WO2014009630A1 - Vitrage lumineux - Google Patents
Vitrage lumineux Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014009630A1 WO2014009630A1 PCT/FR2013/051539 FR2013051539W WO2014009630A1 WO 2014009630 A1 WO2014009630 A1 WO 2014009630A1 FR 2013051539 W FR2013051539 W FR 2013051539W WO 2014009630 A1 WO2014009630 A1 WO 2014009630A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- glazing
- waveguide
- glass
- fibrous structure
- light
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10247—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing decorations or patterns for aesthetic reasons
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10541—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing comprising a light source or a light guide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10651—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer comprising colorants, e.g. dyes or pigments
- B32B17/10669—Luminescent agents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q3/00—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors
- B60Q3/20—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors for lighting specific fittings of passenger or driving compartments; mounted on specific fittings of passenger or driving compartments
- B60Q3/208—Sun roofs; Windows
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q3/00—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors
- B60Q3/50—Mounting arrangements
- B60Q3/51—Mounting arrangements for mounting lighting devices onto vehicle interior, e.g. onto ceiling or floor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q3/00—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors
- B60Q3/60—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors characterised by optical aspects
- B60Q3/62—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors characterised by optical aspects using light guides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q3/00—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors
- B60Q3/60—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors characterised by optical aspects
- B60Q3/62—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors characterised by optical aspects using light guides
- B60Q3/64—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors characterised by optical aspects using light guides for a single lighting device
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/0058—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide varying in density, size, shape or depth along the light guide
- G02B6/006—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide varying in density, size, shape or depth along the light guide to produce indicia, symbols, texts or the like
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0065—Manufacturing aspects; Material aspects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0081—Mechanical or electrical aspects of the light guide and light source in the lighting device peculiar to the adaptation to planar light guides, e.g. concerning packaging
- G02B6/0095—Light guides as housings, housing portions, shelves, doors, tiles, windows, or the like
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2315/00—Other materials containing non-metallic inorganic compounds not provided for in groups B32B2311/00 - B32B2313/04
- B32B2315/08—Glass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q1/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
- B60Q1/26—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic
- B60Q1/2661—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic mounted on parts having other functions
- B60Q1/268—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic mounted on parts having other functions on windscreens or windows
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
- Y02A30/249—Glazing, e.g. vacuum glazing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B80/00—Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
- Y02B80/22—Glazing, e.g. vaccum glazing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a luminous glazing (or "lighting") mainly intended for use in the building or any application of flat or surface lamp, this glazing can also be used in the automobile if necessary.
- this glazing is a glazing with slice lighting, including LED lighting.
- LEDs Light-emitting diodes
- signaling devices traffic lights, lights, etc.
- turn signals or position lights for motor vehicles, portable lamps or markings.
- the interest of the diodes is their long life, their luminous efficiency, their robustness, their low energy consumption and their compactness, making the equipment employing them more perennial, and requiring a reduced maintenance.
- light-emitting diodes have been used in illuminating glazing for buildings or for automobiles.
- light-emitting diode-illuminated panoramic roofs are known as described in WO2010049638.
- the light emitted by the diodes is introduced into the glazing in part of its guide thickness, by one or more of its side edges forming the wafer, the light being extracted from the glazing in one and / or the other of its main faces (face (s) "luminous (s)").
- the guide portion is generally in the form of a thin plate of transparent material, and the extraction into a face or surface of the glazing is done by creating an extraction surface on one side or in the thickness of the guide.
- This extraction surface is generally created by sandblasting, etching or etching, or by coating with an enamel-type diffusing layer deposited by screen printing, such as that described in document FR2809496. Nevertheless, in the field of the building or the automobile field, each of these various methods presents limits, making them if necessary not very compatible with certain productions or requirements.
- sanding, etching or etching are generally only suitable for the treatment of small areas and / or require long treatment times that are incompatible with industrial lines for medium or large series, or they may pose risks of embrittlement of the glass used.
- Enamelling if it leads to a good homogeneity of the light, however, poses problems of adhesion and degradation of the enamel layer when it is on the outside and may be incompatible or interfere with some functions sought, especially problematic for the glazing layer.
- the light output can thus vary in intensity at different points of the substrate according to the distance of the light sources.
- the present invention has therefore sought to develop a new luminous or illuminating glazing, in particular with light-emitting diodes, more adapted to the field of the building and especially flat lamps, in particular an efficient glazing in terms of extraction without presenting the disadvantages or incompatibilities previously seen, this glazing being simple, providing uniform intensity lighting with good aesthetic rendering where appropriate in targeted areas, this glazing being compatible with industrial requirements (ease and speed of production, reliability, ... ) and advantageously widening the range of possible applications.
- At least two glass elements inorganic or organic glass
- at least two transparent glass sheets in particular at least two transparent glass sheets
- said element waveguide in particular on one face of the lamination interlayer and / or between the two glass elements, said element waveguide (advantageously organic material) having a refractive index greater than the refractive index of the elements (interlayer (s) and / or glass (s)) (that is to say those in contact with its main faces),
- At least one radiation source (in particular in the visible and / or in the ultraviolet), in particular positioned at the edge of the glazing so as to illuminate the waveguide element by the edge thereof,
- At least one radiation extraction means formed by at least one fibrous structure (or at least one fibrous structure as extraction means), this structure (formed of fibers) being advantageously in the form of at least one textile ( or at least one layer or textile web), this structure (or extraction means) being placed (or positioned or integrated) in the heart of the waveguide element.
- the fibrous structure is (essentially, ie at least 90% by volume or even 100%) in the thickness of the waveguide element (as opposed to (essentially) the surface of one or other of its main faces) or between two (lateral edges of two) waveguide elements (or parts of guide elements substantially on the wafer (i.e., at least one of its lateral edges) of the waveguide element (the waveguide element terminating laterally with said means extraction), in particular on a portion opposite the edge or at one of the edges receiving the source or sources.
- the fibrous structure does not advantageously exceed the thickness of the waveguide element (it has in particular a thickness less than or equal to that of the waveguide element).
- 'main faces' is meant the larger faces (as opposed to the slice).
- textile is meant an at least two-dimensional structure formed of fibers (and / or yarns), that is to say with fibers at least in two different directions, in particular intersecting or intermingled, in particular in the form of at least one network of intersecting fibers or web or mat (s) or web (s) of continuous or discontinuous (cut) fibers optionally arranged randomly and possibly secured by needling or bonding in particular (non-woven structures) or in the form of fabrics or knits (yarn interleaved).
