Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
  • C09K5/20—Antifreeze additives therefor, e.g. for radiator liquids
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
  • F24D15/00—Other domestic- or space-heating systems
  • F24D15/04—Other domestic- or space-heating systems using heat pumps
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
  • F25B30/06—Heat pumps characterised by the source of low potential heat

Definitions

• the invention relates to the field of power engineering and can be used in heating systems of premises, and relates to an autonomous system of hot water supply (DHW) and heating of any premises, buildings and structures for any purpose.
• DHW hot water supply
• Heat pumps According to rough estimates, about 4 million heat pumps are installed worldwide. Heat pumps are widely distributed in the USA, Japan and the countries of the European Union. In these countries, even building codes have been established that provide for the mandatory use of heat pumps in the construction of new facilities. In some countries, such as Sweden, it is heat pumps that provide 70% of all heating.
• Heat pumps have a number of advantages, primarily cost-effectiveness, a wide range of applications, versatility, environmental friendliness and safety.
• a heat pump uses electric energy much more efficiently than any boilers that burn fuel.
• the efficiency factor of heat pumps is much more than one.
• heat pumps are compared according to a conditional value - the coefficient of heat conversion (CPT), it shows the ratio of the received heat to the energy expended.
• CPT the coefficient of heat conversion
• KPT 4.5 means that the rated (consumed) power of the heat pump is 1 kW, and at the output you can get 4.5 kW of thermal power, that is, 3.5 kW of heat is obtained from the environment.
• Heat pumps can work both for heating and cooling.
• a heat pump can draw heat from the air in a home, cooling it. In summer, excess heat can be used to heat domestic water or for the pool.
• Heat pumps are explosion- and fireproof, since the details of the heat pump do not heat up to high temperatures that could cause a fire. And its stop will not lead to breakage, it can be safely used after a long downtime. Also, with proper installation and operation, freezing of liquids in the compressor or other components is excluded.
• heat pumps are divided into:
• the heat collector is placed in rings or waves in horizontal trenches below the depth of freezing of the soil (usually from 1, 20 m or more). This method is considered the most cost-effective for residential facilities in the absence of a shortage of land for the contour.
• the heat collector is placed vertically in wells up to 200 m deep. This method is used in cases where the land area does not allow you to place the contour horizontally or there is a threat of landscape damage.
• Water the heat collector is placed in waves or rings in a body of water (lake, pond, river) below the freezing depth. This is the cheapest option, but there may be requirements for a minimum depth and volume of water in a pond for a particular region.
• Air (the source of heat is air).
• Polyethylene pipes or kapron fiber capillary tubes are buried in the ground below the depth of freezing of the soil or drilled pits (up to 80 m deep), where polyethylene pipes are also inserted.
• the pipes are filled with non-freezing liquid and connected to a heat pump.
• non-freezing fluid is pumped at a speed of about 90-100 l / min.
• the fluid moving through the pipes, gains heat up to 4 ° C in the summer and up to 1-1, 5 ° C in the winter. Heated fluid through a heat pump that removes heat from the fluid to - 0.5 ° C.
• the cooled liquid again enters the polyethylene pipes, gives off the cold and again heats up from the ground.
• a well-known heat supply system containing heat sources and a heat consumer with inlet and outlet pipes, a piping system filled with a liquid heat carrier, which connects the heat source to the heat consumer.
• the system contains at least two tees, outlet pipes of heat sources, connected through the first tee to the inlet pipe of the heat consumer, the outlet pipe of the heat consumer through the second tee, connected to the inlet pipes of the heat sources, and between the second tee and the inlet pipes of the heat sources, radiators and circulation pumps.
