Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B17/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type
  • F25B17/08—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
  • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
  • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
  • B60H1/3201—Cooling devices using absorption or adsorption
  • B60H1/32014—Cooling devices using absorption or adsorption using adsorption, e.g. using Zeolite and water

Definitions

• Adsorption refrigeration system method for operating an adsorption refrigeration system, air conditioning for a vehicle and method for operating an air conditioning system
• the invention relates to an adsorption refrigeration system according to the preamble of claim 1.
• the invention also relates to an air conditioning system for a vehicle, a method for operating an adsorption refrigeration system and a method for operating an air conditioning system for a vehicle.
• An adsorption refrigeration system generates a cooling capacity for the air conditioning of rooms, z. B. also of vehicle interiors.
• the refrigerating capacity is provided when a microporous adsorber adsorbs a refrigerant vapor and thus lowers the vapor pressure so that liquid refrigerant can be vaporized in an evaporator connected to the adsorber.
• the evaporator is designed as a heat exchanger, the evaporating working fluid, for example, withdraw heat from an air flow and thus provide a cooling capacity.
• the adsorber is also a heat exchanger, on the surface of which an adsorber material is applied. The heat exchanger dissipates the heat generated during the adsorption of working medium vapor.
• the adsorber If the adsorber is completely charged with a refrigerant, it must be regenerated. For this purpose, the adsorber heat is supplied, whereby the refrigerant is expelled again. The expelled refrigerant vapor is collected in a recooled condenser. During the regeneration or desorption phase, the adsorber can not
• an air conditioning system for a vehicle which comprises an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser and an expansion element, which in a
• Refrigerant circuit are arranged so that a refrigerant from the compressor via the condenser and the expansion device can be supplied to the evaporator.
• the disadvantage of this is that the refrigerant compressor is driven by the engine and no cooling takes place when the engine is not running. Even a brief interruption of the provision of refrigeration can lead to discomfort, due to solar radiation and lack of insulation of the vehicle cab.
• Refrigerant evaporator heat exchanger in which a latent storage material is embedded.
• the latent storage material ensures that in a stop phase, for a few minutes, despite the lack of evaporation capacity, the cooling temperature can be maintained.
• an adsorption refrigeration system comprises a
• Evaporator an adsorber, which is coupled to the evaporator, so that
• vaporous working fluid can pass from the evaporator to the adsorber, a
• Capacitor which is coupled to the adsorber, so that vaporous working fluid can pass from the adsorber to the condenser and which is coupled to the evaporator is, so that liquid working fluid can pass from the condenser to the evaporator, and a metering device, via which working fluid can be supplied to the evaporator.
• the adsorption refrigeration system according to the invention has the advantage that a continuous provision of refrigeration is ideally possible decoupled from the operation of the internal combustion engine.
• the system is adapted to provide air conditioning power over a period of time without continuous external input of thermal energy in the form of waste heat or mechanical energy in the form of a drive via the internal combustion engine.
• a small input of electrical energy may be required for the control of the metering device and / or for the operation of a control logic, which is negligible compared to the energy required for the air conditioning power and in some embodiments, for example, by a battery power can be provided.
• the system is particularly suitable for vehicles with a start-stop system, so that the refrigeration supply temperature can be maintained.
• a housing of the metering device can for example be manufactured in one piece with the evaporator, be used in this, flanged or indirectly, for example, be coupled by a Wegsseelement such as a hose or a pipe to the evaporator.
• a housing of the metering device can also be manufactured in one piece with the condenser, can be inserted into it, flanged on or indirectly, for example by a connection element such as a hose or a pipe, be coupled to the capacitor.
• the metering device is coupled to the evaporator such that direct injection of the working fluid into the evaporator is possible.
• the metering device has means which a homogeneous spatial
• a large, homogeneous layer on the inner surface in the bottom region of the evaporator for example, a complete wetting of the
• an adsorption refrigeration system has a further adsorber, which is coupled to the evaporator, so that vaporous working medium can pass from the evaporator to the further adsorber, and which is coupled to the condenser, so that vaporous working medium from the further adsorber Capacitor can get.
• the adsorption refrigeration system is equipped with only one adsorber.
• the overall system can be implemented very cost-effective, light and compact, so that it is suitable for mobile use, especially in vehicles.
