moles of a dialkylamine for example, Dit
• component of class (K4) are cyclic compounds having tertiary amino groups or long-chain primary or condensates secondary amines with carboxylic acid-containing polymers, as described in WO 93/181 15.
• Sulfocarboxylic acids, sulfonic acids or their derivatives which are suitable as cold flow improvers of the component of class (K5) are, for example, the oil-soluble carboxylic acid amides and carboxylic acid esters of ortho-sulfobenzoic acid in which the sulfonic acid function is present as sulfonate with alkyl-substituted ammonium cations, as described in EP -A 261 957.
• suitable poly (meth) acrylic esters are both homo- and copolymers of acrylic and methacrylic esters.
• copolymers of at least two mutually different (meth) acrylic acid esters which differ with respect to the fused alcohol.
• the copolymer contains a further, different of which olefinically unsaturated monomer copolymerized.
• the weight-average molecular weight of the polymer is preferably 50,000 to 500,000.
• a particularly preferred polymer is a copolymer of methacrylic acid and methacrylic acid esters of saturated C14 and Cis alcohols wherein the acid groups are neutralized with hydrogenated tallamine. Suitable poly (meth) acrylic esters are described, for example, in WO 00/44857.
• the middle distillate fuel or diesel fuel is the cold flow improver or the mixture of various cold flow improvers in a total amount of preferably 10 to 5000 ppm by weight, more preferably from 20 to 2000 ppm by weight, more preferably from 50 to 1000 ppm by weight and in particular from 100 to 700 ppm by weight, for example from 200 to 500 ppm by weight, added.
• Suitable Lubricity improvers are usually based on fatty acids or fatty acid esters. Typical examples are tall oil fatty acid, as described, for example, in WO 98/004656, and glycerol monooleate.
• the reaction products of natural or synthetic oils, for example triglycerides, and alkanolamines described in US Pat. No. 6,743,266 B2 are also suitable as such lubricity improvers.
• Suitable corrosion inhibitors are succinic esters, especially with polyols, fatty acid derivatives, for example oleic esters, oligomerized fatty acids, substituted ethanolamines and products sold under the trade name RC 4801 (Rhein Chemie Mannheim, Germany) or HiTEC 536 (Ethyl Corporation). (6) demulsifiers
• Suitable demulsifiers are e.g. the alkali or alkaline earth salts of alkyl-substituted phenol and naphthalene sulfonates and the alkali or alkaline earth salts of fatty acids, as well as neutral compounds such as alcohol alkoxylates, e.g. Alcohol ethoxylates, phenol alkoxylates, e.g. tert-butylphenol ethoxylate or tert-pentylphenol ethoxylate, fatty acids, alkylphenols, condensation products of ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO), e.g. also in the form of EO / PO block copolymers, polyethyleneimines or polysiloxanes.
• EO ethylene oxide
• PO propylene oxide
• Suitable dehazers are e.g. alkoxylated phenol-formaldehyde condensates, such as, for example, the products NALCO 7D07 (Nalco) and TOLAD 2683 (Petrolite) available under the trade name.
• Suitable anti-foaming agents are e.g. Polyether-modified polysiloxanes such as the TEGOPREN 5851 (Goldschmidt), Q 25907 (Dow Corning) and RHODOSIL (Rhone Poulenc) products available under the tradename.
• Suitable cetane number improvers are e.g. aliphatic nitrates such as 2-ethylhexyl nitrate and cyclohexyl nitrate and peroxides such as di-tert-butyl peroxide.
• Suitable antioxidants are e.g. substituted phenols such as 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol and 6-di-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol and phenylenediamines such as N, N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine.
• Suitable metal deactivators are e.g. Salicylic acid derivatives such as N, N'-disalicylidene-1, 2-propanediamine.
• solvent Suitable are, for example, nonpolar organic solvents such as aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, for example toluene, xylenes, "white spirit” and products marketed under the trade name SHELLSOL (Royal Dutch / Shell Group) and EXXSOL (Exxon Mobil), and polar organic solvents, For example, alcohols such as 2-ethylhexanol, decanol and isotridecanol.
