WO2014014152A1 - 서로 다른 액상 실리콘 고무 코팅액을 이용한 합성피혁의 제조방법 - Google Patents
서로 다른 액상 실리콘 고무 코팅액을 이용한 합성피혁의 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014014152A1 WO2014014152A1 PCT/KR2012/006049 KR2012006049W WO2014014152A1 WO 2014014152 A1 WO2014014152 A1 WO 2014014152A1 KR 2012006049 W KR2012006049 W KR 2012006049W WO 2014014152 A1 WO2014014152 A1 WO 2014014152A1
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- Prior art keywords
- coating
- fabric
- synthetic leather
- silicone rubber
- liquid silicone
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
- D04H1/587—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives characterised by the bonding agents used
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
- B32B37/15—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer being manufactured and immediately laminated before reaching its stable state, e.g. in which a layer is extruded and laminated while in semi-molten state
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
- B32B25/04—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B25/042—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of natural rubber or synthetic rubber
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
- B32B25/10—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
- B32B25/20—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising silicone rubber
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
- B32B37/26—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer which influences the bonding during the lamination process, e.g. release layers or pressure equalising layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
- B32B38/10—Removing layers, or parts of layers, mechanically or chemically
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/024—Woven fabric
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
- D04H1/64—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/12—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins
- D06N3/128—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins with silicon polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
- B32B37/26—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer which influences the bonding during the lamination process, e.g. release layers or pressure equalising layers
- B32B2037/268—Release layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/03—3 layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0261—Polyamide fibres
- B32B2262/0269—Aromatic polyamide fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2479/00—Furniture
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
- B32B2605/003—Interior finishings
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2209/00—Properties of the materials
- D06N2209/06—Properties of the materials having thermal properties
- D06N2209/067—Flame resistant, fire resistant
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2209/00—Properties of the materials
- D06N2209/14—Properties of the materials having chemical properties
- D06N2209/143—Inert, i.e. inert to chemical degradation, corrosion resistant
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2209/00—Properties of the materials
- D06N2209/14—Properties of the materials having chemical properties
- D06N2209/146—Soilproof, soil repellent
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2211/00—Specially adapted uses
- D06N2211/12—Decorative or sun protection articles
- D06N2211/28—Artificial leather
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
- Y10T442/2041—Two or more non-extruded coatings or impregnations
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a synthetic leather for various interior interior materials and various miscellaneous goods, in particular to the production of synthetic leather using a different liquid silicone rubber coating liquid, more specifically using a different fabric according to the use
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a synthetic leather having properties that are optimally suited for its use, and to a synthetic leather produced accordingly.
- polyurethane or polyvinyl chloride was mainly used as a coating agent when preparing synthetic leather.
- the method for producing synthetic leather using polyurethane includes 20 to 80 parts by weight of solids polymerized with polyol, chain extender, and isocyanate in an organic solvent such as dimethylformamide or methyl ethyl ketone, and has a viscosity of 50,000 to 150,000 cps.
- Synthetic leather is manufactured using a polyurethane impregnating material and a coating material having a temperature of / 25 ° C. The manufacturing method is generally divided into a dry method and a wet method.
- polyurethane is used as a coating layer and an adhesive layer.
- a coating liquid containing polyurethane, dimethylformamide, methyl ethyl ketone, and a pigment in an appropriate ratio is coated on at least one or more times on a release paper, and then passed through the release paper through a dryer to obtain a solvent. Volatilize to form a film. Then, a polyurethane adhesive, a curing agent, a curing accelerator, and a coating solution containing dimethylformamide and methyl ethyl ketone were coated thereon, and then, the adhesive was adhered to the fabric with sufficient adhesive, and then the release paper was peeled off. It is to manufacture a urethane synthetic leather.
- synthetic leather products to be used for aircraft or ship interior materials require very strict physical properties (e.g., vertical flame retardancy, smoke density, heat release, etc.). could not satisfy the physical properties.
- the present invention is to solve the above problems, first, in order to manufacture a synthetic leather suitable as interior materials for aircraft or ships, to develop a substrate fabric suitable for it, by using the surface coating process using additional silicone rubber on the surface
- This is to provide synthetic leather that is stable to temperature changes and has excellent physical properties such as solvent resistance, hydrolysis resistance, and fouling resistance, and can satisfy the required physical properties of aircraft interior materials.