- the combined use of the refractive index waveguide greater than that of the adjacent sheets ensuring in particular the conveying, by internal reflections, of the light emitted by the source or sources, minimizing the light losses by dispersion towards the layers adjacent to the extraction surface
- the fibrous structure in particular formed of at least one layer or textile web as extraction means, and the particular position of said fibrous layer in the core of the guide wave, allow to obtain a luminous or illuminating glazing particularly powerful and aesthetic.
- the textile thus positioned does not interfere with the adhesion of the other layers on either side of the waveguide (contrary to the case where it is on the surface of the waveguide, risk in the latter case to lose its security glass character to a glazing) and can more easily be integrated within the waveguide (preferably organic material, being simpler including including the fibrous material in such a way plastic material and then laminate the assembly between two glasses and to bomber the whole, that to deposit the fibrous material on a glass and to bomber all with risks of displacement of the fibrous material).
- the glazing according to the invention is particularly effective, while being simple to obtain and durable.
- the glazing according to the invention generally has a wafer, two main faces and a given thickness. It is formed of several sheets (laminated) including at least the portion forming a guide for guiding (generally by internal reflections, in particular total, in the thickness of said portion) the radiation emitted by the light source (s) (radiation sources) according to the present invention.
- the glazing can be flat, but can also be curved or curved (including windows of vehicles). It can be parallelepipedic, with rectangular, square or even rectangular leaves or main faces (round, oval, polygonal ). It can be of different sizes, and especially of large size, for example of surface greater than 0.5 or 1 m 2 . Its thickness is generally at least 0.7 mm, in particular at least 1 mm, in particular 2 to 20 mm, for example between 3 and 5 mm, that of the guide portion generally being at least 0.3 mm, in particular between 0.7 and 3 mm, and not exceeding 20 mm.
- the substrate (as well as the guide) is advantageously formed of elements (sheets, glasses, plates, layers, etc.) or materials (in particular glass, mineral or organic) that are transparent, clear or tinted, that can be assembled, if necessary, to hot or cold, especially by rolling (we can also speak of 'laminate' for laminated glazing), gluing, etc.
- transparent or (semi) -transparent
- TL light transmission of at least 3%, in particular at least 40% or 50% (especially for the internal sheets or layers of the glazing, in particular the interleaves or the waveguide, or for the outer sheet through which the light is intended to exit), at least in the (useful) wavelength ranges between 400 nm and 800 nm, the light transmission being measured (in known manner, in particular according to ISO 9050: 2003) under illuminant D65.
- the (at least two) glass elements of the glazing are sheets (or plates) of mineral glass (with a thickness of about 0.7 to 6 mm or more), the mineral glass having many advantages, in particular a good resistance to heat (it can thus be close to sources of radiation, for example diodes, despite the fact that they constitute hot spots, it also meets the requirements of fire safety standards) and good mechanical resistance ( it is easy to clean and resists scratching).
- This mineral glass can (according to the aesthetic rendering, the desired optical effect, the destination of the glazing, etc.) be a clear glass (light transmission T L greater than or equal to 90% for a thickness of 4 mm), for example a glass of standard soda-lime composition such as Planilux® from Saint-Gobain Glass, or extra-clear (T L greater than or equal to 91.5%), for example a silico-soda-lime glass with less than 0.05% Fe III or Fe 2 O 3 such as Saint-Gobain Glass Diamant® glass, or Pilkington Optiwhite®, or Schott B270®, or other composition described in WO04 / 025334; the glass can also be darker, just as it can be neutral (without staining), or (slightly) tinted or colored (VENUS glass or TSA from Saint-Gobain Glass, etc.); it can be smooth or textured (Albarino® glass from Saint-Gobain Glass, etc.), have undergone a chemical or thermal treatment of the
- the substrate may also contain elements based on organic materials, for example transparent plastics, for example polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyolefin such as polyethylene or polypropylene, poly (ethylene terephthalate), polyurethane (PU), acrylic polymer such as poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), ionomer resin, copolymer, etc.
- the glazing could be essentially plastic (organic sheet (s)), to gain compactness and / or lightness, or to allow more diverse shapes, however it generally comprises at least two sheets of mineral glass as indicated previously.
- the glazing may in particular comprise at least one interlayer (or element or layer) for lamination, advantageously transparent and advantageously made of organic material (for example a plastic film chosen from the abovementioned materials, for example from PVB or PU (flexible) or thermoplastic without plasticizer (ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), etc.), between (at least two) glass elements, different elements (glass, organic or mineral) or glass layers forming a laminated glazing unit (possibly even multiple if, for example, the assembly is associated with another layer separated by an air gap) .
- the glazing if present, comprises at least two of said spacers, between which the guide element is located.
- each interlayer has a thickness of between 0.2 mm and 1.1 mm, in particular 0.38 and 0.76 mm.
- the glazing may be (or include) a laminate formed (in the order) of a first transparent sheet of mineral glass or optionally organic, an organic interlayer (for example a transparent PVB, tinted or no), a waveguide element (formed of one or more parts or sections, in particular planes, as described below) integrating (within a part or at the intersection of two parts ) at least one fibrous layer, optionally another organic interlayer, and a second sheet of mineral or organic glass, the sheet placed on the side provided for the extraction of light being preferentially a sheet of clear glass, the other sheet and / or the spacer or interleaves may be clear and / or darker or tinted and / or incorporate a decorative layer and / or functional as indicated later (eg an anti-infrared layer, etc. .), especially to preserve the chal coming from the sun.
- an organic interlayer for example a transparent PVB
- the glazing has an interior space under vacuum or filled with a gas blade (air, rare or inert gas, argon for example, etc.), the internal space having for example a height less than 10 mm.
- a spacer, particularly at the periphery of the glazing delimits, for example, the internal space, this spacer being able to be a profile, if necessary mononolithic, in particular a frame (in particular of C section, closed, square or rectangular), and to accommodate the if necessary a desiccant; the internal space may also be delimited by a peripheral sealing system, for example mastic type combined with butyl as in WO0179644.
- the glazing comprises at least one waveguide element (advantageously transparent and made of organic material), said waveguide element having a refractive index greater than the refractive index of the elements (lamination) adjacent, this element may have several parts or sections (including flat in the case of a flat glazing), each part having particular function to route the light and being advantageously associated with at least one radiation source.
