WO2013144958A1 - Système de sécurité pour stations d'échange de batteries - Google Patents

Système de sécurité pour stations d'échange de batteries Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013144958A1
WO2013144958A1 PCT/IL2013/050279 IL2013050279W WO2013144958A1 WO 2013144958 A1 WO2013144958 A1 WO 2013144958A1 IL 2013050279 W IL2013050279 W IL 2013050279W WO 2013144958 A1 WO2013144958 A1 WO 2013144958A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vehicle
lane
bss
control system
modules
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IL2013/050279
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English (en)
Inventor
Yoav Heichal
Tal Agassi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Better Place GmbH
BETTER PLACE LABS ISRAEL Ltd
Original Assignee
Better Place GmbH
BETTER PLACE LABS ISRAEL Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Better Place GmbH, BETTER PLACE LABS ISRAEL Ltd filed Critical Better Place GmbH
Publication of WO2013144958A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013144958A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations

Definitions

  • This invention relates to battery switch stations (BSS) for electric vehicles. Particularly the invention is directed to techniques for improving safety of operation of BSS stations. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • Battery switch stations are generally designed to allow quick replacement of traction batteries of electric and/or hybrid vehicles (generally termed here interchangeably as vehicles or EVs). Replacement of EV traction batteries should preferably be performed within time scales of a few minutes in order to provide cost effectiveness and high throughput of vehicles in the BSS and also to supply efficient services to the vehicle users.
  • the battery exchange/service procedure e.g. battery switch process
  • the battery exchange/service procedure is an automated process carried out with minimal or no intervention of the vehicle's user during the process. Utilizing an automated procedure provides reliability and quick turnaround of battery replacement for multiple vehicles which is prone to delays which might result from unexpected actions of the vehicle's users/drivers.
  • a vehicle's user/driver is requested to drive the vehicle towards the battery switch lane and to neutralize the vehicle's operation before initiation of the battery switch process, and then, on completion of the switch process, the driver of the EV is requested to vacate the BSS lane by driving the vehicle out therefrom.
  • a vehicle's driver/user is not required to take actions to operate the vehicle during the battery switch process itself.
  • EV drivers may be directed to stay in their EVs throughout the battery switch process and then drive vehicles from the station/lane upon completion.
  • a BSS may include multiple elements of heavy machinery and high electric currents, very strict security protocols should be followed and enforced in order to prevent any injury to EV users and/or BSS personnel.
  • the present invention provides techniques for improving safe operation of BSS and improving the risk tolerance of the BSS to human misconduct/errors.
  • the present invention is directed to improve the safe operation of a BSS for reducing risks of inflecting injuries on personnel and vehicle users which violate various BSS safety regulations.
  • a BSS typically includes heavy duty machinery and high voltage electronics which may pose potential hazards to users/operators of the station operating in non-compliance with the safety regulations. It may therefore be desired to identify/detect safety hazards in the vicinity of the BSS lane and interrupt the operation of the BSS accordingly. For example, safety hazards may be identified if people are detected in the battery switching lane, if a vehicle's door is opened when the vehicle is in the lane, and/or in case of mis-positioning or improper operation of the vehicle located in the lane.
  • a battery switch station including: a service lane for moving a vehicle through one or more service posts of the BSS, operative modules for servicing the vehicle while on the lane, a detection system adapted to detect one or more safety hazards along the lane, and a control system connected to the detection system and to one or more of the operative modules.
  • the control system is configured and operable to be responsive to detection of one or more safety hazards for controlling operation of said one or more operative modules of the BSS by selectively disrupting or actuating normal operation of at least one of the operative modules.
  • the control system may be configured and operable to carry out at least one of the following:
  • a vehicle's transportation module associated with the service lane and being configured to engage with the vehicle and move it through the lane.
  • the control system operates to selectively disrupt normal operation of the vehicle's transportation upon detecting the one or more safety hazards along the lane.
  • One or more alignment modules which are located along the lane and adapted to engage with the vehicle to adjust its position.
  • the control system operates to selectively disrupt normal operation of said one or more alignment modules upon detecting the one or more safety hazards along the lane or enable normal operation of one or more of the alignment modules in the absence of detection of the safety hazards.
  • the control system operates to selectively disrupt normal operation of at least one of the modules of the battery switch post upon detecting one or more safety hazards along the lane.
  • Operative modules of a cleaning post for cleaning a battery bay located at the bottom of the vehicle operates to selectively disrupt normal operation of at least one of the modules of the cleaning post upon detecting the one or more safety hazards along the lane.
  • the control system operates to selectively disrupt normal operation of the one or more service posts by electrically disconnecting said one or more electric modules upon detecting an electrocuting hazard.
  • the BSS may include any one or more of the following detection systems: 1. Obstruction detection system configured and operable to detect a safety hazard manifested by the presence of one or more obstructions in the vicinity of the service lane and outside a vehicle being serviced; u. Position detection system configured and operable to identify a safety hazard manifested by mis-positioning of a vehicle being serviced along the battery service lane (i.e. battery switch lane);
  • Weight detection module detecting the position of the vehicle wheels at certain locations along the battery service lane.
  • Vehicle status detection system e.g. a communication system
  • vehicle controller located onboard the vehicle for receiving therefrom data indicative of an operational and safety state of the vehicle.
  • the control system selectively operates the operative modules of the BSS to disrupt normal operation of the BSS and/or operate one or more safety modules of the BSS, such as operating vehicle barriers for preventing undesired motion of the vehicle in the lane.
