Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
  • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
  • C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
  • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
  • C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
  • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
  • C10G1/10—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
  • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
  • C10K1/04—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
  • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
  • Y02P20/143—Feedstock the feedstock being recycled material, e.g. plastics

Definitions

• the present disclosure relates generally to a process and system for the decomposition and recycling of waste, and more particularly to a process and system for the decomposition and recycling of carbon-containing waste, such as vehicle tires and plastic.
• Carbon-containing materials such as rubber and plastics, form a major portion of all waste.
• the disposal of carbon-containing materials has been a longstanding environmental problem. Incinerating carbon-containing waste leads to serious environmental pollution. Dumping carbon-containing waste into landfills is also not a feasible long term solution. Furthermore, the recycling of these materials can be costly and difficult because of inadequate separation prior to recycling.
• a system for recycling carbon-containing material includes a reactor for heating the carbon-containing material to produce carbon-containing gases.
• the system further includes a condenser operably connected to the reactor for condensing a portion of the carbon-containing gases to provide condensed gas and non-condensed gas.
• the system further includes a conduit arrangement operably connected to the reactor and the condenser wherein the non-condensed gas from the condenser is returned to the reactor.
• a method for recycling carbon-containing material includes preheating carbon-containing material, charging the pre-heated carbon-containing material to a reactor, and heating the carbon-containing material in the reactor to form carbon-containing gases.
• the method further includes condensing a portion of the carbon-containing gases to form condensed gas and non-condensed gas and introducing the non-condensed gas to reactor as coolant.
• Figure 1 shows a schematic of a system for recycling carbon-containing waste according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
• Figure 2 shows a process flow diagram of a process for recycling carbon-containing waste according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
• Figure 1 shows a schematic of a system for recycling carbon-containing waste according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. More specifically, Figure 1 shows a system for the thermal decomposition of carbon-containing waste in a temperature range of 465 - 585 degrees Celsius, with a continuous supply of heat, hermetically sealed loading of waste and unloading of solid residue, in a two- stage heating system with continuous pumping out of gases in vacuum.
• Carbon-containing waste can be found in three aggregative states: solid, liquid and gas.
• Solid waste from industrial production and daily life includes mainly high-molecular polymers and mineral components;
• liquid waste includes suspension-emulsion mixtures of liquid hydrocarbons that may include olefinic, alkyl-aromatic and oligomeric compounds;
• gaseous waste includes primarily methane, ethane, propane, butane and their derivatives. All of the above-mentioned types of waste can be recycled using the method disclosed herein with subsequent capture of waste decomposition products.
• the composition of carbon-containing waste may include: waste rubber products (used tires, rubber hoses, etc.), waste plastics (bottles PET, etc.), organic waste of animal and vegetable origin, medical waste (single-use syringes, medical gloves, surgical waste, etc.) and other types of waste.
• waste rubber products used tires, rubber hoses, etc.
• waste plastics bottles PET, etc.
• organic waste of animal and vegetable origin organic waste of animal and vegetable origin
• medical waste single-use syringes, medical gloves, surgical waste, etc.
• waste for completeness of waste decomposition, reduction of time of decomposition and the maximum productivity of the installation, it is recommended that waste is prepared by being reduced to a size not exceeding 200 x 200 mm.
• the carbon-containing waste is heated at temperatures in the range of 250 - 465 degrees Celsius.
• This first stage heating may occur in a preheating chamber for carbon-containing waste in the reactor.
• links between low-molecular compounds rupture resulting in the formation of radicals, which are saturated by hydrogen to a state at the limit of obtaining combustible gases (methane, ethane, propane) and may be pumped out at low concentration into a condensation and purification systems.
• combustible gases methane, ethane, propane
• the carbon- containing waste enters the second-stage in a reactor chamber where the waste is heated to a temperature of 465 - 585 degrees Celsius.
• the high-molecular hydrocarbons may be decomposed at these temperatures with the rupture of polymer chains and the formation of radicals, which in turn react with the released hydrogen to produce hydrocarbons of olefinic, aromatic, and oligomeric series of molecular compounds.
• Gaseous and vaporous compounds may be removed by vacuum into the condensation and purification system. Vaporous components may be condensed to a liquid state.
