Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
  • F23C99/00—Subject-matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
  • F23C99/001—Applying electric means or magnetism to combustion
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
  • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel

Definitions

• the invention relates to a gas turbine according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and to a method for operating a gas turbine according to the preamble of patent claim 8.
• a fuel-air mixture is burned in a combustion chamber and the hot exhaust gas jet of a turbine supplied, by means of which the heat energy of the combustion is converted into mechanical energy.
• amount of fuel and air supply to the combustion chamber is so turned ⁇ assumed that the turbine produces the desired power at maximum efficiency and minimal mechanical stress Maier.
• Leitschaufein for example, so-called variable inlet guidean vanes
• Leitschaufein for example, so-called variable inlet guidean vanes
• torsional vibrations at the turbine can be minimized.
• combustion parameters may result in suboptimal efficiencies and power outputs. It is also known to influence by means of irradiated electromagnetic ⁇ shear fields, the flame shape in the combustion chamber by exerting force on the ionized gas of the flame to improve the combustion.
• the US 2012/0023950 Al discloses a so-called flame ⁇ holder for holding a flame, for example in a
• Combustion chamber of a gas turbine In the combustion chamber, a fuel-air mixture is burned, creating a flame in the combustion chamber.
• the gas turbine comprises a turbine means which is driven with ⁇ means of the combustion gases to produce mechanical energy.
• At least one emission device is provided for irradiating an electromagnetic field into the combustion chamber.
• the electromagnetic field may in this case an electromagnetic alternating field ⁇ table for holding, d. H . to guide the flame in the combustion chamber.
• the gas turbine combustor in a Brennkarmmergeophuse a off ⁇ clothing is provided.
• the gas turbine combustor also includes a bypass passage provided in the liner and configured to provide flow velocity control. allows an amount of supplied into a primary combustion zone via a Verwirbelungsselernent air by a portion of the air is passed through the bypass channel.
• the gas turbine combustor further comprises a floating body formed of a magnetic substance which is provided in the bypass passage to open the by pass channel ⁇ by the movement position of the float and close.
• an electro-magnetic coil is provided which is so vorgese ⁇ hen outside the Brennkanalgephinu- ses corresponding to the position of the floating body that it moves the float.
• DE 36 26 356 AI discloses a method for increasing the gas dynamics and noxious gas removal by additive interactions on elementary particles and electrical charges. The method is used for the aftertreatment of exhaust gas by magnetic interference are registered in the exhaust gas.
• DE 10 2007 046 931 A1 discloses a process for the neutralization of nitrogen oxides which are formed during the combustion of fuels in internal combustion engines.
• the decomposition of the nitrogen oxides is carried out by an electromagnetic alternating field, which is introduced into exhaust gas, which flows through a housing ⁇ .
• the present invention has for its object to provide a gas turbine according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method according to the preamble of claim 8 be that allow a particularly ver ⁇ low-wear turbine operation with the best possible efficiency and the best possible power output.
• a gas turbine having the features of patent claim 1 and by a method having the shopping ⁇ paint of patent claim 8.
• a gas turbine comprises a combustion chamber for combus ⁇ nen a fuel-air mixture, and a Turbinenein ⁇ direction, which is driven by the combustion gases to generate mechanical energy.
• the gas turbine comprises at least one emitting device for emitting an alternating electromagnetic field into the combustion chamber while introducing thermal energy.
• the regulation of the gas mixture in the described gas turbine can be designed for optimum efficiency and optimum power output towards thus without consideration must be made to the Flam ⁇ menstabiltician. Overall, such a turbine can thus be ⁇ with the smallest possible wear at optimum efficiency and optimal power output.
• the emitting device can be designed as an antenna, coil, capacitor plate or the like.
• Appropriate Insbesonde ⁇ e if the blasting device comprises at least one pair arranged on opposite sides of the combustion chamber coils, antennas or the like.
• the emission device with a transmission device for generating an electromagnetic alternating field, which is ideally coupled to an associated control device for driving the transmission device.