  • the control system may enable normal operation of operative modules of the BSS (such as alignment modules) only in response to negative detection of the one or more safety hazards.
  • the control system may selectively activate sliding operation of one or more tire alignment modules of the BSS only upon detecting that vehicle tires are located on the tire alignment modules.
  • the BSS includes at least one user interface module that is adapted for providing to a user of a vehicle, which is in the BSS lane, with instructions for conducting the vehicle through the lane.
  • a user interface module may include auditory and/or visually informative modules/utilities.
  • the BSS includes an obstruction detection system and/or a positioning detection system which includes an optical system accommodated such that the lane is at least partially in a field of view of the optical system.
  • the control system is configured and operable for receiving and processing data acquired by the optical system and determining a safety hazard in the lane.
  • the optical system may for example include one or more optical transmitters and optical receivers.
  • the optical transmitters are configured and operable for projecting light beams across the battery service lane and the optical receivers are configured and operable for detecting light originating from these light beams (e.g. reflected/transmitted through obstacles in the lane) and providing data indicative thereof to the control system.
  • the control system is configured and operable for processing such data and determining any safety hazard located in the lane.
  • BSS includes a positioning detection system including one or more sensors adapted for determining the position of a vehicle along the BSS lane.
  • the sensors may for example include one or more of the following: proximity sensors, electro-magnetic sensors, light sensitive modules, weight modules and imaging modules.
  • the control system may be adapted to acquire data indicative of the type of vehicle being at the BSS lane and to process such data together with data from the one or more sensors to determine the extent of the vehicle's position in said lane.
  • the one or more operative modules of the BSS may include tire alignment modules configured for sliding movement.
  • the control system may include a weight activated controller associated with a weight detection module and configured for operating the tire alignment modules to selectively enable or prevent sliding movement of at least one of the tire alignment modules in response to weight applied to the weight detection module.
  • the sliding movement may be enabled only upon detection of a vehicle on the weight detection module.
  • the weight activated controller may for example include a mechanical mechanism configured to releasing and activating sliding operation of one or more tire alignment modules in response to weight applied to the weight detection module.
  • the BSS includes a communication system configured and operable as a vehicle status detection system and adapted for receiving from a vehicle in the BSS lane, vehicle operational data.
  • vehicle operational data may be indicative of any one or more of the following: the state of the vehicle's doors; activation state of the vehicle, gear state of the vehicle; break and hand brake states of the vehicle; position of an ignition key of the vehicle; and operation state of internal high-voltage switches of the battery installed in the vehicle.
  • the vehicle operational data is received by the communication system and provided to the control system.
  • the control system is configured and operable to process such vehicle operational data to determine any safety hazard manifested by improper operation of the vehicle while on the lane. Accordingly, the control system may carry out operation to disrupt or allow the normal operation of one or more of the BSS modules.
  • a safety system for use in battery switch stations.
  • the safety system includes a control system configured and operable for communication with a detection system which is located at the BSS.
  • the detection system is configured and operable to detect one or more safety hazards along the lane and the control system is responsive to such detection of safety hazards to selectively disrupt or actuate normal operation of at least one of the operative modules of the BSS.
  • the present invention provides novel techniques for detecting various types of hazards at battery switch stations and for controlling the operation of various modules of the battery switch stations to eliminate, or at least reduce, risks associated with such safety hazards.
  • a person of ordinary skill in the art would readily appreciate that various modifications may be applied to the techniques disclosed herein without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • Fig. 1A is a block diagram illustrating safety system 200 according to the present invention configured for use in conjunction with BSS 100;
  • Fig. IB is an exploded view of a BSS 100 according to the present invention integrated with modules of the safety system 200 of Fig. 1A.
  • Fig. 1A is a block diagram illustrating the safety system 200 according to the invention, configured and operable for use in conjunction with BSS 100.
  • Fig. IB is an exploded view of a BSS 100 according to the present invention integrated with the safety system 200.
  • the BSS 100 includes a vehicle/service lane 110 along which EVs are transported between various battery servicing posts.
  • the BSS 100 includes heavy mechanical instrumentation and high voltage electrical devices which may pose potential hazards to users/personnel violating the BSS's safety regulations.
  • the BSS 100 includes two vehicle servicing posts including a cleaning post 150 that is adapted for underbody cleaning of the battery and battery bay region of an EV 300 and a battery swap/switch post 160 at which the vehicle's battery may be switched with a fully/partially charged battery.
  • the vehicle is typically transported along the BSS service lane 110 and between posts (e.g. 150 and 160) by means of a transportation assembly (machinery) 140.
  • Transportation assembly 140 may include for example a wheel engagement assembly 144 that is coupled to an actuation assembly 146.
  • the wheel engagement assembly 144 is furnished in the present example with wheel grabbing/lifting arms which are configured and operable to controllably engage with the wheels of a vehicle for transporting the vehicle through the BSS lane 110.
  • wheel engagement assembly 144 is mounted on a leading- rail/track 142 that placed along the sides of the lane 110.
  • the BSS 100 may also include a vehicle positioning assembly 130 that is configured and operable to direct and lead the vehicle to the battery servicing post 160 with a precisely aligned position (of up to 6 degrees of freedom) with respect to a battery exchange machinery (not specifically shown) that is adapted for replacing the vehicle's battery and accommodated at that post 160 (e.g. below the floor doors 162).
  • a vehicle positioning assembly 130 that is configured and operable to direct and lead the vehicle to the battery servicing post 160 with a precisely aligned position (of up to 6 degrees of freedom) with respect to a battery exchange machinery (not specifically shown) that is adapted for replacing the vehicle's battery and accommodated at that post 160 (e.g. below the floor doors 162).
