WO2013117854A1 - Procede, systeme et installation de traitement de matieres hydrocarbonees liquides et/ou pateuses - Google Patents
Procede, systeme et installation de traitement de matieres hydrocarbonees liquides et/ou pateuses Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013117854A1 WO2013117854A1 PCT/FR2013/050240 FR2013050240W WO2013117854A1 WO 2013117854 A1 WO2013117854 A1 WO 2013117854A1 FR 2013050240 W FR2013050240 W FR 2013050240W WO 2013117854 A1 WO2013117854 A1 WO 2013117854A1
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- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/36—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen; using mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
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- B01J19/2495—Net-type reactors
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- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B55/00—Coking mineral oils, bitumen, tar, and the like or mixtures thereof with solid carbonaceous material
- C10B55/02—Coking mineral oils, bitumen, tar, and the like or mixtures thereof with solid carbonaceous material with solid materials
- C10B55/04—Coking mineral oils, bitumen, tar, and the like or mixtures thereof with solid carbonaceous material with solid materials with moving solid materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/14—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of contaminated soil, e.g. by oil
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- B01J2219/00117—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with two or more reactions in heat exchange with each other, such as an endothermic reaction in heat exchange with an exothermic reaction
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for treating liquid and / or pasty hydrocarbonaceous materials. It also relates to a system implementing such a method and an installation implementing such a system.
- the field of the invention is the field of the treatment of liquid and / or pasty hydrocarbonaceous materials, more particularly of fuel oil and more particularly of heavy fuel oil, for example heavy fuel oil of category 2 or higher, oil sands or lands polluted by hydrocarbons.
- the invention relates in particular to the conversion of hydrocarbonaceous materials into high energy synthesis gas, such as synthesis gas comprising H 2 and CO.
- Heavy fuel oil for example, viscous pasty in origin, is currently used in diesel engines. It comprises a liquid part and a solid part. Prior to its use in diesel engines, it is necessary to separate the solid portion of the liquid portion by prior heat treatment by a heat treatment device in decantation systems and then by centrifugation at 80/100 ° C. It is only the liquid part that is used as fuel in diesel engines. The solid part, rich in hydrocarbon compounds, is not valued. However, the need for prior thermomechanical treatments of heavy fuel oil for use of the liquid portion only penalizes the overall yield. This is why heavy fuel oil is only rarely used despite its availability.
- the present invention proposes to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a method and system for treating hydrocarbonaceous materials having a higher overall yield than current methods and systems.
- Yet another object of the invention is to provide a method and a system for treating hydrocarbonaceous materials enabling the energetic valorization of liquid hydrocarbonaceous and / or pasty materials which can not be exploited with the existing processes and treatment systems.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and a system for treating hydrocarbonaceous materials for transforming hydrocarbonaceous materials into a source of energy exploitable by existing devices.
- the invention makes it possible to achieve at least one of the abovementioned goals by a process for treating liquid and / or pasty hydrocarbonaceous materials, more particularly fuel oil, more particularly heavy fuel oil, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- a first gas flow at a temperature greater than or equal to 800 ° C. comprising molecules of CO, H 2 0, gas phase hydrocarbon molecules and optionally H 2 molecules, and ⁇ a non-gaseous feed comprising non-gaseous hydrocarbon molecules, in particular solid;
- the second gas stream is exclusively composed of hyper-reactive oxidants whose object is to perfect the redox reaction by reducing them by the gaseous hydrocarbon molecules of the first gas stream to generate CO and possibly H 2 .
- the process according to the invention makes it possible to perfect the conversion of the hydrocarbon molecules into CO and H 2, which is a high energy synthesis gas and to increase the amount of hydrocarbon materials converted and consequently the overall yield of the process.
- Carbon monoxide is a gas with a high energy value and whose energy can be exploited by current devices.
- the process according to the invention makes it possible to promote the volatile part of a hydrocarbon material by oxygen injection and "redox" reaction by an oxidant (for example C0 2 or any other gaseous oxide (NOx, SOx, etc.) and / or solid: NiO, CaO, FeO, etc. found in the materials polluted by the hydrocarbons and / or in the gaseous effluents to obtain a gaseous flow comprising carbon monoxide.
- an oxidant for example C0 2 or any other gaseous oxide (NOx, SOx, etc.
- NiO, CaO, FeO, etc. found in the materials polluted by the hydrocarbons and / or in the gaseous effluents to obtain a gaseous flow comprising carbon monoxide.
- the process according to the invention makes it possible, unlike the current processes and devices, to also enhance the non-gaseous part, ie the solid part, of the hydrocarbon material to produce, with the carbon elements present in this part.
- a second gaseous flow consisting essentially of carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) reactive at a temperature between 1000 ° C and 1200 ° C which is then used to reduce the gaseous hydrocarbon molecules present in the first gas stream and increase the amount of carbon monoxide present in the third gas stream.