• solvents usually go into the diesel fuel together with the abovementioned additives and co-additives, which they are intended to dissolve or dilute for better handling.
• the aforementioned farnesyl alkoxylates according to the invention can also be used according to the invention as solubilizers for aqueous systems in order to solubilize water-insoluble substances therein.
• the compounds according to the invention are usually used in amounts of 0.01 to 50 wt .-% or 0.1 to 10 wt .-% or 1 to 8 wt .-% based on the total weight of the solubilized mixture.
• additional surface-active additives such as e.g. be selected from among the surfactants described above.
• Agrochemical Compositions The compounds of the formula I according to the invention are furthermore suitable for use as adjuvants in agrochemical compositions or crop protection formulations, e.g. in herbicidal, fungicidal or insecticidal compositions.
• the compounds I can be converted into the types customary for agrochemical compositions, e.g. As solutions, emulsions, suspensions, dusts, powders, pastes and granules.
• the composition type depends on the respective purpose.
• compositions generally contain 0.01 to 20 wt .-%, 0.1 to 10 wt .-% or 1 to 5 wt .-% of the compounds I.
• agrochemical compositions are prepared in a known manner (see, for example, US 3,060,084, EP-A 707,445 (for liquid concentrates), Browning, "Agglomeration", Chemical Engineering, Dec. 4, 1967, 147-48, Perry's Chemical Engineer Handbook, 4th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1963, 8-57 and et seq., WO 91/13546, US 4,172,714, US 4,144,050, US 3,920,442, US 5,180,587, US 5,232,701, US 5,208,030, GB 2,095,558 , US 3,299,566, Klingman: Weed Control as a Science (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1961), Hance et al .: Weed Control Handbook (8th Ed., Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1989), and Mollet, H.
• the agrochemical compositions may also contain other adjuvants which are customary for crop protection agents, the choice of auxiliaries being based on the specific application form or the active ingredient.
• auxiliaries are solvents, solid carriers, surface-active substances (such as further solubilizers, protective colloids, wetting agents and adhesives), organic and inorganic thickeners, bactericides, antifreeze agents, defoamers, if appropriate dyes and adhesives (for example for seed treatment).
• Suitable solvents include water, organic solvents such as medium to high boiling point mineral oil fractions such as kerosene and diesel oil, as well as coal tar oils and oils of vegetable or animal origin, aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g.
• solvent mixtures and mixtures of the abovementioned solvents and water can also be used.
• Solid carriers are mineral soils such as silicic acids, silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, limestone, lime, chalk, bolus, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium and magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, ground plastics, fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, Ureas and vegetable products such as cereal flour, tree bark, wood and nutshell flour, cellulose powder or other solid carriers.
• mineral soils such as silicic acids, silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, limestone, lime, chalk, bolus, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium and magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, ground plastics, fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, Ureas and vegetable products such as cereal flour, tree bark, wood and nutshell flour
• alkali metal alkaline earth metal
• ammonium salts of aromatic sulfonic acids eg. B.
• thickeners ie, compounds that give the composition a modified flow properties, ie high viscosity at rest and low viscosity in motion
• thickeners are polysaccharides and organic and inorganic sheet minerals, such as xanthan gum (Kelzan ®, CP Kelco, U.S.A.), Rhodopol ® 23 (Rho dia, France) or Veegum ® (RT Vanderbilt, USA) or attaclay ® (Engelhard Corp., NJ, USA).
• Bactericides may be added to stabilize the composition.
• bactericides are those based on diclorophene and Benzylalkoholhemi- formal (Proxel ® Fa. ICI or Acticide ® RS Fa. Thor Chemie and Kathon ® MK Fa. Rohm & Haas) and Isothiazolinonderivaten as Alkylisothiazolinonen and Benzisothiazolinonen (Acticide ® MBS of Fa. Thor Chemie).
• Suitable antifreeze agents are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, urea and glycerin.
• defoamers examples include silicone emulsions (such as, for example, silicone ® SRE, Wacker, Germany or Rhodorsil ®, Rhodia, France), long chain alcohols, fatty acids, salts of fatty acids, organofluorine compounds and mixtures thereof.
