WO2014001928A2 - Système et procédé permettant d'améliorer la vigilance - Google Patents

Système et procédé permettant d'améliorer la vigilance Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014001928A2
WO2014001928A2 PCT/IB2013/054560 IB2013054560W WO2014001928A2 WO 2014001928 A2 WO2014001928 A2 WO 2014001928A2 IB 2013054560 W IB2013054560 W IB 2013054560W WO 2014001928 A2 WO2014001928 A2 WO 2014001928A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
recovery
subject
sleep
stimulator
alertness
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Ceased
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PCT/IB2013/054560
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English (en)
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WO2014001928A3 (fr
Inventor
Mirela Alina WEFFERS-ALBU
Gary Nelson Garcia Molina
Vanja Hommes
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/16—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state
    • A61B5/18—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state for vehicle drivers or machine operators
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
    • A61B5/369—Electroencephalography [EEG]
    • A61B5/384—Recording apparatus or displays specially adapted therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
    • A61B5/389—Electromyography [EMG]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/48—Other medical applications
    • A61B5/4806—Sleep evaluation
    • A61B5/4812—Detecting sleep stages or cycles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M21/00—Other devices or methods to cause a change in the state of consciousness; Devices for producing or ending sleep by mechanical, optical, or acoustical means, e.g. for hypnosis
    • A61M21/02—Other devices or methods to cause a change in the state of consciousness; Devices for producing or ending sleep by mechanical, optical, or acoustical means, e.g. for hypnosis for inducing sleep or relaxation, e.g. by direct nerve stimulation, hypnosis, analgesia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N5/0613—Apparatus adapted for a specific treatment
    • A61N5/0618—Psychological treatment
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
    • G08B21/02—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons
    • G08B21/06—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons indicating a condition of sleep, e.g. anti-dozing alarms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
    • A61B5/6813—Specially adapted to be attached to a specific body part
    • A61B5/6814—Head
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M21/00—Other devices or methods to cause a change in the state of consciousness; Devices for producing or ending sleep by mechanical, optical, or acoustical means, e.g. for hypnosis
    • A61M2021/0005—Other devices or methods to cause a change in the state of consciousness; Devices for producing or ending sleep by mechanical, optical, or acoustical means, e.g. for hypnosis by the use of a particular sense, or stimulus
    • A61M2021/0027—Other devices or methods to cause a change in the state of consciousness; Devices for producing or ending sleep by mechanical, optical, or acoustical means, e.g. for hypnosis by the use of a particular sense, or stimulus by the hearing sense
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M21/00—Other devices or methods to cause a change in the state of consciousness; Devices for producing or ending sleep by mechanical, optical, or acoustical means, e.g. for hypnosis
    • A61M2021/0005—Other devices or methods to cause a change in the state of consciousness; Devices for producing or ending sleep by mechanical, optical, or acoustical means, e.g. for hypnosis by the use of a particular sense, or stimulus
    • A61M2021/0044—Other devices or methods to cause a change in the state of consciousness; Devices for producing or ending sleep by mechanical, optical, or acoustical means, e.g. for hypnosis by the use of a particular sense, or stimulus by the sight sense
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M21/00—Other devices or methods to cause a change in the state of consciousness; Devices for producing or ending sleep by mechanical, optical, or acoustical means, e.g. for hypnosis
    • A61M2021/0005—Other devices or methods to cause a change in the state of consciousness; Devices for producing or ending sleep by mechanical, optical, or acoustical means, e.g. for hypnosis by the use of a particular sense, or stimulus
    • A61M2021/0083—Other devices or methods to cause a change in the state of consciousness; Devices for producing or ending sleep by mechanical, optical, or acoustical means, e.g. for hypnosis by the use of a particular sense, or stimulus especially for waking up
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2230/00—Measuring parameters of the user
    • A61M2230/08—Other bio-electrical signals
    • A61M2230/10—Electroencephalographic signals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N2005/0635—Radiation therapy using light characterised by the body area to be irradiated
    • A61N2005/0643—Applicators, probes irradiating specific body areas in close proximity
    • A61N2005/0645—Applicators worn by the patient
    • A61N2005/0647—Applicators worn by the patient the applicator adapted to be worn on the head
    • A61N2005/0648—Applicators worn by the patient the applicator adapted to be worn on the head the light being directed to the eyes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system and method for enhancing alertness and performance, in particular for enhancing or recovering alertness of vehicle drivers.
  • the present invention addresses safety measures and accident prevention in general, since basically a lot of activities may become hazardous when carried out by individuals while being in a state of decreased alertness.
  • US 2004/0233060 Al discloses a driver drowsiness detecting and waking device comprising:
  • a high-sensitivity stress sensor attached to a temple bow of a glasses frame at a position thereof in the vicinity of a temple of a user
  • a micro-computer that detects a blinking motion of eyelids of the user from information supplied from the high-sensitivity stress sensor and determines the drowsiness of the user on the basis of the detected information
  • a waking device operating on a basis of a drowsiness signal from the microcomputer.
  • the user's drowsiness can be detected and a waking stimulus can be exerted to the user by means of the waking device.
  • the high-sensitivity stress sensor is not acceptable, since basically wearing glasses is required for supporting the sensor. Therefore, the device is considered rather obtrusive.