- the method according to the invention therefore makes it possible to efficiently valorize a larger quantity of a given charge of hydrocarbon material in comparison with current processes and systems, so that the overall yield of the process according to the invention is greater than the overall yield.
- the injection of O 2 during the gasification step is carried out so that the oxycombustion of the hydrogen of the hydrocarbon molecule generates the energy to raise the temperature of the medium and to provide a first flow. gaseous at a minimum temperature of 800 ° C.
- the method according to the invention may further comprise a thermal conditioning step of the first gas stream before mixing the first gas stream with the second gas stream.
- Such thermal conditioning can comprise, and more particularly consists of, a heat exchange between the first flow gas and the second gas stream for example through a heat exchanger.
- the step of supplying the hydrocarbonaceous materials at a temperature greater than or equal to the autoignition temperature may be achieved by indirect heating of said hydrocarbonaceous materials, for example by heat exchange with a hot gas stream in a heat exchanger or by electric heating or any other equivalent means.
- Such a gas stream may be the third gas stream, used to heat the hydrocarbon materials before being used as energy source synthesis gas and / or molecular base for other combinations of synthesis.
- the step of supplying the hydrocarbonaceous materials at a temperature greater than or equal to the autoignition temperature may be carried out by mixing said hydrocarbonaceous materials with a gaseous effluent having a temperature greater than or equal to the temperature of the hydrocarbon materials, for example a temperature greater than or equal to 200 ° C, and preferably greater than or equal to 300 ° C.
- the oxygen used for the gasification is injected directly into the gaseous effluent before it is mixed with the hydrocarbonaceous materials, the aim being to provoke a primary oxyfuel combustion of the hydrocarbons in order to raise the temperature of the assembly to a higher temperature. or 800 ° C which promotes the pyrolysis of said hydrocarbon materials.
- the gaseous effluent may be an exhaust gas from a fuel combustion device, such as a heat engine, such exhaust gas comprising N 2 , C0 2 , ⁇ , SO x , CO, organic particles and O 2 .
- a fuel combustion device such as a heat engine
- exhaust gas comprising N 2 , C0 2 , ⁇ , SO x , CO, organic particles and O 2 .
- Such an exhaust gas may also consist of or include industrial fumes.
- the exhaust gas is, original or elevated by any means (as specified above), at a preferred temperature of 300 ° C minimum.
- the exhaust gas composed of the combustion gases comprising N 2 , CO 2 , NO x , SO x , CO, various aerosol particles and excess oxygen is used to bring the hydrocarbon materials to a self-ignition temperature.
- the first gaseous flow is then composed of the exhaust gas molecules: N 2 , CO 2 (partly converted to CO by the reduction of the carbons of the oxy-oxidized hydrocarbon molecules), NO x , SO x , CO, H 2 0 (derived from the exo-energetic oxidation-dehydrogenation of said hydrocarbon molecules), CO originating from the reduction-redox of the carbons of the dehydrogenated molecules by oxidizing CO 2 present in the exhaust gas, hydrocarbon molecules in the gas phase, and possibly H 2 molecules.
- the oxycombustion of the hydrogen of the hydrocarbon molecule generates the energy to raise the temperature of the medium, initiating the redox reaction of the oxidants, present in the gas stream, on the carbons already in a reducing state and supplying a first gas stream to a temperature of 800 ° C minimum.
- the mixture of the first and second gaseous flows carries out the deoxidation, by the gaseous hydrocarbon molecules present in the first gaseous flow, molecules of NO x and SO x present in the first gaseous flow and molecules of C0 2 and O 2 present in the second gaseous flow, the third gaseous flow then comprising the molecules following: N 2 , S 2 , CO, H 2 O, and optionally molecules of CO 2 and H 2 at a temperature of between 1000 and 1200 ° C.
- the process according to the invention also makes it possible to crack and reduce particularly polluting molecules present in the exhaust gas, such as the NO x and SO x molecules, which will be evacuated under N 2 form in the nitrogen present in the treated effluent and the sulfur that will be recovered upstream during a cooling phase.
- particularly polluting molecules present in the exhaust gas such as the NO x and SO x molecules
- the process according to the invention may have the objective of converting C0 2 by hydrocarbonaceous materials into synthesis gas (CO and H 2 ). This syngas can then be used in existing conventional systems (whereas the basic hydrocarbon materials may not be exploitable without a difficultly viable treatment).
- the gaseous effluent may be a gas stream consisting of C0 2 .
- the oxygen added to said gaseous effluent is proportioned to the amount of hydrocarbon molecules to be oxidized to generate the gasification energy (pyrolysis) of the hydrocarbon materials.
- the first gas stream may also comprise H 2 which is also a gas with a high energy value.
- the first gas stream comprises molecules of CO, H 2 , H 2 O and hydrocarbon molecules in the gas phase and optionally C0 2 molecules.