• the control device In order to determine how the electromagnetic alternating field has to be designed ide ⁇ alally to meet the current combustion parameters, it is expedient to couple the control device with at least one sensor for detecting an operating parameter of the gas turbine. For example, by measuring accelerations on the turbine rotor, or the torsion on the turbine rotor an oscillation of the flame can be detected and the alternating electromagnetic field are ⁇ accordingly adapted to counteract this. Also a direct measurement of the flame condition is possible.
• the control device for measuring an ONS Reflekti- and / or designed own transmission Schaff the AbstrahlVorrich ⁇ processing.
• Reflection resp. Transmission of the electromagnetic field which is coupled into the combustion chamber, depends on the continuous state of the flame. Insbesonde ⁇ e change with the flame temperature permittivity, dielectric loss and impedance of the gas in the Brennkam ⁇ mer, so that conclusions can be made on the flames state by observing the alternating electromagnetic field itself, so that a smoothing of Flammenoszillationen is possible.
• the invention further relates to a method for operating a gas turbine, in which a fuel-air mixture burned in a combustion chamber and the resulting combustion gases are fed to generate mechanical energy of a turbine device.
• a fuel-air mixture burned in a combustion chamber in which a fuel-air mixture burned in a combustion chamber and the resulting combustion gases are fed to generate mechanical energy of a turbine device.
• the energy supply via the combustion chamber volume does not have to be homogeneous. Under certain circumstances, it may be appropriate to Be if only a portion of a flame in the combustion chamber by applying to the alternating electromagnetic field thermal energy is supplied. In ⁇ play such a way flames border areas can be additionally listed zt hei to guarantee slightest ⁇ th a more homogeneous combustion.
• the frequency of the generated alternating field is preferably set as a function of at least one state parameter of the flame.
• the irradiation elekt ⁇ romagnetischer and hence thermal energy is made dependent on the combustion chamber in the current combustion state, so ⁇ that deviations can be corrected by a predetermined target state.
• an impedance of a Sendeein ⁇ direction to generate the alternating electromagnetic field as a function of at least one state parameter of the flame is adjusted.
• Combustion chamber are compensated, so that always the desired amount of energy can be supplied.
• the at least one state parameter of the flame can, as already described with reference to the gas turbine according to the invention, be determined by measuring at least one operating parameter of the gas turbine. Since pressure fluctuations in the combustion chamber directly affect the turbine means urr there example generate twists can ⁇ stood be concluded in the combustion chamber by measuring the TorsionsSullivans of the turbine rotor on the Flammenzu. Also pressure resp. Temperature measurements can be used here.
• FIGURE shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a gas turbine according to the invention.
• An indicated as a whole with 10 gas turbine comprises a door ⁇ binenech 12 and a compressor 14 which are arranged on a common shaft ge ⁇ sixteenth
• a combustion chamber 18 is supplied via a line 20, a fuel-air mixture, which is burned in the combustion chamber 18.
• the hot combustion gases enter the turbine unit 12 and drive the gas turbine 10.
• the compressor 14 By coupling with the compressor 14 additionally compressed air is conveyed through the turbine, which e ⁇ increases their efficiency.
• the described electromagnetic FeideinSpeise boots has a characteristic impedance, which is dependent on the geometry, the material of the combustion chamber 18 and the electrodes 24 and further from the frequency of the applied alternating electromagnetic field and the nature of the dielectric in the combustion chamber 18 between the electrodes 24. The latter is due to the properties of the gases in the
• Combustion chamber determined. In the non-ignited state is located in the combustion chamber, a cold gas mixture with a large proportion of air. In this state, the dielectric tendeziell has very low dielectric losses and a low relative permittivity, which leads to a very high impedance of the field-fed device.
• a medium with dielectric losses absorbs electromagnetic energy and converts it into heat.
• the energy required to prevent the oscillation is small when injected early, and when the absorption capacity of the gas mixture is high at the time of inception.
• Operating sensors of the gas turbine 10 can be used by existing sensors for accelerations, pressures, torsions at the turbine unit 12 and the like are coupled to the control unit 30 and evaluated by it.
