WO2013180226A1 - 魚類の栄養要求性を決定する方法 - Google Patents
魚類の栄養要求性を決定する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013180226A1 WO2013180226A1 PCT/JP2013/065066 JP2013065066W WO2013180226A1 WO 2013180226 A1 WO2013180226 A1 WO 2013180226A1 JP 2013065066 W JP2013065066 W JP 2013065066W WO 2013180226 A1 WO2013180226 A1 WO 2013180226A1
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- fish
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- amino acid
- acid sequence
- metabolic pathway
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16B—BIOINFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR GENETIC OR PROTEIN-RELATED DATA PROCESSING IN COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
- G16B20/00—ICT specially adapted for functional genomics or proteomics, e.g. genotype-phenotype associations
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- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16B—BIOINFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR GENETIC OR PROTEIN-RELATED DATA PROCESSING IN COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
- G16B20/00—ICT specially adapted for functional genomics or proteomics, e.g. genotype-phenotype associations
- G16B20/20—Allele or variant detection, e.g. single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] detection
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16B—BIOINFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR GENETIC OR PROTEIN-RELATED DATA PROCESSING IN COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
- G16B30/00—ICT specially adapted for sequence analysis involving nucleotides or amino acids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16B—BIOINFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR GENETIC OR PROTEIN-RELATED DATA PROCESSING IN COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
- G16B30/00—ICT specially adapted for sequence analysis involving nucleotides or amino acids
- G16B30/10—Sequence alignment; Homology search
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16B—BIOINFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR GENETIC OR PROTEIN-RELATED DATA PROCESSING IN COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
- G16B30/00—ICT specially adapted for sequence analysis involving nucleotides or amino acids
- G16B30/20—Sequence assembly
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/25—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by extrusion
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for determining the nutritional requirement of fish. This method is useful in fields such as fish farming.
- Fish is a highly nutritious food containing good quality proteins and lipids. Fish is also useful as a research material.
- Formula feeds that are widely used at present have been developed with the basic composition of fish naturally consumed by fish (small fish, etc.). For example, fish meal, fats and oils, grains, potatoes, vitamins, minerals It is manufactured by granulating raw materials such as by a pellet machine or an extruder.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 there are papers that discuss the possibility of predicting auxotrophy based on genomic information. However, there is no known method for predicting fish auxotrophy.
- This invention makes it a subject to provide the means to determine the nutritional requirement of fish.
- the present invention can be exemplified as follows.
- a method for determining the nutritional requirements of fish (1) estimating the function of each protein of the fish by comparing the amino acid sequence of the protein deduced from the genome information of the fish with the amino acid sequence of a known protein; (2) identifying the metabolic pathway of the fish based on the estimated function of each protein; and (3) the difference between the metabolic pathway of the identified fish and the metabolic pathway of the control organism. Determining the auxotrophy of the fish based on, The method wherein the control organism is a mammal or a bird.
- the method of the present invention is a method for determining the auxotrophy of fish.
- the method of the present invention includes (1) estimating the function of each protein in the fish by comparing the amino acid sequence of the protein estimated from the genome information of the fish with the amino acid sequence of a known protein, (2) Identifying the metabolic pathway of the fish based on the estimated function of each protein, and (3) based on the difference between the metabolic pathway of the identified fish and the metabolic pathway of the control organism, Includes determining fish auxotrophy.
- the “fish” is not particularly limited as long as the genome is determined and the amino acid sequence of the protein deduced from the genome information can be obtained.
- the genome is determined and the amino acid sequence of the protein deduced from the genomic information can be obtained means that in addition to the case where the amino acid sequence of the protein deduced from the genomic information has been made public, it is self-contracted or outsourced. For example, a case where the amino acid sequence of a protein can be obtained by performing genome analysis is also included.
- fish that can obtain the amino acid sequence of the protein deduced from the genome information are specifically, trough puffer fish, green puffer fish, zebrafish, lobster fish, medaka, Atlantic cod, and lamprey , Coelacanth, Prati and Tilapia.
- the “control organism” is a mammal or a bird.