- the oxycombustion of the molecular hydrogen of the hydrocarbon molecule generates the energy to raise the temperature of the medium and prime the redox reaction and provide a first gas stream at a minimum temperature of 800 ° C.
- the second gas stream comprises molecules of C0 2 , O 2 and H 2 0.
- This second gas stream is exclusively composed of hyper-reactive oxidants whose object is to perfect the redox reaction by reducing them by the gaseous hydrocarbon molecules of the first gaseous flow to generate CO and H 2 .
- the mixture of the first and second gaseous streams reduces, by the reducing elements (C and H 2 ) of the gas phase hydrocarbon molecules present in the first gas stream, C0 2 molecules present in the first gas stream and / or the second gas stream.
- Controlled supply of excess O 2 molecules in the second gas stream achieves the oxycombustion of the amount of H 2 molecules required to compensate for the endothermy of the redox reactions and to maintain the temperature of said reactions, the third gaseous flow then comprising molecules of CO, H 2 and H 2 O at a temperature of between 1000 and 1200 ° C.
- the first and second gaseous streams may comprise sulfur molecules of formula SO x .
- These sulfur oxides are also deoxidized by the reducing elements (C and H 2 ) of the hydrocarbon molecules present in the first gas stream, during the redox reaction.
- the process according to the invention may advantageously comprise an additional controlled injection of oxygen during the fixed carbon oxidation step present without the non-gaseous and non-gasifiable charge.
- This oxygen injection generates the oxycombustion of said fixed carbons which makes it possible to raise and maintain the temperature of the second gaseous stream greater than 1000 - 1200 ° C.
- This excess of 0 2 provides the energy necessary for the endothermy reduction of the CO 2 molecules by the reducing carbons of the hydrocarbon molecules present in the first gas stream, according to the reaction C + CO 2 -> 2CO + 172 kJ / mol .
- the second gas stream may comprise O 2 molecules which will also partially oxidize the gas phase hydrocarbon molecules present in the first gas stream.
- the CO 2 introduced in the gasification and oxidation stages is proportioned to supplement the CO 2 generated by oxycombustion during said steps to provide the correct amount of oxidants corresponding to the reducing hydrocarbon molecules, in the redox reaction generating the third stream, that is to say during the mixing step.
- hydrocarbon molecules in the liquid phase may then be present with the fixed carbons (non-gasifiable raw materials) in the non-gaseous feedstock. These molecules will be totally oxidized, by 0 2 injected for this purpose. The oxycombustion of these molecules will instantaneously generate sufficient thermal energy in this oxidizing medium for the next gasifiable molecules to be gasified, also instantaneously.
- the process according to the invention may comprise a temperature control, for example by computerized regulation, during each of the steps of the process according to the invention which makes it possible to regulate the amount of each constituent of each of the reactions carried out: 0 2 injected during the gasification and oxidation steps, the gaseous oxidation flow, the gaseous effluent used during the gasification, etc.
- the process according to the invention comprises a mixture of the first gas stream and the second gas stream to obtain a third gas stream.
- the method according to the invention may further comprise cooling the third gas stream obtained after mixing (and the redox reaction) of the first gas stream with the second gas stream.
- This cooling makes it possible to carry out a recycling of the heat capacity (sensible heat) of the third gas flow and can advantageously be achieved by heat exchange with a gas flow of CO 2 .
- the gas flow C0 2 thus heated can advantageously be used as an oxidation gas stream, and / or optionally as a gaseous effluent for the temperature rise of the hydrocarbonaceous materials, when the step of supplying the hydrocarbonaceous materials to the temperature self-ignition is carried out by mixing said hydrocarbon materials with a gaseous effluent consisting of C0 2 .
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to recover the heat provided by the various reactions and to reuse this heat for the treatment of a new charge of hydrocarbon materials.
- the overall yield of the process according to the invention is thus improved.
- the method according to the invention may further comprise a separation of undesired molecules during or after the cooling step.
- a separation can be carried out by condensation of the S 2 molecules, for example at a temperature below 440 ° C. and H 2 0 molecules at a temperature below 50 ° C.
- the synthesis gas comprising carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H 2 ) present in the third gas stream, obtained by means of the process according to the invention, can be used in all existing systems with atmospheric combustion (oxidized under air) or in pure oxygen (oxycombustion) to obtain a gas stream comprising (or consisting of) of C0 2 and H 2 0.
- a gas stream comprising (or consisting of) of C0 2 and H 2 0 can be is reused in the process according to the invention or in a microalgae reactor for the cultivation of microalgae.
