Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
  • C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
  • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
  • C04B41/46—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with organic materials
  • C04B41/48—Macromolecular compounds
  • C04B41/4853—Epoxides
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F26—DRYING
  • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
  • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
  • F26B3/28—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun
  • F26B3/30—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun from infrared-emitting elements
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F26—DRYING
  • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
  • F26B15/00—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form
  • F26B15/10—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions
  • F26B15/12—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions the lines being all horizontal or slightly inclined
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F26—DRYING
  • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
  • F26B2210/00—Drying processes and machines for solid objects characterised by the specific requirements of the drying goods
  • F26B2210/02—Ceramic articles or ceramic semi-finished articles

Definitions

• the invention protected in this Patent consists of a device for curing plastic resins by thermal radiation, in particular by the use of infrared rays, for application in building materials. Resin formulated for its destination as reinforcement and filling of imperfections on sheet materials such as marble, granite, ceramic and / or natural stone, or other laminar substrates composed of mechanical resistance or irregular surface are fixed by said heat treatment.
• plastic resins are known for uses of tensile reinforcement and mechanical resistance of materials, and is extended for applications of various kinds in different types of materials (semiconductors, equipment, parts, etc.) for both functional aspects such as Aesthetic and ornamental.
• materials semiconductor materials, equipment, parts, etc.
• the way of preparing them, the method of applying them, and the chemical composition of such plastic resins depend on their purpose and destination.
• Patents already disclosed with respect to its publication are those based on the composition such as world patent WO2009153274 of HENKEL AG & CO KGAA et al. (2009) on a specific epoxy composition for adhesive or sealant purposes by curing or Chinese patent CN101760124 of HONG WANG (2010) detailing a specific composition with its percentages, Or also describing the use of infrared radiation, the Korean patent KR20070006076 KIM YAE JE AL (2007) for plastic resins for adhesive purposes, or for other ornamental purposes of finishes in building materials of type jade and natural stone, also the Korean patent KR20010008758 of BEYUN SANG YOUN (2001).
• the type and degree of risk posed by composite materials basically depends on the specific work and the degree of cure of the resin as the material goes from being a tarp or wet resin to being a dry piece.
• the release of volatile components of the resin can be significant before (and during) the initial reaction of the resin and the curing agent, although it can also occur during the processing of materials that pass through more than one level of curing.
• the release of these components is greater in high temperature conditions or in work areas with poor ventilation, and their levels range from mere signs to moderate.
• the skin's exposure to the resin components in the Pre-cure status is usually an important factor in total risk, so it should be taken into consideration.
• the technical solution, motive of the invention tries to solve a triple problem.
• the reduction of curing times of plastic resins thanks to the use of thermal radiation by combining different wavelengths in the infrared radiation range, with a power density of at least 0.3 w / cm2, and maximum values of 4.4 w / cm2, with Wavelength between 1 and 4 microns that guarantees a volumetric hardening of both coating and renewal of imperfections with adjustable temperature between 40 and 250 ° C, preferably between 85 and 105 ° C.
• the second problem which is the availability of large-capacity air renewal systems, with renewed air controls and with the possibility of recirculation with air with control of emissions of dangerous pollutants in the air.
• the third problem is to achieve maximum efficiency against existing systems, and with the advantage of being more economically advantageous and safer.
• the radiation system allows an extremely reduced exposure cycle, of only a few minutes normally between 1 and 10 minutes, preferably between 2 and 3 minutes.
• the desired cross-linking is achieved - a process in which the epoxy polymer reacts with a hardener transforming from its liquid phase to an irreversible solid structure - which allows activation with the minimum energy expenditure, which will allow immediate material handling, or in a few minutes after a cooling phase.
• the process achieves a reduced cycle time and the pre-resin conditions, as well as the special formulation of the resins with reagents that allow the curing without waiting for 24 or 48 hours necessary for the degree of consolidation with commercial resins, normally epoxy amines or epoxy aminoaliphatics.
• commercial resins normally epoxy amines or epoxy aminoaliphatics.
• current systems require accumulators, with gelation times of chemically activated resins - pregel - from 30 minutes to almost 2 hours.
• the heating stages used amount to temperatures of more than 60 ° C, it is convenient to extract those gaseous phases such as the most volatile amines, which are part of the catalyst.