  • the device further comprises a milligauss ultra-low frequency AC magnetic field generator driven on the basis of the drowsiness signal from the microcomputer, wherein the generator is configured for generating a magnetic field which is applied to the brain of the user.
  • a milligauss ultra-low frequency AC magnetic field generator driven on the basis of the drowsiness signal from the microcomputer, wherein the generator is configured for generating a magnetic field which is applied to the brain of the user.
  • a stimulus is exerted to the driver. So far, the stimulus may consist of a warning sign (coffee break light), a tactile sign (e.g., buzzers integrated in a seat), an audio signal (sound or voice stimulus), and an olfactory signal (e.g., refreshing fragrance).
  • a warning sign coffee break light
  • a tactile sign e.g., buzzers integrated in a seat
  • an audio signal sound or voice stimulus
  • an olfactory signal e.g., refreshing fragrance
  • a system for enhancing alertness, in particular for enhancing driver alertness comprising:
  • At least one drowsiness detector for detecting at least one first signal at least partially indicative of a physiological state of a subject
  • a trigger controller for initiating a recovery procedure under consideration of the at least one first signal, the recovery procedure comprising a sleep onset stage, a resting stage and an alertness enhancement stage,
  • At least one recovery sensor for detecting at least one second signal attributable to a recovery-related physiological state of the subject
  • the recovery stimulator device for selectively influencing the recovery-related physiological state of the subject, the recovery stimulator device comprising: at least one light source for selectively administering light to the subject,
  • a recovery controller configured for controlling the recovery stimulator device under consideration of the at least one detected second signal, at least while executing the recovery procedure.
  • the present invention is based on the idea that the best results in terms of accident prevention can be achieved when the subject (e.g., the operator or driver) is prompt to undergo a recovery procedure, for instance, a resting procedure.
  • a recovery procedure for instance, a resting procedure.
  • the subject instead of applying singular short-term stimulations to the subject, the subject can be guided through a genuine recovery (or: sleep) phase.
  • the alertness enhancement stage the subject additionally can be stimulated so as to further enhance alertness. Since the subject is already recovered to a certain extend before extra alertness enhancement measures are applied, the alertness enhancement stimulation can be even more effective. In particular the adverse adaption to singular short-term stimulations can be reduced or even prevented in this way.
  • the at least one drowsiness detector can be configured for directly or indirectly monitoring the object at least during an active stage, for instance, while driving a vehicle or operating a machine.
  • drowsiness detection can be directed to detecting eyelid motion or eye-blinking.
  • specific eyelid-motion patterns can be attributed to beginning drowsiness.
  • drowsiness detection can be directed to monitoring macroscopic subject motion, for instance, operating motion, steering motion etc. Furthermore, drowsiness detection can be directed to determine the subject's response time.
  • drowsiness detection can be directed to monitor vehicle behavior (for instance, lane departure monitoring) allowing conclusions as to the subjects actual drowsiness state. It goes without saying that the at least one drowsiness detector can make use of more than one of the afore-mentioned approaches by implementing several sensors.
  • the term "stimulator” or “stimulation” is not limited to a treatment directed to (directly) enhancing alertness. Instead, these terms can also be used in connection with a treatment directing the subject into a resting phase, e.g., a sleep phase. In addition, also a treatment directed to sleep control or sleep guidance can make use of "stimulations" According to another aspect the recovery stimulator device comprises at least one of the following:
  • each of the above-mentioned stimulators can be separately embodied by distinct components.
  • each of the stimulators can make use of at least one light source.
  • further suitable stimulator elements can be utilized.
  • each of the afore-mentioned sleep onset stimulator, sleep guidance stimulator, awakening sensory stimulator and alertness enhancement stimulator can represent a distinct operation mode of the recovery stimulator device.
  • the stimulators can at least partially make use of the same stimulator elements.
  • the recovery stimulator device can be configured to be driven in at least one of the following configurations:
  • the above stimulators or configurations can be either physically defined, or logically defined by a respective suitable subset of the stimulator elements, at least by the at least one light source.
  • the at least one sleep onset stimulator comprises at least one of a dimmable light source and a sound sensory element.
  • dimmed light can be applied to the subject guiding the subject into the resting stage.
  • Sleep onset can be supported by further directing recreational or relaxing sounds or music to the subject during the sleep onset stage via said sleep onset stimulator.
  • the at least one awakening sensory stimulator comprises at least one of a lighting sensory element, a tactile sensory element, and a sound sensory element.
  • awakening basically can be carried out using at least one of a light stimulus, a tactile stimulus, and a sound stimulus.
  • the at least one awakening sensory stimulator can be configured for initiating the mere wakening event, but can be further configured for guiding the subject after the initial wakening event. Quite often the subject suffers from so-called sleep inertia, reducing performance for a certain period (for instance, for several minutes) after the wakening event. So at least the lighting sensory element can be utilized so as to further enhance the subject's alertness to accomplish the recovery procedure.
  • the recovery controller is coupled to the recovery stimulator device and the at least one recovery sensor, wherein the recovery controller is configured for controlling the recovery stimulator device so as to execute a guided recovery sleep procedure, in particular a power nap procedure.
  • the recovery controller can be configured for applying a defined recovery regime or a recovery "road map" to the subject so as to further enhance alertness in a predictable way.