- a system for treating liquid and / or pasty hydrocarbonaceous materials, more particularly fuel oil, more particularly heavy fuel oil characterized in that it comprises:
- ⁇ a first gas stream at a temperature above or equal to 800 ° C comprising molecules of CO, H 2 0, and possibly H 2 and hydrocarbon molecules in the gas phase, and
- oxidation means for oxidizing said carbon elements in said non-gaseous feedstock with a gaseous flow, referred to as oxidation, at a temperature of between 500 ° C. and 800 ° C., consisting of C0 2 , and oxygen; (0 2 ), said oxidation producing a second gas stream consisting essentially of molecules of C0 2 , H 2 0 and optionally 0 2 at a temperature between 1000 ° C and 1200 ° C; and
- the means for supplying said hydrocarbonaceous materials at a temperature greater than or equal to the self-ignition temperature of said hydrocarbonaceous materials may comprise means for mixing said hydrocarbonaceous materials with a gaseous effluent.
- FIG. 1 is a representation of a system for treating hydrocarbonaceous materials according to the invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of an installation according to the invention implementing the system of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a second embodiment of an installation according to the invention implementing the system of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a system for treating liquid and / or pasty hydrocarbon materials, and more particularly for converting liquid and / or pasty carbonaceous materials into a high energy synthesis gas.
- the system 100 of FIG. 1 comprises an opening 102 for introducing hydrocarbonaceous materials onto one or more successive inclined perforated plates 104 intended to receive and distribute these liquid and / or pasty hydrocarbonaceous materials.
- the system 100 further comprises an opening 106 for introducing a gaseous effluent at a temperature of at least 300 ° C., which may be a gas stream consisting of C0 2 or an exhaust gas of a heat engine or fumes. industrial gases or polluted gaseous effluents, etc.
- the control of the temperature of the incoming gaseous effluent is carried out by a probe 108 acting on the means for regulating the temperature of said effluent.
- the system 100 further comprises an opening 110 for the controlled injection of pure oxygen into the gaseous effluent before the perforated plates 104 when the gaseous effluent does not have enough free oxygen, for example when the gaseous effluent is C0 2 pure.
- the introduction opening 106 of the gaseous effluent and the perforated plates 104 are arranged in such a way that the gaseous effluent to which oxygen is added passes through the perforated plates 104, through the perforations present in these plates 104, since anterior side to a posterior surface and mixes with the hydrocarbon materials on this posterior surface.
- the mixture of the gaseous effluent with the hydrocarbonaceous materials carries the latter at a self-ignition temperature of at least 200 ° C.
- the presence of free oxygen in the gaseous effluent makes it possible to initiate an oxycombustion reaction of the hydrocarbon compounds that are already at the autoignition temperature.
- the distribution of the hydrocarbon materials on the perforated plates 104 is carried out so that the quantity of said materials, deposited on at least the first plate 104, is completely oxidized (complete oxyfuel combustion) and that the energy delivered corresponds to that useful for raising the temperature of the the gaseous effluent at at least 800 ° C by the 0 2 contained in said gaseous effluent.
- the free oxygen of the gaseous effluent enters oxycombustion reaction with the hydrocarbon compound, itself brought to the temperature of its self-ignition by the hot gaseous effluent.
- This oxycombustion is controlled by the amount of free oxygen present in the gaseous effluent passing through the first perforated plate 104.
- the exotherm of this combustion contributes to raising the ambient temperature and that of the hydrocarbon material present on the second perforated plate 104.
- the energy generated by the oxycombustion gas ifies a portion of the hydrocarbon material present on the second plate 104, as well as a purpose of oxyfuel combustion if there is residual oxygen in the gaseous effluent after the first oxycombustion performed between the first two perforated plates 104.
- the amount of oxygen introduced through the orifice 108 can advantageously be defined so that there is an excess that oxidizes a portion of the hydrocarbonaceous material deposited on the second perforated plate 104 so that the energy delivered permits the gasification of a larger quantity of hydrocarbonaceous material deposited on a third (and possibly one-n-th) perforated plate 104.
- the repetitive oxidations are calculated and controlled so that the sum of the energies delivered make it possible to carry out the gasification. fast and complete vaporizers contained in the defined quantity of hy hydrocarbon to gasify in the lapse of time, this gasification producing:
- Non-gasifiable under the conditions of the process according to the invention materials commonly known as petroleum coke
- solid or pasty hydrocarbon molecules may also be present in this gasification residual. These materials are then at a temperature greater than or equal to
- the fact that the temperature of the first gas stream is greater than the temperature of the solid charge is explained by the fact that the elements oxygen, still present in the gaseous effluent, continue to oxidize gaseous hydrocarbon molecules after gasification of these molecules, downstream of the first perforated plates 104.
- the system 100 further comprises, downstream perforated plates 104, a zone 112 called homogenization chamber provided to accommodate the first gas stream and to achieve expansion and homogenization of the first gas flow temperature.
- This homogenization chamber 112 also comprises temperature probes 114, distributed on either side of the perforated plates 104, which control the rise of the temperature in the chamber 112 and between said perforated plates, when they have the purpose to allow additional oxycombustion that maintains the gasification temperature of the hydrocarbon materials. It is these temperature probes 108 and 14 that manage the electronic control of oxygen injection in the gaseous effluent through the injection opening 110 and by an injection opening 116 which opens into the homogenization chamber.