- the “control organism” is not particularly limited as long as the metabolic pathway has been identified or is a mammal or a bird that can identify the metabolic pathway.
- Mammals or birds that can identify metabolic pathways include mammals or birds whose genome is determined and from which the amino acid sequence of the protein deduced from genomic information can be obtained.
- the metabolic pathway possessed by the control organism can be appropriately identified based on the amino acid sequence of the protein deduced from the genomic information. That is, the method of the present invention includes estimating the function of each protein of the control organism by comparing the amino acid sequence of the protein estimated from the genome information of the control organism with the amino acid sequence of a known protein.
- Control organisms are preferably those well known for auxotrophy.
- Specific examples of mammals or birds that can obtain the amino acid sequence of a protein deduced from genomic information and are well known for auxotrophy include humans, mice, and chickens. Of these, human is preferable.
- the amino acid sequence of the protein can be obtained from, for example, a known database.
- a database is not particularly limited.
- NCBI http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
- Ensembl http://asia.ensembl.org/index.html
- DDBJ DNA Data Bank of Japan; http://www.ddbj.nig.ac.jp/
- EMBL European Molecular Biology Laboratory; http://www.embl.org/).
- amino acid sequence data may be referred to as “amino acid sequence data”.
- the method of the present invention may include a step of downloading and acquiring such amino acid sequence data.
- the amino acid sequence data of the protein may consist of amino acid sequence data deduced from genome information (base sequence), or may include other amino acid sequence data.
- protein amino acid sequence data may include experimentally determined amino acid sequence data.
- the amino acid sequence data of the protein only needs to be described in a format that can be used to estimate the function of each protein.
- the “format that can be used to estimate the function of each protein” may be appropriately set according to the software used to estimate the function of each protein and its algorithm.
- the amino acid sequence of the protein is preferably described in the FASTA format.
- the FASTA format is a format that holds one or more sequence data (for example, protein amino acid sequence data) separated by header lines. What holds a plurality of sequence data is also called a multi-FASTA format.
- the multi-FASTA format is useful when annotating multiple proteins at once. Specifically, for example, when annotating with KAAS described later, amino acid sequences described in the multi-FASTA format can be processed in a batch.
- the estimation of the function of a protein can be performed by comparing the amino acid sequence of the protein with the amino acid sequence of a known protein.
- the “known protein” is not particularly limited as long as it is a protein or functional motif whose amino acid sequence and function are known.
- the amino acid sequence of a known protein may be determined experimentally or may be estimated from genomic information or gene sequence.
- the function of a known protein may be determined experimentally, or may be estimated by comparison with the amino acid sequence of another known protein.
- the estimation of the function of the protein can be performed, for example, by comparing the amino acid sequence of the protein with the amino acid sequence of the annotated protein registered in a known database. Comparison of amino acid sequences can be performed, for example, by homology search or motif prediction.
- the homology search can be performed using, for example, BLAST.
- amino acid sequence data of a protein described in the FASTA format is obtained from KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; http://www.genome.jp/kegg/) or its local server iKeg. It can be processed by KAAS (KEGG automatic annotation ⁇ server) and annotated based on KO (KEGG ⁇ Orthology) to estimate protein functions.
- KAAS KEGG automatic annotation ⁇ server
- KO KEGG ⁇ Orthology
- the processing of amino acid sequence data may be performed for each protein or may be performed for a plurality of proteins at once.
- processing data including amino acid sequences of a plurality of proteins described in the multi-FASTA format with KAAS annotation based on KO can be performed for the plurality of proteins at once.
- either the estimation of fish protein function or the control organism protein function may be performed first or simultaneously.
- the estimation of protein functions is not limited to annotation based on KO, and can be performed by any method that enables functional classification of proteins based on amino acid sequences.
- the function is estimated by comparing (for example, homology search) with the amino acid sequences of annotated proteins of ProSwiss-Prot and TrEMBL of UniProtKB (UniProt Knowledgebase; http://www.uniprot.org/help/uniprotkb) May be.
- the function of each protein may be estimated based on arbitrary data that can be converted into the amino acid sequence of the protein.
- data includes, for example, the base sequence of the gene.