  • a power nap can be considered a short sleep which terminates before the occurrence of so-called deep sleep phases.
  • power napping is intended to quickly revitalize the sleeping subject, in particular when a sleep deficit has been accumulated.
  • the concept of power napping is directed to maximize the benefits of sleep versus time.
  • durations of power naps are very short compared to regular sleep. Therefore, power napping qualifies as a suitable measure for recovering and enhancing alertness, in particular vehicle driver's alertness.
  • a power nap takes less than 30 minutes, preferably even less time. Longer lasting or sleeping periods tend to involve so-called deep sleep portions which are considered to cause sleep inertia immediately after awakening. By avoiding said deep sleep phase, sleep inertia can be reduced to a great extent.
  • the recovery stimulator device is selectively operated by the recovery controller in a sleep onset stage, wherein the subject is guided through a sleep onset phase, in a restful sleep state, wherein the subject is guided through a restful sleep phase, and in an awakening state, wherein the subject is guided through an awakening phase.
  • state can refer to an actual operation mode of the system, in particular of the recovery stimulator device.
  • stage can refer to an objective portion of the recovery procedure, for instance, as defined by a recovery road map.
  • phase can refer to a current subjective recovery phase the subject undergoes or experiences.
  • an exemplary sleeping procedure can be composed of several stages. Each of the stages can be characterized by corresponding brain wave patterns.
  • stage Nl can denote a sleep onset phase.
  • Stage N2 can denote a sleep phase, in which conscious awareness of the external environment disappears. For adult sleepers, N2 covers a huge portion of total sleep duration.
  • Stage N3 denotes the sleep phase, in which the transition into deep sleep occurs.
  • Stage N4 denotes the deep sleep phase.
  • stages N3 and N4 can be combined and together referred to as stage N3.
  • Each of the stages Nl, N2 and N3 is characterized by certain brain wave patterns as measured by electroencephalography (EEG), for instance.
  • EEG electroencephalography
  • ⁇ delta ( ⁇ ) waves denote the frequency band between about 1 and 4 Hz.
  • Theta ( ⁇ ) waves denote the frequency band between about 4 and 7 Hz.
  • Alpha (a) waves denote the frequency band between about 8 and 13 Hz.
  • Beta ( ⁇ ) waves denote the frequency band between about 15 and 30 Hz.
  • the recovery stimulator device can be adapted for selectively influencing p.
  • the following table represents exemplary values for the ratio p for three individuals obtained during experiments in a sleep laboratory.
  • brain wave patterns can be further monitored and detected in the awake stage, since they allow conclusions regarding an actual alertness of the subject even when the subject is in the awake phase. Therefore, based on brain wave stimulation the awake subject can be guided into sleep when drowsiness reaches a certain level. On the other hand, immediately after the waking stimulus, the object can be further influenced and guided into a state of increased alertness.
  • the recovery controller is further configured to operate the recovery stimulator device in the restful sleep state such that the subject is inhibited from transition into a deep sleep phase.
  • Detecting an imminent transition into the deep sleep phase may cause several actions.
  • the recovery controller can operate the recovery stimulator device so as to keep the subject sleeping.
  • transition into deep sleep can be further utilized as a trigger for initiating the awakening phase.
  • an awakening stimulus can be applied to the subject so as to prevent it from entering the deep sleep phase. Both alternatives are directed to reduce sleep inertia.
  • the recovery controller in the sleep onset state, operates the recovery stimulator device such that light is administered to the subject via said at least one light source, the light exposure having at least one of a decreasing frequency and a decreasing intensity.
  • the term "frequency” refers to (macroscopic) light pulsation
  • wavelength typically refers to electromagnetic (spectral) properties of the light.
  • the light exposure can be adapted to wave patterns which are associated to sleep onset. As mentioned above, sleep onset can be further supported by directing relaxing sounds to the subject.
  • the recovery controller can be further configured for driving the recovery stimulator device in the sleep onset phase such that entrainment of ⁇ waves is applied to the subject so as to enhance ⁇ portions of the subject's brain waves and consequently decrease p. Also in this way, sleep onset can be facilitated.
  • the recovery controller in the awakening state further operates the recovery stimulator device such that a short-wavelength light stimulation is applied to the subject in the alertness enhancement stage at a defined duration and at a defined wavelength.
  • Such a light exposure is considered to facilitate and support the waking process. Furthermore, the subject's alertness can be even further enhanced.
  • the (primary) awakening stimulus and the short-wavelength light stimulation can at least partially overlap over time.
  • the (primary) awakening stimulus can initiate a subsequent short-wavelength light stimulation.
  • system further comprises a support element attachable to the subject, in particular a mask, at least partially housing the recovery stimulator device and the at least one recovery sensor, the support element comprising at least one cover element at least partially covering the subject against ambient influences.
  • the support element can comprise light stimulators, sound stimulators, tactile stimulators, etc.
  • the support element can be embodied by an eye mask or, in general, a face mask.
  • the mask can further cover the subject's ears.
  • the subject can be at least partially covered against ambient illumination and/or ambient noise. Therefore, the subject can undergo the recovery procedure even under potentially adverse ambient conditions (daylight, artificial illumination, traffic noises, etc.).