- the present invention uses an ultrafine non-woven fabric as a base material for the production of synthetic leather suitable for furniture and automotive interior materials and various miscellaneous applications, and by coating the surface of the skin layer using additional silicone, it is excellent in adhesive strength, pollution resistance, It is to provide synthetic leather which is excellent in various physical properties such as flame retardancy, light resistance, hydrolysis resistance and heat resistance, and can satisfy the required physical properties for furniture and automobile interior materials and various sundries.
- the method for producing synthetic leather using different liquid silicone rubber (LSR) coating solution according to the present invention for achieving the above object Shore Hardness (Shore Hardness: shore A) is 50 or more, the elongation is less than 300%
- a first coating liquid containing liquid silicone rubber (LSR), the first step of coating the release paper A second coating liquid comprising a second liquid silicone rubber (LSR) having a Shore hardness of less than 50 and an elongation of 300% or more, comprising: secondly coating a release paper coated with the first coating liquid; Combining and releasing the release paper coated with the second coating solution with a fabric; And peeling off the release paper from the fabric in which the release paper is incorporated.
- the step of peeling the release paper Thereafter, the surface treatment of the release paper is peeled off with a silicone surface coating agent; it is possible to further include.
- the fabric is woven by a yarn made of one or more fibers selected from the group consisting of aramid fibers, polyacrylonitrile oxides (Oxidized Pan Fibers (OPF), and shrink fibers).
- Synthetic leather is preferably for the interior of aircraft or ships.
- the fabric is woven from polyester fibers
- the synthetic leather is more preferably for automotive interiors, furniture or sundries.
- the fabric is woven by a island-in-the-sea fiber nonwoven fabric made of polyester and nylon, and the synthetic leather can be used for automobile interior, furniture or sundries.
- the fabric woven by the island-in-the-sea fiber nonwoven fabric may have a number of the number of nits of the island component of 150 to 250 / mm 2 , and a cross-sectional area of 200 to 400 ⁇ m 2 .
- a synthetic leather characterized by having a structure laminated on the fabric by a second coating layer containing less than, the second liquid silicone rubber (LSR) of 300% or more elongation is also possible to have a synthetic leather characterized by having a structure laminated on the fabric by a second coating layer containing less than, the second liquid silicone rubber (LSR) of 300% or more elongation.
- the present invention can be used to produce a synthetic leather having a physical property that is optimally suited to the purpose using a different fabric according to the application.
- a synthetic leather having a physical property that is optimally suited to the purpose using a different fabric according to the application.
- synthetic leather by coating different liquid silicone rubbers on fabrics made of high heat resistant fibers, such as aramid and OPF, as yarns, excellent flame retardancy, smoke density, heat dissipation, etc., satisfying specifications for aircraft or ship interior materials
- Synthetic leather can be manufactured and by coating different liquid silicone rubber on ultra-fine non-woven fabric as a base material, it is excellent in flame retardancy, heat resistance, antifouling property, solvent resistance, hydrolysis resistance, etc., and is suitable for automobiles, interior decoration materials and miscellaneous goods. There is an effect to produce a suitable synthetic leather.
- first and second may be used to describe various components, but the components should not be limited by the terms. The terms are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another.
- the present invention is basically a method for producing synthetic leather, using a liquid silicone rubber (LSR) coating liquid.
- LSR liquid silicone rubber
- the present invention is to form a coating layer by using two or more different types of liquid silicone rubber (LSR) coating liquids, first and second times. It is a manufacturing method of synthetic leather.
- the first coating liquid containing the first liquid silicone rubber (LSR), the first coating the release paper, and then the second coating liquid containing the second liquid silicone rubber, the release paper coated with the first coating liquid It is a method of manufacturing a synthetic leather by coating, the release paper coated with the second coating solution is combined with the fabric, dried, and then peeled off the release paper from the fabric containing the release paper.
- a release paper coating process of preparing a first coating liquid containing various additives for reinforcing flame retardancy in an additional first liquid silicone rubber and coating the same on a release paper for curing and drying, and an additional second liquid silicone for adhesive use thereon Binder coating process for coating rubber secondary, fabric mixing process for laminating and curing the first and second liquid silicone rubber-coated release papers and various fabrics, and releasing release paper from the fabric with the release paper Go through the process. After the release process, it is also possible to further include a step of surface treatment of the surface on which the release paper is peeled off with a silicon surface coating agent.
- the present invention uses a Shore Hardness (Shore Hardness: shore A) of 50 or more as the first liquid silicone rubber, and an elongation of less than 300%.