- a waveguide element in the form of a sheet (continuous) in which fibrous structures are integrated into each zone to be illuminated, or one can provide several portions (or waveguides) on the same plane (or possibly in several planes) or in the same layer of the laminate, each portion being in particular associated with at least one light source and opening on a fibrous element in an area to be illuminated (the fibrous element may be at the end of a portion and / or at the intersection of two portions).
- the waveguide element is formed of a material having a refractive index greater than the refractive index of adjacent (lamination) elements.
- a control guide is used.
- polycarbonate wave (PC) or polystyrene refractive index of the order of 1 .59 it is for example a sandwich glass / PVB / PC / PVB / glass or glass / PMMA / PC / PMMA / glass).
- the difference between the refractive index of the guide and the refractive index of each of the adjacent elements (on each of its main faces) is at least 0.05, and particularly preferably is at least 0.1 or at least 0.2, the refractive index being measured at 550 nm (this measurement being carried out in a conventional manner, spectro-ellipsometry in particular).
- the guide is advantageously constituted by an organic sheet (or plastic sheet), but it could also possibly consist of at least one sheet of glass, or even be laminated or multiple, the guide or each of its layers (organic or inorganic or a combination of both types of layers) advantageously having a refractive index greater than the refractive index of the adjacent elements, its layers also having, for example, similar optical indices (in particular with a difference between the indices not exceeding 0.03 ).
- the guide may be thin or thick (especially up to 20 mm) and is preferably transparent. It can be tinted, but is preferably clear or extraclear.
- the guide may be for example a glass or an organic material having a linear absorption coefficient of less than 2.5 m -1 , preferably less than 0.7 m -1, the length guided radiation wave.
- the transmission factor (perpendicular to the faces main) of the guide around the peak of the radiation is greater than or equal to 50%, especially greater than or equal to 70%, or even greater than or equal to 80%.
- the glazing according to the invention comprises at least one lamination interlayer, advantageously at least two lamination interleaves on either side of the guide, in addition to the waveguide and the glass elements mentioned according to the invention. .
- the glazing unit also comprises at least one radiation source (or light source) coupled to the guide for propagating light (by total internal reflection) inside the guide (in the thickness), advantageously associated or coupled to the edge of the guide, the extraction means (of the light coming from the source / guided radiation) being in the thickness of the guide for an output of at least a portion of the light by the one (at least) of the main faces).
- at least one radiation source or light source
- the extraction means of the light coming from the source / guided radiation
- One or more light sources for example electrical and / or consisting of electroluminescent device (s) (LEDs, etc.) may be used.
- the light source (s) may be mono- (emitting in blue, green, red, etc.) or polychromatic, or may be adapted or combined to produce, for example, white light, etc .; they can be continuous or discontinuous, etc.
- the radiation or radiations, injected into the glazing can in particular be emitted in the visible and / or the UV (in particular near-UV), the radiation being able to be converted into visible light in the latter case by using means of conversion of UV light into visible, for example by passing through at least one layer of phosphors associated with the sources or deposited on the wafer or a face (in particular extraction) of the substrate, at least one source being arranged to allow (in combination with the other elements of the glazing) lighting at least one area of a face (usually main) that we seek to illuminate.
- the glazing is advantageously a luminous glazing illuminated by the wafer, the light source (s) being arranged along the edge (at the edge) of the glazing unit (in particular of its guide portion), this or these sources possibly being a conventional neon tube, aligned diodes (LEDs / LEDs), more or less spaced apart, one or more optical fibers (along the injection edge of the guide with light injection by lateral extraction of the fiber), etc.
- the light source being arranged along the edge (at the edge) of the glazing unit (in particular of its guide portion), this or these sources possibly being a conventional neon tube, aligned diodes (LEDs / LEDs), more or less spaced apart, one or more optical fibers (along the injection edge of the guide with light injection by lateral extraction of the fiber), etc.
- the edge, the corner or the edge of a face of the glazing / guide may comprise a recess where the sources or chips are placed (it is possible for example to cut (before soaking) the edge of a sheet to accommodate diodes) and / or these may be glued, in particular on the wafer (a glue with an optical index of refraction intermediate between the index of the guide and that of the external medium or the lens for example) is then chosen.
- the recessed area may form a groove along the guide, to accommodate a plurality of sources, a non-through groove or open on at least one side to facilitate side mounting.
- the sources may be in a means of protection and / or maintenance within the recessed area, in particular a U-shaped section, fixed to the coupling slice by gluing, latching, by bolts, etc., and occupy part or the majority of the recessed area.
- the wafer may be tapered (at least 45 ° angle, in particular at least 80 °, and less than 90 °) to redirect radiation over a wider area of extraction, and / or the wafer bearing sources and / or that opposite can be made reflective, for example by means of a metal adhesive tape or a silver deposit (protected by a varnish against oxidation) or include a mirror, to ensure optimal recycling of the guided radiation.
- quasi-point light sources such as LEDs
- these sources being advantageously placed along the edge of the guide (so as to illuminate the guide by its slice), this mode being simple, economical and efficient.
- the diodes may be simple semiconductor chips (without encapsulation or collimating lens), of size for example of the order of one hundred ⁇ or one or a few millimeters (for example 1 mm in width, 2.8 mm in length and 1.5 mm in height). They may also include a protective envelope, temporary or not, to protect the chip during manipulations or to improve the compatibility between the materials of the chip and other materials and / or be encapsulated (for example encapsulation of low volume type 'SMD'("surface mounted device"), with an envelope, for example resin type epoxy or nylon or PMMA, encapsulating the chip and having various functions: protection against oxidation and moisture, diffusing role, focusing, or collimation, wavelength conversion ).
- a protective envelope temporary or not, to protect the chip during manipulations or to improve the compatibility between the materials of the chip and other materials and / or be encapsulated (for example encapsulation of low volume type 'SMD'("surface mounted device"), with an envelope, for example resin type
- the total number of diodes is defined by the size and location of the areas to be illuminated, by the desired light intensity and the required light homogeneity.
- the diodes may be for example with one and / or the other of these characteristics: with electrical contacts on the opposite faces or on the same side, side emission (parallel to the electrical contacts), main direction of emission perpendicular or oblique with respect to the emitting face of the chip to promote the guidance, with two main directions of emission oblique with respect to the emitting face of the chip, giving a batwing wing shape ("batwing”) , the two directions being for example centered on angles between 20 ° and 40 ° and between -20 ° and -40 ° or on angles between 60 ° and 85 ° and between -60 ° and -85 °, reversed, diagram Lambertian emission, etc.