• colorants are both water-insoluble pigments and water-soluble dyes. Examples which may be mentioned are those under the designations Rhodamine B, CI Pigment Red 1 12 and CI Solvent Red 1, Pigment blue 15: 4, Pigment blue 15: 3, Pigment blue 15: 2, Pigment blue 15: 1, Pigment blue 80, Pigment yellow 1, Pigment yellow 13, Pigment red 48: 2, Pigment red 48: 1, Pigment red 57: 1, Pigment red 53: 1, Pigment orange 43, Pigment orange 34, Pigment orange 5, Pigment green 36, Pigment green 7, Pigment white 6, Pigment brown 25, Basic violet 10, Basic violet 49, Acid red 51, Acid red 52, Acid red 14, Acid blue 9, Acid yellow 23, Basic red 10, Basic red 108 well-known dyes and pigments.
• adhesives are polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol and cellulose ethers (Tylose ®, Shin-Etsu, Japan).
• adhesives are polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol and cellulose ethers (Tylose ®, Shin-Etsu, Japan).
• mineral oil fractions of medium to high boiling point such as kerosene or diesel oil, coal tar oils and oils of vegetable or animal origin, aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, eg toluene, xy- lol, paraffin, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes or derivatives thereof, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, isophorone, strongly polar solvents, for example dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidon
• Granules for. As coated, impregnated and homogeneous granules can be prepared by binding the active ingredients to at least one solid carrier.
• Solid carriers are z.
• mineral earths such as silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, Attaclay, limestone, lime, chalk, bolus, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium and magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, ground plastics, fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas and vegetable products such as cereal flour, bark, wood and nutshell flour, cellulose powder and other solid carriers.
• mineral earths such as silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, Attaclay, limestone, lime, chalk, bolus, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium and magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, ground plastics, fertiliz
• Oils of various types, wetting agents, adjuvants, herbicides, bactericides, other fungicides and / or pesticides may also be added to the active substances or the compositions containing them, if appropriate also immediately before use (tank mix). These agents can be added to the compositions according to the invention in a weight ratio of 1: 100 to 100: 1, preferably 1:10 to 10: 1.
• As adjuvants in this sense are in particular: organically modified polysiloxanes, eg. B. Break Thru S 240® ; Alcohol alkoxylates, eg. B.
• compositions according to the invention may contain one or more active substances selected from among herbicides, insecticides, growth regulators, fungicides.
• Azoxystrobin Dimoxystrobin, Coumoxystrobin, Coumethoxystrobin, Enestroburin, Fluoxastrobin, Kresoxim-methyl, Metominostrobin, Orysastrobin, Picoxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Pyrametostrobin, Pyraoxystrobin, Pyribencarb, Trifloxystrobin, 2- [2- (2,5-Dimethylphenyl-oxymethyl) phenyl] Methyl 3-methoxyacrylate, 2- (2- (3- (2,6-dichlorophenyl) -1-methyl-allylideneaminooxymethyl) -phenyl) -2-methoxyimine-methyl-acetamide;
• carboxylic acid anilides benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, benodanil, bixafen, boscalid, carboin, fenfuram, fenhexamide, flutolanil, fluxapyroxad, furametpyr, isopyrazam, isotianil, kiralaxyl, mepronil, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam), ofurace, Oxadixyl, oxycarboxine, penflufen, penthiopyrad, sedaxanes, tecloftalam, thifluzamide, tiaminil, 2-amino-4-methyl-thiazole-5-carboxanilide, N- (4'-trifluoromethylthiobiphenyl-2-yl) -3-difluoromethyl-1 -methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N- (2- (1,3,3-trimethyl