- the introduction of oxygen is proportioned to the amount of hydrocarbon materials and / or hydrocarbon compounds that are to be converted, in order to obtain a first gaseous flow in the homogenization chamber 112 at a temperature of at least 800 ° C. Examples of proportions of oxygen introduced at this stage are given later in the case of a particular example of hydrocarbon molecules.
- the system 100 further comprises an area 118, called the oxidation chamber, located at the bottom of the perforated plates 104 and into which said perforated plates 104 open.
- This oxidation chamber 118 is designed to accommodate the non-gaseous charge, namely the Pasty and / or solid filler obtained beforehand, after gasification of the gasifiable part of the hydrocarbonaceous materials, this non-gaseous filler flowing by gravity on the perforated plate 104 to fall by gravity in the oxidation chamber 118.
- the non-gaseous feed arriving in the oxidation chamber 118 is at a temperature above 400-500 ° C.
- the system 100 also comprises an opening 120 for introducing a gaseous flow, called oxidation, consisting of C0 2 and O 2 into the oxidation chamber 118.
- oxidation a gaseous flow
- the gaseous oxidation flow has the role of oxidizing, by O 2 molecules, non-gaseous hydrocarbon molecules comprising fixed carbon elements, in the non-gaseous feedstock that enters the oxidation chamber by gravity.
- the temperature of the chamber 118 is controlled by a probe 122 which acts on the admission of oxygen into said oxidation chamber via an injection opening 124.
- the introduction of pure oxygen into the oxidation chamber 118 is intended to achieve the oxycombustion of the hydrocarbon molecules in the chamber 118, this oxycombustion is complete, the result is the generation of a second gas stream composed of C0 2 and H 2 0 and optionally residual 0 2 at the temperature greater than or equal to 1200 ° C.
- This gas stream is thus coolant and reactive, its interaction / mixing with the first gas stream puts these two streams in a redox reaction condition.
- the pure oxygen introduced into the oxidation chamber 118 produces an exothermic oxidation of the carbonaceous and / or hydrocarbon molecules.
- the amount of oxygen introduced is controlled so that the contents of the oxidation chamber 118 are brought to a temperature of at least 1200 ° C.
- a complement of oxygen may be introduced by the same channel to provide, where appropriate, the thermal generation means useful for the compensation of the endothermy reduction of CO 2 by the reducing carbons of the first gas stream.
- proportions of oxygen introduced are given later in the case of a particular example of hydrocarbon molecules.
- the oxidation gas stream may be a preheated stream in order to reduce the quantity of oxygen injected into the oxidation chamber 118.
- Oxidation of the fixed carbons in the oxidation chamber 118 provides a second gas stream at a temperature greater than or equal to 1200 ° C, this gaseous flow comprises only C0 2 molecules and optionally H 2 0 molecules, oxygen molecules and sulfur molecules.
- the oxidation also provides solid, incombustible and non-gasifiable residues such as minerals contained in the hydrocarbon raw materials, which are removed from the system by gravitation at the bottom of the oxidation chamber 118 by an airtight mechanism (not shown).
- the system 100 further comprises an area 126, called a thermal conditioning chamber, which is the continuity of the oxidation chamber 118. It is configured to channel the flow of the second gas stream, generated in the oxidation chamber 118, to an area 128, called mixing chamber, where the mixing of the first gas stream and the second gas stream is carried out.
- a thermal conditioning chamber which is the continuity of the oxidation chamber 118. It is configured to channel the flow of the second gas stream, generated in the oxidation chamber 118, to an area 128, called mixing chamber, where the mixing of the first gas stream and the second gas stream is carried out.
- This thermal conditioning chamber 126 is the separation between the chambers 112 and 128, and is designed to constrain the flow of the first gas stream to the mixing chamber 128 by a tubular network 130 which passes through said conditioning chamber. 126 and allows the communication between the two chambers 112 and 128.
- the tubular network 130 is disposed in the longitudinal direction of flow, without deviation, from the chamber 112 to the chamber 128 and perpendicular to the direction of flow of the second gas stream from chamber 118 to chamber 128, which flow follows a deviated path.
- the role of the thermal conditioning chamber 126 is to carry out an indirect heat exchange, that is to say without contact, between the first gas flow and the second gas flow so that part of the heat of the second gas flow is transmitted to the first gas stream.
- the thermal conditioning chamber 126 is therefore a heat exchanger in which the temperatures of the first and second gas flows are homogenized before they are combined in the mixing chamber 128 for the final redox conversion phase of the CO 2 (oxidants) of the second gas stream. the hydrocarbon molecules (reducing) of the first gas stream.