- Shore Hardness of the second liquid silicone rubber is less than 50. It is characterized by using an elongation of 300% or more.
- the present invention basically uses a liquid silicone rubber in which a vinyl functional group and a methyl hydrogen group are cured by an addition curing reaction in the presence of a platinum catalyst, and furthermore, the heat resistance and flame retardance of such liquid silicone rubber.
- a platinum catalyst e.g. aluminum hydrate, titanium dioxide, silica, and the like to further prepare the coating solution.
- the liquid silicone rubber used in the present invention may be composed of A part and B part as shown in Table 1 below, and these two parts may be mixed and used in a similar ratio, and further, A and B parts may be mixed in different ratios. In addition, it may be used to adjust the content of the curing agent and the like. Even if the mixing ratio is adjusted, the basic addition reaction form is the same, and in order to improve processability, a diluent according to the characteristics of the final finished product may be used in an amount of 10 to 300 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the liquid silicone rubber, preferably according to the present invention.
- the main components and the content ratio of the coating liquid may be in the range described in Table 1 below.
- the present invention aims to manufacture a product in which synthetic leather is used for aircraft interior materials, interior materials for automobiles, interior materials for automobiles, bags, and sundries, it is important to select silicone rubber having properties bonded thereto.
- Silicone rubber used as a coating layer of synthetic leather can be applied differently depending on the fabric substrate to be applied or in consideration of the mechanical and emotional properties of the final finished product, the inventors of the present invention first to form a coating layer on a release paper
- the liquid silicone rubber uses a high hardness and a low elongation
- the second liquid silicone rubber forming a secondary coating layer on the primary coating layer exhibits excellent physical properties as synthetic leather when the low hardness and high elongation are used. After confirmation, the present invention was completed.
- the silicone rubber of S1-1 type having excellent hardness and tear strength, S1-2 type and S1-3 type superior in elongation characteristics are used. It is preferable to use individually or in mixture of 2 or more types, and it is preferable to use S2-1 type and S2-2 type silicone rubber which have high elongation characteristics as single type or in mixture of 2 or more types as a secondary coating liquid.
- the present invention uses the first liquid silicone rubber having a Shore hardness of 50 or more, the elongation is less than 300%, the second liquid silicone rubber using a Shore hardness of less than 50, elongation of 300% or more It is characteristic.
- the first liquid silicone rubber has a Shore hardness of 60 or more and an elongation of less than 200%
- the second liquid silicone rubber has a Shore hardness of less than 40 and an elongation of 400% or more. More preferably, the first liquid silicone rubber has a Shore hardness of 65 or more and an elongation of less than 150%.
- the second liquid silicone rubber has a Shore hardness of less than 35 and an elongation of 500% or more. .
- aramid fiber Aralmid fiber
- OPF polyacrylonitrile oxide
- shrinkage fiber Shrinkage Fiber
- These yarns are made of a yarn having a thickness of about 150 to 300 denier through conventional spinning processing, and the yarns are inclined (two-ply), wefted (single yarn), and the density is inclined 60 to 80 and weft yarns. After weaving 70 to 90 woven fabrics (plain weaves, twill weaves) or knitted fabrics, the fabric can be produced as a coating substrate through a general refining process.
- the silicone rubber included in the primary coating solution uses a Shore hardness of 50 or more and an elongation of less than 300%.
- S1-1, S1-2, S1-3 may be used alone or in combination, and when used in combination, as shown in Table 1, each A and B parts may be mixed in a predetermined ratio to form a primary coating solution. It is preferable to prepare.
- the viscosity of the coating may be adjusted to 5,000 to 150,000 cps / 25 ° C by adding a diluent in consideration of coating processing characteristics (processing temperature and processing speed, etc.).
- the primary coating solution thus prepared may be cured and dried in a hot air oven at 80 to 170 ° C. after the primary coating is applied on a release paper with an appropriate coating amount (50 to 200 g / m 2 ).
- the hardening drying method is capable of curing drying in a short time as the temperature is high, and preferably 130 to 150 ° C. does not affect the release paper, and a processing speed of 8 to 10 m / min ensures workability. It is most suitable for curing drying the primary coating solution.
- Binder Coating Process Coating Process of Secondary Coating Liquid
- the secondary coating solution (Binder) is applied on the first cured coating solution at an appropriate coating amount (100 to 300 g / m 2 ), and the secondary coating solution used here is relative to the primary coating solution. It is characterized by the use of LSR (S2-1, S2-2), which is low in hardness and soft and has good elongation. This is because, when the LSR with a large amount of coating and good elongation is applied, an excellent synthetic leather can be obtained.
