Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
  • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
  • E04B5/17—Floor structures partly formed in situ
  • E04B5/18—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly cast between filling members
  • E04B5/21—Cross-ribbed floors
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
  • E04B5/48—Special adaptations of floors for incorporating ducts, e.g. for heating or ventilating
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
  • E04B7/20—Roofs consisting of self-supporting slabs, e.g. able to be loaded
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
  • H02G3/00—Installations of electric cables or lines or protective tubing therefor in or on buildings, equivalent structures or vehicles
  • H02G3/36—Installations of cables or lines in walls, floors or ceilings
  • H02G3/38—Installations of cables or lines in walls, floors or ceilings the cables or lines being installed in preestablished conduits or ducts
  • H02G3/383—Installations of cables or lines in walls, floors or ceilings the cables or lines being installed in preestablished conduits or ducts in floors
  • H02G3/385—Installations of cables or lines in walls, floors or ceilings the cables or lines being installed in preestablished conduits or ducts in floors in modular floors, e.g. access floors
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
  • H02G3/00—Installations of electric cables or lines or protective tubing therefor in or on buildings, equivalent structures or vehicles
  • H02G3/36—Installations of cables or lines in walls, floors or ceilings
  • H02G3/38—Installations of cables or lines in walls, floors or ceilings the cables or lines being installed in preestablished conduits or ducts
  • H02G3/386—Installations of cables or lines in walls, floors or ceilings the cables or lines being installed in preestablished conduits or ducts in walls
  • H02G3/388—Installations of cables or lines in walls, floors or ceilings the cables or lines being installed in preestablished conduits or ducts in walls in modular walls, e.g. wall panels

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the manufacturing of a concrete floor or roofing building structure, such as, for example, a floor or a roof of a building, and more particularly, a modular structure according to the preamble of claim 1.
• flooring structure or floor is generally meant a mainly two-dimensional load- bearing structure, which performs the task of distributing the loads on the peripheral beams of the elevational structure of a building.
• a floor is a separation element between the vari- ous storeys in a building, or a supporting element for a building roofing.
• roofing structure is generally meant a planar structure that performs the task of covering a building top and preserving its internal environment from the atmospheric agents. Among the roofings, it is distinguished between flat or pitched roofs.
• the commonest solution for the installation of a reinforced concrete floor provides for, in sequence, the arrangement of an operative reinforcement composed of a temporary supporting plank flooring, usually of wood; the arrangement of an array of elements or brick ingots or of another material, optionally being hollow, having as their pri- mary function to lighten the structure; the arrangement of a metallic reinforcement between the ingots, having a mechanical structural function; and the deposition by casting of a concrete binder matrix. Subsequent finishings are carried out in order to form an environmental insulation layer, as well as exposition layers facing the rooms of the building, for example, coating layers having an aesthetical value, such as floorings and vaults.
• a con- tinuous or discontinuous load-bearing structure composed of a floor, a planking, a main truss or roof frame, or of an arrangement of vertical supports, such as pillars or props; an array of elements or brick ingots or of another material, optionally being hollow, having as their primary function to lighten the structure; a metallic reinforcement between the ingots, having a mechanical structural function; and a concrete binding matrix.
• Further finishing layers are added to these layers having mainly a mechanical structural function, such as, an environmental insulating layer, an exposition layer facing the interior of the building, for example, a coating layer having an aesthetical value, and an outer layer for protection against atmospheric agents.
• the floor structure of a traditional building usually serves the sole function of separating between rooms and distributing the loads (internal wall structures, home furnishing) applied onto the building elevational structure.
• loads internal wall structures, home furnishing
• a traditional pitched roof is also characterized by a poor exploitation of the potentials of the same roofing.
• a building roofing usually serves the sole function of sheltering from the atmospheric agents.
• service systems for example, telecommunication antennas, and, more and more frequently, the free surfaces of the roofs are exploited for installing solar or photovoltaic panels for the production of hot water and electric power.
• the invention aims to provide a construction concrete floor or roofing solution for buildings, which is simple to be manufactured and facilitates the installation of systems and devices that are suitable to serve a supplementary function to the typical function of such a structure.
• the present invention is based on the principle of manufacturing a concrete floor or roofing structure of a building by means of the installation of roofing modules that are pre- assembled in an industrial environment (prefabricated).