  • system further comprises a vehicle based or hand-held navigator device, in particular a satellite navigator device, configured for routing the subject to a resting area upon being instructed by the trigger controller under
  • the above-mentioned trigger controller can be further utilized to trigger the navigator device so as to direct the subject to a suitable place. This applies in particular for vehicle drivers.
  • the recovery procedure can be performed.
  • the resting area can be a parking area, a rest house, a service area, a gas station, a petrol station etc.
  • the navigator device can be embodied by a global positioning system (GPS) satellite navigator.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • the navigator device can be further configured for determining time, place, actual time of sunrise, actual time of sunset, etc. In this way, further ambient conditions can be considered during the recovery procedure.
  • the at least one recovery sensor is configured for monitoring brain activity, in particular wherein the at least one recovery sensor is embodied by at least one electroencephalography (EEG) sensor detecting brain wave patterns.
  • EEG electroencephalography
  • the at least one recovery sensor is at least partially implemented in the support element, in particular in the mask.
  • the at least one recovery sensor can make use of at least one EEG-electrode.
  • sleep phase measurement can be further based on electrooculography (EOG) sensors, electromyography (EMG) sensors, and similar sensors. Furthermore, the subject's motion while sleeping can be monitored and analyzed so as to at least roughly determine actual sleep phases.
  • EEG electrooculography
  • EMG electromyography
  • the recovery controller is further configured to operate the recovery stimulator device, in particular the at least one light source, so as to selectively enhance or inhibit respective wave patterns.
  • brain wave patterns can be monitored so as to detect sleep phases but, vice versa, brain waves also can be also influenced so as to "induce” desired sleep phases. This applies in particular in the restful sleep stage of the recovery procedure.
  • the drowsiness detector comprises at least one of a vehicle behavior sensor, a steering wheel movement sensor, and a driver monitoring sensor.
  • vehicles may comprise so-called electronic stability control devices.
  • these devices comprise several sensors for monitoring the vehicle's actual (dynamic) driving condition. It can be envisaged to exploit this data for detecting the vehicle's driver's drowsiness.
  • a method for enhancing alertness in particular for enhancing driver alertness, is presented, the method comprising the steps of:
  • the recovery procedure comprising a sleep onset stage, a resting stage and an alertness enhancement stage,
  • the method can be carried out utilizing the system for recovering alertness, in particular for enhancing driver alertness.
  • step of selectively influencing the recovery-related physiological state comprises:
  • executing a guided recovery sleep procedure, in particular a power nap procedure comprising:
  • a computer program which comprises program code means for causing a computer to perform the steps of the processing method when said computer program is carried out on a computer.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic partial side view of a vehicle in which the present invention can be used
  • Fig. 2 shows an interior portion of the vehicle according to Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic illustration of a general layout of a system in which the present invention can be used
  • Fig. 4 shows a simplified schematic illustration of a recovery stimulator device exhibiting several operation states
  • Fig. 5a, 5b and 5c schematically illustrate a recovery procedure and several stages thereof
  • Fig. 6a shows a schematic perspective illustration of a support element attached to a subject
  • Fig. 6b shows a simplified schematic partial front view of the support element of Fig. 6a.
  • Fig. 7 shows an illustrative block diagram representing several steps of an embodiment of a method according to the invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows a partial side view of a vehicle 10.
  • Vehicle 10 may be a car, a truck or lorry, a bus, or, in general, a road vehicle, a watercraft, or an aircraft.
  • the vehicle 10 can comprise a vehicle body, to which a seat assembly 12 is attached.
  • the seat assembly 12 can support a driver, or, in general, a subject 16.
  • the subject 16 can be secured by means of a seatbelt 14 to the seat assembly 12.
  • the subject 16 can control or steer the vehicle so as to drive it in a desired way.
  • the subject 16 can control a steering wheel 18.
  • the vehicle 10 can accommodate a drowsiness detector 20.
  • drowsiness detector 20 may be an optical sensor, in particular a camera.
  • a camera for instance a video camera, can be utilized to monitor the subject 16 so as to detect the awareness state of the subject 16.
  • at least one first signal can be detected indicative of the subject's 16 wakefulness or drowsiness.
  • vehicle 10 may accommodate another drowsiness detector
  • Drowsiness detector 22 may be an acceleration sensor or a similar sensor. It should be understood that the drowsiness detector 22 basically can be configured for detecting or monitoring the vehicle's 10 behavior rather than the subject's 16 behavior. However, since the subject 16 controls or steers the vehicle 10, signals detected by the drowsiness detector 22 can be indicative of the subject's 16 drowsiness, at least in a mediate way. For instance, when being overtired, the subject 16 is like ly to apply excessive steering commands to the steering wheel 18. Also overcorrection at the steering wheel 18 can be highly indicative of the subject's 16 responsiveness and therefore indicative of the current drowsiness state.
  • Steering orders applied to the steering wheel 18 eventually will cause a response of the vehicle 10, such as, for instance, turning or skidding.
  • the vehicle's 10 response is generally associated with spatial accelerations detectable by the drowsiness detector 22.
  • vehicle 10 may further accommodate a drowsiness detector 24.
  • the drowsiness detector 24 may be a rotary sensor attached to a steering post 26 of the steering wheel 18.
  • Drowsiness detector 24 can be adapted to monitor rotations and actual angular positions of the steering post 28, refer to the double arrow 28. Consequently, also the drowsiness detector 24 can be configured for detecting steering orders applied by the subject 16 and therefore the drowsiness detector 24 can be utilized as a proxy for detecting a physiological state of the subject 16 indicative of drowsiness.