- This thermal conditioning chamber 126 is composed of an envelope which forms a parallelepipedal box which occupies the entire surface of the system section. The volume of this box is closed on the 4 sides that follow the walls of the system 100, and the tubular network 130 is sealed on the side of the homogenization chamber 126.
- the parallelepiped box is not secured to the vertical walls and upper of the system, in order to allow the expansion of said box (a minimum passage of the first gaseous flow is thus allowed on either side of this volume) said volume is devoid of bottom thus allowing communication with the oxidation chamber 118.
- the wall of said parallelepiped box which separates the thermal conditioning chamber 126 from the mixing chamber 128 is configured for holding and expanding the tubes 132 forming the tube network 130 and arranged parallel to the direction of the first gaseous flow transiting the chamber homogenizing 112 to the mixing chamber 128, and perforated to allow the flow of the second gas stream, the conditioned chamber 126 in the mixing chamber 128.
- the tubes 132 are sealed tightly on the wall of the parallelepipedic envelope, on the side of the homogenization chamber 112, and just maintained on the side of the mixing chamber 128. These tubes thus pass through the thermal conditioning chamber 126 on the other side. part and are intended to channel the first gas stream and to allow the passage of this first gas stream from the homogenization chamber 112 to the mixing chamber 128 while performing a heat exchange with the second gas stream which is channeled through the parallelepipedic form.
- the wall in contact with the first gas stream coming from the homogenization chamber is at a temperature less than or equal to at 1200 ° C.
- the parallelepipedal envelope is fitted unsealed to the walls of the system to manage the expansions, a part of the gaseous assembly coming from the homogenization chamber 112 can therefore pass through these interstices where the heat exchange takes place in contact with the walls.
- of the envelope which channels the second gas flow at 1200 ° C.
- the first gas stream and the second gas stream are at a temperature greater than 1000 ° C. while arriving in the mixing chamber 128.
- the purpose of mixing the two gas streams is to complete the redox reaction by the hydrocarbon molecules found in the first gas stream:
- gaseous hydrocarbon molecules are eminently inflammable, thus able to interact with any available oxygen atom, in particular the oxidizing molecules,
- thermochemical reaction in the mixing chamber 128 controls and regulates the thermal needs and maintains the optimal conditions of the redox thermochemical reaction.
- the controls of the parameters of the thermochemical reaction in the mixing chamber 128 are made by a temperature probe 134.
- the mixing chamber 128 further includes a sample opening 136 for spectrometric analysis of the components of the third gas stream.
- Each of the temperature probes used in the system 100 may be an infrared temperature probe.
- the mixture of the two gas streams makes it possible to obtain a third gas stream, which is at a temperature of less than or equal to 1200 ° C. and which comprises molecules of CO, H 2 , H 2 O and optionally sulfur-based molecules of formulas. S x .
- the system 100 comprises an opening 138 for extracting the third gas flow from the mixing chamber 128 outside the system 100.
- the hydrocarbonaceous materials are brought to the autoignition temperature by mixing with a gaseous effluent.
- the hydrocarbonaceous materials can be brought to the autoignition temperature. by indirect heating, that is to say without mixing with a gaseous effluent, for example by means of the first perforated plate which can be heated and which then heats the hydrocarbon materials.
- the oxygen injection can be performed at the perforated plate, the perforations are no longer necessary.
- gaseous effl uent is an exhaust effluent and / or industrial smoke:
- the first gas stream comprises molecules of N 2 , O 2 , ⁇ , SO x , CO, CO 2 , H 2 O and gaseous hydrocarbon molecules. These molecules homogenize, in temperature and distribution, in the homogenization chamber before their aspiration into the mixing chamber;
- the second gas stream comprises molecules of CO 2 , O 2 , optionally H 2 O and optionally sulfur molecules of formulas SO x ;
- the third gas stream comprises molecules of N 2 , S 2 , CO, H 2 and H 2 O and sulfur molecules of formulas S x .
- the first gas stream comprises molecules of CO 2 , CO, H 2 O and gaseous hydrocarbon molecules. These molecules homogenize, in temperature and distribution, in the homogenization chamber before their aspiration into the mixing chamber;
- the second gas stream comprises molecules of CO 2 , O 2 , optionally H 2 O and optionally sulfur molecules of formulas SO x ;
- the third gas stream comprises molecules of CO, H 2 and H 2 O and sulfur molecules of formulas S x .
- no gaseous effluent is used to bring the hydrocarbon materials to the self-ignition temperature:
- the first gaseous stream comprises gaseous hydrocarbon molecules and CO and H 2 O molecules. These molecules homogenize, in temperature and distribution, in the homogenization chamber before they are drawn into the mixing chamber;
- the second gas stream comprises C0 2 molecules
- the third gas stream comprises molecules of CO, H 2 and H 2 O and sulfur molecules of formulas S x .
- the process according to the invention applies more particularly to all liquid and / or pasty materials whose hydrocarbon molecules are multi-carbon (C n ) lower and / or higher than Ci 6 .
