Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
  • F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
  • F23G7/061—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating
  • F23G7/065—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating using gaseous or liquid fuel
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
  • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
  • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
  • F23C6/045—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure
  • F23C6/047—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure with fuel supply in stages
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23D—BURNERS
  • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
  • F23D14/46—Details
  • F23D14/48—Nozzles
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
  • F23C2201/00—Staged combustion
  • F23C2201/20—Burner staging
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
  • F23C2201/00—Staged combustion
  • F23C2201/30—Staged fuel supply
  • F23C2201/301—Staged fuel supply with different fuels in stages

Definitions

• the present invention is directed to a high efficiency low NO x emission burner apparatus and method.
• the present invention is directed to a thermal oxidizer burner apparatus and method which utilizes waste gas or tail gas from an independent source to achieve high efficiency and low emission of nitrogen oxides. DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART.
• Oxides of nitrogen form as a result of combustion emitting from burners.
• Various prior configurations and designs have been utilized in the past to increase the efficiency of thermal oxidizer burners and to reduce nitrogen oxides content of the flue gas effluent.
• oxides of nitrogen in flue gas effluent such as nitrogen oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (N0 2 ) and others which are together generally labeled NO x .
• a portion of the flue gas, waste or tail gas created by the combustion emitting from the burner is mixed and recirculated with inlet combustion air.
• European Patent No. 1,203,188 illustrates an example of premixing fuel with internally recirculated waste gases drawn from the furnace chamber and then recirculated.
• U.S. Patent No. 5,135,387 discloses a flue gas gathering member in a burner which forms a passage so that combustion air and recirculated flue gas are combined.
• the composition of the waste gas or tail gas will vary but in one non-limiting example would be 98% nitrogen with the balance being combustibles such as methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and various sulfur compounds. Because the waste gas or tail gas has little or no oxygen content, the introduction of waste gas or tail gas to the combustion air will influence the oxygen content.
• the recirculation of a portion of the waste or tail gas is known to decrease and/or control the amount of oxygen content in the combustion air. Decreasing the oxygen content decreases the partial pressure of oxygen, thereby reducing the rate of the reactions forming oxides.
• thermo oxidizer burner apparatus which utilizes flue gas from an external source separate from the ongoing combustion in the combustion chamber associated with the burner.
• the present invention is directed to a high efficiency low NO x emission burner apparatus.
• a plenum chamber includes an inlet for introduction of combustion air which moves into and through the plenum chamber.
• a combustion chamber is in fluid communication and connected to the plenum chamber.
• An inlet is in communication with one or more primary waste gas pipes in order to introduce waste gas or tail gas into the combustion chamber through the plenum chamber.
• the waste gas or tail gas will be delivered from an independent, external source not associated with the combustion herein.
• the primary waste gas pipe or pipes terminate in a lobed tip nozzle which extends from one end at the waste gas pipe to an opposed end terminating in a plurality of radially extending lobes symmetrically arranged around a center axis.
• a primary fuel gas line provides a source for fuel to the combustion reaction.
• the waste gas inlet is also in communication with a secondary waste pipe or pipes for introduction of a portion of the waste gas or tail gas into the combustion chamber so that the introduction of waste gas is staged.
• a secondary fuel gas line or lines are in communication with the combustion chamber for staged introduction of secondary fuel gas into the combustion chamber.
• Figure 1 illustrates a simplified schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of a high efficiency low NO x emission burner apparatus constructed in accordance with the present invention
• FIG. 2A illustrates a simplified view of the burner apparatus shown in Figure 1 from the combustion chamber into the mixing plenum and Figures 2B and 2C illustrate external views of the burner apparatus;
• Figures 3, 4 and 5 illustrate alternate views of a lobed tip nozzle of the burner apparatus shown in Figure 1 ;
• FIG. 6 illustrates an alternate preferred embodiment of the burner apparatus
• FIG. 7 illustrates a further alternate preferred embodiment of the burner apparatus.
• Figure 1 illustrates a sectional view of a first preferred embodiment of a high efficiency low NO x emission thermal oxidizer burner apparatus 10 constructed in accordance with the present invention.
• a substantially tubular or cylindrical plenum chamber 12 is provided although other configurations are possible.
• the plenum chamber 12 includes an inlet 14 for introduction of combustion air as illustrated by arrow 16.
• the combustion air may be drawn or forced into the combustion chamber through the plenum chamber 12 in a variety of ways.
• the combustion air moves into and through the plenum chamber 12 as illustrated by arrow 18.
• Various fans or other mechanisms along with controls may be used to force or induce combustion air through the plenum chamber 12.