• the resulting liquid is generally a mixture of alkyl-aromatic and oligomeric hydrocarbon compounds (from 68 to 85% mass) with a high octane number, which can serve as feedstock for further waste processing or high-caloric fuel.
• the presence of a sufficiently large amount of sulfur (up to 0.87%) may require, if necessary, a process of desulfurization.
• the process of decomposition at temperatures of 465 - 585 degrees Celsius is optimal, since the process of obtaining highly toxic compounds, oxins and dioxins occurs mainly at higher temperatures.
• Coke-like solid residue may include low-grade carbon black and mineral components.
• a coolant may be heated in a separate unit and may be fed separately into the heating zones of the reactor.
• the leak-proof arrangement of the process may be ensured by a special hardware design of the reactor and a weak concentration in the reactor, which allows the removal of gaseous and vaporous products of decomposition of carbon-containing waste.
• gaseous and vaporous products from the second stage of the reactor allows the process to be substantially carried out.
• Gas purified from the vaporous components may be used either as fuel for the production of the coolant (heat), or for commercial purposes. After burning the gas, the gas is effectively turned into air with a mass fraction of organic compounds of not more than 0.8% by volume, and carbon monoxide of no more than 0.1% by volume, which is environmentally safe for human activity.
• the recycling system 10 includes a carbon-containing feedstock delivery system 15. As shown in Figure 1 , the delivery system may be a truck, which is used to deliver the carbon containing feedstock via a truck.
• the recycling system 10 may also include a grinder 20 which may be used to shred the carbon- containing waste prior to processing the waste. Using a grinder 20 is particularly useful when handling large solid carbon-containing waste such as tires. In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, the waste is shredded to a size not exceeding 200 x 200 mm.
• the recycling system 10 further includes a reactor delivery system 25, reactor unloading system 30, reactor 35 and a reactor loading system 40.
• the reactor delivery system 25 may be used to deliver the carbon-containing waste from the grinder to the reactor 35.
• the reactor delivery system 25 may be, for example, a conveyor system that transports the waste to the top of the reactor 35.
• the reactor loading system 40 may work in conjunction with the reactor unloading system 30 to ensure that the volume of the reactor 35 is not exceeded and that the reactor 35 remains sealed such that the pyrolysis operation is not sacrificed.
• Both the reactor unloading system 30 and the reactor loading system 40 may be for example hoppers.
• the reactor 35 may comprise any unit or number of units suitable for pyrolysis of carbon-containing materials.
• the reactor 35 may be a two-stage reactor as described herein.
• the reactor 35 may be single- stage or multi-stage.
• a person skilled in the art will recognize that the reactor 35 must be at least a two-stage reactor to facilitate a continuous process according to the present disclosure whereas a single stage reactor will operate in a batch manner.
• a separation unit 38 may be positioned downstream from the reactor 35 in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
• the separation unit 38 may be used to separate carbon from metal wires.
• a separation unit 38 is particularly useful if the carbon-containing waste includes discarded vehicle tires that have metal wires incorporated in them.
• the carbon collection tank 42 is designed to collect a large fraction of unwanted carbon, such as slag, from the reactor 35.
• the recycling system 10 may also include a control system for reactor heating 45 and a heating unit 50, which may be used to heat the reactor 35 such that the carbon-containing waste undergoes pyrolysis.
• the control system 45 operates to control the temperature within the range of 265-585 degrees Celsius. As described herein, keeping the temperature within this temperature range will minimize the formation of certain toxins.
• the recycling system 50 may also include a filtration system 55 for the exhaust gases.
• the recycling system 10 may also include a heating unit ignition chimney 60.
• the recycling system 10 may also include a gas purification system 65 for purifying the effluent gas from the reactor 35 as shown in Figure 1.
• the gas travels through the gas purification system 65 prior to entering the condenser 70.
• a small fraction of the carbon may be unloaded directly from the gas purification cycle 65.
• the recycling system 10 may also include a condenser 70 that is downstream from the purification system 65.
• a cooling tower 72 and circulation pump 74 may also be used to supply cooling water to the condenser 70.
• the condenser 70 condenses a portion of the purified gas to a condensed gas.
• These carbon-containing condensed gases may then be further processed to provide usable end products such as liquid heating fuel.
• the condensed gases may be pumped from the condenser 70 using a condensation pump 76 and offloaded for use. The offloading may occur using a truck.
• the non-condensed gases may also exit the condenser 70 and enter a smoke exhauster 80 and a gas distribution unit 85.
• a portion of the non-condensed gases may be used to power a gas electric generator 90.
• the generator shown in Figure 1 may be used to provide electricity to household consumers 95.