  • Each of the drowsiness detectors 20, 22 and 24 can be coupled to a trigger controller 30, as indicated by dashed lines.
  • the trigger controller 30 can be configured for initiating a recovery procedure under consideration of the drowsiness-related signals detected by at least one of the drowsiness detectors 20, 22 and 24.
  • the trigger controller 30 can be configured for comparing actual drowsiness-related values with defined threshold values.
  • the threshold values may be predefined or adaptive values.
  • the trigger controller 30 may be part of an onboard control device of the vehicle 10.
  • the trigger controller 30 can be embodied by a separate processing device.
  • the drowsiness detectors 20, 22, 24 can be embodied by onboard sensors, which are already present in several vehicles 10.
  • the drowsiness detectors 22 and 24 can be embodied by sensors already implemented in electronic stability control systems.
  • sensors based on various measurement principles can be used as drowsiness detectors. Since the subject 16 or, in general, a human being, exhibits several specific attitudes when becoming weary or tired, one skilled in the art may envisage further drowsiness detection principles.
  • Fig. 2 shows an interior view of a vehicle 10 which can correspond to the vehicle 10 according to Fig. 1.
  • the vehicle 10 comprises a windshield 34 the subject 16 (refer to Fig. 1) can see through while operating the vehicle 10. Above the windshield 34 the drowsiness detector 20 can be positioned and attached to a body portion of the vehicle 10.
  • An instrument panel 36 is arranged proximate to a bottom end of the windshield 34.
  • the instrument panel 36 may further comprise several instruments.
  • the instrument panel 36 may further comprise a portion in which a navigator device 38 is accommodated.
  • the navigator device 38 can be a GPS-based navigator device.
  • the navigator device 38 may comprise a display 40 for visualizing navigation orders.
  • the trigger controller 30 Fig.
  • the navigator device 38 can be coupled to the navigator device 38 so as to display an instruction directed to the subject 16 when a certain drowsiness level is reached and detected by at least one of the drowsiness detectors 20, 22 and 24.
  • the instruction may be displayed on the display 40.
  • the instruction may comprise a suggestion to steer the vehicle 10 to a suitable resting area so as to be able to perform a recovery procedure.
  • the trigger controller 30 can be coupled to an indicator 42 which may be positioned in the instrument panel 36.
  • the indicator 42 can be embodied by an indicator lamp. Also in this way the subject 16 can be advised to have a break and to undergo a recovery procedure.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic illustration of a system for recovering alertness several components of which already have been described in connection with Fig. 1 and Fig 2.
  • An exemplary system boundary of the system 46 is indicated by a dashed box.
  • the system 46 may comprise at least one drowsiness detector 20.
  • the at least one drowsiness detector 20 can be coupled to a trigger controller 30.
  • the trigger controller 30 can be configured for initiating a recovery procedure under consideration of at least one signal detected by the at least one drowsiness detector 20.
  • the trigger controller 30 can be coupled to a navigator device 38 configured for routing the subject 16 to a suitable resting area upon being instructed accordingly.
  • the navigator device 36 may comprise data bases, in particular maps or point of interest catalogues stored on a suitable data medium.
  • the system 46 further comprises a recovery controller 48.
  • the recovery controller 48 can be implemented in onboard computing and controlling devices of the vehicle 10.
  • the recovery controller 48 can be embodied by separate and distinct controlling circuitry.
  • the trigger controller 30 can be configured for directly initiating a recovery procedure driven or operated by the recovery controller 48.
  • the navigator device 38 can be interposed between the trigger controller 30 and the recovery controller 48. Therefore, in an embodiment, the trigger controller 30 can be configured for initially instructing the navigator device 38 to guide the subject 16 (and the vehicle 10) to a suitable resting area. Afterwards, the recovery procedure operated by the recovery controller 48 can be initiated.
  • the system 46 can further comprise a recovery stimulator device 50 comprising at least one stimulator element.
  • the recovery stimulator device 50 can be coupled to the recovery controller 48.
  • the recovery controller 48 can be configured for operating or controlling the recovery stimulator device 50.
  • the recovery stimulator device 50 shown in Fig. 3 exemplarily comprises light sources 52, 54, sound sources 56, 58 and at least one tactile stimulator source 60. It should be understood that the recovery stimulator device 50 can comprise a plurality of each of the stimulator sources 52, 54, 56, 58 and 60. It should be further noted that the recovery stimulator device 50 does not necessarily have to comprise each of the stimulator sources 52, 54, 56, 58 and 60 at the same time. In other words, the recovery stimulator device 50 may comprise a suitable amount of stimulator sources of a suitable kind so as to be able to adequately influence the subject 16, at least while performing the recovery procedure. Each of the light sources 52, 54 can be embodied by a single one or a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs).
  • LEDs light emitting diodes
  • the sound source 56 may comprise at least one bell or a similar element.
  • the sound source 58 may comprise at least one loudspeaker.
  • the tactile stimuli source 60 may comprise at least one buzzer, or a similar vibration generating element.