• a continuous provision of refrigeration is made possible by the metering device in the adsorption system according to the invention.
• the adsorption plant comprises a
• Capacitor can be supplied.
• the outflow device is preferably suitable for supplying working medium located in the evaporator to the condenser after the system has been switched off. As a result, melt water, which during a
• the drainage device may, for example, be configured as a passage opening with a drainage pipe adjoining thereto, which is located in a lower region of the evaporator, for example on the lower side or on a lower section in a side wall.
• the condenser is preferably installed below the evaporator, so that a drainage of the liquid working medium via gravity is possible.
• a pumping device may be provided, which is suitable for pumping liquid working fluid from the evaporator to the condenser.
• the capacitor is expediently designed icing, so that it can not be damaged if water freezes in it. This is preferably achieved by a conical design.
• an air conditioning system for a vehicle is proposed, which has one of the adsorption refrigeration systems described above. Because the
• Adsorption refrigeration system already with only one adsorber a continuous
• this embodiment of the system is particularly advantageous in vehicles used because it has a low weight and low
• Adsorptionshimltestrom a) an adsorption phase in which a working fluid evaporates in an evaporator, the vaporous working medium passes to an adsorber and adsorbed on the adsorber, while working fluid from a condenser is fed to the evaporator and b) a desorption phase, in which at the adsorber adsorbed working fluid expelled, passes to a condenser and is liquefied there.
• the working fluid is added to the evaporator.
• the metered addition preferably takes place in the adsorption phase.
• Desorption phase then no liquid working fluid is metered into the evaporator, but only condensed water collected in the condenser, or collecting tank to be supplied to the evaporator in the subsequent adsorption phase.
• the method according to the invention is distinguished from the methods known from the prior art in that a cooling capacity is regulated by metering in the working fluid.
• the scheme is ideally a continuous
• Refrigeration provision enabled This applies both to two- or multi-bed plants and in an adsorption refrigeration plant, which works with only one adsorber bed.
• a temperature which allows coexistence of solid, liquid and gaseous phase of the working fluid.
• the pressure reduction caused by the adsorption in the system is also preferably so pronounced that a coexistence of solid, liquid and gaseous phase of the working fluid in the evaporator is possible.
• the triple point which allows the coexistence of solid, liquid and gaseous phase, at 273, 16 K at 61 1, 6 Pa.
• the metering dosing regulates above a threshold, the amount of freezing ice and no longer the provided cooling capacity. It is therefore intended that the
• Dosing of the working fluid is oversized, i. during the adsorption phase, a larger amount of the working medium is metered into the evaporator than passes from the evaporator to the adsorber. This happens because the metering device injects a larger amount of working fluid in the evaporator, as needed for the current refrigeration provision. This ensures that a growing amount of ice is produced during the adsorption phase, which is sufficient for bridging the desorption phase.
• Regeneration phase of the adsorber to expel the adsorbed working fluid again is bridged with respect to the cooling capacity by a phase in which there is a melting of the ice in the evaporator.
• the adsorber and the cooling of the adsorber are designed oversized, so that the adsorption no limitation of the power of
• Adsorption means are both the Adsorberksselung and the
• the cooling discharge is determined only by the air mass flow, from which the heat is removed.
• a check valve is provided, which prevents expelled working medium vapor flows back to the evaporator.
• the control of the check valve can be done, for example, electrically or passively in the form of a non-return valve.
• the working medium vapor is passed to the condenser, where the working fluid is cooled, condensed and collected. Due to lack of adsorption no working fluid is vaporized in the evaporator.
• the air flow to be cooled can still be sufficiently cooled, as long as the ice melts in the evaporator and the conditions are present at the triple point of the working fluid.
• desorption of the adsorber is ideally completed to allow the adsorber to be returned to adsorption mode before the temperature of the evaporator rises.
• the working temperature and the pressure are restored by energy input from the outside, as soon as the ice has melted in the evaporator and the conditions at the triple point of the working fluid are no longer present.
• Adsorption refrigeration plant proposed.
• the air conditioner is operated during the desorption in a recirculation mode and operated during the adsorption phase in a fresh air operation. Recirculation mode during the desorption phase reduces the thermal energy that must be stored.