• the pre-assembled modules are simply roofing modules, or they are roofing modules directly embedding further functions, which are predetermined during the design step, which exploit the volume thereof in order to achieve more functions than the simple roofing function (by way of example, the production of electric power via a photovoltaic system, lighting, sensors, ventilation).
• the roofing of a building can be performed just with pre-assembled modules for the roofing alone, or with functional ized modules, as a partial or full alternative to the simply roofing modules.
• the modules are connected by operative channels, which ensures the distribution of the functions between contiguous, functionalized modules.
• the pre-assembled modules are manufactured according to a "box-like" structure, preferably having a standard size, which allows carrying out of the necessary insulation and roofing functions, in addition to facilitating the coupling between juxtaposed modules, and are laid at the building site on an optionally temporary load-bearing structure, in a meshed arrangement, and subsequently embedded in a reinforced concrete matrix (cast).
• a "box-like" structure preferably having a standard size, which allows carrying out of the necessary insulation and roofing functions, in addition to facilitating the coupling between juxtaposed modules, and are laid at the building site on an optionally temporary load-bearing structure, in a meshed arrangement, and subsequently embedded in a reinforced concrete matrix (cast).
• the method for . the installation of a roofing manufactured according to the invention includes the laying and securing of pre-assembled roofing modules and pre-assembled functionalized roofing modules to the load-bearing structure at the building site according to a predetermined arrangement, as well as a subsequent testing procedure to check the perfect manufacturing of the roofing, both in terms of environmental insulation and weather protection (for example, hydraulic seal) aspects, and in terms of functionalization aspects (for example, testing for continuity of the electrical and hydraulic connections).
• Figs, l a, lb are axonometric views, exploded and in the assembled condition, respectively, of a roofing module according to the invention
• Fig. 1 c is an enlarged view of an angular region of a roofing module which is the subject of the invention, in combination with a functional block;
• Fig.2 is an exemplary scheme of the installation arrangement of the roofing modules which are the subject of the invention for the manufacturing of a floor structure, in a first constructive step;
• Fig. 3 is an exemplary scheme of the installation arrangement of the roofing modules which are the subject of the invention for the manufacturing of a floor structure, in a second constructive step;
• Fig. 4a is a sectional view of a sequence of roofing modules according to the line 1V-IV of Fig. 3, in a third constructive step;
• Figs. 4b and 4c are sectional views of a roofing module according to a first and a second variants, in which the housing volume is divided into two separated chambers;
• Figs. 5a-5h are schematic representations of a sequence of installation steps of a roofing structure for a building, comprising an arrangement of roofing modules according to the invention.
• Fig. 6 is an exemplary view of a subset of modules within which supply cables are laid for a domestic power supply.
• a roofing module according to the invention is generally indicated with M, shown in a disassembled condition in Fig. la, and in an assembled condition in Fig. lb.
• the module is preferably made of a plastic material, optionally with metal reinforcements.
• the module M has a general box-like structure, peripherally defined by a side wall W that internally defines a free space volume V, referred to herein below as a housing volume.
• a peripheral edge of the wall W borders a joining flange G, laterally extended beyond the outline of the housing volume, which has a shaped edge defining connecting means by shape coupling (by fixing), adapted to engage with corresponding complementary connecting means supported by a flange of an adjacent module.
• the joining flange G can be provided in the peripheral region with one or more teeth, as well as with one or more openings, whereby the flange teeth are adapted to be inserted into the openings of the adjacent flange.
• the side wall has structural reinforcement formations, such as metal brackets, optionally embedded in the plastic material composing the module, or ribs associated to the walls of the module itself.
• a pair of removable base elements, an upper and a lower element T, B respectively, is arranged for the closure of the housing volume V.
• the base elements T, B are implemented in the form of multilayered blocks, each of which has a bottom panel P having planar dimensions that are larger than the shape of the housing volume, defined by the side wall W, whereby, in the assembled condition, they rest on the free edge of the side wall or on the joining flange G.
• each base element has a functional block F associated to the bottom panel, such as, for example, an insulating material layer.
• the functional element is integrated with the base element.
• a functional element is separated by the base elements and placed in the housing volume V, where it is supported by means of supporting formations, which are integral to the wall W.
• a supporting solution for a functional element F is shown, the angular regions of which have corresponding through holes HF, which are suitable to receive a fixing/adjusting threaded screw VT.
• the functional element F is arranged within the housing volume V so that the angular regions rest on angular supports AS, which are constrained at a preset height at the four dihedrals defined by the side wall W.