  • battery switch stations and/or modules thereof with which the techniques (systems and/or methods) of the present invention may be incorporated for improving its safe operation, re disclosed in co-pending Israeli patent application No. 218924, captioned "Battery exchange system and method for electric vehicles” filed on March 29, 2012, which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • a battery exchange machinery e.g. battery switch module
  • battery switch module which may be used in the battery switch stations is disclosed for example in co-pending Israeli patent application No. 218870, captioned "Battery switch module ", filed on March 27, 2012, and incorporated herein by reference.
  • the vehicle positioning assembly 130 may include side- alignment modules 132(exemplified in this figure from only one side of the lane 110) which are adapted to extend and protrude from the sides of the lane to position the vehicle (at its yaw angle) by engaging and pushing the vehicle's wheels from the sides.
  • the vehicles wheels are located on positioning- /wheel-sliders 136 which allow the wheels to slide in the lateral direction thereby enabling smooth positioning and alignment of the vehicle with reduced friction.
  • the positioning and alignment assembly may also include vertical alignment modules 134 configured for lifting and/or orienting the vehicle with respect to its pitch and roll angles.
  • the alignment bars 138 which are arranged along the lane are configured and operable for engaging with the vehicle/wheels to direct the vehicle to the proper course.
  • the BSS instrumentation listed above including the various positioning and alignment modules (130-138), the transportation assembly/modules (140-146) as well as the service posts (150 & 160) present heavy duty mechanical instrumentation of the BSS 100 which generally operate by exerting substantial forces to direct, position and align the vehicle 300 along the BSS lane 110. Additionally, the operation of such instrumentation may be associated with high electric voltages which may also pose risks to people violating safety regulations. Accordingly, when battery switch is in process, this instrumentation may present various hazards to persons in the vicinity of the battery service/switch lane 110.
  • the BSS equipment resides under the BSS lane level.
  • the floor doors of the BSS may be opened, presenting a risk to people (users/personnel) falling into the lower parts of the BSS.
  • driver or passengers of the vehicle may try to exit the vehicle and may be harmed by the BSS lane machinery.
  • the present invention is directed to detecting potential risks which may be caused by various modules of this instrumentation, and to react accordingly to reduce or eliminate such risks.
  • Some of the possible hazards which may occur in the BSS environment and which may be detected by various embodiments of the safety system 200 of the invention are listed for example in the following.
  • the cleaning post 150 may include injection ports for injecting cleaning fluid (water and or detergents) with possibly high pressure and/or high temperature.
  • the cleaning fluid may typically be injected upwards for cleaning the underbody of the vehicle (e.g. cleaning a vehicle's battery or a battery cover to prepare for battery replacement).
  • the cleaning post 150 is operated when a vehicle is not located directly above it, it may present a hazard to people in its vicinity.
  • the transportation and vehicle positioning assemblies, 140 and 130 are generally configured to mechanically engage with the vehicle (typically with its wheels but may be with other parts thereof) and apply strong forces thereon for dragging/transporting the vehicle through the lane 110 and for aligning the vehicle to a desired battery switch position. This may present a hazard to people in the vicinity of different parts of these mechanical assemblies 140 and 130 as they may be caught or injured by the heavy mechanical instrumentation.
  • the wheel-sliders 136 of the positioning/alignment modulel30 which may include an arrangement of rollers (e.g. rolling cylinders) and/or conveyor mechanism, may typically be slippery to persons incidentally passing thereon.
  • the battery switch post 160 typically includes one or more floor doors 162 (four sliding doors are illustrated in Fig.
  • IB which are adapted to open, when the vehicle is positioned thereabove to expose battery switch instrumentation for switching the vehicle's battery.
  • the doors may be opened to variable extents, allowing to service vehicles of various types and sizes.
  • Floor door openings present a hazard of people falling therethrough in case a vehicle is not located thereabove and/or in case the doors are opened to an extent exceeding the vehicle's perimeter.
  • a driver of the vehicle 300 is requested to remain in the vehicle during the battery switch process (e.g. battery exchange procedure). This may for example shorten the turnaround time of the battery switch by allowing the driver to vacate his vehicle immediately upon completion of the battery switch.
  • a driver being inside his vehicle, presents a human factor which may also cause and/or be exposed to hazardous situations.
  • the driver remains in control of the vehicle during the battery switch process, he thus might erroneously operate his vehicle 300 in a manner presenting risk to people in the vicinity of the lane 110 or to damage the BSS 100 itself.
  • the driver may also exit the vehicle 300 during the switch process and may thereby be at risk himself if the BSS 100 is in operation.
  • the present invention provides a safety system 200 which is configured and operable to eliminate or at least diminish some of the risks resulting from the above listed hazards in a BSS.
  • the safety system 200 may be included with the BSS 100 and/or its modules/elements integrated with modules of the BSS 100.
  • the safety system 200 includes a control system 210 and at least one detection system 215 connectable to the control system 210.
  • the detection system 215 is configured and operable to detect one or more of the above listed safety hazards along the battery service lane 110 of BSS 100.
  • the control system 210 is responsive to detection of one or more safety hazards by the detection system 215 and is configured and operable to disrupt normal operation of the BSS 100 in response to such detection.
  • the control system 210 includes a computerized system for example including a processor 212 (e.g. CPU) and storage module/memory 214. Alternatively or additionally, the control system 210 may include mechanical assembly 216 for disrupting operation of one or more of the BSS modules upon mechanical detection of certain hazards.