- Such data may be used in advance or converted to an amino acid sequence of a protein at the time of function estimation (annotation).
- a protein presumed to have a (certain) function may be referred to as “a protein annotated with a (certain) function”.
- the protein whose function was not estimated in the above does not need to be involved in subsequent steps (such as identification of metabolic pathways).
- the metabolic pathway of fish is identified based on the function of each protein estimated above. That is, when the target fish has a protein annotated with a function corresponding to a certain metabolic pathway, it can be determined that the fish has the metabolic pathway. Further, when the target fish does not have a protein annotated with a function corresponding to a certain metabolic pathway, it can be determined that the fish does not have the metabolic pathway. Moreover, the metabolic pathway which a control organism has can be identified similarly.
- the “metabolic pathway” may consist of a single reaction step, may consist of a plurality of sequential reaction steps, or may be a combination thereof.
- “Function corresponding to a metabolic pathway” refers to one or more functions that catalyze one or more reaction steps constituting the metabolic pathway. Further, the “protein annotated with a function corresponding to a metabolic pathway” refers to one or more proteins annotated with the one or more functions.
- the method of the present invention may include a step of mapping the function of each protein estimated above onto a metabolic pathway. Specifically, for example, first, based on the result of the function annotation, protein functions common to fish and control organisms and protein functions specific to each are selected. Sorting may be performed manually or automatically. For example, selection can be performed automatically by using statistical analysis software. Specific examples of the statistical analysis software include open source statistical analysis software “R” (http://www.r-project.org/). By mapping the functions of the selected proteins onto metabolic pathways, it is possible to visualize the metabolic pathways common to fish and control organisms and specific metabolic pathways. Visualization makes it easier to compare the metabolic pathways of fish and control organisms. Mapping can be performed using, for example, KEGG mapper (http://www.genome.jp/kegg/mapper.html).
- the auxotrophy of the fish is determined based on the difference between the metabolic pathway of the fish identified above and the metabolic pathway of the control organism of the control organism.
- the identified metabolic pathways can be sorted into common metabolic pathways for fish and control organisms and specific metabolic pathways, and the auxotrophy of fish can be determined based on the specific metabolic pathways. . That is, when the presence or absence of a certain metabolic pathway is different between fish and a control organism, it can be determined that the requirement of metabolites generated by the metabolic pathway is different between fish and a control organism.
- a metabolite generated by the metabolic pathway It may be determined that there is a high requirement in fish.
- “High requirement of metabolite in fish” means that the fish strongly demands the metabolite compared to the control organism, for example, the control organism does not require an external supply of the metabolite. In contrast, fish may require an external supply of the metabolite.
- the requirement of the metabolite generated by the metabolic pathway in the fish It may be determined that the property is low.
- “Low requirement of metabolite in fish” means that fish demands the metabolite weakly compared to the control organism, for example, the control organism needs an external supply of the metabolite. On the other hand, fish may not require an external supply of the metabolite.
- the “metabolite generated by the metabolic pathway” includes a metabolite generated by further metabolism from the product in addition to a direct product of the metabolic pathway.
- the range of the “metabolite produced by further metabolism from the product” varies depending on the type of metabolic pathway and the presence of a bypass pathway, but the direct product of the metabolic pathway is the first, downstream, for example, The range may be up to the 20th, 10th, 5th, or 3rd.
- a fish lacks a metabolic pathway that produces an important metabolite in the growth or life of a control organism, or the supply of a metabolite that is a substrate for a fish-specific metabolic pathway is insufficient
- the metabolite and / or the metabolite that is further metabolized from the metabolite needs to be acquired from the outside, and can be selected as a highly demanded nutrient candidate in fish .
- identification and comparison of metabolic pathways may be performed for all proteins annotated with functions, and identification and comparison of metabolic pathways may be performed for a part of proteins annotated with functions. Good.
- comparison may be made between fish and control organisms for all identified metabolic pathways, and comparison may be made between fish and control organisms for some of the identified metabolic pathways. May be. For example, when determining the requirement of a specific metabolite in fish, it is only necessary to identify and compare metabolic pathways for proteins annotated with functions related to the specific metabolite.