• Each of the angular supports AS has a through hole HS, relative to which one of the through holes HF, prearranged on the angular regions of the functional element F, is aligned, so that the screw VT received through the through hole HF also engages the hole HS, thus constraining the two walls one to the other.
• the side wall has at least one communication opening A, suitable to be jointed in continuity to a corresponding opening defined on the side wall of an adjacent module through a associated operative channel C, integrally formed with the wall, or separated therefrom.
• the side wall W includes a pair of first side panels W facing one another, and a pair of second side panels W" facing one another, contiguous to said first panels.
• Each of the first and second side panels W, W" has a corresponding communication opening A and an associated length of an operative channel C, formed integrally to the panel or sealingly pre-constrained thereto.
• the side wall W will be able to be of any other polygo- nal or circular closed shape.
• a modular floor (floor) or roofing (roof) structure according to the invention is shown in a first constructive step in Fig. 2. It comprises a plurality of juxtaposed roofing modules M, optionally connected together by fixing between the opposing lengths of corresponding joining flanges G.
• the opposed communication apertures A of adjacent modules are connected via operative channels C in the form of tubular con- duits, sealed to the outside, whereby the installed structure has a communication mesh between a network of roofing modules.
• At least one operative channel can be removable, particularly, retractable within the housing volume V, in order to facilitate the laying of the metallic reinforcement, as shown, for example, for a pair of modules in Fig. 4a, where the translation of the channels is indicated by arrows.
• a strengthening metallic reinforcement R is arranged, for example, a traditional reinforcement in steel bars or rods, as shown in Fig. 2.
• a binder material matrix X is poured in the interspaces between the modules, for example, concrete, suitable to embed said roofing modules M and said strengthening reinforcement R so as to form a self- supporting monolithic structure.
• the base elements T, B are arranged so as to close the housing spaces V of the single modules, as best shown in the sectional view of Fig. 4a, taken along the line IV-IV of Fig. 3, where -the coupling of the closure elements T, B is shown in successive completion stages.
• the side wall has supporting means for the base elements intended to close the housing volume, adapted to . allow a positioning at an adjustable height of said elements and to hold said elements in place.
• the base elements are supported on the outer edges of the side wall or on the module joining flange, and cover the surface of the floor or roofing structure, optionally defining gaps between adjacent base elements. This would advantageously allow compensating the tolerances associated to the ' processing of the materials constituting the base elements, facilitating the laying and removal of the base elements, as well as compensating the thermal dilation of the materials constituting the base elements.
• the base elements T, B are accessible from opposite sides of the structure, and removable so as to allow an operator to access the housing volume V of each module.
• the thus-formed structure is arranged to receive functional elements within the housing volumes of the single modules, integrated in an upper or lower base element, or separated and autonomous therefrom.
• At least one functional element of the structure is an insulating layer.
• Further types of functional elements include lighting devices, energy production devices, surveillance devices, communications devices, environmental control devices, utility system devices, mechani- cal support devices, furnishing elements.
• the side wall has supporting means for the functional elements received in the housing volume, adapted to allow the positioning at an adjustable height of said elements, for example, by acting on the adjusting screw VT shown in Fig. lc.
• the connecting elements of the functional devices of a plurality of modules to a system of the building are conveyed via a plurality of operative channels.
• a functional element of a floor structure comprises a partition wall SEP, which is adapted to divide the housing volume of a module in two separated chambers, for example, two vertically separated chambers, whereby a first lower chamber is arranged to house functional elements intended for use in the building environment extending below the floor, whereby said floor constitutes a roofing or ceiling, and a second upper chamber is arranged to house functional elements intended for use in the environment building environment extending above the floor, whereby said floor constitutes flooring.
• a module adapted for this embodiment has, on the side wall W, at least one pair of communication apertures A, vertically aligned so that one of them faces the upper chamber, and the other one faces the lower chamber.
• the common operative channel for each wall can be divided from the partition wall itself.
• the functional devices can be exposed from a side and/or the other side of the floor structure, i.e., within and/or outside the building in the case of a roofing structure.
• a floor structure or floor S is schematically illustrated, from which a plurality of primary load-bearing pillars 10 of the building vertically emerge, and on which props 12 are set up, in order to support a roofing structure, in this case an inclined pitch of a roof.
• the roofing structure is made by carrying out the operations described above with reference to Figs. 2, 3, and 4a.