• Adsorption phase sufficient fresh air supply can be realized in the passenger compartment to regulate the C0 2 content of the air.
• Figure 1 shows a Zweettadsorptionsstrom according to the prior art
• Figure 2 shows a twin bed adsorption plant according to the prior art
• 3 shows a first embodiment of an adsorption plant with a metering device
• Figure 4 shows a second embodiment of an adsorption plant with a metering device
• Figure 5 is a schematic representation of a mass flow in the metering
• Figure 6 is a schematic representation of a conical evaporator
• FIG. 1 schematically shows a twin adsorption plant 102 according to the prior art.
• the two-bed adsorption plant 102 comprises a first adsorber 104, a second adsorber 106, an evaporator 108 and a condenser 1 10.
• the first adsorber 104 is in an adsorption phase.
• the second adsorber 106 is in a desorption phase.
• the evaporator 108 is formed as a heat exchanger and takes a first
• Quantity of heat for example from a to be cooled air stream 122, on.
• the evaporator 108 is coupled via a line 124 to the first adsorber 104, so that vaporous working fluid can be supplied to the first adsorber 104.
• the first adsorber 104 is designed as a heat exchanger and outputs a released during the adsorption of the working material amount of heat, for example via cooling channels 126 to a heat sink, not shown.
• the second adsorber 106 is also designed as a heat exchanger and takes over Schukanäle 128 a quantity of heat. As a result, adsorbed in the second adsorbent working fluid is expelled and fed as a vapor via a line 130 to the condenser 1 10.
• the condenser 110 has a recooling 132.
• the vaporous working fluid condenses in the condenser 1 10 and is connected via a
• a pressure separating device 136 for example, designed as a siphon, the evaporator 108 supplied.
• FIG. 2 shows the twin adsorption plant according to FIG. 1 after a switchover in which the two adsorbers 104, 106 have exchanged their function.
• the first adsorber 104 is here in the desorption phase and the second adsorber 106 is in the adsorption phase.
• the evaporator 108 is coupled via a further line 138 with the second adsorber 106, so that vaporous working medium can be supplied to the second adsorber 106.
• the second adsorber 106 releases the heat released during the adsorption of the working material, for example, via cooling channels 140 to another or the same heat sink, not shown.
• the first adsorber 104 is over a line 142 coupled to a heat supply, which expels the adsorbed there working fluid.
• the first adsorber 104 is connected via a further line 144 to the condenser 1 10, so that vaporous working fluid from the first adsorber 104 to
• Capacitor 1 10 can get.
• the vaporous working fluid condenses in the condenser 110 and is supplied to the evaporator 108 via the return line 134 as well as via the optional pressure separating device 136.
• the adsorption plant 2 is designed as a Einbettadsorptionsstrom and includes an adsorber 4, an evaporator 8 and a condenser 10.
• the adsorber 4 is coupled via a first line 24 to the evaporator 8, so that vaporous working fluid can pass from the evaporator 8 to the adsorber 4.
• a valve 12 which can prevent backflow of working medium vapor to the evaporator 8, when the pressure in the adsorber 4 is greater than in the evaporator 8.
• the valve 12 is preferably a passive check valve, but can also be an electric or be hydraulically switchable valve.
• the condenser 10 is coupled to the adsorber 4 via a second line 30 so that vaporous working fluid can pass from the adsorber 4 to the condenser 10.
• the condenser 10 is coupled to the evaporator 8 via a third line 34 so that liquid working fluid can pass from the condenser 10 to the evaporator 8.
• Liquefied working fluid 18 is assigned via the third line 34
• the metering device 3 fed to the evaporator 8.
• the metering device 3 has
• a metering valve for injecting the working fluid 18 in the evaporator may have an electrical interface for driving.
• the metering device 3 for example, as a metering module for fuel injection in a
• the metering device 3 is coupled according to the illustrated embodiment to the evaporator 8, that a direct injection of the working fluid 18 in the evaporator 8 is possible.
• the metering device 3 filled with the working fluid 18 over a large area a bottom 14 of the evaporator 8. Due to the conditions prevailing in the evaporator at the triple point of the working fluid, a solid substance 16 of the working fluid 18 forms on the bottom 14.