  • Each of the stimulator sources 52, 54, 56, 58 and 60 can be utilized for selectively influencing the subject 16 in a desired way. Some of the stimulator sources 52, 54, 56, 58 and 60 are primarily adapted to awake the subject 16 from sleep, while others may be primarily adapted to put or "charm" the subject 16 to sleep, while still others can be primarily configured for guiding and influencing the subject 16 while sleeping. Needless to say, at least some of the stimulator sources 52, 54, 56, 58 and 60 can be configured for more than one of the afore-mentioned objectives.
  • the system 46 further comprises at least one recovery sensor 46.
  • the at least one recovery sensor 46 may comprise at least one electrode sensor 66, 68.
  • the electrode sensors 66, 68 can be configured for performing EEG measurements. In this way, a recovery-related physiological state of the subject 16 can be monitored so as to allow conclusions regarding the effects of the current recovery measures. Hence, recovery feedback can be obtained such that, by way of example, a loop control can be established during the recovery procedure.
  • the at least one recovery sensor 64 can be configured for monitoring brain waves the subject 16 exhibits. Brain wave patterns can be considered highly indicative of an actual drowsiness, recovery and alertness condition of the subject 16.
  • the drowsiness detector 20 can be primarily configured for monitoring a physiological state of the subject 16.
  • the recovery sensor 64 can be adapted to monitor and detect a recovery-related physiological state of the subject 16.
  • the recovery stimulator device 50 can be primarily configured for acting on or influencing the subject 16.
  • the dashed boundary box shown in Fig. 3 can be considered a logical border rather than a structural border of the system 46. It should be understood that at least some of the components of the system 46 can be positioned spaced apart from other components. In one embodiment, at least the trigger controller 30 and the recovery controller 48 can be implemented in a common processing device. In another alternative embodiment, each of the trigger controller 30 and the recovery controller 48 can be embodied by separate and distinct controlling devices.
  • Fig. 4 shows an exemplary illustration of configurations of the recovery stimulator device 50.
  • the recover stimulator device 50 can comprise a plurality of stimulator sources, in particular light sources.
  • a plurality of stimuli sources 70a, 70b ... 70n is shown and indicated by schematic boxes.
  • the recovery stimulator device 50 may comprise several configurations, or, may be operated in several states. For instance, the recovery stimulator device 50 may be operated in a sleep onset state 70, a restful sleep state 74 and an awakening state 76 each of which indicated by a dashed box.
  • Each of the states or configurations 72, 74 and 76 can make use of at least some of the stimuli sources 70a, 70b ... 70n.
  • the stimuli sources 70a, 70b ... 70n can be activated in more than one of the states or configurations 72, 74 and 76.
  • the recovery controller 48 (Fig. 3) can be adapted for controlling or driving the recovery stimulator device 50 in an adequate state or configuration.
  • Each of the stimuli sources 70a, 70b ... 70n can represent one or more of the stimulator sources 52, 54, 56, 58 and 60 shown in Fig. 3.
  • Figs. 5a, 5b and 5c depict an exemplary overall recovery procedure.
  • the trigger controller 30 may initialize a recovery procedure, refer to gate 82.
  • the recovery procedure may begin with a sleep onset stage 84. While in the recovery procedure, the subject 16 can be further monitored so as to detect a signal attributable to a recovery-related physiological state of the subject 16, for instance, via said at least one recovery sensor 64 (Fig. 3).
  • the sleep onset stage 84 the subject 16 can be guided or put into sleep.
  • a resting stage 88 can be initiated, refer to a gate 86.
  • the subject 16 can be further monitored and selectively influenced so as to ensure that the subject 16 remains in a desired sleeping phase for a certain time. In particular, transition into potentially adverse deep sleep phases can be prevented.
  • the resting stage 88 may comprise a loop control circuit procedure 98 for guiding the subject 16 through the restful sleep phase, refer to Fig. 5b.
  • an alertness enhancement stage 92 can be initiated.
  • the alertness enhancement stage 92 can be initiated after a certain time in the resting stage 88.
  • the alertness enhancement stage 92 can be initiated upon having detected that the subject 16 is about to enter the deep sleep phase.
  • the alertness enhancement stage 92 may comprise an awakening stimulus 93 primarily directed to awake the subject 16. Basically at the same time, or, subsequently, an alertness enhancement stimulus 95 can be applied to the subject 16 so as to further enhance the subjects 16 alertness.
  • the alertness enhancement stimulus 95 may comprise a defined light stimulation.
  • Figs. 6a and 6b illustrate a support element 100 which is attachable to the subject 16, in particular to a head portion of the subject 16.
  • This support element 100 can be a mask, in particular a face mask or an eye mask.
  • the support element 100 may comprise at least one cover element 102, for instance a shield.
  • the cover element 102 can be configured for covering portions of the subject 16 from ambient influences.
  • the cover element 102 can be configured for covering the object's 16 eyes from ambient illumination.
  • the cover element 102 can be further configured for covering the subject's 16 ears (not implemented in Fig. 6a).
  • the support element 100 may further comprise an attachment element 104, for instance a strap.
  • the support element 100 can be worn or carried by the subject 16 while undergoing the recovery procedure. It goes without saying that at least the cover element 102 can be made from opaque material.
  • the support element 100 may comprise sound-absorbing material so as to cover the subject 16 from ambient noises.
  • the support element 100 may accommodate at least some of the components of the system 46, refer to Fig. 3.