- batwing batwing wing shape
- each diode is generally less than 1 W, especially less than 0.5 W.
- Each diode can be of "high power" (greater than 0.2 W) and / or brightness greater than 5 lumens, and / or we can prefer to avoid intense bright spots and choose for example a "batwing" type diode.
- the diodes are chosen with the same main direction of emission (for simplicity), and with the same spectrum, mono or polychromatic (for uniform illumination). They generally have (each) a main direction of emission substantially parallel to the main faces, in particular up to + 5 ° or -5 ° with respect to the extraction face, the glazing may also comprise at least one reflector for the diodes , arranged to redirect light towards the extracting layer and / or on the internal or external faces of the glazing.
- the diodes can be (pre) assembled on one or more bases (called PCBs for Printed Circuit Board in English) or supports, with power supply tracks, these bases or these supports being able to be fixed to other supports (profiles, etc.).
- Each base / diode support may extend to the edge of the glazing and be fixed (including a glass sheet and / or guide) by pinching, donning, clipping, screwing, adhesive or double-sided tape, etc.
- the base / support is generally thin, in particular of thickness less than or equal to 3 mm, or even 1 mm, or even 0.1 mm or less, if necessary, to the thickness of a lamination interlayer.
- supports can be provided, especially if the areas to be illuminated are very distant from each other.
- the base may be of flexible material, dielectric or electroconductive (metal such as aluminum etc.), be composite, plastic, etc.
- the diodes may be soldered on electrically insulated tracks of the base, and / or on heat dissipating surfaces ("thermal pad") on plastic bases, or an electrical insulating material and thermal conductor (glue, tape, tape, double-sided adhesive, thermally conductive, thermal grease, etc.) can be inserted for better dissipation and luminous efficiency and for the durability of the diodes.
- thermal pad heat dissipating surfaces
- the total power of the group of diodes is preferably less than or equal to 30 [W / m] x L [m] to limit the heating and thus to perpetuate the diodes.
- the base can also carry a diffusing surface (flat or inclined) around the diodes, for example lacquer or paint, and / or a white reflector, etc.
- the glazing may also include means for sealing the fluid (s) capable of protecting the chips and / or the support of the chips may be perforated so that an adhesive glue drowns the chips.
- the glazing may comprise several groups of diodes (and one or more light areas). Like light sources or emitting different wavelengths can also be associated in compositions and / or varying concentrations, so as to form different colors or light areas of various shapes.
- the glazing may also comprise a receiving diode of control signals (especially in the infrared), for remote control of the diodes lighting, and / or they can be coupled to control means for emitting continuously or intermittently, with different intensities, a given color or different colors, etc.
- a receiving diode of control signals especially in the infrared
- control means for emitting continuously or intermittently, with different intensities, a given color or different colors, etc.
- diodes may optionally be used, if necessary in a recess for this purpose, or on a reported element.
- These other light sources may for example be glued or laminated with another substrate, in particular transparent (glass %), using a lamination interlayer, in particular extraclair.
- a photoluminescent layer in particular substantially transparent, and excitable in the UV (in particular near UV - approximately 360 to 400 nm) or in the visible, preferably associated with a light-emitting device (LED diodes, light-emitting layer ...) radiation producer exciter, for example based phosphor particles (CaS: Eu, Tm 2+, SRAI 2 O 4: Eu 2+, Y 3 Al 5 O 2: Ce, etc.), optionally associated to produce a white light, or so-called "core-shell" particles (for example ZnS for the shell and CdSe for the heart), these particles being able to be suspended in a matrix (for example inorganic, comprising an alkoxide polymerization product silicon such as tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), tetramethoxysilane (TMOS), methyltriethoxysilane (MTEOS), etc.), the photoluminescent layer possibly converting the wavelength of other source (s)
- TEOS
- the thickness of the source is advantageously low, up to a few nanometers or tens of nanometers in particular.
- one or more sensors related to the environment and / or glazing may be associated with the radiation sources and / or the supply system of said glazing.
- a brightness detector photodiode, etc.
- a temperature sensor external or integrated, on the glass or light sources
- the sensor used controlling for example the supply of the light sources via a computer or central unit It is possible to define a measurement value of the sensor (maximum brightness for example) beyond which the glazing ceases to operate one of its functions (light extraction or activation of the light sources especially).
- the glazing or one of its functions can be controlled (e) via the information received from or from ( s) sensors.
- the glazing function can also be "forced" by the user by deactivating the sensors.
- the sensors can be inside (eg of a vehicle) or outside.
- Management of the glazing according to the external environment makes it possible, for example, to improve the durability of the light sources and other components (polymers, electronic components, etc.), the limitation of their operation under light and / or temperature conditions. These high levels make it possible to significantly reduce (between 10 and 20 ° C minimum) the maximum temperatures at which the light sources can be exposed during the use of the product, while retaining the functions of the luminous glazing.
- This coupling also makes it possible to automatically adapt the lighting intensity of the glazing to the external light conditions, without the user intervening.
- the supply of the light sources may for example be controlled by the central computer of the vehicle allowing or not their ignition according to the information received from the light sensor placed for example in the upper part of the window. breeze or on a glazing such as a lighting roof.
- a brightness value exceeds the maximum value, which does not involve ignition of the light sources; in low light conditions (night), the maximum value is not reached, the activation of the sources is then operated.
- the ignition of the sources can also be controlled by a temperature sensor (on the glazing or on the light sources, etc.).
- the glazing in addition to the different sheets or layers (or elements) forming the base of the glazing and the light source or sources (or radiation) above, the glazing is characterized by the presence of a means of extraction in the form of at least one fibrous (or "textile") structure, said extraction means being arranged so as to create a light zone on at least one of the faces of the substrate (in particular the main face), and located in the heart of the waveguide element (usually under the area to be illuminated).
- this structure can be found in the element waveguide, or interposed between two parts (distinct but not necessarily disjoint) of the waveguide element and / or be on a portion of a portion of the waveguide element.
- This fibrous structure preferably comprises glass fibers and / or optionally polymer (or plastic) fibers.
- the glass forming part of the fibers may be of any fiberizable type, in particular glass E.
- polymer fibers it may be in particular polyester or polyolefin fibers such as polyethylene or polypropylene.