• Benzoic acid amides flumetover, fluopicolide, fluopyram, zoxamide;
• carboxamides carpropamide, diclocymet, mandipropamide, oxytetracycline, silthiofam, N- (6-methoxypyridin-3-yl) cyclopropanecarboxamide;
• Triazoles azaconazole, bitertanol, bromiconazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, diconoconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, oxpoconazole, paclobutrazole, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole , Simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, uniconazole;
• - imidazoles cyazofamide, imazalil, imazalil sulfate, pefurazoate, prochloraz, triflumizole;
• Benzimidazoles benomyl, carbendazim, fuberidazole, thiabendazole;
• Pyridines fluazinam, pyrifenox, 3- [5- (4-chloro-phenyl) -2,3-dimethyl-isoxazolidin-3-yl] -pyridine, 3- [5- (4-methyl-phenyl) -2, 3-dimethyl-isoxazolidin-3-yl] -pyridine;
• Dicarboximides fluorimide, iprodione, procymidone, vinclozolin; non-aromatic 5-membered heterocycles: famoxadone, fenamidone, flutianil, octhilinone, probenazole, 5-amino-2-isopropyl-3-oxo-4-ortho-tolyl-2,3-dihydropyrazole-1-thiocarboxylic acid allyl ester;
• acibenzolar-S-methyl acibenzolar-S-methyl, amisulbrom, anilazine, blasticidin-S, captafol, captan, quinomethionate, dazomet, debacarb, diclomethine, difenzoquat, difenzoquatmethylsulfate, fenoxanil, folpet, oxolinic acid, piperaline, proquinazid, pyroquilon, qui - Noxyfen, triazoxide, tricyclazole, 2-butoxy-6-iodo-3-propyl-chromen-4-one, 5-chloro-1 - (4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl) -2-methyl-1 H-benzoimidazole, 5-chloro-7- (4-methylpiperidin-1-yl) -6- (2,4,6-trifluorophenyl) - [1,2,4] triazolo [1,5-a ]
• Guanidines dodine, dodine free base, guazatine, guazatine acetate, iminoctadine, iminoctadine triacetate, iminoctadin tris (albesilat);
• antibiotics kasugamycin, kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate, polyoxines, streptomycin, validamycin A;
• Nitrophenyl derivatives binapacryl, diclorane, dinobutone, dinocap, nitrothal-isopropyl, tecnazene;
• fentin salts such as fentin acetate, fentin chloride, fentin hydroxide
• Sulfur-containing heterocyclyl compounds dithianone, isoprothiolanes
• Organophosphorus compounds edifenphos, fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminum, Iprobenfos, phosphorous acid and its salts, pyrazophos, tolclofos-methyl;
• Organochlorine compounds chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, dichlorophene, flusulphamide, hexachlorobenzene, pencycuron, pentachlorophenol and its salts, phthalide, quintozene, thiophanate-methyl, tolylfluanid, N- (4-chloro-2-nitro-phenyl) -N-ethyl-4- methyl-benzenesulfonamide;
• Inorganic active ingredients phosphorous acid and its salts, Bordeaux broth, copper salts such as copper acetate, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, basic copper sulfate, sulfur;
• Ampelomyces quis- qualis eg the product AQ 10 ® from Intrachem Bio GmbH & Co. KG, of Germany.
• Aspergillus flavus eg the product AFLAGUARD ® from Syngenta, Switzerland.
• Aureobasidium pullulans eg the product BOTECTOR ® from. bio-ferm GmbH, Germany
• Bacillus pumilius eg strain NRRL no. B-21661 in the production Dukten Rhapsody ®, SERENADE ® MAX and SERENADE ® ASO Fa. AgraQuest Inc., USA
• Bacillus subtilis var Bacillus subtilis var.
• amyloliquefaciens FZB24 eg the product TAEGRO ® from. Novozyme Biologicals, Inc., USA
• Candida oleophila 1-82 eg the product ASPIRE ® from. Ecogen Inc., USA
• Candida saitoana eg the pro-products BIOCURE ® (mixed with lysozyme) and BIOCOAT ® of Micro Flo Company USA (BASF SE) and Arysta
• chitosan eg ARMOR-ZEN from Botri- Zen Ltd., New Zealand
• Clonostachys rosea f. catenulata also called Gliocladium catenulatum: (.