• a trigger signal is given, which results in the high-frequency power being fed into the electrodes 24 in an impedance-matched manner by the high-frequency generator 26 (transmitter) and high-frequency generator 28 (front-end) with the correct timing, which results in a supporting electromagnetic field in the combustion chamber Heating field builds up.
• the electromagnetic properties of the electrodes 24 may be utilized in combination with front-end and transmitter in order to detect incipient Oszilla ⁇ functions. For this purpose, the reflection and transmission behavior of the electrodes 24 is continuously monitored.
• this behavior changes analogously to the fluctuation of the energy content in the combustion chamber and to the fluctuation of the degree of ionization. If an oscillation of the reflection / transmission behavior is registered, the radio frequency power, which is fed in via the electrodes 24, is provided with impedance matched by the transmitter and the front end, which in turn causes the desired structure of the heating field.
• the amplitude of the flame oscillation must be monitored in real time in order to detect periodic energy minima in the combustion chamber 18 at an early stage.
• the time of these minima is the time at which the high frequency energy must be fed in order to prevent the oscillation.
• Combustion chamber with a frequency of 20 Hz, ie a period of 50 ms, the combustion of the flames by means of magnetic heat energy. Idealized be seeks ⁇ , the duration of the negative half wave of Ver ⁇ combustion energy is then 25 ms. This means that via the electrodes 24 radio-frequency pulses of less than 25 ms in duration must be fed in time, ie during the negative half-wave of the Ve ⁇ combustion energy.
• the temporal Ge ⁇ accuracy should be at less than 5 ms.
• the resonance frequency for such oscillations can also be shifted by modulation of the energy content of the combustion chamber 18, so that regions in which the oscillation could occur due to mechanical resonances in the turbine can be avoided.
• an amount of energy must be made available, which causes the resonance condition for the flame resp. Turbulence formation is changed.
• the design of the field feed is to be made so that an optimal absorption of high-frequency injected energy in the ionized gas mixture of the combustion chamber 18 takes place.
• an electrode arrangement must be designed so that the largest possible volume of the flame is in the coupled electromagnetic alternating field.
• the electrode parts which may be designed, for example, in the form of capacitor plates, must be as close as possible to the flame area. For this reason, the material and the shape of the electrode arrangement should be selected so that they can withstand the high temperature. tures, pressures and the aggressive atmosphere in the combustion chamber.
• the field distribution can be and changes both in time and effort in space in real time, one by providing a plurality of Feldeinspeisevoriquesen of electrode 24, associated transmitters and front ends are available, each of which - are wells supplied with an individual high-frequency signal with indivi ⁇ vidual adjustable phase and amplitude, can .
• the field feed can be performed either so depending on the frequency that an electromagnetic near field in the combustion chamber forms (at nied ⁇ membered frequencies) or antenna-like, wherein an electromagnetic far-field is produced in the combustion chamber.
• the alternating field can be coupled by plates, capacitors, rods, antennas, or by waveguide feed.
• a two-part electrode assembly does not have to be designed symmet ⁇ opinionated, but can also assume other geometries.
• An electrode part can, for. B. also be formed by the metal housing of the combustion chamber 18.
• the transmitter (high-frequency source) must be set to provide a frequency that allows optimal absorption of the energy input. Since the absorption In combustion chamber 18 changes over time, the Fre ⁇ frequency must be dynamically adjustable.
• a gas turbine 10 is created that can be controlled without me ⁇ chanic control components in operation. High frequency energy is injected only when needed, whereby the energy dosage can be made depending on the operating point of the turbine. This makes it possible to choose the air and fuel supply so that an optimal efficiency of the turbine can be achieved.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

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Citations (4)

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• 2012
  • 2012-03-14 DE DE201210204022 patent/DE102012204022A1/de not_active Ceased
• 2013
  • 2013-03-08 WO PCT/EP2013/054681 patent/WO2013135568A2/fr not_active Ceased

Patent Citations (4)

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