- “Function related to a specific metabolite” means a function corresponding to a metabolic pathway that generates the specific metabolite, or a metabolite that generates a metabolite that is a substrate of the metabolic pathway that generates the specific metabolite. A function corresponding to a route.
- Specific examples of specific metabolites include sugars, amino acids, lipids, and vitamins.
- auxotrophy of fish is correctly determined by the method of the present invention is that the feed produced according to the auxotrophy (for example, a feed containing a metabolite determined to be highly required in fish) And a control feed (for example, a feed not containing the metabolite) are used to raise fish and compare the degree of growth.
- the feed produced according to the auxotrophy for example, a feed containing a metabolite determined to be highly required in fish
- a control feed for example, a feed not containing the metabolite
- Program of the Present Invention is a program that causes a computer to execute each step in the method of the present invention.
- one aspect of the program of the present invention is a program that causes a computer to execute the following steps (1) to (3): (1) estimating the function of each protein of the fish by comparing the amino acid sequence of the protein deduced from the genome information of the fish with the amino acid sequence of a known protein; (2) a step of identifying a metabolic pathway of the fish based on the estimated function of each protein; and (3) a difference between a metabolic pathway of the identified fish and a metabolic pathway of a control organism. And determining the auxotrophy of the fish based on.
- the program of the present invention executes a step of estimating the function of each protein in the control organism by comparing the amino acid sequence of the protein estimated from the genome information of the control organism with the amino acid sequence of a known protein.
- the computer may execute a step of identifying a metabolic pathway of the control organism based on the estimated function of each protein.
- the program of the present invention may further cause the computer to execute a step of downloading and acquiring amino acid sequence data, for example.
- the program of the present invention may further cause the computer to execute a step of mapping the function annotation result on the metabolic pathway, for example.
- the program of the present invention may be provided by being recorded on a computer-readable recording medium.
- the computer-readable recording medium is such that information such as data and programs is accumulated by electrical, magnetic, optical, mechanical, chemical action, etc., and the accumulated information is read from the computer.
- a recording medium for example, floppy (registered trademark) disk, magneto-optical disk, CD-ROM, CD-R / W, DVD-ROM, DVD-R / W, DVD-RAM, DAT, 8 mm tape, memory Examples include a card, a hard disk, a ROM (read only memory), and an SSD.
- each step executed by the computer may be recorded as a single program, or may be recorded separately or in any combination as a separate program.
- a fish feed can be produced with reference to the nutritional requirement of fish determined by the method of the present invention.
- a feed can be produced by blending a metabolite determined to be highly demanded in fish by the method of the present invention into a raw material.
- feed can be produced by reducing the compounding amount of metabolites determined to be low in fish by the method of the present invention.
- the feed uses the same raw materials as those used for normal fish feed except that these specific metabolites are added to the raw materials and / or the amount of these specific metabolites is reduced. Can be manufactured. In this way, a feed containing these specific metabolites and / or a reduced amount of these specific metabolites is obtained.
- the feed thus produced can be suitably used for fish culture (breeding).
- liquid feed, powdered feed, solid feed, moist pellets, dry pellets, extruded pellets, raw feed, and other feed ingredients that are normally used as fish feeds are appropriately selected and blended according to the target fish. What is necessary is just to mix
- fish meal, bone meal, skim milk, cottonseed meal, wheat flour, wheat germ, rice bran, brewer's yeast, vitamins, soybean meal, plant residue, etc. are used as ingredients for blending feed ingredients as described above It is done.
- the function of each protein is annotated based on the amino acid sequence of the protein estimated from the genome information of trough puffer and human.
- iKeg KEGG local server
- KAAS KEGG Automatic Annotation Server
- the nutritional requirement of fish can be determined. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a mixed feed that matches the nutritional requirements of fish.