- the secondary coating solution is preferably formed in a form or method that can increase the adhesion between the base material and the primary coating solution in the subsequent mixing process, for this purpose, it is preferable that the secondary coating solution contains a diluent or applied oil to a minimum. .
- the primary and secondary coatings described above may proceed in a continuous process.
- the semi-dry is mainly used. The method is used because part of the organic solvent contained in the Binder coating solution (about 50%) is volatilized, and then the base material and the cloth can proceed.
- the fabric base material is combined in the WET state, and the secondary coating solution is cured and dried in a hot air oven at 80 to 170 ° C. In this case it is possible to blend the fabric without using a diluent or by using only a very small amount within 5%.
- the release paper can be peeled off from the primary coating liquid layer to obtain a synthetic leather coated with LSR on the surface.
- a method of manufacturing a fiber nonwoven fabric composed of polyester and nylon as a fabric impregnating it with a polyurethane resin mixture, and then removing polyester as a sea component in the fiber by a weight loss processing method using caustic soda.
- An island-in-the-sea fiber nonwoven fabric was prepared.
- a synthetic leather was prepared.
- the number of nits and cross-sectional area of the cross section of the nonwoven fabric were prepared as high as possible in order to have excellent adhesion with LSR.
- the weight is 150 to 300 g / m 2 and the density (density measuring method: nonwoven weight / nonwoven fabric thickness) is 0.2 to 0.3
- the nonwoven fabric was manufactured using the needle punched nonwoven fabric to be g / mm 2. Then, in order to increase the density of the yarn in the nonwoven fabric was pressed using a thermocompression roll at a temperature within the range of 50 ⁇ 150 °C, so that the thickness of the nonwoven fabric thus prepared was 0.6 ⁇ 1.0mm.
- nonwoven fabric in order to control the elongation of the finished product, it is possible to control the elongation of the nonwoven fabric by inserting a scrim fabric having a weight of 180 to 230 g / m 2 into the middle of the web when manufacturing the nonwoven fabric and then using needle punching.
- nonwoven fabric in consideration of the cost of the product, nonwoven fabric may be manufactured by mixing rayon fibers or the like in an amount of 0 to 30%.
- the nonwoven fabric prepared as described above was impregnated using a polyurethane resin.
- a polyurethane resin used here, it is preferable to use a polyurethane resin to which an ether type polyol which can withstand weight loss processing is applied. That is, in the present invention, in order to use the nonwoven fabric as a substrate for LSR coating, it is preferable to maximize the yarn cross-sectional area of the substrate.
- the ether type polyurethane resin used is preferably a resin having a solid content of 30% and a viscosity of 100,000 to 150,000 cps / 25 ° C diluted with dimethylformamide as a solvent, and the dilution ratio of the polyurethane resin.
- Polyurethane-impregnated nonwoven fabric prepared as described above elutes the PET portion of the sea component of the yarn, and this sea component elution processing method was carried out by a weight loss processing method using caustic soda.
- the present invention is characterized by eluting the PET component of the sea component as much as possible, and separating the nylon yarn portion of the island component to the maximum, thereby maximizing the cross-sectional area of the yarn as the substrate.
- caustic soda was eluted with 20-25 owf of fabric weight ratio, bath ratio of 10: 1-15: 1, weight of processing temperature 90-100 ° C, and processing time of 200-300 minutes. It succeeded to make the number of hair
- the number of hairs was observed with a scanning electron microscope (100-300 times) for any cross section parallel to the thickness direction of the sample, and 30 random islands-in-sea fibers oriented perpendicular to the cross section seen.
- the number of fibers to be drawn was checked by picking out and expanding it 1000 to 3000 times, and the cross-sectional area of the yarn component was calculated by measuring the cross-sectional area of the island component and calculating the average length of the island component.
- the buffing process using a sand paper of 100 ⁇ 200 Mesh, so that the length of the coating surface is about 3 ⁇ 15 ⁇ m, using a thermal calender ring at a temperature of 50 ⁇ 150 °C Smoothness was secured and the yarn density was increased to the maximum on the fabric surface.
- a release paper coating process as in the method of manufacturing synthetic leather for aircraft or ship interior materials (coating of the primary coating solution) Step), a binder coating step (coating step of the secondary coating solution), a fabric cloth and a release paper peeling step, and optionally a surface treatment step, etc., it is possible to obtain a synthetic leather excellent in the adhesive strength coated with silicone rubber.