• An adequate extraction in the resin zone as well as the proper and perfect oven design will allow possible condensation on the emitters, always taking into account that an excess of renovation can cool the material lowering the yield, due to the sensible heat removed by the chimney.
• infrared radiation with the use of infrared emitting equipment in the industrial sector is very wide and vast, and they occupy an extensive list but its use can be highlighted in applications such as the drying of paints or varnishes, drying of paper, thermofixation of plastics, preheating of welds, curvature, tempered and laminated glass, among others.
• the irradiation on construction materials that concerns us can be prolonged or momentary taking into account aspects such as the distance from the emitters to the material, the speed of passage of the material (in the case of production chains) and the temperature that You want to get.
• infrared emitting equipment four types are distinguished depending on the wavelength they use:
• Shortwave infrared emitters one .
• Infrared radiation thermal radiation or IR radiation is a type of electromagnetic radiation of greater wavelength than visible light, but less than that of microwaves. Consequently, it has less frequency than visible light and greater than microwaves. Its wavelength range ranges from about 0.7 to 100 micrometers-1. Infrared radiation is emitted by any body whose temperature is greater than 0 Kelvin, that is, -273.15 degrees Celsius (absolute zero). Thus, infrared rays can be categorized into: near infrared (800 nm to 2500 nm)
• the near infrared (NIR) spectral region extends from the end of the highest visible lengths (around 780r
• the absorption bands in this area are overtones or combinations of the vibrational tension bands that occur in the region of 3000 to 1700 cm-1.
• the links involved are usually:
• Mid-infrared spectroscopy refers to mid-infrared spectroscopy, a region of frequency divided into group frequencies (2.5-8pm).
• group frequencies 2.5-8pm.
• the main absorption bands can be assigned to vibration units of a molecule, that is, units that only depend to a greater or lesser extent on the functional group that produces the absorption and not on the complete structure of the molecule.
• Structural influences appear in themselves as displacements of the absorption bands from one compound to another.
• the range of (2.5-4.0pm) absorption is characteristic of H stretching vibrations with elements of mass 19 or less. When they are coupled with heavier mass, the frequencies overlap in the triple bond region. (4.0-5.0pm) Double link frequencies are in the region between (5.0-6.5pm)
• the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is the process by which said radiation is captured by matter.
• optical absorption This radiation, at It can be absorbed, it can be re-emitted or transformed into another type of energy, such as heat or electrical energy.
• absorption is the phenomenon by which the energy of a photon is taken by another particle, such as an atom whose valence electrons make a transition between two electronic energy levels. The photon is then destroyed in the operation, the electromagnetic energy is absorbed and converted into electronic energy. This absorbed energy can be transformed back into:
• Electromagnetic energy by photon emission is Electromagnetic energy by photon emission.
• absorption is the phenomenon by which non-transparent materials (at ⁇ 0) attenuate any electromagnetic wave that passes through them, energy absorbed becomes heat (Joule effect).
• the phenomenon of absorption is related to the phenomenon of dispersion by Kramers-Kronig relations.
• the absorption rate varies with the wavelength of the incident light, which leads to the appearance of color in pigments that absorb certain wavelengths, but not for others. For example, with incident white light, an object that absorbs wavelengths in blue, green and yellow will appear in red. A black material absorbs all wavelengths (converted to heat, while a white material will reflect them.
• the proposed solution of the invention plays with the type of wavelength, irradiance, absorbed temperature, exposure time and distance between the emitter and the part or material to be treated, as well as the dielectric characteristics of the resin and its composition at the molecular level.
• the region between 15 to 1000pm contains the flexural vibrations of Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Fluorine with mass greater than 19 and additional molecular vibrations of cyclic or unsaturated systems.
• Low frequency molecular vibrations in the far infrared are very sensitive to changes in the structure conformation of the molecule.
• the far infrared bands differ predictably from the different isomers of the same basic compound.
• the fundamental characteristic of this type of lamps consists in their high radiation density within a large frequency spectrum, which explains why the color of these lamps is whiter than in the rest of their family.
• the halogen IR emitters are provided with a special halogen gas charge, which makes possible even higher temperatures and shorter wavelengths with long life. They practically do not need any cooling time and their costs are usually reduced.
• medium wave Another alternative is the medium wave.
• the medium wave infrared emitters are among the most used IR heat sources in industrial production.
• the maximum emission of this type of lamps is between 2.0 and 2.6 pm. Its intense action in a small space (up to 60 kw / m 2 ) ensures a medium profitability and is ideal to satisfy in situations of reduced space.
• the fast medium wave emitters close the gap in the emission range that previously existed between short and medium wave IR emitters. Their electrical characteristics closely resemble the electrical characteristics of the medium wave emitters but unlike them the fast average wave has a shorter thermal inertia and therefore a faster start.
• the maximum emission is around 1, 6 pm.