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Description
[1]
魚類の栄養要求性を決定する方法であって、
(1)魚類のゲノム情報から推定されるタンパク質のアミノ酸配列を、既知のタンパク質のアミノ酸配列と比較することにより、該魚類の各タンパク質の機能を推定すること、
(2)前記推定された各タンパク質の機能に基づき前記魚類が有する代謝経路を同定すること、および
(3)前記同定された前記魚類が有する代謝経路と、対照生物が有する代謝経路との違いに基づき、前記魚類の栄養要求性を決定すること、を含み、
前記対照生物が、哺乳類または鳥類である、方法。
[2]
前記対照生物のゲノム情報から推定されるタンパク質のアミノ酸配列を、既知のタンパク質のアミノ酸配列と比較することにより、該対照生物の各タンパク質の機能を推定すること、および、前記推定された各タンパク質の機能に基づき前記対照生物が有する代謝経路を同定すること、を含む、前記方法。
[3]
或る代謝経路が前記魚類に存在せず、且つ、前記対照生物に存在する場合に、該代謝経路により生成する代謝物の前記魚類における要求性が高いと決定することを特徴とする、前記方法。
[4]
前記アミノ酸配列がFASTAフォーマットで記述されている、前記方法。
[5]
BLASTを利用した既知のタンパク質との相同性検索により各タンパク質の機能が推定される、前記方法。
[6]
KEGG Orthology(KO)に基づくアノテーションにより各タンパク質の機能が推定される、前記方法。
[7]
前記推定された各タンパク質の機能が代謝経路上にマッピングされる、前記方法。
[8]
前記対照生物がヒトである、前記方法。
[9]
前記方法により前記魚類における要求性が高い代謝物を決定し、当該代謝物を飼料原料に添加することを特徴とする、魚類用飼料の製造方法。
本発明の方法は、魚類の栄養要求性を決定する方法である。
本発明のプログラムは、本発明の方法における各ステップをコンピュータに実行させるプログラムである。
(1)魚類のゲノム情報から推定されるタンパク質のアミノ酸配列を、既知のタンパク質のアミノ酸配列と比較することにより、該魚類の各タンパク質の機能を推定するステップ、
(2)前記推定された各タンパク質の機能に基づき前記魚類が有する代謝経路を同定するステップ、および
(3)前記同定された前記魚類が有する代謝経路と、対照生物が有する代謝経路との違いに基づき、前記魚類の栄養要求性を決定するステップ。
本発明の方法により決定された魚類の栄養要求性を参考に、魚類の飼料を製造できる。例えば、本発明の方法により魚類における要求性が高いと決定された代謝物を原料に配合して飼料を製造することができる。また、例えば、本発明の方法により魚類における要求性が低いと決定された代謝物の配合量を低下させて飼料を製造することができる。飼料は、これら特定の代謝物を原料に配合すること、および/または、これら特定の代謝物の配合量を低下させること以外は、通常の魚類の飼料と同様の原料を用い、同様の方法によって製造することができる。このようにして、これら特定の代謝物を含む、および/または、これら特定の代謝物の配合量が低下した飼料が得られる。このようにして製造された飼料は、魚類の養殖(飼育)に好適に利用できる。
本実施例では、トラフグとヒトのゲノム情報から推定されるタンパク質のアミノ酸配列に基づいて各タンパク質の機能のアノテーションを行い、アノテーション結果に基づきトラフグとヒトが有する代謝経路を同定および比較することで、トラフグにとって特異的に要求性が高い栄養素の候補を決定した。手順および結果を以下に示す。
Claims (9)
- 魚類の栄養要求性を決定する方法であって、
(1)魚類のゲノム情報から推定されるタンパク質のアミノ酸配列を、既知のタンパク質のアミノ酸配列と比較することにより、該魚類の各タンパク質の機能を推定すること、
(2)前記推定された各タンパク質の機能に基づき前記魚類が有する代謝経路を同定すること、および
(3)前記同定された前記魚類が有する代謝経路と、対照生物が有する代謝経路との違いに基づき、前記魚類の栄養要求性を決定すること、を含み、
前記対照生物が、哺乳類または鳥類である、方法。 - 前記対照生物のゲノム情報から推定されるタンパク質のアミノ酸配列を、既知のタンパク質のアミノ酸配列と比較することにより、該対照生物の各タンパク質の機能を推定すること、および、前記推定された各タンパク質の機能に基づき前記対照生物が有する代謝経路を同定すること、を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 或る代謝経路が前記魚類に存在せず、且つ、前記対照生物に存在する場合に、該代謝経路により生成する代謝物の前記魚類における要求性が高いと決定することを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記アミノ酸配列がFASTAフォーマットで記述されている、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- BLASTを利用した既知のタンパク質との相同性検索により各タンパク質の機能が推定される、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- KEGG Orthology(KO)に基づくアノテーションにより各タンパク質の機能が推定される、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記推定された各タンパク質の機能が代謝経路上にマッピングされる、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記対照生物がヒトである、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 請求項3~8のいずれか1項に記載の方法により前記魚類における要求性が高い代謝物を決定し、当該代謝物を飼料原料に添加することを特徴とする、魚類用飼料の製造方法。
