Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
  • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
  • G16H20/00—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance
  • G16H20/60—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance relating to nutrition control, e.g. diets
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue
  • A61B5/14532—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
  • A61B5/7271—Specific aspects of physiological measurement analysis
  • A61B5/7275—Determining trends in physiological measurement data; Predicting development of a medical condition based on physiological measurements, e.g. determining a risk factor
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
  • A61M5/14—Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
  • A61M5/168—Means for controlling media flow to the body or for metering media to the body, e.g. drip meters, counters ; Monitoring media flow to the body
  • A61M5/172—Means for controlling media flow to the body or for metering media to the body, e.g. drip meters, counters ; Monitoring media flow to the body electrical or electronic
  • A61M5/1723—Means for controlling media flow to the body or for metering media to the body, e.g. drip meters, counters ; Monitoring media flow to the body electrical or electronic using feedback of body parameters, e.g. blood-sugar, pressure
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
  • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
  • G16H20/00—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance
  • G16H20/10—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance relating to drugs or medications, e.g. for ensuring correct administration to patients
  • G16H20/17—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance relating to drugs or medications, e.g. for ensuring correct administration to patients delivered via infusion or injection

Definitions

• the invention relates to the field of diabetes management and methods and systems for diabetic individuals to set, or have set for them, their individual insulin dosages.
• Type I diabetes either Type I where the individual's pancreas has stopped producing insulin due to destruction of the insulin- producing islet cells, or Type II where the individual's pancreas produces insufficient insulin resulting in insulin deficiency, and/or the individual's cells are resistive to insulin resulting in insulin resistance.
• Type II diabetes regular and ongoing injections of insulin are necessary to avoid hyperglycemia. Since multiple injections per day may be necessary, most diabetics self-inject their own insulin. Currently this is generally done with an insulin pen, although increasing numbers are using insulin infusion pumps such as the Medtronic MiniMed tm . Individuals monitor their own blood sugar level to ensure it is within a safe range, using blood glucose (BG) monitors.
• BG blood glucose
• basal insulin which acts over a 24 hour period, normally injected in the evening, to provide a baseline foundation of insulin
• bolus or rapid- acting insulin such as NovoRapid tm , Humalog tm or Apidra 01 , which is injected preferably before or after meals to address the carbohydrate intake associated with meals.
• the individual must estimate the amount of bolus insulin to be administered before meals depending on the amount of carbohydrates to be consumed in the meal.
• the individual diabetic must count the number of grams of carbohydrates to be consumed for each meal and then determine the number of units of bolus insulin to administer prior to the meal based on the individual's Carbohydrate to Insulin Ratio (CIR).
• CIR Carbohydrate to Insulin Ratio
• the conventional rule, called the "500 Rule” states that the individual should divide 500 by the number of units of both basal and bolus insulin taken by the individual per day, to provide the CIR.
• the present invention therefore provides a more accurate method of determining an accurate CIR for an individual diabetic.
• the individual who has been using or has been given a prior suggested dosage of rapid-acting insulin to be taken prior to meals, first plans a benchmark meal ("the Meal") and precisely counts the number of grams of carbohydrates which will be consumed in the Meal.
• the Meal a benchmark meal
• the individual measures his/her blood glucose level before the meal BG 1 ? then injects his/her previous dosage of rapid-acting insulin using an insulin pen or insulin infusion pump. After the meal another reading is taken of the individual's blood sugar level.
• the number of units X of carbohydrates for each unit of Rapid Insulin to be taken in a meal is then calculated as follows: i.
• the calculation is made by the individual entering the results of the two blood sugar readings and the number of carbohydrates in the Meal into an application on a mobile handheld device or a personal computer.
• the invention therefore also provides a computer programmed to carry out the foregoing method, and a system for implementing the method comprising a blood glucose monitor, a computer for carrying out the calculation and a device for injecting insulin, for use by a diabetic individual.
• the result of the calculation (CIR) can also be stored directly in an insulin pump and used to calculate ongoing insulin dosages.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system according to a first embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a system according to a first embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 3 is a flowchart illustrating the method of the invention.
• An individual diabetic 10 who requires injections of insulin, will typically self-inject the insulin multiple times per day using an insulin pen 12, such as a NovoPen manufactured by Novo Nordisk, or an insulin infusion pump 16 such as the Medtronic MiniMed 1 " 1 , Animas 1 " 1 or Omnipod tm and will periodically measure his or her blood sugar level using a blood glucose (BG) monitor 14, such as manufactured by LifeScan Inc., Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. and others. That individual will be taking a single daily injection of basal insulin and will initially have a set number D of units of bolus/ rapid-acting insulin for taking prior to each meal, calculated according to one of the conventional rules. In order to establish a relatively accurate Carbohydrate to