• a region of the evaporator 8, here by way of example the bottom 14 of the evaporator 8, is coupled to a heat flow 22 to be cooled.
• a drain device 26 is further coupled.
• the bottom 14 of the evaporator 8 for this purpose has an opening 28 through which liquid working fluid can flow into a drain pipe 32.
• a pump 36 can drive the drain of the working fluid. Alternatively, or in addition to this, the outflow of the working fluid can take place gravitationally.
• the drain pipe 32 in turn opens into the condenser 10, where the
• the evaporator 8 has a sensor 20 which allows a check as to whether in the condenser 8 the conditions of the triple point of the
• Working medium 18 prevail.
• the cooling of the evaporator 8 to the temperature at the triple point of the working fluid is achieved by the evaporation of the working fluid, which is deprived of an enthalpy of vaporization.
• the adsorber 4 has, for example, an open-pored metal sponge 44. Since the coolant is to attach to the adsorbent, are especially substances that are very fine-pored and have a very large inner surface. This condition is met particularly well by zeolites, silica gel or activated carbon.
• the adsorber also has a heat supply and / or drain 38, which is for the removal of the
• the open-pored metal sponge 44 may have at least one heat transfer tube, preferably a plurality of heat transfer tubes, through which heat can be added and removed efficiently.
• the condenser 10 has a recooling 40, through which the conditions are provided in the condenser 10, so that the working fluid condenses there.
• vaporous working fluid passes from the evaporator 8 to the adsorber 4 and is adsorbed on the adsorber 4.
• Dosing device 3 The dosing device 3, the condenser 10 and the evaporator 8 may, as described with reference to Figure 3, cooling and heat structures, sensors and the discharge device, not shown.
• the adsorption plant 2 here has a first adsorber 4 and a second adsorber 6, which are respectively coupled to the condenser 10 and to the evaporator 8.
• the first adsorber 4 is coupled via the first line 24 to the evaporator 8, so that vaporous working fluid can pass from the evaporator 8 to the first adsorber 4.
• In the first line 24 is the valve 12.
• the condenser 10 is coupled via the second line 30 to the first adsorber 4, so that vaporous working fluid can pass from the first adsorber 4 to the condenser 10.
• the condenser 10 is coupled via the third line 34 to the evaporator 8, that liquid working fluid can pass from the condenser 10 to the evaporator 8.
• the second adsorber 6 is coupled via a fourth line 46 to the evaporator 8, so that vaporous working fluid can pass from the evaporator 8 to the second adsorber 6.
• a fourth line 46 is another valve 48, which may be configured as described with reference to FIG.
• the condenser 10 is coupled via a fifth line 50 to the second adsorber 6 so that vaporous working fluid can pass from the second adsorber 6 to the condenser 10.
• the modes can be in some
• Embodiments for example, be determined by electrical circuit of the valves 12, 48.
• the adsorption plant 2 may comprise further adsorber, which is not shown. These can be operated in switching mode or be switched in the same way.
• FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of a mass flow 52 during metering.
• a metered mass flow 54 of the working fluid is divided into a first partial flow 56 and a second partial flow 58.
• the division of the metered mass flow 54 into the partial streams 56, 58 takes place in the evaporator 8 of the adsorption plant 2, which was described for example with reference to FIG.
• the first partial flow 56 of the metered Mass flow 54 evaporates in the evaporator 8 and ensures an immediate
• the second partial stream 58 of the metered mass flow 54 freezes and serves for cold storage for later provision during the desorption phases of the adsorber 4 or the adsorbers 4, 6.
• FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of a conical evaporator 8 with an indirect feed 40, shown here schematically, of a heat flow to be cooled, which can be used in an adsorption plant 2 which has been described, for example, with reference to FIG. 3 or FIG.
• the evaporator 8 has tapered side walls 60, 62, which taper towards a bottom 64. This ensures that the working fluid 18 collects at the bottom 64 of the evaporator 8 and can expand when freezing the working fluid 18 upwards without damaging the evaporator housing.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)

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Citations (6)

• 2012
  • 2012-06-22 DE DE102012210610A patent/DE102012210610A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2013
  • 2013-04-24 WO PCT/EP2013/058496 patent/WO2013189642A1/fr not_active Ceased

Patent Citations (6)

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