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP13797068.7A EP2856868A4 (en) | 2012-05-30 | 2013-05-30 | METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE PRESENCE OF AUXOTROPHY IN A FISH |
| JP2014518726A JPWO2013180226A1 (ja) | 2012-05-30 | 2013-05-30 | 魚類の栄養要求性を決定する方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012-123399 | 2012-05-30 | ||
| JP2012123399 | 2012-05-30 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2013180226A1 true WO2013180226A1 (ja) | 2013-12-05 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2013/065066 Ceased WO2013180226A1 (ja) | 2012-05-30 | 2013-05-30 | 魚類の栄養要求性を決定する方法 |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2856868A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPWO2013180226A1 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2013180226A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117976055A (zh) * | 2024-03-01 | 2024-05-03 | 淄博市农业科学研究院 | 奶牛饲料优化方法 |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH02171127A (ja) * | 1988-12-23 | 1990-07-02 | Suntory Ltd | 魚貝類用餌料 |
| JPH05192088A (ja) * | 1991-11-26 | 1993-08-03 | Eli Lilly & Co | 改善された養魚法 |
| JP2008541756A (ja) * | 2005-06-03 | 2008-11-27 | トロウ・インターナショナル・ビー・ブイ | 養殖魚および生存条件下で貯蔵される魚のための飼料、ならびにそのような飼料の製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20070118295A1 (en) * | 2005-03-02 | 2007-05-24 | Al-Murrani Samer Waleed Khedhe | Methods and Systems for Designing Animal Food Compositions |
-
2013
- 2013-05-30 EP EP13797068.7A patent/EP2856868A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-05-30 JP JP2014518726A patent/JPWO2013180226A1/ja active Pending
- 2013-05-30 WO PCT/JP2013/065066 patent/WO2013180226A1/ja not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH02171127A (ja) * | 1988-12-23 | 1990-07-02 | Suntory Ltd | 魚貝類用餌料 |
| JPH05192088A (ja) * | 1991-11-26 | 1993-08-03 | Eli Lilly & Co | 改善された養魚法 |
| JP2008541756A (ja) * | 2005-06-03 | 2008-11-27 | トロウ・インターナショナル・ビー・ブイ | 養殖魚および生存条件下で貯蔵される魚のための飼料、ならびにそのような飼料の製造方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (6)
| Title |
|---|
| KANEHISA M ET AL., NUCLEIC ACIDS RES., vol. 34, 2006, pages D354 - 357 |
| KANEHISA M ET AL., NUCLEIC ACIDS RES., vol. 36, 2008, pages D480 - D484 |
| MORIYA Y ET AL., NUCLEIC ACIDS RES., vol. 35, July 2007 (2007-07-01), pages W182 - 5 |
| ROMERO P ET AL., GENOME BIOL., vol. 6, no. 1, 22 December 2004 (2004-12-22), pages R2 |
| See also references of EP2856868A4 |
| TAMURA T ET AL., GENOME INFORM., vol. 22, January 2010 (2010-01-01), pages 176 - 90 |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117976055A (zh) * | 2024-03-01 | 2024-05-03 | 淄博市农业科学研究院 | 奶牛饲料优化方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2856868A4 (en) | 2016-03-02 |
| JPWO2013180226A1 (ja) | 2016-01-21 |
| EP2856868A1 (en) | 2015-04-08 |
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