- Carbon aerosol particles, CO and H 2 molecules can be found in the first gas flow depending on interactions and redox reactions related to the regulation of the temperature of the medium; depending on the temperature increases, H 2 0 can be reduced by (C) reducing agent (present in the aerosol gas stream after the oxy-dehydrogenation of the hexadecane molecule), this reaction being endothermic it regulates any increase Inadvertent temperature of the medium, the reaction stops as soon as the temperature drops below the threshold of reaction redox or that there is more reducing carbon.
- the first gaseous flow at a temperature> 800 ° C and the second gaseous flow at a temperature> 1200 ° C are introduced into the mixing chamber via a room called "thermal conditioning" (a heat exchanger open on the three rooms without direct communication between flows 1 and 2) where the temperature of the two flows will homogenize
- the sensible heat of the third gas stream represents an energy> 1114 kJ, recycled in the system for the cycle following this energy is deduced from that produced for the various actions / reactions, saving oxygen and hydrogen; the energy saved is reflected by additional H 2 molecules in the syngas, the PCS of these molecules carries the syngas SSC at 4117.70 kJ, or 99.99% of the potential energy of the raw material.
- the effluent used is an exhaust gas and / or industrial gaseous effluents from an atmospheric combustion of any fuel
- the effluent is at a certain temperature (therefore has a recyclable heat capacity) and will be heated to a temperature of at least 300 ° C if necessary
- the effluent is composed of N 2 , H 2 O, CO 2 , CO, O 2 , organic particles (most often carbonated, therefore combustible), NOx and possibly SOx
- the method according to the invention consists in carrying out a numerical analysis of the oxygen elements contained in the effluent, in the form of O 2 and / or elemental oxides and to establish the relationship between this digitization and the quantity of oxygen involved in the reaction described in the preceding paragraph, so that the proportion (and the corresponding volume of effluent) corresponds to a mole of Ci 6 H 34 .
- the reactions produce a first gas stream which comprises the same molecules as in the previous description with the nitrogen molecules (N 2 ) contained in the relative volume (to one mole of hexadecane) of initial effluent; to the molecule found in the natural N 2 form is added the nitrogen molecule, present in the effluent in the state of elemental oxide (NOx), which will eventually be (at this first redox reaction) reduced to contact of the mole of hexadecane, itself brought to the autoignition temperature by the gaseous effluent, by oxidizing the hydrogen of said molecule Ci 6 H 34 and thus achieving a part of exo-energetic oxido-dehydrogenation that the addition of oxygen generates in the preceding description.
- NOx elemental oxide
- Nitrogen will be a neutral "ballast" volume in the use that will be made of the syngas contained in said third stream. This volume can be proportionate at will by varying the proportion of initial effluent per mole of hexadecane downwards.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of an installation according to the invention implementing the system 100 of FIG. 1 in the case where the gaseous effluent is an exhaust gas.
- the installation 200 comprises: a supply circuit 202 of the exhaust gas in the system 100,
- the installation further comprises a heat exchanger 212, connected to the recovery circuit 210 to perform a heat exchange between the third gas flow and liquid or cold CO 2 .
- This heat exchange makes it possible to carry out:
- the sulfur molecules condensed / separated from the third gas stream are recovered by a recovery circuit 214, the condensed / separated water is recovered by a water recovery circuit 216 and the hot C0 2 obtained has entered the supply circuit 210 of the gaseous oxidation stream in the system.
- the heat exchanger 212 provides a fourth gas stream comprising only CO and N 2 molecules.
- the installation 200 furthermore comprises an electricity cogeneration device 218 in which the fourth gas stream is oxidized by pure oxygen O 2 and which supplies a fifth gas stream comprising only C0 2 and molecules of formulas N 2 .
- This fifth gas stream is supplied to a microalgae reactor 220 for the cultivation of microalgae and provides oxygen by photosynthesis and microalgae which represent biomass recoverable by combustion or treatment under C0 2 .
- the oxygen supplied by the microalgae reactor 220 can be reused in the method, system and installation according to the invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of another example of an installation according to the invention implementing the system 100 of FIG. 1 in the case where the gaseous effluent is a gaseous flow of pure CO 2 .
- the installation 300 shown in FIG. 3 is identical to the installation 200 of FIG. 2, except that the fourth gas flow comprises only CO and when it is operated under pure oxygen in the electricity cogeneration device. 218, the fifth gas stream comprises only C0 2 .
- this fifth gas stream which comprises only CO 2 is used in the microalgae reactor 220.
- Another part of the fifth gas stream comprising only CO 2 recovered by a recycling circuit 302, is reused as a gas stream and of oxidation and / or as a gaseous effluent in the system 100.
- the invention is not limited to the examples which have just been described.