- the fibers may be of the same nature or not, having or not the same length and the same diameter, the density and the grammage of the structure may vary.
- the fibrous structure has a basis weight of between 10 and 500 g / m 2 , preferably between 10 and 100 g / m 2 , and comprises fibers with a diameter of between 1 and 20 microns, in particular between 5 and 15 microns. micrometers.
- the fibrous structure has a thickness of between 10 micrometers and 1 millimeter and consists of a layer of fibers, or even of several layers of fibers.
- the fibrous structure preferably has a light transmission TL greater than 45% and preferably greater than 60%, the light transmission being measured under illuminant D65.
- the fibrous structure can be woven or non-woven or knitted (in whole or in part, it is possible for example to weave patterns or form networks of different meshes), or embossed (to have a 3D effect), the fibers can form a network hexagonal, square, diamond, etc.
- the fibrous structure is advantageously a web (or several identical or different webs, of the same density or not, etc.), which ensures a random distribution of the fibers in the extractor layer.
- the term "sail” refers to a nonwoven consisting of completely dispersed filaments. With such a haze, the properties of the layer can be generally homogeneous, especially in terms of light transmission.
- the veil (more generally the fibrous structure) can be colored, cut to fit different shapes (it is possible in particular to use a punch for quickly cutting a stack of fibrous structures, etc.).
- extraction surface can thus be continuous or discretized, the illuminating patterns can be arranged regularly or randomly from one room to another.
- a non-woven fiberglass web generally contains a binder (capable of incorporating one or more additives, such as visible, infra-red, or phosphorescent, anti-UV, etc.) that binds the fibers and confers the veil rigidity sufficient to be easily handled.
- This binder which conventionally comprises at least one polymer (as exemplified hereinafter) capable of binding the fibers, is advantageously chosen to be transparent (it may also comprise a dye if appropriate) and may be of any appropriate type known.
- This binder preferably only covers a limited area of the fibers, so that radiation passing through the extraction layer encounters interfaces between the fibers and the binder or other fiber encapsulation medium in particular, as mentioned later. .
- the binder preferably represents about 5 to 30% by weight of the haze (for a glass haze in particular), particularly preferably 5 to 20%.
- fiber encapsulation is meant the coating of at least a portion of the fibers. There are thus interfaces between the material of the fibers and the material of the encapsulation medium.
- the fibrous structure may also optionally be formed by fibers deposited for example in a medium (in particular a polymer matrix) forming an encapsulation medium by becoming entangled in the manner of a veil, this veil then being devoid of any binder other than the encapsulation medium.
- a medium in particular a polymer matrix
- the fibrous structure can thus be associated with or embedded in a binder and / or encapsulation medium to allow in particular its manipulation and protection of the fibers.
- the fibrous structure and, where appropriate, its binder or encapsulation medium form a (semi-) transparent assembly.
- the absolute value of the difference between the refractive index of the fibers of the fibrous structure and the refractive index of the encapsulation medium (which may be the waveguide as explained later) and / or where appropriate (the refractive index) of the binder (when it is of sufficient thickness, in particular at least of the order of the fiber or fibers of the structure) is then of preferably greater than or equal to 0.05.
- the encapsulation medium of the fibers may advantageously be a polymeric material.
- it may be based on polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyurethane, an ionomer or a polyolefin-based adhesive, or based on thermoplastic polymer (s).
- PVB polyvinyl butyral
- EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
- polyurethane polyurethane
- an ionomer or a polyolefin-based adhesive or based on thermoplastic polymer (s).
- thermoplastic polymer s
- transparent (s) such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polycarbonate, polymethylmethacrylate, polyamides, polyimides, fluorinated polymers such as ethylene tetrafluoroethylene ( ETFE) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), etc.
- this encapsulation medium may be formed by air or by a
- the encapsulating medium incorporating the fibers where appropriate is also advantageously located in the heart of the waveguide element. It may be of identical material (it may also be the waveguide itself) or different, or of refractive index identical or different from that of the waveguide.
- the encapsulation medium is a polymer matrix, in particular formed by the waveguide, a polymeric lamination interlayer or a thermoplastic substrate.
- the fiber encapsulation medium is formed of the same material as the waveguide (s) or is the waveguide itself.
- the encapsulation medium generally has a thickness greater than or equal to the thickness of the fibrous structure.
- the fibrous structure with its encapsulation medium advantageously has a thickness less than or equal to that of the waveguide, the waveguide may protrude from one side or both sides of the fibrous structure (and its encapsulating medium where appropriate).
- the extraction properties of the fibrous layer may be adjusted by adjusting one or more parameters among, inter alia, the density of the fibrous structure, the diameter of the fibers, the length of the fibers, the composition of the fibers and that (the case appropriate) of the encapsulation medium.
- a fabric can be used when a good periodicity and regularity is sought.
- the extractor layer has a total light transmission greater than or equal to 80%, the total light transmission, comprising the direct light transmission and the diffuse light transmission, being determined according to ISO 9050: 2003 as previously indicated.
- the extracting layer also has a blur value in particular of greater than or equal to 40%, the blur value ("haze") of an element, expressed as a percentage, being representative of the ability of this element to be deflected. radiation, the blur values being measured in this case to the hazemeter according to ASTM D 1003.
- the fibrous structure used according to the invention may be inserted between two waveguide elements (or parts of elements). or on the edge of a waveguide element or inside a waveguide element, the assembly then being laminated / laminated with the other elements of the glazing.
- the fibrous structure may be deposited on the plastic sheet to form the waveguide, where appropriate larger than the intended laminate (in particular to inject more easily the light in the waveguide), then the together can be heated until softening of the plastic so that the fibers enter the polymer, the assembly then being simply rolled in a usual process of rolling between two glass plates (or at least two glass elements) and one or more spacers foliation.
- the fibrous structure may be inserted into a mold prior to injection of the polymer to form the waveguide to form the layer including waveguide (s) and fibrous layer (s), or the fibrous structure may to be interposed between two waveguide portions or on the edge of a waveguide before rolling between glass plates and, if appropriate, lamination interleaves.
- the extraction means may comprise one or more joined or separate fibrous layers (and optionally at least one binder and / or at least one encapsulation medium other than the waveguide in particular). Since the fibrous layer or layers are arranged in the thickness of the waveguide, they are protected and the outer faces of the glazing in contact with the external environment can then be smooth and easily cleanable.