• the remaining portion of non-condensed gases may be used as coolant for the reactor 70. Therefore, the condenser 70 may be configured in some embodiments to divert a portion of the non-condensed gas from the condenser 70 to the reactor to be used as coolant.
• conduit is arranged from gas distribution unit 85 to heating unit 50 and the coolant is added directly into the reactor 35.
• the constituents of this coolant gas are nitrogen, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide.
• the process disclosed herein is more efficient and environmentally safe because the source of the coolant used to regulate the temperature of the reactor is byproduct of the decomposition process itself.
• the process of managing the coolant supply is automatically controlled by the temperature in the heat zones of the reactor 35.
• the coolant may be fed into zones of the reactor 35 through separate conduits directly in the heating zones of the reaction mass.
• the spent coolant is removed together with the decomposition products in condensation and the cleaning of the dust-gas mixture.
• Figure 2 shows a flowchart of a process for recycling carbon-containing waste according to the principles of the disclosure.
• Figure 2 more specifically shows an installation for recycling carbon-containing waste.
• the installation may be configured for capacities of 5 tons per day and above, subject to incremental increases. Other capacities are contemplated as well.
• the first step in the process is preparing the carbon-containing waste.
• the preparation step may depend in part on the type of carbon-containing waste that is used in the process. For example, grinders and shredders may be used if there is substantial solid carbon-containing waste, in particular vehicle tires.
• the carbon-containing waste is loaded into the reactor and heating of the carbon-containing waste is conducted. The heating step occurs in two stages (first stage and second stage) as discussed above.
• the carbon-containing waste from the reactor is purified and condensed. Solid residue is unloaded from the reactor at this time. Dust is also collected from the reactor and the carbon-water slurry is collected.
• the resin from the purification system and condenser is separated. After separation, the carbon-containing waste is further purified and condensed. At this point, the liquid fraction is collected and used as the end product, usually heating fuel. The remaining carbon fraction is further purified and condensed. The next step is suction of the vapor gas mixture and separating the gas from the liquid. The gas is then heated and returned to the reactor as coolant by way of the heating unit.
• the installation for this may include the following unit operations:
• Unit for preparation of waste (shredder of waste, set of baskets, tankers, skip hoist, and the like);
• Heating unit 50
• Dust collection system [0048] Dust collection system; [0049] System for purifying and condensing the vapor-gas mixture 65, 70;
• prepared waste may enter the loading unit 40 through the skip hoist, and then be loaded into the reactor 35.
• the heating temperature may be regulated by a quantity of incoming coolant.
• the resultant vapor-gas fraction may be removed by vacuum, the solid fraction may be removed in the unloading unit.
• the vapor-gas mixture may pass through the system for purification and condensation 65, 70, as well as the resin separation system, where the condensed liquid fraction may enter the tank through a collecting system.
• the gas fraction, through the gas separation system maybe fed to fuel burners of a heating unit, and for other needs (if necessary).
• the process control system for decomposition of waste in the installation may be electronic through electrical and hydraulic control stop valves.
• the invention may be implemented in any type of computing devices, such as, e.g., a desktop computer, personal computer, a laptop/mobile computer, a personal data assistant (PDA), a mobile phone, a tablet computer, cloud computing device, and the like, with wired/wireless communications capabilities via the communication channels.
• computing devices such as, e.g., a desktop computer, personal computer, a laptop/mobile computer, a personal data assistant (PDA), a mobile phone, a tablet computer, cloud computing device, and the like, with wired/wireless communications capabilities via the communication channels.
• PDA personal data assistant
• the methods described herein are intended for operation with dedicated hardware implementations including, but not limited to, PCs, PDAs, semiconductors, application specific integrated circuits (ASIC), programmable logic arrays, cloud computing devices, and other hardware devices constructed to implement the methods described herein.
• dedicated hardware implementations including, but not limited to, PCs, PDAs, semiconductors, application specific integrated circuits (ASIC), programmable logic arrays, cloud computing devices, and other hardware devices constructed to implement the methods described herein.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
• Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
• Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=49877675

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (2)

Families Citing this family (1)

Family Cites Families (6)

• 2013
  • 2013-07-09 WO PCT/IB2013/002054 patent/WO2014009814A2/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2013-07-09 US US13/937,794 patent/US20140008204A1/en not_active Abandoned

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events