- the first coating layer containing the first liquid silicone rubber is laminated on the fabric by the second coating layer containing the second liquid silicone rubber
- It may be a synthetic leather characterized by having a structure. That is, the second coating layer is positioned between the fabric and the first coating layer, the second coating layer is a synthetic leather in the form of bonding the first coating layer and the fabric.
- Such synthetic leather has physical properties suitable for various interior applications depending on the type of fabric substrate to be applied as described above.
- Example 1-1 Preparation of Synthetic Leather for Aircraft or Ship Interior Fabric Using Aramid Fiber and Polyacrylonitrile Oxide Fiber (30:70) as a Fabric
- the yarn was blended at a ratio of 30 parts by weight of meta aramid to 70 parts by weight of OPF, and a yarn having a yarn thickness of 170 deniers was prepared by a general spinning yarn. Then, the fabric was woven fabric of twill weave with a warp density of 70, a weft density of 80, and a weight of about 200 g / m 2 by applying warp yarn 2 and weft yarn 1 to the yarn. Using the woven fabric in this way was refined by a method similar to the processing method of the woven fabric using a conventional yarn to prepare a fabric for the base material.
- the primary coating solution was selected as the silicone rubber for coating by diluting S1-1 and S1-2 with a weight ratio of 10: 2 in Table 3 above, and diluted with 40 parts of silicone diluent in consideration of workability.
- the primary coating solution was prepared by allowing the viscosity of the coating solution to fall within the range of about 30,000 to 50,000 cps / 25 ° C.
- the silicone rubber of S2-1 type was selected in Table 3 above, an additional diluent was applied to 10 parts or less, and the viscosity of the coating solution was applied by applying 10 parts of the silicone toner prepared using a reactive silicone oil.
- a second coating solution was prepared at a level of about 100,000 cps / 25 ° C.
- the coating process was performed by a dry coating process using a release paper as the primary and secondary coating solution prepared as described above.
- the first coating solution prepared above is first coated with a release amount of 150 g / m 2 on a release paper, cured and dried in an oven at about 130 to 160 ° C., and the secondary coating solution prepared above is dried on the cured primary coating solution.
- Second coating Thereafter, the fabric was fabricated in a wet state of the secondary coating solution and then cured and dried in an oven at about 130 to 160 ° C. After complete curing, the surface of the release paper and the primary coating solution was peeled off to prepare a synthetic leather coated with LSR on the surface. And, in order to adjust the stickiness of the surface and coated with a silicon surface treatment agent prepared in combination with the LSR and additives to about 20 g / m 2 or so was adjusted so that there is no stickiness of the surface.
- Example 1-1 Except for using a spun yarn prepared by mixing the blend ratio of the yarn applied when weaving the fabric in Example 1-1 at 50 parts by weight of OPF, 50 parts by weight of Meta Aramid, was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1 It was.
- Example 1-1 The fabric used in Example 1-1 was used, but synthetic leather was prepared using the polyurethane coating solution according to the prior art, not the first and second LSR coating solution.
- the two-component polyurethane adhesive after the first coating and the second coating using a polyurethane coating solution as a processing method commonly applied when manufacturing a dry polyurethane synthetic leather using a release paper to the fabric used in Example 1-1 It was combined with the fabric.
- Polyurethane resin used in the primary and secondary coating processing is a resin having excellent light resistance, using a polyurethane resin prepared using polycarbonate and polyols of polycarbonate, and adhesive resins using polycarbonate polyols.
- a two-component type polyurethane adhesive was applied, and the synthetic fabrics were prepared by peeling the release paper after aging the combined fabric in a aging room at 70-80 ° C. for 24 hours.
- the fabric was used in the fabric used in Example 1-2, the coating method was prepared synthetic leather using the polyurethane coating processing method used in Comparative Example 1.
- the fabric was used in the fabric used in Example 1-3, the coating method was prepared synthetic leather using the polyurethane coating processing method used in Comparative Example 1.
- the fabric was applied to the same KNIT fabric as in Comparative Example 4, the coating method was prepared synthetic leather using the polyurethane coating processing method used in Comparative Example 1.
- the synthetic leather according to Examples 1-1, 1-2, 1-3 of the present invention is excellent in vertical flame retardancy, heat emission amount, antifouling properties, smoke density, etc. suitable for use in aircraft or ship interior materials It was confirmed that it can be used.