• Fig. 5b the laying of a network of box-like modules M is shown, which are side by side in the two extending directions of the roof, intercommunicating through the operative channels obtained between the communication aper- tures of the corresponding housing volumes.
• the modules are supported by the props 12 at the angular sectors at the vertices of the joining flange G.
• Each prop 12 is shaped with an orientable radially enlarged head or top, adapted to provide a support to four contiguous angular sectors of the joining flanges of four adjacent modules.
• each prop 12 has four spokes, each of which has, at the corresponding distal end, a pin that is orthogonal to the support plane, insertable within the housing space V of a corresponding module by such a depth as to enter the space without interfering with the angular supports. Therefore, the solution can be referred to as "self-reinforcing", since it does not need an operative reinforcement. Alternatively, it is possible to resort to the traditional solution of arranging a temporary supporting plank flooring, on which the flanges of the modules can entirely rest.
• Fig. 5c the laying of the strengthening reinforcement R is shown, and, in Fig. 5d, the self-supporting structure formed following the casting, curing, and hardening of concrete X between the interspaces comprised between the roofing modules M is shown.
• the representation of the supporting props is. omitted, which props are anyhow removed once the structure has been completed.
• the manufacturing of a substantially honeycomb structure is observed, which has an array of free spaces, adapted to receive the desired functionalizations.
• the thus-made structure leaves the housing volumes V provided for within the box-like structure of each module free, connected together via the operative channels buried in the concrete.
• the functionalization of the single modules is schematically indicated, for the insertion of the functional blocks or devices F.
• the functionalizations are represented by solid blocks, but it has to be meant that optional functional devices within the housing volume, i.e., not integrated to the base elements, typically have lower dimensions, in order to allow an operator to access the housing volumes and the laying of the connections to the devices through said volumes and the operative channels accessing them.
• a structure with inserted functionalizations is shown.
• the arrangement of the upper base elements T intended to be exposed to the external environment or to support an auxiliary roofing is shown.
• such elements include at least an insulating layer and a waterproofing layer, and a plurality of lathes L suitable to support the manufactured roofing of a roof, and they are walkable elements.
• Fig. 5h the arrangement is shown of the lower base elements B intended to be exposed within a dwelling space and to support an auxiliary coating layer, for example, made of a monolithic wooden panel or by juxtaposition of lathes couplable together by fixing, or alternatively by a material suitable to the plastering.
• an auxiliary coating layer for example, made of a monolithic wooden panel or by juxtaposition of lathes couplable together by fixing, or alternatively by a material suitable to the plastering.
• the base elements of the module may include one or more integrated functional elements serving, along with the module structure, the roofing function.
• the functional elements include, but are not limited to:
• Photovoltaic panels for the generation of electric power from sunlight the base element T has a photovoltaic panel associated thereto, forming an integral part of the module itself, the connecting electrical cables of the panel to the electricity network of the building being housed in the volume V within the module, from which they are conveyed via the operative channels and the housing volumes of the adjacent modules to the system of the building.
• the base element T has a solar-thermal panel associated thereto, forming an integral part of the module itself, the hydraulic conduits of the panel being housed in the volume V within the module, from which they are conveyed via the operative channels and the housing volumes of the adjacent modules to the system of the building.
• roofing with telecommunication elements the base element T entirely or partially houses, directly integrated on the module itself, the telecommunication elements (for example, TV program receiving antennas), the connecting electrical cables being housed in the volume V within the module, from which they are conveyed via the operative channels and the housing volumes of the adjacent modules to the system of the building.
• the telecommunication elements for example, TV program receiving antennas
• the connecting electrical cables being housed in the volume V within the module, from which they are conveyed via the operative channels and the housing volumes of the adjacent modules to the system of the building.
• roofing with integrated weather station the base element T entirely or partially houses, directly integrated on the module itself, the equipment of a weather station (for example, temperature, moisture detection equipment, rain gauges), the connecting electrical cables being housed in the volume V within the module, from which they are conveyed via the operative channels and the housing volumes of the adjacent modules to the system of the building.
• equipment of a weather station for example, temperature, moisture detection equipment, rain gauges
• the connecting electrical cables being housed in the volume V within the module, from which they are conveyed via the operative channels and the housing volumes of the adjacent modules to the system of the building.
• Direct light openings the base elements T and B integrate a closed glass or a window that can open to the housing volume V of the module, which allows the direct passage of sunlight, and optionally the ventilation of the underlying room.