  • the detection system 215 may include various types of detection modules which may be based on one or more of the following detection technologies: visual detection, electro-magnetic (EM) detection, weighting, distance measurements (for example by using impedance based or magnetic sensors) and more.
  • the detection system 215 includes an obstruction detection system 220 that is configured and operable to detect a safety hazard manifested by the presence of one or more obstructions in the vicinity of the service lane and outside a vehicle being serviced.
  • obstructions may for example include person(s) at the battery service lane 110, opening of the vehicle's door during servicing and/or other obstructions.
  • the obstruction detection system 220 includes one or more EM transmitters 222 and one or more EM receivers 224 which are configured and operable for transmitting EM radiation (e.g. light) and detecting the radiation reflected or scattered from the vicinity of the BSS lane. The detected radiation is then analyzed (e.g. by a controller of the detection system 220 itself and/or by the control system 210) to detect/identify obstacles/obstructions located along the battery service lane 110.
  • EM radiation e.g. light
  • various known in the art detection systems may be used according to the invention for detecting people and/or obstructions in forbidden areas of the BSS.
  • infra red laser scanning may be used to detect if a person is located in a forbidden area.
  • Sensor(s) of the infra-red laser scanning system may be configured to detect beams reflected from persons/obstructions in forbidden area(s) and activate an alarm in response thereto.
  • Other types of such detection systems may also be alternatively or additionally utilized.
  • heat emission may be used to detect people in forbidden areas, and also radar transceivers may be utilized to transmit radio waves, receive and analyze their reflections, and detect people in unauthorized areas by utilizing the Doppler effect detection(change in return wave frequency).
  • the obstruction detection module 220 includes a set of laser (e.g. a laser array being example of transmitters 222) or other optical transmitters and a set of one or more receivers 224 such as light sensitive modules, CCD cameras and/or other imagers.
  • a set of laser e.g. a laser array being example of transmitters 222
  • receivers 224 such as light sensitive modules, CCD cameras and/or other imagers.
  • the transmitters 224 are arranged to produce light beams that surround the lane
  • the control system 210 is configured and operable to process the detected signals by utilizing data indicative of the type/size of the vehicle located in the lane 110 and thereby distinguish and identify obstacles in the lane which are not part of the vehicle.
  • the exact size of the EV may be fixed (e.g.
  • the control system 210 may determine the existence of foreign obstructions (e.g. people, vehicle's opened doors) in the vicinity of the lane 110.
  • foreign obstructions e.g. people, vehicle's opened doors
  • control system 210 may be responsive to signals/data indicative of detected obstruction/interference in or near the lane 110 and may be configured and operable to interrupt and/or stop the BSS operation the until interference is resolved (the interfering obstruction is removed) and the BSS operator may resume operation.
  • the obstruction detection module 220 may be used in some embodiments of the invention to detect the vehicle's position along the BSS lane 110.
  • the obstruction detection module 220 may be configured and operable in accordance with any suitable range detection technique (e.g. laser based range detection) to determine information/ positioning-data indicative of the location of the vehicle with a.
  • a control system e.g. 210 or other controller
  • the obstruction detection module 220 may utilize the vehicle positioning data together with information regarding the type/model of the vehicle to determine the positioning of the vehicle's battery or battery bay with respect to one or more service posts (e.g. 150 and/or 160) in the lane 110. This technique may be used to safely control the operation of the BSS 100 in accordance with the vehicle's position.
  • the detection system 215 includes one or more positioning detection module(s) which may include vehicle position detection module 240 and/or wheel positioning detection module 230 and/or the obstruction detection module 220.
  • the positioning detection module(s) are configured and operable to identify safety hazard(s) manifested by mis- position of a vehicle being serviced, and/or mis-positioning of the vehicle's wheels with respect to various posts along the battery service lane 110.
  • a vehicle position detection module 240 is employed and may include multiple sensors 242, such as proximity/pressure sensors, that are disposed along or in the vicinity of the battery service lane 110.
  • the sensors 242 may be adapted to sense the vehicle in their proximity and provide positioning data (e.g. signals) that are indicative of the vehicle's position and are sufficiently accurate (e.g. with accuracy range of a few tens of centimeters and preferably a few centimeters or less) to enable prevention of hazards resulting from vehicle mis-positioning.
  • the vehicle position may be determined utilizing a wheel positioning detection module 230 that is configured and operable for detecting the position of at least one of the vehicle's wheels.
  • Wheel positioning detection module 230 may be coupled for example to the vehicle transportation assembly 140 of the BSS 100 and configured to determine the position/state of the transportation assembly 140 which is in turn indicative of the vehicle/wheels position.
  • electronic sensors such as electric and/or impedance and/or magnetic sensors; not shown
  • the rail 142, actuation assembly 146 and/or wheel engagement assembly 144 may be coupled to any one of the rail 142, actuation assembly 146 and/or wheel engagement assembly 144 to determine the position of the wheel engagement assembly 144 and thereby determine positioning data indicative of the position of the vehicle or at least one wheel of the vehicle.
  • the control system 210 may utilize the positioning data/signals obtained from any of the vehicle/wheel position detection modules 240 and 230 and/or from the obstruction detection module 220 to determine the vehicle's position in the lane 110 and possibly also to determine/approximate the extent of the vehicle in the lane (back to front extent) and/or the location of the battery bay of the vehicle. As noted above determining the location of the vehicle's battery-bay may be achieved by utilizing additional information regarding the type of the vehicle.