- Comparative Examples 1 to 3 and 5 in which the surface coating layer was coated with polyurethane even if a substrate having excellent flame retardancy was used, the physical properties of the coating layer could not be satisfied if the coating layer had poor physical properties.
- the LSR coating as can be seen in Comparative Example 4, when the fabric is a general PET could not satisfy the physical properties usable for interior use of aircraft or ships.
- the synthetic leather according to Examples 1-1, 1-2, 1-3 of the present invention has a surface coating layer made of silicone material, thereby additionally obtaining effects such as pollution resistance, hydrolysis resistance, and solvent resistance.
- the Si-O bond energy is larger than other bond energy, so it has strong thermal and oxidation characteristics.
- the synthetic leather having a surface coating layer made of a silicone material as in the present invention has excellent heat resistance and chemical resistance properties, and in the case of a product manufactured by such a method, a ship interior material that requires high physical properties as well as an aircraft interior material is used. It is possible to extend the application.
- Fineness was prepared to 230g / m 2 non-woven fabric to form fibrous nonwoven fabric may be comprised of PET and nylon of 3.5 denier using a needle punching method, by inserting a PET scrim during nonwoven fabric was obtained in the form stability of the product.
- the coating surface was polished using a polishing cloth having a density of 150 mesh. Therefore, the surface smoothness of the coating surface and the raising density of the surface were made to be as high as possible. At this time, the hair length of the surface was 6-10 micrometers.
- the coating solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1.
- Synthetic leather was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2-1, except that the elongation of the nonwoven fabric was increased by excluding the scrim fabric when manufacturing the nonwoven fabric in Example 2-1.
- Synthetic leather was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2-1, except that the polyester KNIT fabric according to Comparative Example 4 was used instead of the fabric used in Example 2-1.
- the fabric was used in the fabric used in Example 2-1, the coating method was prepared synthetic leather using the polyurethane coating processing method used in Comparative Example 1.
- Example 2-2 As the applied fabric, the fabric used in Example 2-2 was used, and the coating method was manufactured using the polyurethane coating processing method used in Comparative Example 1.
- the fabric was used in the fabric used in Example 2-3, the coating method was prepared synthetic leather using the polyurethane coating processing method used in Comparative Example 1.
- the synthetic leathers according to Examples 2-1, 2-2, and 2-3 of the present invention are excellent in adhesive strength, flame retardancy, heat resistance, and light resistance, and thus are suitable for automotive interiors, furniture, or sundries. Can be confirmed.
- microfiber nonwoven fabrics of Examples 2-1 and 2-2 had a larger number of nipples, and thus had a larger cross-sectional area of adhesion with the Binder coating layer, resulting in a significantly higher adhesion compared to the KNIT fabric of Example 2-3 as the substrate.
- the adhesive strength was similar to that of synthetic leather processed with conventional polyurethane. This may be attributed to the increase in the specific surface area of the fabric that can be bonded to the silicone coating layer according to the present invention.
- Examples 2-1, 2-2, and 2-3 have excellent properties of flame retardancy, heat resistance, light resistance, antifouling properties, and the like, as compared with Comparative Examples 6 to 8, in which the surface coating layer is a silicon material and the surface coating layer is polyurethane. This may be due to the low surface tension of silicon and the chemical properties of silicon materials such as Si-O bonds. Synthetic leather manufactured as described above is expected to be commercialized for various miscellaneous goods such as furniture, automobile interior, bag, case, etc. with excellent physicochemical properties.