- the extraction means may also comprise a first fibrous layer (diffusing in the visible and / or the UV) and a second layer, for example external, based on particles diffusing in the visible and / or luminophores excited by the UV and emitting in the visible. Additional extraction means can, if necessary be provided, for example an extracting face of the glass can also be mate, sandblasted, screen-printed etc, or the thickness of the guide can also be etched, etc.
- the fibrous layer (s) used as extraction means may cover one or more limited or more or less important zones (or parts) of the surface of the glazing according to the illumination or the desired effect (they may be in the form of arranged strips peripherally to form a light frame, can form logos or patterns, etc.).
- the surface fraction covered by the fibers can grow with the distance of the light source, being for example 5% near the source and 16% to 55% far from the source.
- the extraction means can be in several pieces, for example patterns, identical or distinct, continuous or discontinuous, can be of any geometric shape (rectangular, square, triangle, circular, oval, etc.), and / or can form a drawing, a signage (arrow, letter ).
- Controllable and reproducible zones can be easily obtained industrially.
- the glazing may thus comprise several areas (fibrous layers) extraction to form several light areas on the glazing.
- the light zone or zones may cover part or all of the surface (functional, visible) of the glazing. Several areas can be illuminated simultaneously or not, be controlled independently or not.
- the glazing may be of different lighting, for example producing both architectural and decorative lighting, or architectural and signaling lighting, or architectural lighting and display (eg drawing, logo, alphanumeric signage, etc.), or reading lighting, etc. Color schemes can also be obtained depending on the light sources (in particular LEDs) but also by coloring the fibers of the fibrous structure.
- the majority, or even at least 80% or 90% of the rays (in particular arriving at the zone of the fibrous layer) are extracted by the fibrous layer.
- the advantage of a discrete or random distribution of the fibers is to obtain a transparent guide when the light source is extinguished, through which one can see distinctly (possibility of recognizing and identifying shapes such as faces, symbols), this being particularly interesting for automotive applications.
- the glazing when the light source is extinguished, the glazing is transparent or globally (because of the mesh of the fibers) transparent, especially of light transmission T L greater than 20%, preferably greater than or equal to 50%, even greater than or equal to 70%, and of light reflection R L less than or equal to 50%, preferably less than or equal to 30% (for example of an illuminating window, the improvement of the illumination of the room n 'being not achieved at the expense of light transmission).
- the glazing when the light source is extinguished, the glazing may be semi-reflecting or reflecting, forming a mirror (by means of a mirror attached to one of the faces of the substrate, metal foil, stainless steel plate for example, or a metal layer, in particular silver, on one of the faces of the substrate (generally opposite to the light / extractor face), the glazing may also form a mirror when the source is turned on.
- One or more other zones may indeed also be present on one and / or other of the elements of the glazing, for example: a (semi) transparent zone, and / or a mirror reflecting zone (by depositing a reflective coating), with the optional additional diffusing means formed by attacking the mirror, and / or a translucent, satin-like zone (preservation of privacy, etc.), for example by texturing a glass element, and / or decorative zone, by an opaque and / or colored coating or by a tinted glass element, etc.
- a transparent zone and / or a mirror reflecting zone (by depositing a reflective coating)
- the optional additional diffusing means formed by attacking the mirror
- / or a translucent, satin-like zone preservation of privacy, etc.
- the glazing according to the present invention satisfies the industrial requirements (in terms of efficiency, cost, speed, automation, etc.), thus making it possible to produce "low cost” without sacrificing performance. It can be used both outdoors and indoors.
- the glazing may comprise, for example, a laminated structure composed of an outer sheet (intended to be illuminated), a transparent central sheet for guiding light (waveguide sheet as described according to US Pat. invention) incorporating an inner layer of fibers, and another external sheet.
- the light source is a plurality of light-emitting diodes mounted on a side support fixed to the edge of the laminated sheets, a hole being optionally made in the central sheet for housing the diodes.
- the glazing may also include other elements and / or layers, for example a light reflector (a part fixed where appropriate in the internal space with a reflecting surface, the central rays being returned to a with the reflector, this possibly ensuring a better optical efficiency and / or this reflector recycling the light backscattered by diffusing means and / or reflected on the base or the bases of the diodes and / or reflected on a spacer.
- the glazing can also comprising one or more transparent adhesive resins (for bonding the elements, for example an outer adhesive-forming layer, in particular of a material softened by heating to become adhesive (PVB for example) or of a material with adhesive faces such as PE, PU, PET), a layer (sheet, film, deposit ...) protective (for example a flexible film of PU, PE, silicone optionally glued by acry lique) at the edge of a face or extending on said face, a layer (where appropriate electroconductive) with one or more functions such as: radiation protection (IR, UV, UV
- a coating with a given function for example blocking infrared radiation (for example based on silver layers surrounded by dielectric layers, or nitride layers such as TiN or ZrN or metal oxides or steel or Ni-Cr alloy), or low-emissivity function (for example doped metal oxide such as SnO 2 : F or indium oxide doped with tin (ITO) or one or more layers of silver), or anti-fog (hydrophilic layer), or antifouling (photocatalytic coating comprising at least partially crystallized TiO 2 in anatase form), or an anti-reflection stack of the type for example Si 3 N 4 / SiO 2 / Si 3 N 4 / SiO 2 , a layer hydrophobic / oleophobic, oleophilic, a stack reflecting heat radiation (solar control) or infrared (low-emissive), etc.
- the module can thus integrate all known features in the
- the glazing according to the invention can be used to form decorative lighting, reading, architectural, signaling, display, etc. It can be for example:
- a bright glass roof or window (rear window, side window, windshield) light glass door light, including public transport, train, subway, tram, bus or vehicle aquatic or aerial (airplane), street or urban lighting,
- a building glazing such as an illuminating (or luminous) facade, an illuminating window, a ceiling lamp, a floor slab or luminous wall, a luminous glazed door, a luminous partition, a step of stairs,
- - intended for street furniture such as a luminous glass part of a bus shelter, a balustrade, a display case, a display case, a shelving unit, a greenhouse, a jewelery display, an aquarium, a railing, a counter walk, a plinth,
- a bathroom wall light such as a bathroom wall light, a light mirror, a luminous glass part of a piece of furniture, a kitchen worktop, a credenza, a hood base, a floor tile or wall mounted, a refrigerator element (tablet ..),
- these flat lamps can be a light source or "back-light" used in flat panel computers to provide the lighting of a liquid crystal display, or used on ceilings, floors, or walls, or lamps for billboards or lamps that may constitute shelves or showcases, etc. It is generally referred to as a flat lamp when the glazing consists of two substantially flat substrates, such as glass sheets, on which are deposited different constituent layers of the lamp (for example silver electrodes covered with a dielectric, layers alumina and phosphorus, etc.).