• Insulin Ratio for himself or herself for future injections of the rapid-acting, bolus insulin
• the individual 10 follows the following method. First, a benchmark meal is planned ("the Meal"). The individual must carefully count the number of grams of carbohydrates Y to be consumed in the Meal using accepted carb counting methods. Within approximately one-half hour prior to the Meal, the individual 10 measures his/her blood sugar level BG j using a blood glucose (BG) monitor 14. That reading must be greater than or equal to 4 mmol/L (millimoles per liter). If it is less than 4 mmol/L, the individual must consume some sugar, for example orange juice, to bring it over 4 mmol/L. If it is greater than or equal to 4 mmol/L, the individual injects the D units of rapid- acting insulin. The individual then consumes the Meal.
• BG blood glucose
• CIR Carbohydrate to Insulin Ratio
• a CIR X
• 1 unit of rapid Insulin is required to be injected for X grams of carbohydrate consumed in the subject meal.
• the calculation is made by an application downloaded onto a hand-held mobile device such as an iPod Touch, iPhone,
• the individual will calculate the number of grams of carbohydrates Z to be eaten in the meal and then enter on his/her insulin pen the number (Z/X ) as the number of units of rapid-acting insulin to inject prior to the meal, modified by any corrective factors required to be taken into consideration for any given meal.
• the calculated ratio X will apply for all meals of the individual, but certain individuals may be required to modify the ratio for breakfast.
• a corrective factor will probably be required if the individual has had increased exercise or is planning increased exercise within 2 hours before or after a meal.
• Other corrective factors include female hormonal changes, infection, increased stress, steroid therapy, chemotherapy or some anti-depressant or some blood pressure medications. Where corrective factors are involved, it will be necessary for the individual to take blood sugar readings before and after the meal and calculate the new CIR.
• the algorithm described above is preferably programmed into an application downloaded onto an information processing device such as a hand-held mobile device 18 such as an iPhone, a tablet 20 such as an iPad, a laptop 24 or a personal desktop computer
• Such an information processing device has data entry such as a keyboard or touch screen, data storage, data processor and data output, such as a display screen or printer.
• data entry such as a keyboard or touch screen
• data storage such as a hard disk drive
• data processor such as a graphics processing unit
• data output such as a display screen or printer.
• the individual carries out the required calculation of Y, measurements of BG j and BG 2 , enters the values via the keyboard of the information processing device, runs the application and stores the CIR value X for future use.
• the application may also be stored in the memory of an insulin infusion pump and run directly on the insulin pump, and the calculation stored in the memory of the insulin pump to be used in calculating ongoing insulin dosages.
• the individual diabetic 10 himself or herself makes the calculation of Y, injects the insulin amount D, measures BG j and BG 2 and enters the values in an information processing device
• the individual 10 can be assisted in one or more of these steps by one or more other individuals, for example if the individual 10 is disabled or too young or old to be able to take such steps.
• the individual 10 While a number of exemplary aspects and embodiments have been discussed above, those of skill in the art will recognize certain modifications, permutations, additions and sub-combinations thereof. It is therefore intended that the following appended claims and claims hereafter introduced are interpreted to include all such modifications, permutations, additions and sub-combinations as are within their true spirit and scope.

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Medical Informatics (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
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• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
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• Biophysics (AREA)
• Surgery (AREA)
• Hematology (AREA)
• Anesthesiology (AREA)
• Vascular Medicine (AREA)
• Emergency Medicine (AREA)
• Diabetes (AREA)
• Optics & Photonics (AREA)
• Nutrition Science (AREA)
• Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
• Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
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• Psychiatry (AREA)
• Signal Processing (AREA)
• Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
• Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)

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Citations (18)

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• 2012
  • 2012-10-17 EP EP12880794.8A patent/EP2873014A4/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 2012-10-17 HK HK15106067.8A patent/HK1205576A1/xx unknown
  • 2012-10-17 WO PCT/CA2012/000960 patent/WO2014008574A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2012-10-17 CN CN201280075670.9A patent/CN104620244A/zh active Pending
  • 2012-10-17 CA CA2876250A patent/CA2876250A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 2012-10-17 US US14/122,749 patent/US20150142325A1/en not_active Abandoned
• 2014
  • 2014-01-09 US US14/151,392 patent/US20140128834A1/en not_active Abandoned

Patent Citations (18)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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