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BR112014019751-2A BR112014019751B1 (pt) | 2012-02-09 | 2013-02-05 | Processo, sistema e instalação para tratamento de materiais hidrocarbonados líquidos e/ou pastosos |
| EP13708198.0A EP2812277A1 (fr) | 2012-02-09 | 2013-02-05 | Procede, systeme et installation de traitement de matieres hydrocarbonees liquides et/ou pateuses |
| US14/376,840 US9327971B2 (en) | 2012-02-09 | 2013-02-05 | Process, system and installation for treating liquid and/or pasty hydrocarbon materials |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1200387 | 2012-02-09 | ||
| FR1200387A FR2986800B1 (fr) | 2012-02-09 | 2012-02-09 | Procede, systeme et installation de traitement de matieres hydrocarbonees liquides et/ou pateuses |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2013117854A1 true WO2013117854A1 (fr) | 2013-08-15 |
Family
ID=47843327
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2013/050240 Ceased WO2013117854A1 (fr) | 2012-02-09 | 2013-02-05 | Procede, systeme et installation de traitement de matieres hydrocarbonees liquides et/ou pateuses |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9327971B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2812277A1 (fr) |
| BR (1) | BR112014019751B1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2986800B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2013117854A1 (fr) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB757333A (en) * | 1952-07-11 | 1956-09-19 | Montedison Spa | Improvements in and relating to the production of hydrogen and carbon monoxide synthesis gas |
| US3201215A (en) * | 1963-06-07 | 1965-08-17 | Chemical Construction Corp | Production of combustible gas |
| GB2125430A (en) * | 1982-08-13 | 1984-03-07 | Toyo Engineering Corp | Process for thermal cracking of heavy oil |
| US4725381A (en) * | 1984-03-02 | 1988-02-16 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Hydrogen streams |
| US6444179B1 (en) * | 1999-10-05 | 2002-09-03 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Autothermal reformer |
| US7494574B2 (en) * | 2002-01-23 | 2009-02-24 | Battelle Energy Alliance, Llc | Methods for natural gas and heavy hydrocarbon co-conversion |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3915840A (en) | 1974-05-24 | 1975-10-28 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Process for improving the octane number of cat cracked naphtha |
| US4070160A (en) | 1977-05-09 | 1978-01-24 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Gasification process with zinc condensation on the carbon source |
| US4265868A (en) | 1978-02-08 | 1981-05-05 | Koppers Company, Inc. | Production of carbon monoxide by the gasification of carbonaceous materials |
| US4382915A (en) | 1981-10-13 | 1983-05-10 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Quenching of ZnO-char gasification |
| US5213587A (en) | 1987-10-02 | 1993-05-25 | Studsvik Ab | Refining of raw gas |
| US20060130401A1 (en) | 2004-12-16 | 2006-06-22 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation | Method of co-producing activated carbon in a circulating fluidized bed gasification process |
| US8926717B2 (en) | 2007-07-27 | 2015-01-06 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Methods and systems for producing synthetic fuel |
| US7833315B2 (en) | 2008-02-26 | 2010-11-16 | General Electric Company | Method and system for reducing mercury emissions in flue gas |
| FR2941689B1 (fr) | 2009-01-30 | 2011-02-18 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede integre d'oxydation, reduction et gazeification pour production de gaz de synthese en boucle chimique |
-
2012
- 2012-02-09 FR FR1200387A patent/FR2986800B1/fr active Active
-
2013
- 2013-02-05 WO PCT/FR2013/050240 patent/WO2013117854A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2013-02-05 EP EP13708198.0A patent/EP2812277A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-02-05 BR BR112014019751-2A patent/BR112014019751B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2013-02-05 US US14/376,840 patent/US9327971B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB757333A (en) * | 1952-07-11 | 1956-09-19 | Montedison Spa | Improvements in and relating to the production of hydrogen and carbon monoxide synthesis gas |
| US3201215A (en) * | 1963-06-07 | 1965-08-17 | Chemical Construction Corp | Production of combustible gas |
| GB2125430A (en) * | 1982-08-13 | 1984-03-07 | Toyo Engineering Corp | Process for thermal cracking of heavy oil |
| US4725381A (en) * | 1984-03-02 | 1988-02-16 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Hydrogen streams |
| US6444179B1 (en) * | 1999-10-05 | 2002-09-03 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Autothermal reformer |
| US7494574B2 (en) * | 2002-01-23 | 2009-02-24 | Battelle Energy Alliance, Llc | Methods for natural gas and heavy hydrocarbon co-conversion |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2812277A1 (fr) | 2014-12-17 |
| FR2986800B1 (fr) | 2015-01-30 |
| US9327971B2 (en) | 2016-05-03 |
| BR112014019751A8 (pt) | 2017-07-11 |
| FR2986800A1 (fr) | 2013-08-16 |
| US20150014593A1 (en) | 2015-01-15 |
| BR112014019751B1 (pt) | 2021-08-10 |
| BR112014019751A2 (pt) | 2017-06-20 |
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