- the lighting / extraction can be adjusted for ambient lighting, reading, light signaling, night lighting or information display of any kind, drawing, logo, signage alphanumeric or other signs, and can also be activated by remote control (detection of the vehicle in a parking or other, indicator of (un) locking doors), safety signaling, etc.
- the light may be continuous and / or intermittently, monochromatic and / or multicolor, white, etc.
- the glazing has lighting with good homogeneity and a satisfactory extraction efficiency.
- the insertion of the textile provides a zone delineation easily controllable and reproducible industrially and extraction easier to control, the robustness of the diodes is also interesting in intensive use.
- the use of the fibrous structure as an extracting surface in automotive glazing applications is also compatible with the use of thin layers on glass and with production lines that do not have screen printing, it also makes it possible to to have a rendering and aesthetics not possible with other extraction means and is compatible with the requirements of glazing with smooth outer surfaces. It also participates in the reinforcement of the glazing if it is used on a large surface.
- the invention also relates to a vehicle incorporating (or comprising) the glazing previously defined.
- the invention relates to a glaze manufacturing method as defined above comprising the addition of at least one fibrous structure (forming an extraction means) in the heart of at least one waveguide element and the laminating the assembly between at least two glass elements and possibly a lamination interlayer, said waveguide element having a refractive index greater than the refractive index of the elements, interlayer (s) and / or glass (s), adjacent between which it is laminated.
- the fibrous structure may in particular be encapsulated in the waveguide element (or in a polymer / plastic encapsulation layer or sheet in a preliminary step), the encapsulation of the fibrous structure can be carried out at during the molding of the layer concerned, by positioning the fibrous structure in a mold and then injecting the polymer (in particular thermoplastic, for example carbonate in the case of the waveguide) into the mold.
- the fibrous layer can be embedded in the sheet / layer (plastic) concerned, by compressing the fibrous layer against the plastic sheet or (the assembly formed by) the fibrous layer deposited on the plastic sheet can be heated to the softening of the plastic so that the fibers enter the polymer.
- the fibrous structure (and optionally its binder and / or encapsulation medium) can be added (positioned, glued, etc.) between two waveguide portions or on the edge of a guide wire. wave.
- the assembly formed by each fibrous structure (and optionally its encapsulation medium) and the associated waveguide (s) is then put in place in the glazing, in the same way as for an interlayer of conventional laminating, and this laminated structure is preferably passed to the oven (for example at temperatures of the order of 120 ° C and under pressure) so as to obtain good cohesion between the various constituent layers of the glazing.
- this web can be formed by a "dry route” method, or by a “wet” method.
- Such methods of manufacturing fiberglass webs are well known to those skilled in the art, they are not described in more detail here.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of a glazing in a first embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic sectional view of a glazing in a second embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 3 a and 3b respectively show schematic front views of a glazing according to one embodiment of the invention.
- the glazing according to the invention is a laminated glazing unit 1 comprising:
- a first transparent sheet 2 for example rectangular (of dimensions 300 ⁇ 300 mm for example), made of mineral glass, having a first main face 3 and a second main face 4, and a slice 5 preferably rounded (to avoid scales), for example a planilux-type silicosodocalcic glass sheet (sold by Saint-Gobain Glass), of thickness equal for example to 2.1 mm, having a refractive index of 1 .51.
- a first transparent sheet 2 for example rectangular (of dimensions 300 ⁇ 300 mm for example), made of mineral glass, having a first main face 3 and a second main face 4, and a slice 5 preferably rounded (to avoid scales), for example a planilux-type silicosodocalcic glass sheet (sold by Saint-Gobain Glass), of thickness equal for example to 2.1 mm, having a refractive index of 1 .51.
- a second glass sheet 2 ' of the same composition and dimensions, or optionally with a composition for a tinted solar control function (glass VENUS VG10 or TSA 4+ marketed by Saint-Gobain Glass for example) and / or covered a solar control coating, having a refractive index of 1 .51, with a main face 4 'facing the face 4, and another main face 3', and a wafer 5 ',
- a sheet of polycarbonate 6 (having a refractive index of the order of 1.59) constituting a waveguide element, and of dimensions greater than those of the other elements of the laminate, this sheet having a first main face 7 and a second main face 8, and a wafer 9, said sheet incorporating in its core a fibrous structure 10 having a refractive index of 1 .57 and carrying at each of its two lateral ends protruding from the laminate one or more light sources 11 formed ( s) light-emitting diodes.
- the glass sheets of the glazing preferably have a linear absorption coefficient of less than or equal to 2.5 m -1 in the visible (for example, extraclear soda-lime glass with a linear absorption coefficient of less than 0.7 m -1 in the visible or the near UV).
- the support profile of the light emitting diodes 1 1 extends at the edge of the glazing unit and is fixed to the waveguide sheet (possibly comprising a notch) on the wafer 9 (the emitting face of the sources being opposite the slice and a glue being deposited where appropriate on the chips to ensure sealing during encapsulation).
- This support may be monolithic metal (stainless steel, aluminum) or for example polyimide with layers, thin, thickness equal to 0.2 mm.
- the diodes of each group each have a given main direction of emission substantially parallel to the first face, for example equidistant from the first and third faces.
- the diodes (about twenty) have an individual power of 0.4 W (approximately), over a length L0 of 450 mm, a power of 20.5 W / m.
- the radiation is guided in the thickness of the waveguide (or portions of the waveguide or in each of the waveguides, if appropriate) by reflections and is extracted from the first face 3 by means of the fibrous layer 10.
- the fibrous layer is advantageously a transparent veil of type E glass fibers.
- An example of a fiberglass veil that can be used for the veil is a veil of the U50 type marketed by Saint-Gobain Technical Fabrics, which exhibits a basis weight, or basis weight, of 50 g / m 2 .
- the glazing unit of FIG. 1 may form, for example, a fixed panoramic roof of an earth vehicle mounted externally, the first sheet being on the inside of the vehicle, and the extraction being preferably by the face 3 (oriented for example towards the interior of a vehicle).