• Microdochium dimerum eg the product AntiBot ® from. Agrauxine, France
• Phlebiopsis gigantea eg the product ROTSOP ® from. Verdera, Finland
• Pseudozyma flocculosa eg the product SPORODEX ® from Plant Products Co. Ltd., Canada
• Pythium oligandrum DV74 eg the product POLYVERSUM ® from. Remeslo SSRO, Biopreparaty, Czech Republic
• Reynoutria sachlinensis .
• T. atroviride LC52 eg the product SENTINEL ® from. Agrimm Technologies Ltd, New Zealand
• T. harzianum T-22 eg the product PLANT SHIELD ® from BioWorks Inc., USA
• T . harzianum TH 35 eg the product ROOT PRO ® from MyControl Ltd., Israel
• T. harzianum T-39 for example, the products TRICHODEX ® and TRICHODERMA 2000 ® from. MyControl Ltd., Israel and Makhteshim Ltd., Israel
• T. harzianum and T. viride eg harzianum product TRICHOPEL the company Agrimm Technologies Ltd, New Zealand
• T. and T. viride ICC012 ICC080 eg the product restageer ® WP Fa. Isagro Ricerca, Italy
• T. po- lysporum and T. harzianum eg the product Binab ® from. Binab Bio-innovation AB, Sweden
• T. virens GL-21 eg the product SOILGARD ® from Certis LLC, USA
• T. viride eg the products TRIECO ® from Ecosense Labs. (India) Pvt. Ltd., India and BIO-CURE ® F from. T. Stanes & Co. Ltd., India
• T. viride TV1 eg the product T. viride TV1 company Agribiotec srl, Italy
• Ulocladium oudemansii HRU3 eg the product BOTRY ZEN ® of Botry-Zen Ltd Company, New Zealand
• Acetamides acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, dimethachlor, dimethenamid, flufenacet, mefenacet, metolachlor, metazachlor, napropamide, naproanilide, pethoxamide, pretilachlor, propachlor, thenylchloro;
• Amino acid analogues bilanafos, glyphosate, glufosinate, sulfosate;
• Aryloxyphenoxypropionates clodinafop, cyhalofopbutyl, fenoxaprop, fluazifop, haloxyfop, metamifop, propaquizafop, quizalofop, quizalofop-P-tefuryl;
• Bipyridyls diquat, paraquat;
• Carbamates and thiocarbamates asulam, butylates, carbamides, desmedipham, dimepiperate, eptam (EPTC), esprocarb, molinates, orbencarb, phenmedipham, prochlorocarb, pyributicarb, thiobencarb, triallates;
• Diphenyl ether acifluorfen, aclonifen, bifenox, diclofop, ethoxyfen, fomesafen, lactofen, oxyfluorfen;
• Hydroxybenzonitriles bromoxynil, dichlobenil, loxynil;
• Imidazolinones imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr;
• Phenoxyacetic acids clomeprop, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4-DB, Dichlorprop, MCPA, MCPA-thioethyl, MCPB, mecoprop;
• - pyridines aminopyralid, clopyralid, diflufenican, dithiopyr, fluridone, fluroxypyr, pilinoram, picolinafen, thiazopyr;
• Sulfonylureas amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorosulfuron, cinosulfuron, cyclosulfamuron, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, flucosulfuron, flupyrsulfuron, foramsulfuron, halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, lodosulfuron, mesosulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron, oxasulfuron, primisulfuron, prosul furon, pyrazosulfuron, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron, sulfosulfuron, thifensulfuron, triasulfuron, tribenuron, trifloxysulfuron, triflusulfuron, tritosulfuron, 1 - ((2-chloro-6-prop
• Triazines ametryn, atrazine, cyanazine, dimethametryn, ethiozine, hexazinone, metachronon, metribuzin, prometryn, simazine, terbuthylazine, terbutryn, triaziflam;
• acetolactate synthase bispyribac sodium, cloransulam methyl, diclosulam, florasulam, flucarbazone, flumetsulam, metosulam, orthosulphamuron, penoxsulam, propoxycarbazone, pyribambenz-propyl, pyribenzoxime, pyriftalid, pyriminobac-methyl, pyrimisulphane, pyrithiobac, pyroxasulphone, pyroxsulam;