  • the control system 210 may be configured and operable to disrupt normal operation of the BSS in accordance with the determined/estimated positioning data.
  • control system may halt the operation of the BSS or some modules thereof and/or operate one or more safety modules, such as lifting safety barriers 260 to reduce and/or prevent damages.
  • the BSS may include an imager (e.g. CCD camera) imaging the underbody of an EV at the BSS lane.
  • the imager may be connectable to an image analysis controller and configured and operable for analyzing image data received therefrom to determine the EV's alignment with BSS machinery.
  • the analysis controller may be part of the control system and/or associated therewith allowing the control system to interrupt/alter the BSS operation upon detection of misalignment of the EV.
  • an imaging system may also be used to provide damage detection to the EV and determine whether the state of the EV's underbody allows switching the EV's battery. Additionally, such an imaging system may also serve during battery cleaning for detecting when the battery is clean and possibly save battery cleaning time and improve the BSS vehicle throughput.
  • control system 210 may be configured and operable to enable normal operation of certain modules of the BSS 100 only in response to negative detection of one or more safety hazards (for example only when detecting that the vehicle is in the desired position, the vehicle doors are closed and no obstacles/people are detected in the lane 100).
  • control system 210 may be configured and operable for controlling the operation of the cleaning post 150 only when the vehicle is located thereabove (e.g. extending thereabove entirely) to thereby prevent hot/pressurized water/detergents from harming the surroundings.
  • control system 210 may be configured and operable for controlling the operation of the battery swap post 160, for example to open the floor doors 162 only to the extent covered by the vehicle and thereby prevent falling/tripping thereon.
  • control system may operate the transportation and alignment assemblies, 140 and 130, or certain modules thereof only when detecting no obstructions in the lane 110 thereby safely operating vehicle movement in the lane 110 while reducing risk to harm people on the lane 110 and/or damage the BSS 100/vehicle 300 due to obstacles in the lane 110.
  • the detection system 215 includes weight detection module 250.
  • the weight detection module is configured and operable for detecting the position of one or more of the vehicle's wheels pressing at certain specific locations along the battery service lane 110. This thereby enables activation of certain of the BSS modules, such as wheel-sliders 136, only when the vehicle wheels are located thereon.
  • the weight detection module 250 and possibly also a control system 210 coupled thereto may be configured as electric modules, mechanical modules, hydraulic/pneumatic modules as well as a combination of such modules.
  • the BSS may include wheel-sliders 136 which may be part of the alignment assembly 130 and/or part of the sliding floor doors 162.
  • the wheel-sliders 136 may typically include a set of rolling cylinders and/or low friction conveyor which allows a vehicle wheel located thereon to slide with low friction (e.g. in the lateral direction of the lane 110) with respect to the wheel-sliders 136. This allows the vehicle's alignment (with respect to the Yaw axis) at the entrance of the lane and /or allowing sliding doors 162 to slide beneath the vehicle's wheels with minimal friction from the tires.
  • the wheel- sliders 136 are coupled, in some embodiments of the invention, with the weight detection module 250, which is responsive to the weight applied on the wheel-sliders 136.
  • the weight detection module 250 may for example include an electronic weight and/or a mechanical weight which is adapted to carry vehicle loads and to allow release of the low friction wheel-sliders 136 only when such loads (e.g. of a few hundreds of kilograms or more) are applied to the wheel-sliders 136.
  • a mechanical type weight detection module 250 may include a set of vertical springs which carry the wheel-sliders 136 (e.g. coupled to a frame upon which the rolling cylinders of a wheel-slider 136 are mounted).
  • the frame may also be coupled to a control system 210 which in this example includes a mechanical module 216 including a breaking/locking system (e.g. including brake-pads and/or locking gears etc.) for locking the rolling cylinders of the wheel-sliders 136.
  • the control system 210 may also include a mechanical displacement actuator (e.g.
  • a push-rod and/or a gear system and/or an eccentric-mechanism/shaft which is coupled to the breaking system and to at least one of the frame of the rolling cylinders and the springs upon which the frame is mounted.
  • the operation and configuration of the displacement actuator is such that the braking system is released only when the springs are pressed to a certain degree which is indicative of a vehicle weight located thereon.
  • the springs may be configured with spring constants that are selected such that braking is released only when sufficient weight (e.g. lOOKg or more) is applied to the wheel-sliders 136.
  • the weight detection module 250 is directly or indirectly coupled to the locking mechanism (e.g. to the braking pads of the braking system).
  • control system 210 (including such a locking mechanism) is configured for braking/locking the wheel-sliders 136 in cases where low weights, which are less than a weight a vehicle applies to one wheel, are applied on the wheel-sliders 136.
  • the weighting detection module 250 and the control system 210 are configured such that the force required to release the cylinders to move is in the order of a few hundreds of kilograms. Namely, in the mechanical example above, it corresponds to the force that is needed to contract the springs to the point where they release the cylinders. Accordingly, a person standing on these cylinders would not contract the springs sufficiently to release the locking/braking on the cylinders and thus would not slip, while an EV would provide enough force to the springs and release the lock/brake. This also protects service and maintenance personnel present in the BSS lane during time of maintenance.
  • control system 210 may include a mechanical assembly, such as that described above.
  • control system 210 and the weight detection module 250 or both may include electric modules that may be respectively configured and operable for weight detection and for locking/braking the wheel-sliders 136 when insufficient weight is applied thereto.
  • the wheel-sliders 136 may be mounted on an electric weighting module 250 that is configured to provide, to the control system 210, data/signals indicative of the weight measured thereby.