- microfiber type nonwoven fabric according to Examples 2-1 and 2-2 is a PET microfiber nonwoven fabric or a non-woven fabric of a rectangular yarn type having a large cross-sectional area of about 170 to 1700 ⁇ m 2 , and realizing higher adhesion by coating LSR on the surface layer. At the same time, it is expected to be applicable to a variety of products having excellent physicochemical properties.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Synthetic Leather, Interior Materials Or Flexible Sheet Materials (AREA)
Description
| 구 분 | 구 성 | wt% |
| Part A | Dimethyl siloxane, dimethylvinyl-terminated | 30~60 |
| Alumina hydrate | 30~60 | |
| Trimethylated silica | <10 | |
| Dimethylvinylated and trimethylated silica | <10 | |
| Platinum Catalyst | <1 | |
| Part B | Dimethyl siloxane, dimethylvinyl-terminated | 30~60 |
| Dimethyl, methylhydrogen siloxane | 30~60 | |
| Alumina hydrate | <10 | |
| Trimethylated silica | <10 | |
| Dimethylvinylated and trimethylated silica | <1 |
| 실리콘 종류 | 경도(Shore A) | 인장강도(Mpa) | 인열강도(kN/m) | 신율(%) |
| S1-1 | 74 | 10 | 38 | 22 |
| S1-2 | 68 | 7.1 | 13.6 | 144 |
| S1-3 | 67 | 7.84 | 6.5 | 90 |
| S2-1 | 10 | 6.5 | 12.5 | 800 |
| S2-2 | 30 | 8 | 13 | 600 |
| Fiber | wt% | Remarks |
| Meta Aramid | 0~60 | |
| Para Aramid | 0~60 | |
| OPF | 0~80 | |
| Shrinkage Fiber | <10 |
| 항 목 | 평가 방법 | 평가 결과 표시 | 비 고 |
| 수직난연 | FAR Part 25 | Pass, Fail | |
| 열방출량 | OHIO FAR 25.853(d) | Pass, Fail | |
| 방오성 | GMW-3402 | Grade | 높을수록 좋음 |
| 연기밀도 | OHIO FAR 25.853(d) | Pass, Fail |
| 구 분 | 내 용 | 합성피혁의 특성값 | |||
| 수직 난연 | 열방출량 | 방오성 | 연기밀도 | ||
| 실시예 1-1 | OPF(7) + m-Aramid(3) + LSR 코팅 | Pass | Pass | 8∼10 | Pass |
| 실시예 1-2 | OPF(5) + m-Aramid(5) + LSR 코팅 | Pass | Pass | 8∼10 | Pass |
| 실시예 1-3 | OPF(5) + m-Aramid(4) + 수축사(1) + LSR 코팅 | Pass | Pass | 8∼10 | Pass |
| 비교예 1 | OPF(7) + m-Aramid(3) + PU 코팅 | Fail | Fail | 2∼6 | Fail |
| 비교예 2 | OPF(5) + m-Aramid(5) + PU 코팅 | Fail | Fail | 2∼6 | Fail |
| 비교예 3 | OPF(5) + m-Aramid(4) + 수축사(1) + PU 코팅 | Fail | Fail | 2∼6 | Fail |
| 비교예 4 | 일반 PET + LSR 코팅 | Fail | Fail | 8∼10 | Fail |
| 비교예 5 | 일반 PET + PU 코팅 | Fail | Fail | 2∼6 | Fail |
| 항 목 | 평가 방법 | 평가 결과 표시 | 비고 |
| 접착력(kgf/cm) | NIKE G-44 | Value | - |
| 난연성 | FMVSS | Pass, Fail | - |
| 내열성 | MS 256 | Scale | 높을수록 좋음 |
| 내광성 | AATCC 16 200hrs | Grade | 높을수록 좋음 |
| 구 분 | 내 용 | 합성피혁의 특성값 | |||
| 접착력 | 난연성 | 내열성 | 내광성 | ||
| 실시예 2-1 | 극세사 + 스크림 + LSR 코팅 | 2.0∼3.5 | Pass | 4∼5 | 4∼5 |
| 실시예 2-2 | 극세사 + Non-스크림 + LSR 코팅 | 2.0∼3.5 | Pass | 4∼5 | 4∼5 |
| 실시예 2-3 | KNIT + LSR 코팅 | 0.4∼1.3 | Pass | 4∼5 | 4∼5 |
| 비교예 6 | 극세사 + 스크림 + PU 코팅 | 2.0∼3.5 | Fail | 2∼3 | 2∼3 |
| 비교예 7 | 극세사 + 스크림 + PU 코팅 | 2.0∼3.5 | Fail | 2∼3 | 2∼3 |
| 비교예 8 | KNIT + PU 코팅 | 1.5∼2.2 | Fail | 2∼3 | 2∼3 |
Claims (7)