• - organo (thio) phosphates acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-methyl, chlorpyrifos, Chlorpyrifos-methyl, chlorfenvinphos, diazinon, dichlorvos, dicrotophos, dimethoate, disulphoton, ethion, fenitrothion, fenthion, isoxathione, malathion, methamidophosphate, methidathion, methyl parathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, oxydemeton-methyl, paraoxon, parathion, Phenthoate, Phosalone, Phosmet, Phosphamidone, Phorate, Phoxim, Pirimiphos-Methyl, Profenofos, Prothiofos, Sulprophos, Tetrachlorvinphos, Terbufos, Triazophos, Trichlorfon;
• Carbamates alanycarb, aldicarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, fenoxycarb, furathiocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, triazamates;
• - pyrethroids allethrin, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cyphenothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, imiprothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, permethrin, prallethrin, pyrethrin I and II, resmethrin, silafluofen, tau-fluva- linate, tefluthrin, tetramethrin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin, profluthrin, dimefluthrin, - inhibitors of insect growth: a) chitin synthesis inhibitors: benzo
• Nicotine receptor agonists / antagonists clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, nitenpyram, acetamiprid, thiacloprid, 1- (2-chlorothiazol-5-ylmethyl) -2-nitrimino-3,5-dimethyl- [1, 3,5] triazinane;
• GABA antagonists endosulfan, ethiprole, fipronil, vaniliprole, pyrafluprole, pyriprole, 5-amino-1 - (2,6-dichloro-4-methylphenyl) -4-sulfinamoyl-1H-pyrazole-3-thiocarbon acid amide;
• Macrocyclic lactones Abamectin, Emamectin, Milbemectin, Lepimectin, Spinosid, Spinetoram;
• Inhibitors of the sloughing of insects Cryomazine;
• Inhibitors of mixed function oxidases piperonyl butoxide
• the agents are used, for example, to combat a variety of pathogens in various crops such as cereals, eg. Wheat, rye, barley, triticale, oats or rice; Beets, z.
• Sugar or fodder beets Kernel, stone and berry fruits, z. Apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries, strawberries, raspberries, currants or gooseberries; Legumes, z. Beans, lentils, peas, alfalfa or soybeans; Oil plants, e.g. Rapeseed, mustard, olives, sunflowers, coconut, cocoa, castor beans, oil palm, peanuts or soya; Cucurbits, z. Pumpkins, cucumbers or melons; Fiber plants, z. Cotton, flax, hemp or jute; Citrus fruits, z. Oranges, lemons, grapefruit or mandarins; Vegetables, z.
• compositions of the invention are also suitable for controlling harmful fungi in the storage protection (also of crops) and in the protection of materials and buildings.
• material and building protection covers the protection of technical and non-living materials such. As adhesives, glues, wood, paper and cardboard, textiles, leather, color dispersions, plastics, coolants, fibers and tissues, against the infestation and destruction by unwanted microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria.
• Ascomycetes such as Ophiostoma spp., Ceratocystis spp., Aureobasidium pullulans, Sclerophoma spp., Chaetomium spp., Humicola spp., Petriella spp., Trichurus spp .; Basidiomycetes such as Coniophora spp., Coriolus spp., Gloeophyllum spp., Lentinus spp., Pleurotus spp., Poria spp., Serpula spp.
• Ascomycetes such as Ophiostoma spp., Ceratocystis spp., Aureobasidium pullulans, Sclerophoma spp., Chaetomium spp., Humicola spp., Petriella spp., Trichurus spp .
• Basidiomycetes such as Coniophora
• Tyromyces spp. Deuteromycetes such as Aspergillus spp., Cladosporium spp., Penicillium spp., Trichoderma spp., Alternaria spp., Paecilomyces spp. and Zygomycetes such as Mucor spp., moreover, in the protection of the following yeasts: Candida spp. and Saccharomyces cerevisae.
• Hydrogenated farnesol can be prepared in a manner known per se. For example, for the preparation of hexahydrofarnesol Raney Ni (1 wt.% Based on farnesol), be used under the following conditions: Farnesol: ethanol 2: 1 (mass ratio), 100 ° C, 70 bar, 15 h. The degree of hydrogenation can be adjusted by adjusting the molar ratio of farnesol to hydrogen that has been compressed.