• These types of emitters need short heating times to regime and cooling always in the range of seconds.
• One of its characteristics is its large output power per unit area in a small space (up to 90 kW / m 2 ). This type of emitter allows good power regulation.
• the fast medium wave is especially indicated in those applications where short reaction times are required.
• infrared (IR) radiation is the fraction of solar radiation that produces heat effects. With a wavelength between 1 and 4 microns, infrared have a wide application in industrial production processes. Infrared emitters allow us to use, in a tight and efficient way, the spectrum of radiations with greater heat energy. Infrared not only produces the fastest heat, but also the most appropriate heat for specific applications. IR emitters allow individualized and vandalized results for heating and drying tasks of any type of material.
• IR allows us to have a "tailored heat" which in turn ensures us a simple, safe, and much more economical productivity due to its efficiency.
• An especially demanding example is the processes in which you have to work under vacuum or with high purity conditions.
• Another fundamental advantage of work with IR is that it does not require water or air to be able to act on the surface to be heated.
• IR heat is free of somewhat more harmful radiation fractions such as UV or X-rays.
• This system based on infrared radiation avoids the use of microwave-type generators, whose available frequency of 2.45 Ghz, or 900 MHz, implies the need for filters at the entrance and exit of the furnaces, and the use of conveyor belts with non-absorbent materials such as PP polypropylene, or TPFE, which limits their use in high thicknesses, large loads and temperatures above 100 ° C, which may limit the use in most marble and granite boards, whose transport is usually with metallic elements, such as chains, rollers or rollers.
• Figure 1 Section view of a substrate - granite, marble, natural stone, etc. - together with a coating of epoxy plastic resin impregnated to be cured.
• Figure 2 Section view of a substrate - granite, marble, natural stone, etc. - together with an epoxy plastic resin coating impregnated to be cured reinforced with a fiberglass mesh or synthetic materials.
• Figure 3 Section view of parts and components of the curing equipment of a module.
• Figure 4 View of a set of chained modules of the curing equipment.
• infrared radiation emitters are disposed that are mounted by the ceiling or by a side of the device, generally grouped by modules to the control unit.
• a control unit regulates the power, depending on the degree of temperature reached, the type and nature of the material to be treated, the exposure time, the thickness and height of the surface of the material to the emitter in each module.
• a preferred way is to place the emitters parallel to each other, and place them grouped, which have a reflector, usually stainless steel or aluminum, and an insulated panel and clips. This set has the mission to radiate on the surfaces of the materials avoiding thermal gradients.
• the working procedure is arranged as follows: In a first stage, by means of infrared drying, with a frequency of near-infrared radiation (NIR), the material prior to the resin is prepared, reaching recommended temperatures between 50 ° C and 60 ° C, and eliminating any trace of moisture. Alternatively, this drying can be perfectly replaced by combustion furnace with several burners or radiant plates of a minimum equivalent power of 10-15 kw / m2, also called irradiance, which is the radiation power radiated by the emitter surface.
• NIR near-infrared radiation
• the wavelength fields of this first stage will be in this case, between 1 to 2 microns, with the highest peak being 1, 2 microns. This preheating favors the capillarity, and therefore the penetration, and a greater fluidity of the resin when lowering the viscosity. With a minimum power of 5-15 kw / m2, depending on the line speed, usually between 0.7-3 m / min.
• the second stage is the phase called resin or impregnation, where the piece will be wet for reinforcement or impregnated for filtration.
• weights between 50-500 gr / m2, preferably 150-250 gr / m2.
• a curing is added by means of the most selective radiation-based device that allows maximum power absorption in most materials between 2.2 and 3.5 microns, which allows the vibration of the molecule of greater polarity, and especially the epoxy polymer chain.
• a sectional piece of a substrate can be seen - granite, marble, natural stone, etc. - (1), together with a coating of impregnated epoxy plastic resin (2), with the purpose of penetrating and infiltrating imperfections, irregularities and structural defects due to its viscosity and density.
• said piece can also be treated for its final finishing with the resin, also reinforced with a fiberglass mesh or synthetic materials (3), such as for example polyester or kevlar® synthesized polyamide, to increase its resistance to bending and pulling, as shown in Figure 2.
• the combination of the substrate (1), impregnated epoxy plastic resin (2), and where appropriate a fiberglass mesh or synthetic materials (3), is the result of the materials to be treated (12). More specifically, in the Figure.
• Infrared radiation classification according to wavelength range.
• each radiating module or unit is formed by a number of variable emitters, depending on their length and power as can be seen, and all of them chain the introduction of renewed air through the outlet (10) and inlet (11) of each of the modules, to neutralize the resulting vapors.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Microbiology (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)

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Cited By (5)

Citations (4)

• 2012
  • 2012-06-05 WO PCT/ES2012/070415 patent/WO2013182714A1/fr not_active Ceased

Patent Citations (4)

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