  • the control system 210 may include an electric controller connectable to an electrically operated braking /locking system that is coupled to the cylinders of the wheel-sliders 136. The controller may utilize electric signals/data to engage and/or release the electrically operated braking/locking system based on the weight detected by the electric weighting module 250.
  • the BSS 100 provides the user/driver of the vehicle with operational instructions regarding actions/operations that should be carried out by the driver and/or regarding the state at which the vehicle 300 should be at during various stages of the battery switch process.
  • the user/driver should follow these instructions in order to safely operate the vehicle 300 during the switch process. For example the user may be requested not to drive the vehicle through the lane 100 and/or to neutralize certain controls of the vehicle, maintain the vehicle doors closed etc.
  • control system 210 is configured and operable to verify that the vehicle's operation and state complies with the stage of the battery service procedure at which the vehicle is being serviced.
  • control system 210 may be adapted for obtaining (e.g. from the vehicle's controller/on-board computer) data indicative of the vehicle's operational state and determine if the vehicle's operational state is in agreement with the current stage of the battery service procedure at which the vehicle is being serviced (e.g. verifying that the driver of the vehicle complies with the operational instructions provided to him).
  • the control system may also be configured to interrupt or stop the normal operation of one or more of the BSS modules in cases where it is determined that the vehicle is not being properly operated (e.g.
  • the control system may operate to interrupt the operation of only those posts which service the safety violating vehicle, or only those posts in which continued operation may present risks (e.g. according to the safety violation scenario).
  • the vehicle should be operated in one or more operational states corresponding to different stages of the battery switch process and/or different positions along the lane 110.
  • the EV has to be driven through the lane while during other stages it should be shut down and/or neutralized (e.g. put in neutral gear state, release of brakes/hand-brakes, maintain closed vehicle-doors) etc.
  • the detection system 215 includes a vehicle status detection system (hereinafter also referred to as communication utility) 280 that is configured and operable for communicating with a vehicle's onboard controller 310 for receiving therefrom information regarding the vehicle's operational state (e.g. of operational parameters of the vehicle).
  • vehicle status detection system hereinafter also referred to as communication utility
  • the communication utility 280 may for example include wireless communication modules, such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi, to communicate with the vehicle's on-board computer 310.
  • the on-board computer 310 may in turn be configured and operable to respond to such communication by sending to the communication utility 280 data indicative of the vehicle's operational state.
  • the network address/identifier of the on-board computer 310 of the vehicle 300 being serviced may for example be obtained via vehicle identification procedure occurring at the entrance to the battery service lane 110 (e.g. through image identification of the vehicle and/or near field communication with the vehicle).
  • the communication utility 280 is configured and operable for receiving from the on-board computer 310 vehicle's operational state data indicative of certain parameters of the vehicle's state such as the state of the vehicles doors, gear, brakes etc.
  • the control system 210 being responsive to such vehicle's state data, may compare this data with the state at which the vehicle should be maintained during the current phase/stage of the battery switch process and thereby determine if the vehicle is being properly operated (e.g. in accordance with operational instructions which are provided to the vehicle's user).
  • control system 210 may be operated to interrupt/disrupt the BSS's operation and/or operate protective measures, such as vehicle barriers 260 in order to reduce potential hazards.
  • An important safety aspect of a battery switch process is to ensure that the battery high voltage (HV) connector is not energized before the battery is removed from the EV.
  • the battery has internal contactors/switches that open before the battery is switched. In case these internal contactors/switches fail, the HV connector is energized and powerful sparks and plasma arc may be generated between vehicle and battery upon disconnection of the HV connector from the battery.
  • the control system is configured and operable for communicating with the EV's onboard computer for receiving therefrom information about failure in the internal contactors of the battery. Upon detecting such failure, the control system may operate to interrupt the battery switch procedure.
  • the control system is configured and operable for communicating with the EV's onboard computer (e.g. by wireless communication between the EV and the BSS) for receiving therefrom information indicative of the state of the vehicle's powertrain (e.g. about the position/state of the EV's ignition). Upon detection that the vehicle's powertrain is turned on, the control system may operate to interrupt/prevent the battery switch procedure.
  • control system 210 and the communication utility 280 may be configured and operable to provide operational instructions to be presented to the vehicle's driver by audio/visual means connectable to the onboard computer 310 of the vehicle.
  • the control system 210 may utilize any of the above described detection modules to determine the vehicle's position along the lane and thereby determine appropriate instructions to be provided to the vehicle's user/driver.
  • the control system 210 may utilize any of the obstruction detection 220, vehicle positioning detection 240, wheels positioning detection 230, weight detection 250 and/or other detection modules not specified here.
  • the control system 210 may utilize data (e.g.
  • a lookup-table stored in memory/data-base 214 of the control system which includes various operational instructions to be provided to vehicles' users in accordance with the position of their vehicles in the lane 110 (e.g. in accordance with the stage of service provided to their vehicles).
  • the thus determined operational instructions may then be transmitted to the onboard computer 310 of the vehicle 300. Having received data indicative of the operational instructions from the communication utility 280, the onboard computer 310 may, in turn, operate to present the instructions to the vehicle's driver.
  • the onboard computer 310 may also be configured to determine whether the vehicle's operational state is in agreement with the operational instructions and to communicate the result of such determination back to the communication utility 280.To this end, the onboard computer 310 may monitor internal events of the vehicle and track if the user complies with the operational instructions (it can see if gear state has changed, if EV engine has been shutdown, if doors have been opened etc.). The onboard computer 310 may report these events, or failure to comply to the operational instructions, back to the control system (i.e. through communication with the communication utility 280).