• Free or forced conditioning ventilation roofing the base elements T, B and the housing volume V house a ventilation system allowing the natural circulation of air through the module, between the interior and the exterior of the building, selectively ac- tuatable, for example in an automatic manner, when the thermal and weather conditions detected outside the building are more advantageous compared to those detected within the building.
• the module turns out to be advantageous to improve the environmental condi- tions of attics, without the need for use of forced conditioning elements.
• the module base elements can include one or more integrated functional elements serving auxiliary functions.
• the functional elements include, but are not limited to:
• the lower base element B entirely or partially houses, directly integrated on the module itself, the surveillance elements (for example, anti-intrusion sensors, surveillance cameras, acoustic alarm generators, and lighting devices), the connecting electrical cables being housed in the volume V within the module, from which they are conveyed via the operative channels and the housing volumes of the adjacent modules to the system of the building.
• the surveillance elements for example, anti-intrusion sensors, surveillance cameras, acoustic alarm generators, and lighting devices
• the connecting electrical cables being housed in the volume V within the module, from which they are conveyed via the operative channels and the housing volumes of the adjacent modules to the system of the building.
• the base element B houses lamps or similar lighting devices, the connecting electrical cables to the electricity supply network being housed in the volume V within the module, from which they are conveyed via the operative channels and the housing volumes of the adjacent modules to the system of the building.
• the base element B houses sound diffusing devices, the connecting electrical cables to the electricity supply network being housed in the volume V within the module, from which they are conveyed via the opera- tive channels and the housing volumes of the adjacent modules to the system of the building.
• the base element B houses power supply sockets and switching devices, the connecting electrical cables to the electricity supply network being housed in the volume V within the module, from which they are conveyed via the operative channels and the housing volumes of the adjacent modules to the system of the building.
• the base element B houses mechanical support devices intended to support environmental or entertainment furnishing apparatuses or devices, and optionally an element having a mere aesthetical furnishing function.
• the base element T houses a mechanical support device and a corre- sponding walkable flooring plank.
• the manufacturing process of a building floor or roofing through the modules that are the subject of the invention occurs, following the design of the roofing configuration, optionally assisted by a processor.
• the resulting surface of the structure is determined by the dimensions of the modules.
• a programmed design processing system for example, a typical computer, is arranged to automatically calculate a roofing geometry according to the type of the roofing modules M.
• the design system is arranged so as to propose also a configuration aimed to install additional functions to the roofing.
• the system provides for the possibility of recalculating the design for a user by varying predetermined calculation parameters, for example, in order to make the structure as suitable as possible to their needs.
• the system provides for the possibility of comparing different configurations for the same building, calculating the energy efficiency for the selected solution and the data of the optional energy (thermal or electrical) generation, as well as the possibility of estimating the cost for the roofing and relative laying.
• the system can be configured so as to import documents, which are repre- sentative of plans and designs of buildings, as well as to export the designed roof configuration, for example, so that it can be suitably "added” to a general design of a building.
• predetermined test procedures are carried out, in order to- check the correct manufacturing thereof.
• the test for the electrical and hydraulic connections of the functionalized modules is carried out.
• the functionalized modules providing for an electrical connection, once the connec- tions have been established, the latter are supplied with a variable frequency probe sinusoidal voltage, and the impedance value gives an indication of the suitability of the connections, optionally allowing to locate the damaged connection.
• the functionalized modules providing for a hydraulic connection
• the pipelines once the pipelines have been laid, the latter are supplied with a pressurized gas, and the pressure decay time values gives an indication of the optional presence of leakages, which can be subsequently located by means of a gas detector.
• the structure according to the invention is an ideal platform for the installation of a domotics system, due both to the capillarity of the operative channels embedded in the structure itself, and to the readiness of domotics functional ization of the structure in a later moment, therefore, also after the manufacturing thereof.
• the principle of the invention being understood, the embodiments and the manufacturing details will be able to be widely varied compared to what has been described and illustrated by way of non-limiting example only, without for this departing from the protection scope of the invention as defined by the annexed claims.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)

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Publications (1)

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Cited By (8)

Citations (6)

• 2012
  • 2012-05-17 WO PCT/IT2012/000144 patent/WO2013171772A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2012-05-17 EP EP12735648.3A patent/EP2850256A1/fr not_active Withdrawn

Patent Citations (6)

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