- 쇼어경도(Shore Hardness : shore A)가 50 이상이고, 신율이 300% 미만인 제1액상실리콘고무(LSR)를 포함하는 제1코팅액으로, 이형지를 1차 코팅하는 단계;쇼어경도가 50 미만이고, 신율이 300% 이상인 제2액상실리콘고무(LSR)를 포함하는 제2코팅액으로, 상기 제1코팅액이 코팅된 이형지를 2차 코팅하는 단계;상기 제2코팅액이 코팅된 이형지를 원단과 합포하고, 건조시키는 단계; 및상기 이형지가 합포된 원단으로부터 이형지를 박리하는 단계;를 포함하는 서로 다른 액상 실리콘 고무(LSR) 코팅액을 이용한 합성피혁의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 이형지를 박리하는 단계; 이후에,실리콘 표면 코팅제로 상기 이형지가 박리된 표면을 표면처리하는 단계;를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 서로 다른 액상 실리콘 고무 코팅액을 이용한 합성피혁의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 원단은 아라미드 섬유(Aramid fiber), 산화 폴리아크릴로니트릴 섬유(Oxidized Pan Fiber : OPF) 및 수축 섬유(Shrinkage Fiber)로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 하나 이상의 섬유로 이루어진 방적사에 의해 제직된 것이고,상기 합성피혁은 항공기 또는 선박의 내장제용인 것을 특징으로 하는 서로 다른 액상 실리콘 고무 코팅액을 이용한 항공기 또는 선박 내장제용 합성피혁의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 원단은 폴리에스테르 섬유에 의해 제직된 것이고,상기 합성피혁은 자동차 내장제, 가구 또는 잡화용인 것을 특징으로 하는 서로 다른 액상 실리콘 고무 코팅액을 이용한 자동차 내장제, 가구 또는 잡화용 합성피혁의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 원단은 폴리에스테르와 나일론으로 이루어진 해도형 섬유 부직포에 의해 제직된 것이고,상기 합성피혁은 자동차 내장제, 가구 또는 잡화용인 것을 특징으로 하는 서로 다른 액상 실리콘 고무 코팅액을 이용한 자동차 내장제, 가구 또는 잡화용 합성피혁의 제조방법.
- 제5항에 있어서, 상기 해도형 섬유 부직포에 의해 제직된 원단은,도성분의 입모 개수가 150∼250개/㎟ 이고, 단면적은 200∼400㎛2 인 것을 특징으로 하는 서로 다른 액상 실리콘 고무 코팅액을 이용한 자동차 내장제, 가구 또는 잡화용 합성피혁의 제조방법.
- 제1항 내지 제6항 중 어느 한 항의 제조방법에 의해 제조되어,쇼어경도가 50 이상이고, 신율이 300% 미만인 제1액상실리콘고무(LSR)를 포함하는 제1코팅층이, 쇼어경도가 50 미만이고, 신율이 300% 이상인 제2액상실리콘고무(LSR)를 포함하는 제2코팅층에 의해 원단 위에 적층된 구조를 가지는 것을 특징으로 하는 합성피혁.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014525918A JP5676055B2 (ja) | 2012-07-19 | 2012-07-30 | 互いに異なる液状シリコンゴムコーティング液を利用した合成皮革の製造方法 |
| US14/124,521 US9925752B2 (en) | 2012-07-19 | 2012-07-30 | Method for manufacturing synthetic leather using different liquid silicone rubber coating solutions |
| CN201280003730.6A CN103687989B (zh) | 2012-07-19 | 2012-07-30 | 利用相互不同的液态硅橡胶涂布液的合成皮革的制造方法 |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020120078587A KR101381914B1 (ko) | 2012-07-19 | 2012-07-19 | 서로 다른 액상 실리콘 고무 코팅액을 이용한 합성피혁의 제조방법 |
| KR10-2012-0078587 | 2012-07-19 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| WO2014014152A1 true WO2014014152A1 (ko) | 2014-01-23 |
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| PCT/KR2012/006049 Ceased WO2014014152A1 (ko) | 2012-07-19 | 2012-07-30 | 서로 다른 액상 실리콘 고무 코팅액을 이용한 합성피혁의 제조방법 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9925752B2 (ko) |
| JP (1) | JP5676055B2 (ko) |
| KR (1) | KR101381914B1 (ko) |
| CN (1) | CN103687989B (ko) |
| WO (1) | WO2014014152A1 (ko) |
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| EP3231606A4 (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2018-08-01 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Method for producing fabric substrate molded product coated with silicone rubber, and artificial leather-like sheet molded product |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103687989A (zh) | 2014-03-26 |
| JP5676055B2 (ja) | 2015-02-25 |
| CN103687989B (zh) | 2015-08-19 |
| JP2014521847A (ja) | 2014-08-28 |
| US9925752B2 (en) | 2018-03-27 |
| KR20140011742A (ko) | 2014-01-29 |
| US20150165745A1 (en) | 2015-06-18 |
| KR101381914B1 (ko) | 2014-04-07 |
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