  • control system 210 may respond by re-instructing the user to comply with the instructions and/or stopping/interrupting operation of certain modules of the BSS 100 to prevent any hazard/injury.
  • control system 210 is generally connectable to the detection system 215 and is configured and operable for controlling and/or disrupting normal operation of the BSS 100 in response to detection of one or more hazards by the detection system 215.
  • control system 210 Various possible operations of the control system 210 which may be carried out, in various embodiments of the invention, in response to detection of various hazards will now be described more specifically.
  • control system 210 is connectable to one or more modules of the BSS 100 and configured and operable for carrying out at least one of the following: disrupt normal operation of said BSS 100 in response to detection of one or more safety hazards; operate one or more safety modules in response to detection of one or more safety hazards; and enable normal operation of certain modules of the BSS 100 in response to negative detection of one or more safety hazards.
  • control system 210 may be configured and operable for disrupting the operation of the vehicle's transportation assembly 140 of the BSS 100 which is configured to engage with the vehicle and drive it through the lane 110.
  • control system 210 may be connectable with the vehicle's transportation assembly 140 and may be configured for example for halting the operation of the transportation assembly 140 by disconnecting power from its actuation assembly 146 and/or from the wheel engagement assembly 144.
  • control system 210 may be configured and operable for disrupting the operation of one or more alignment modules (e.g. 132, 134 and/or 136) of the alignment assembly 130 which are located along the lane 110 and adapted to engage with the vehicle. This may be used to prevent hazards of persons being caught between the alignment modules and the vehicle, tripping on the alignment modules etc.
  • the control system 210 may be connectable with the alignment assembly 130 and may be configured and operable for halting and/or interrupting the normal operations of the alignment assembly 130 for example by disconnecting power to one or more of its modules.
  • control system 210 may be configured and operable for disrupting the operation of the battery swap post 160 which serves for exchanging/switching batteries from beneath the vehicle.
  • control system 210 may be connectable to one or more of the floor doors 162 of the battery switch post 160 and configured for disrupting the opening of these floor doors 162, and/or limiting their opening, in case of detection of certain hazards along the lane 110.
  • the control system 110 may be connectable to the controller of the doors 162 for interrupting their normal operation.
  • the control system 110 may be configured and operable for disconnecting power from the doors in case of detection of certain hazards.
  • Such actions may be carried out when floor door opening is identified to an extent which is not covered by the body of a vehicle located above the doors.
  • the control system may be configured and operable for ensuring safe operation of the battery swap post 160.
  • the control system 210 may operate to limit the opening of the floor door(s) 162 only to the extent covered by the vehicle.
  • the control system 210 may be configured and operable for disrupting the operation of cleaning post 150 which serves for underbody cleaning a battery and/or battery-bay and/or battery-cover that is located at the bottom of the vehicle. To this end normal operation of the cleaning post may be enabled only when a vehicle is located above cleaning post 150.
  • control system 210 may be configured and operable for disrupting the operation of the BSS 100 by electrically disconnecting one or more electric modules which may for example present an electrocuting hazard.
  • control system 210 may be configured for and operable to enable normal operation of certain modules of the BSS 100 in response to negative detection of one or more safety hazards. Any one of the modules of the BSS 100, such as parts of the alignment assembly 130 and/or transportation assembly 140 and/or cleaning post 150 and/or battery switch post 160, may be selectively and controllably operated by the control system 210 only upon negative detection of safety hazards.
  • the control system 210 may be configured and operable to process detection data provided to it from various modules of the detection system 215. Then, only upon verifying that no hazards have been detected (e.g. determining that the vehicle is properly operated and correctly located and no obstacles/obstructions appear to be in the vicinity of the BSS lane 110), the control system operates the BSS 100 modules.
  • the control system 210 may be configured and operable to activate the sliding operation of one or more tire alignment modules (wheel-sliders) 136 only after detecting that the vehicle tires are located on thereon and no obstructions are detected in the relevant part of the lane 110.
  • the BSS 100 may also include one or more safety modules which may be operated by the control system 210 to improve safe operation of the vehicles through the BSS lane 110 and/or to prevent risks due to mis-operation of the vehicle or other possible failures.
  • the BSS may include at least one user interface module 270 which is configured and operable for providing to the user of the vehicle 300 being serviced with instructions for conducting the vehicle through the lane 110.
  • the control system 210 may optionally be connected to one or more positioning systems (e.g. 220 and/or 230 and/or 240) which are capable of monitoring the vehicle's position in the lane 110.
  • the control system 210 may operate to determine proper operational instructions to be provided to the user of the vehicle 300. Determining the operational instructions may be achieved in a manner similar to that described above with respect to provision of operational instructions to the vehicles on-board computer 310 (e.g. utilize a lookup table relating to various operational instructions to various positions of the vehicle in the lane 110).
  • the user interface module 270 may be connectable to the control system 210 and may be configured and operable for presenting the instructions to the user/driver of the vehicle 300 when he is inside the vehicle at the lane 110.
  • the user interface module 270 may optionally include an auditory informative module(s) 274 (e.g. sound equipment), and/or visual module(s) 272 (e.g. graphical equipment) and/or network module (e.g. 280) which may be used to communicate operational instructions to the vehicle's on-board controller as described above 310.
  • Vehicle stop structures/barriers 260 are additional types of safety modules which are included in the BSS 100 according to some embodiments of the present invention.