  • the cover element 102 of the support element 100 may accommodate recovery sensors 64a, 64b, 64c and 64d configured for performing EEG-measurement.
  • the cover element 102 may comprise a reference sensor 106 providing a reference measurement for EEG-monitoring.
  • the cover element 102 of the support element 100 may further comprise at least some of the stimulator sources 52, 54, 56, 58 and 60 shown in Fig. 3.
  • the cover element 102 may accommodate stimuli sources denoted by reference numerals 70a and 70b.
  • the stimuli sources may be light sources, in particular LEDs.
  • the cover element may further accommodate sound sources or tactile stimuli sources.
  • the stimuli sources or light sources 70 can be placed on a side of the cover element 102 facing the subject 16 when worn. Basically the same can apply to the recovery sensors 64a, 64b, 64c and 64d.
  • Fig. 7 shows a schematic block diagram of a method for recovering alertness.
  • drowsiness monitoring is applied to a subject, for instance a vehicle driver. Basically, the subject may be in an active phase (e.g. driving or steering the vehicle) when being monitored at step 120.
  • a recovery procedure can be initiated when a certain drowsiness level is detected. In case a required drowsiness level is not reached at step 122, drowsiness monitoring can continue, refer to a loop arrow 124.
  • a sleep onset step 128 may follow.
  • the recovery procedure may further comprise a resting step 132 and an awakening and alertness enhancement step 136.
  • the recovery procedure may be accompanied by a brain wave detection step 126 so as to detect a recovery-related physiological state of the monitored subject.
  • the brain wave signals detected in step 126 can be taken into account so as to selectively influence the recover-related physiological state of the subject, refer to influencing arrows 130, 134 and 138.
  • sensory stimulation can be applied to the subject.
  • the sleep onset step 128 may comprise sleep induction utilizing light stimulation under consideration of detected EEG signals so as to modular light exposure to the subject accordingly.
  • the light exposure may comprise flickering light or pulsating light at frequencies ranging from about 0.1 to 7 Hz .
  • defined EEG bands related to sleep inducement can be activated to facilitate sleep onset.
  • Monitoring of EEG signals in the sleep onset step 128 further enables determining the time of occurrence of sleep, for instance when the subject enters the sleep stage N2. Having knowledge of the sleep onset time, the desired length and termination of the restful sleep phase in the resting step 132 can be defined.
  • the object in the resting step 132, while being in the restful sleep phase, the object can be further monitored and influenced via light exposure. In this way, transition into adverse deep sleep phases can be detected and prevented accordingly via defined sensory stimulation.
  • occurrence of deep sleep phases i.e., N3 or N4 is signalized by specific brain wave patterns, in particular slow wave events that become more prominent in the brain waves.
  • the sensory stimulation may comprise light stimulation which may comprise flickering light or pulsating light at frequencies ranging from about 10 to 20 Hz. That way, the subject can be selectively influenced so as to either induce transition into restful sleep phases (i.e. N2) or to awake the subject, thereby initiating the alertness enhancement step 136.
  • the alertness enhancement step 136 may comprise light stimulation of the subject.
  • the light stimulation may comprise light exposure to the subject, the (light) radiation being a short-wavelength radiation, for instance of about 460 nm (i.e. blue light).
  • the light stimulation may comprise a light exposure, wherein luminance amounts to about 90 to 180 lx (lux).
  • the alertness enhancement light stimulation may take several minutes, for instance about 5 minutes.
  • the alertness enhancement step 136 may comprise light stimulation involving flickering light or pulsating light at higher frequencies (for instance, frequencies greater than 20 Hz) (compared to the steps 128 and 132) so as to stimulate brain wave bands or patterns related to awakening phases.
  • the subject preferably wears a support element or eye covering mask so as to make the sensory (light) stimulation even more efficient.
  • the support element or mask may comprise at least one suitable light source or light stimulator facing the subject when the support element or mask is worn.
  • sensory (light) brain wave stimulation may be effective on brain waves even when applied to a sleeping subject having closed eyes.
  • drowsiness monitoring (step 120) can be applied again, so as to detect potentially adverse drowsiness conditions in the subject.
  • the present invention provides for an overall approach as to enhance alertness of subjects, such as vehicle drivers or machine operators.
  • the present invention can be applied in the field of advanced driver assistance.
  • the system and method of the invention can be applied for maximizing the recovery-related benefits of mandatory breaks and rest periods for truck or lorry drivers.
  • truck drivers are bound to strict statutory regulations, but rather exposed to strong market competition. It is therefore considered beneficial that a given potential of the mandatory breaks and resting periods can be exploited in a more effective way.
  • brain wave entrainment is applied to the subject.
  • the brain wave entrainment approach allows to selectively influence the subject during to recovery procedure so as to induce desired favorable recovery phases (in the subject).
  • brain wave entrainment can be directed to induce sleep when a certain level of drowsiness is detected and the recovery procedure has been triggered.
  • brain wave entrainment can be directed to keep the subject in a desired sleep phase. This aspect may involve preventing the subject from entering a deep sleep phase so as to avoid sleep inertia. In addition, brain wave entrainment can be directed to guide the subject through an awakening phase. This aspect may involve further alertness enhancement brain wave entrainment measures. While the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, such illustration and description are to be considered illustrative or exemplary and not restrictive; the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Other variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by those skilled in the art in practicing the claimed invention, from a study of the drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims.