- the luminous glazing is generally transparent (FIG. 3a), of overall light transmission T L of the order of 85% and of light reflection R L of the order of 15%.
- the extraction can form a luminous pattern 12 (with a possibly a fibrous aesthetic rendering), for example a logo or a mark, as represented in FIG. 3b, the veil being in fact cut according to the desired pattern to create the desired signage.
- the fibrous structure forming the extraction means is here inserted (for example as hot as seen above) in the thickness of the waveguide sheet 6 at the desired location to form a light zone and its thickness does not exceed that of the waveguide sheet (this fibrous structure is used alone or with a binder or where appropriate already encapsulated or embedded in a polycarbonate or another polymer, the absolute value of the difference between the refractive index of the fibers of the fibrous structure and the refractive index of the binder and / or of the encapsulation medium being, where appropriate, greater than or equal to 0, 05).
- the veil, and if appropriate its initial coating material (binder, encapsulation medium), forming the extraction means, can be encapsulated in only part of the thickness of the waveguide or can be the same thickness.
- the difference in refractive index between the fibers of the web and the encapsulation matrix (guide or other intermediate medium) contributes to the extraction of the radiation at the interface between the fibers of the web and the matrix.
- the extraction related to the haze together with the good light transmission of the layer at rest can be adjusted by adjusting one or more parameters among, in particular, the weight of the haze, the fiber diameter of the haze, the composition of the fibers of the veil, the composition of the polymer matrix, so as to obtain a layer achieving a compromise advantageous between blur and light transmission.
- the glazing may also comprise several waveguide portions or several distinct waveguides 6a, 6b, at the intersection of which (or on the wafer 9 ', opposite to the wafer receiving the sources, of which) find the fibrous structure 10, and lying in particular on the same plane (as well as the fibrous structure).
- the glazing may alternatively have a plurality of light zones, the light zone or zones occupying, for example, at least 50% or even 80% of the surface of at least one face, being of given geometry (rectangular, square, round ...) and / or regularly distributed to provide decorative lighting.
- the glazing generally has advantageously a single illuminating face 3, constituting for example a luminaire.
- the glazing can thus be used as a mirror (especially when the glazing is intended for building applications) during the day and as a source of illumination at night.
- the glazing differs from the previous one by the following technical characteristics: the glass 2 is laminated with the glass 2 '(possibly of different sizes or shapes), by means of two spacers 13, 13' (or parts of interlayer) such as PVB, preferably (extra) clear (or a clear and tinted), and thickness for example 0.38 mm each, these tabs further having a refractive index of 1.48, between which is the waveguide 6 and the fibrous structure 10.
- the glass 2 is laminated with the glass 2 '(possibly of different sizes or shapes), by means of two spacers 13, 13' (or parts of interlayer) such as PVB, preferably (extra) clear (or a clear and tinted), and thickness for example 0.38 mm each, these tabs further having a refractive index of 1.48, between which is the waveguide 6 and the fibrous structure 10.
- the glazing unit according to the invention can be used in multiple applications, in particular in the automobile (generally in the form of a laminated or monolithic glazing), but also possibly in the building, inside or outside (in particular in the form of a multiple insulating glass, for example for the lighting of building facades ...), flat lamps, etc.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Planar Illumination Modules (AREA)
- Illuminated Signs And Luminous Advertising (AREA)
- Arrangements Of Lighting Devices For Vehicle Interiors, Mounting And Supporting Thereof, Circuits Therefore (AREA)
- Arrangement Of Elements, Cooling, Sealing, Or The Like Of Lighting Devices (AREA)
- Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (9)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2015521038A JP6382804B2 (ja) | 2012-07-11 | 2013-07-01 | 発光グレージングユニット、その製造方法及び使用 |
| BR112015000417A BR112015000417A2 (pt) | 2012-07-11 | 2013-07-01 | vidraça luminosa |
| US14/413,968 US9568659B2 (en) | 2012-07-11 | 2013-07-01 | Luminous glazing unit |
| CA2876060A CA2876060A1 (fr) | 2012-07-11 | 2013-07-01 | Vitrage lumineux |
| RU2015104341A RU2660817C2 (ru) | 2012-07-11 | 2013-07-01 | Светящееся остекление |
| MX2014015980A MX2014015980A (es) | 2012-07-11 | 2013-07-01 | Panel de vidrio luminoso. |
| KR1020157000320A KR20150036011A (ko) | 2012-07-11 | 2013-07-01 | 발광 유리 패널 |
| EP13739762.6A EP2872327A1 (fr) | 2012-07-11 | 2013-07-01 | Vitrage lumineux |
| CN201380036900.5A CN104411490A (zh) | 2012-07-11 | 2013-07-01 | 发光窗玻璃单元 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1256664 | 2012-07-11 | ||
| FR1256664A FR2993203B1 (fr) | 2012-07-11 | 2012-07-11 | Vitrage lumineux |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2014009630A1 true WO2014009630A1 (fr) | 2014-01-16 |
Family
ID=47172799
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2013/051539 Ceased WO2014009630A1 (fr) | 2012-07-11 | 2013-07-01 | Vitrage lumineux |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9568659B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2872327A1 (fr) |
| JP (2) | JP6382804B2 (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20150036011A (fr) |
| CN (2) | CN104411490A (fr) |
| BR (1) | BR112015000417A2 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2876060A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2993203B1 (fr) |
| MX (1) | MX2014015980A (fr) |
| RU (1) | RU2660817C2 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2014009630A1 (fr) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR112015000417A2 (pt) | 2017-06-27 |
| CN104411490A (zh) | 2015-03-11 |
| FR2993203B1 (fr) | 2014-07-18 |
| JP6382804B2 (ja) | 2018-08-29 |
| CN108957618A (zh) | 2018-12-07 |
| US20150253486A1 (en) | 2015-09-10 |
| MX2014015980A (es) | 2015-03-20 |
| RU2660817C2 (ru) | 2018-07-10 |
| JP2015529935A (ja) | 2015-10-08 |
| FR2993203A1 (fr) | 2014-01-17 |
| US9568659B2 (en) | 2017-02-14 |
| JP2018125298A (ja) | 2018-08-09 |
| CA2876060A1 (fr) | 2014-01-16 |
| RU2015104341A (ru) | 2016-08-27 |
| EP2872327A1 (fr) | 2015-05-20 |
| KR20150036011A (ko) | 2015-04-07 |
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