• a combustion chamber 20 is in fluid communication with and connected to the plenum chamber 12. Thermal oxidation occurs in the combustion chamber.
• the combustion chamber 20 may be cylindrical or tubular or take other configurations. In a preferred arrangement, the combustion chamber is coaxial with the plenum chamber 12 although other configurations are possible.
• An inlet 28 is in communication with one or more primary waste gas pipes or tubes 30 in order to introduce waste gas or tail gas into the combustion chamber 20 through the plenum chamber 12 as illustrated by arrow 32.
• the waste gas or tail gas may be delivered from an independent, external source not associated with the combustion herein.
• a non- limiting example of a tail gas or waste gas from an independent source would be waste gas or tail gas from a sulfur recovery unit as a part of a petrochemical or natural gas processing plant.
• At least a portion of the primary waste gas pipe or pipes 30 may be coaxial with the cylindrical plenum chamber 12.
• the primary waste gas pipe or pipes 30 terminate in a lobed tip nozzle 34, to be described herein in detail, or terminate in an open ended device or other mixing device. Accordingly, primary waste gas is delivered and mixed with the combustion air through the plenum chamber 12.
• a primary fuel gas line or lines 40 provide a source for fuel to the combustion reaction. Natural gas or various other types of fuel might be employed within the spirit and scope of the invention.
• the waste gas inlet 28 is in communication with a secondary waste gas pipe or tube 50 for introduction of a portion of waste gas or tail gas into the combustion chamber 20. Accordingly, introduction of the waste gas or tail gas is staged.
• a secondary fuel gas line or lines 60 are in communication with the combustion chamber 20 for introduction of secondary fuel gas into the combustion chamber 20. Accordingly, introduction of fuel gas is staged. Natural gas or other various types of fuel might be employed within the spirit or scope of the invention.
• Refractory material or refractory tiles 52 may be used between the fuel gas lines.
• Figure 2A illustrates an end view taken from the combustion chamber 20 into the plenum chamber 12 of the apparatus 10 shown in Figure 1 while Figures 2B and 2C illustrate external views of the apparatus 10.
• Figures 3, 4 and 5 illustrate alternate views of the lobed tip nozzle 34 apart from the apparatus 10.
• the lobed tip nozzle 34 is connected at inlet end 42 to the primary waste gas pipe 30.
• the lobed tip nozzle 34 extends from the inlet end 42 at the primary waste gas pipe to an opposed outlet end 44 terminating in a plurality of radially extending lobes 36 symmetrically arranged around a center axis.
• the lobes 36 are rounded protuberances projecting radially outward from the axis.
• the primary waste gas flows through the nozzle 34 as illustrated by arrows 46.
• the cross-sectional area of the inlet end 42 of the lobed nozzle 34 is the same as the cross-sectional area of the outlet end 44 of the nozzle whereas the perimeter of the outlet end 44 is greater than the perimeter of the inlet end 42, thereby increasing the surface area of contact of both fluid streams passing through or surrounding the nozzle, in this case waste or tail gas and combustion air respectively, thereby increasing the rate of mixing of the two fluid streams.
• the secondary fuel gas from secondary fuel gas line or lines 60 mixes with combustion air and the primary fuel gas and waste gas before introduction of secondary waste gas. Accordingly, the arrangement of the present invention causes a thorough mixing of the combustion air, the fuel gas and the waste gas in order to better modulate, control and predict NO x , carbon monoxide and unburned hydrogen emissions from the combustion chamber.
• the arrangement disclosed in Figures 1 through 5 will tend to minimize carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbon emissions.
• Figure 6 discloses an alternate preferred embodiment 70 of the burner apparatus 10. The arrangement is similar to that in Figures 1 through 5 with the exception of the introduction of the secondary fuel gas and secondary tail gas or waste gas in conjunction with an alternate arrangement of refractory tile 62.
• the secondary fuel gas delivered through secondary fuel gas line 60 mixes with the secondary tail gas or waste gas through secondary waste gas pipe or pipes 50 and then simultaneously mixes with the combustion air, primary fuel gas and primary waste gas.
• Figure 7 illustrates a further, alternate preferred embodiment 80 of the present invention.
• the alternate embodiment shown in Figure 7 is similar to the arrangement of the foregoing with the exception of the secondary fuel gas and secondary waste gas introduction in conjunction with a further alternate arrangement of refractory tile 72.
• the secondary tail gas or waste gas delivered through secondary waste pipe 50 fully or partially mixes with the secondary fuel gas delivered through secondary fuel gas line 60 prior to or before mixing with the combustion air, primary fuel gas through primary fuel gas line 40 and primary waste gas from the primary waste gas pipe or pipes 30.
• the arrangement disclosed in Figure 7 will tend to minimize NO x emissions.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)

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• 2012
  • 2012-03-19 US US13/423,311 patent/US20130244187A1/en not_active Abandoned
• 2013
  • 2013-03-18 SG SG2014009435A patent/SG2014009435A/en unknown
  • 2013-03-18 WO PCT/US2013/032742 patent/WO2013142395A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2013-03-18 RU RU2014112338/06A patent/RU2564368C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2013-03-18 CN CN201380003234.5A patent/CN103842724B/zh active Active

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