• the determination of the residual farnesol content is carried out by gas chromatography using the following method:
• Sample preparation approx. 200 mg sample (depending on the desired content) + approx. 100 mg 1-octanol (ISTD) + approx. 5 ml ethyl acetate
• Residual farnesol content ⁇ 0.25%
• the farnesol (222 g) to be alkoxylated is prepared with a double metal cyanide catalyst (0.66 g) (eg DMC catalyst type Zn-Co, such as a Zn-Co catalyst, as in DE 100 08 629 A1, described in the comparative example thereof, using Tridekanol N instead of PPG 400 for the suspension) at 80 ° C. Then it is rinsed three times with N2, a pre-pressure of approx. 1.5 bar N2 is set and the temperature is raised to 130.degree. The propylene oxide (87 g) becomes mass-controlled metered to constant pressure and allowed to react for 4 hours.
• a double metal cyanide catalyst eg DMC catalyst type Zn-Co, such as a Zn-Co catalyst, as in DE 100 08 629 A1, described in the comparative example thereof, using Tridekanol N instead of PPG 400 for the suspension
• the ethylene oxide (352 g) is then metered in controlled until the pressure is constant and left to react for 8 hours.
• the reactor temperature is then lowered to 80 ° C, the autoclave rinsed 3 times with N2 and the reactor emptied.
• the DMC catalyst is pressure filtered through Seitz K 150.
• the product is degassed in the laboratory at the Rotavap for 2 hours at 20 mbar.
• the product is characterized by means of a 1 H-NMR spectrum in CDCl 3, a gel permeation chromatography and an OH number determination (OH: 80.9 mg KOH / g (Th .: 84.8)) and the Yield determined (103%).
• the residual farnesol content was determined by quantitative GC: 0.1%.
• the farnesol (222 g) to be alkoxylated is mixed with an aqueous KOH solution (2.64 g) containing 50% by weight of KOH.
• the amount of KOH is 0.2 weight percent of the product to be produced.
• the mixture is dehydrated at 100 ° C and 20 mbar for 2 h.
• N 2 a pre-pressure of approx. 1 .5 bar N 2 is set and the temperature is raised to 130 ° C.
• the propylene oxide (87 g) is metered in mass-controlled until the pressure is constant and left to react for 4 hours.
• the ethylene oxide (352 g) is then metered in controlled until the pressure is constant and left to react for 8 hours.
• the reactor temperature is then lowered to 80 ° C, the autoclave rinsed 3 times with N2 and the reactor emptied.
• the product is degassed in the laboratory at the Rotavap for 2 hours at 20 mbar.
• the basic crude product is neutralized with acetic acid (1.40 g).
• the product is characterized using a 1 H-NMR spectrum in CDCl 3, a gel permeation chromatography and an OH number determination (OH: 87.2 mg KOH / g (Th .: 84.8)) and the Yield determined (99%).
• the residual farnesol content was determined by quantitative GC: 0.15%.
• the reactor temperature is then lowered to 80 ° C, the autoclave rinsed 3 times with N2 and the reactor emptied.
• the product is degassed in the laboratory at the Rotavap for 2 hours at 20 mbar.
• the basic crude product is neutralized with acetic acid (1.30 g).
• the product is characterized by means of a 1 H NMR spectrum in CDCl 3, a gel permeation chromatography and an OH number determination (OH: 94.0 mg KOH / g (Th. 97.6)) and the Yield determined (102%).
• the residual farnesol content was determined by quantitative GC (0.25%).
• a hair conditioner formulation according to Table 2 below was prepared.
• composition Quantity [% by weight]
• a liquid detergent formulation having a composition according to Table 3 was prepared.
• a detergent formulation having a composition according to Table 4 was prepared.
• Zeolite A based on anhydrous active substance 22.52
• Amorphous sodium silicate 1, 60 is Amorphous sodium silicate 1, 60

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• 2013
  • 2013-01-31 WO PCT/EP2013/051933 patent/WO2013113831A1/fr not_active Ceased

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