  • a computer program may be stored/distributed on a suitable non-transitory medium, such as an optical storage medium or a solid-state medium supplied together with or as part of other hardware, but may also be distributed in other forms, such as via the Internet or other wired or wireless telecommunication systems.
  • a suitable non-transitory medium such as an optical storage medium or a solid-state medium supplied together with or as part of other hardware, but may also be distributed in other forms, such as via the Internet or other wired or wireless telecommunication systems.

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Abstract

La présente invention a trait à un système et à un procédé permettant d'améliorer la vigilance et la performance, en particulier permettant de réveiller ou d'améliorer la vigilance des conducteurs de véhicules, lequel système comprend au moins un détecteur de somnolence (20, 22, 24) permettant de détecter au moins un premier signal qui indique au moins partiellement l'état physiologique d'un sujet (16), un organe de commande de déclenchement (30) permettant d'initier une procédure de réveil en tenant compte du ou des premiers signaux, la procédure de réveil comprenant une étape de début de sommeil (84), une étape de repos (88) et une étape d'amélioration de la vigilance (92), au moins un détecteur de réveil (64) permettant de détecter au moins un second signal qui peut être attribué à un état physiologique lié au réveil du sujet (16), un dispositif de stimulation de réveil (50) permettant d'influencer de façon sélective l'état physiologique lié au réveil du sujet (16), le dispositif de stimulation de réveil (50) comprenant au moins une source lumineuse (52, 54) permettant de projeter de façon sélective une lumière sur le sujet (16), et un organe de commande de réveil (48) qui est conçu de manière à contrôler le dispositif de stimulation de réveil (50) en tenant compte du ou des seconds signaux détectés, au moins lors de l'exécution de la procédure de réveil.
PCT/IB2013/054560 2012-06-27 2013-06-03 Système et procédé permettant d'améliorer la vigilance Ceased WO2014001928A2 (fr)

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CN103886725A (zh) * 2014-03-12 2014-06-25 江苏大学 一种驾驶员久坐提醒仪及提醒方法
DE102014218744A1 (de) * 2014-09-18 2016-03-24 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verbessern des Zustandes eines Insassen eines Fahrzeuges
WO2016124415A1 (fr) * 2015-02-05 2016-08-11 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Système de sécurité, système de gestion de flux de travail, procédé de sécurité et produit de programme informatique
WO2016156462A1 (fr) * 2015-03-31 2016-10-06 Philips Lighting Holding B.V. Système d'éclairage et procédé pour améliorer la promptitude mentale d'une personne
GB2553649A (en) * 2016-07-13 2018-03-14 Ford Global Tech Llc Occupant alertness-based navigation
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DE102018219769A1 (de) * 2018-11-19 2020-05-20 Audi Ag Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Aktuators eines Kraftfahrzeugs, Trainingseinrichtung, Kraftfahrzeug, System mit einem Kraftfahrzeug und einem tragbaren Gerät
CN111712194A (zh) * 2017-12-12 2020-09-25 皇家飞利浦有限公司 用于确定睡眠启动潜伏期的系统和方法
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CN115227938A (zh) * 2022-07-06 2022-10-25 四川脑科学与类脑智能研究院 基于脑电调节警觉性的智能光刺激装置及方法

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Cited By (12)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE1025830B1 (nl) * 2013-12-27 2019-07-23 Demerstee Transport Solutions Bvba Een bestuurdersslaperigheid -detectie- en -alarmeersysteem
CN103886725A (zh) * 2014-03-12 2014-06-25 江苏大学 一种驾驶员久坐提醒仪及提醒方法
CN103886725B (zh) * 2014-03-12 2016-04-06 江苏大学 一种驾驶员久坐提醒仪及提醒方法
DE102014218744A1 (de) * 2014-09-18 2016-03-24 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verbessern des Zustandes eines Insassen eines Fahrzeuges
WO2016124415A1 (fr) * 2015-02-05 2016-08-11 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Système de sécurité, système de gestion de flux de travail, procédé de sécurité et produit de programme informatique
WO2016156462A1 (fr) * 2015-03-31 2016-10-06 Philips Lighting Holding B.V. Système d'éclairage et procédé pour améliorer la promptitude mentale d'une personne
US10226593B2 (en) 2015-03-31 2019-03-12 Philips Lighting Holding B.V. Lighting system and method for improving the alertness of a person
GB2553649A (en) * 2016-07-13 2018-03-14 Ford Global Tech Llc Occupant alertness-based navigation
CN111712194A (zh) * 2017-12-12 2020-09-25 皇家飞利浦有限公司 用于确定睡眠启动潜伏期的系统和方法
DE102018219769A1 (de) * 2018-11-19 2020-05-20 Audi Ag Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Aktuators eines Kraftfahrzeugs, Trainingseinrichtung, Kraftfahrzeug, System mit einem Kraftfahrzeug und einem tragbaren Gerät
US11091168B2 (en) 2019-01-31 2021-08-17 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. Autonomous driving support systems including vehicle headrest monitoring devices and methods incorporating the same
CN115227938A (zh) * 2022-07-06 2022-10-25 四川脑科学与类脑智能研究院 基于脑电调节警觉性的智能光刺激装置及方法

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