  • the stop-structures/barriers 260 may include fixed structures (e.g. for preventing the vehicle from deviating from a designated path through the lane 110) and/or controllable barriers which can be lifted (e.g. removed from the lane 110) and lowered (introduced in the lane 110) according to the battery exchange/switch operational stage at which the vehicle is being serviced.
  • the control system 210 may be connectable to the vehicle barriers 260 and may be configured and operable for closing the barriers 260 in response to detection of one or more safety hazards, or for opening them upon non-detection of one or more safety hazards.
  • the vehicle barriers 260 may be operated in a normally-off mode in which they are normally maintained in an open (e.g. lowered) state. In this operational mode the barriers 260 are closed (e.g. raised) in response to a control signal sent from the control system 210 upon detection/identification of a potential hazard by the detection system 215.
  • the vehicle barriers 260, or some of them may be operated in a normally-on mode in which they are normally maintained in a closed state.
  • the barriers may be opened upon negative detection/identification of a potential hazard in their vicinity/course.
  • the control system 210 may be configured and operable for selective operation of the barriers in accordance with the vehicle position and the stage of the battery switch process. For example the control system may operate the barriers selectively to open only certain barriers at certain times to allow selective passage of a vehicle from a certain servicing post to the successive servicing post.
  • barriers may be located in between various service posts which are arranged along the lane 110 and may be operated by the control system 210 to regulate the vehicle movement between posts and regulate the services to multiple vehicles along the lane such as to reduce/prevent risks of vehicle collision.
  • barriers 260 are located between the following successive posts: lane- entrance post (not specifically shown in the figure), cleaning post 150, battery switch post 160, lane-exit post (not specifically shown in the figure). Barriers 260 may also for example be raised to prevent the vehicle 300 from moving too far forward entering the next/successive post.
  • the control system 210 may operate for controlling the stop structure 260 which is located between cleaning post 150 and the battery switch position 160, for lifting it when a first EV is occupying the battery switch position 160 and a second EV is entering into the battery washing position 150.
  • the barrier may be lowered when the first EV has cleared out from the battery switch position 160 and the washing process has ended by enabling passage of the second EV to the battery switch position 160.
  • vehicle barriers 260 may be operated by the control system to prevent and/or reduce risks which may be caused due to mis-operation of the vehicle or other possible failures by which the vehicle is improperly driven across the lane 110.
  • the barriers 260 may be selectively operated by control system 210 for stopping a braking vehicle's movement through the lane 110 by engaging with any of the vehicle's body and/or with its wheels.
  • the stop-structures/barriers 260 may also include/accommodate one or more sensors that are connectable to the control system 210. Such sensors may operate to provide the control systems with data/signals indicative of the stop-structures/barriers 260 being hit.
  • the control system 210 may be configured and operable for stopping and/or fully or partially disrupting the normal operation of the BSS 100 and/or issue a warning to the user(s)/driver(s) of vehicles in the lane (e.g. through the user interface 270).
  • the present invention thus provides a battery switch station system 100 including a safety system 200 that is configured and operable for providing safe operation of the BSS 100.
  • the safety system 200 includes a detection system 215 in which various types of detection modules may be included and which is capable of detection/identification of various hazardous situations in the vicinity of the BSS 100 and BSS lane 110.
  • the safety system 200 also includes a control system 210 that is connectable (electrically, mechanically and/or wirelessly) to the various detection modules and configured and operable to determine hazard situations and to accordingly operate to reduce or eliminate risks embodied in such situations.
  • the control system may for example be connected to various modules of the BSS 100 and be operable for controlling their safe operation. Additionally, the control system may be associated with safe modules of the safety system 200 and may operate these modules to improve the safe operation of the BSS 100.
  • the safety system 210 described above may be configured to operate and may include other types of detection module(s), BSS modules and safety modules which were not specifically described herein.
  • a person of ordinary skill in the art would readily appreciate that various modifications may be applied to the various embodiments of invention as described herein without departing from the scope of the present invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une station d'échange de batteries ou "BSS" (Battery Switch Station) comprenant: un couloir de maintenance permettant de déplacer un véhicule entre les différents postes de maintenance de la BSS, des modules fonctionnels pour la maintenance du véhicule pendant qu'il est sur le couloir, un système de détection conçu pour détecter, le long de du couloir, un ou plusieurs facteurs de risque susceptibles d'affecter la sécurité, et un système de commande raccordé au système de détection et à un ou plusieurs des modules fonctionnels. Le système est conçu et peut fonctionner de manière à réagir à la détection d'un ou de plusieurs éléments présentant des risques pour la sécurité, en vue de commander le fonctionnement du ou des modules fonctionnels de la BSS par interruption ou validation du fonctionnement normal de l'un au moins des modules fonctionnels.
PCT/IL2013/050279 2012-03-29 2013-03-21 Système de sécurité pour stations d'échange de batteries Ceased WO2013144958A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IL218949A IL218949A0 (en) 2012-03-29 2012-03-29 Vehicle alignment system for battery switch station
IL218949 2012-03-29
US201261619005P 2012-04-02 2012-04-02
US61/619,005 2012-04-02

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WO2013144958A1 true WO2013144958A1 (fr) 2013-10-03

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PCT/IL2013/050272 Ceased WO2013144953A1 (fr) 2012-03-29 2013-03-21 Système d'alignement de véhicule pour une station de commutation de batterie
PCT/IL2013/050279 Ceased WO2013144958A1 (fr) 2012-03-29 2013-03-21 Système de sécurité pour stations d'échange de batteries

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WO2013144953A1 (fr) 2013-10-03

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