• a unit for autonomous heating and hot water supply of premises, buildings and structures for various purposes based on technologies using heat pumps which includes a heat pump, a soil heat exchanger, a fan-coil based air heating / air conditioning system, a plate heat exchanger installed between the heat pump and fancoil-based air heating / conditioning systems, which additionally includes a heating system such as a water "warm floor", a compensation tank with an expansion tank, a hot water supply system, a heat exchanger (soil collector) made in the form of a horizontal coil (multi-loop U-shaped design) from pipes to extract / restore natural low-potential surface heat soil layers, a reserve pipeline- heat exchanger, hydraulic unit, tee, control and measuring complex.
• a system consisting of a heat pump and a heat exchanger is known from DE102009024314; moreover, the output of the heat pump is partially closed to the input of the heat exchanger, which makes it possible to utilize additional heat.
• Such sources can be man-made sources, for example, water, the heating of which occurs as a result of the technological needs of a particular producer and which is actually a waste of such production or waste water from consumers of centralized hot water supply.
• the disadvantage of such water sources is significant non-universality and the actual impossibility of designing autonomous heating systems based on such sources in most cases due to their absence.
• such sources can be natural sources, for example, open water bodies (rivers, lakes, the sea, etc.) or water from wells.
• a closed-type heat collector is used, that is, the heat carrier circulates through the pipes that are laid in the body of water and collects heat without direct contact with water through heat exchange through pipes.
• This method requires a relatively expensive laying of the collector in the pond and efforts to maintain its functioning and prevent leakage of coolant into the water, but it eliminates the need for water filtration, which is typical for open-type water heat collectors.
• the problem of biofouling remains relevant.
• a hot water supply installation for the needs of a laundry and laundry facilities, in particular coal mines is known through the use of mine water heat or other sources of low potential heat, which contains a low potential heat source, a hot water supply circuit with a hot water consumer system, a heat pump with an evaporator and a condenser, an intermediate circuit for water circulation through the evaporator with a block of mine water heat exchangers with shutoff valves, an intermediate circuit for water circulation h
• a condenser with a block of heat exchangers for final heating of pure water with shutoff valves a hot water preparation circuit with a heat exchanger for preheating of pure cold water with waste hot water, equipped with a system of heat-insulated hot water storage tanks with shutoff valves, each of which is connected to a clean heat exchanger water, heat exchanger for final heating of pure water, as well as to the hot water supply circuit to consumers with the possibility of filling and emptying during a specified period of the operating cycle, and has
• a heat supply method is known from patent UA91568, which includes the process of heating the main heat carrier with a heat source, transporting the heated main heat carrier of the supply line from the heat source to heat consumers, removing heat from the main heat carrier to heat consumers, transporting the cooled main return medium to the heat source, while removing heat from the main heat carrier to the heat consumers, carry out an intermediate heat carrier, first supplying heat to it from the main coolant, and then by increasing the temperature of the intermediate coolant in the heat pump cycle and the removal of heat from the intermediate coolant to heat consumers.
• a system consisting of a heat pump and a refrigerant-water heat exchanger is known from KR20040080947, which improves the heating efficiency by supplying hot refrigerant to the heat exchanger and the use of hot water in the refrigerant-water heat exchanger.
• a system comprising a circulation stream of ethylene glycol, which is connected to a heat and cold source using three-position valves, on the one hand, and a heat exchanger, which heats or cools the water, on the other hand.
• an autonomous heating system for individual buildings comprising a pool located in the basement of the house, in which there is a water-ice-water system and a heat pump located with the possibility of cooling the air in the air layer located above the upper water layer and heating the air in a heated room.
• the system includes a water pump that can pump water from the lower layer to the upper layer, and a fan that can pump air through the exhaust pipe from the specified air layer to the outside. The system provides the house with thermal energy through the operation of the heat pump due to the heat generated during the water-ice phase transition.
• the aim of the invention is the creation of an autonomous system of hot water supply (DHW) and heating of any premises, buildings and structures, which provides high efficiency with ease of installation, maintenance and use.
• DHW hot water supply
• Autonomy in the context of this invention means independence from any sources of centralized supply (water, heat, etc.), except, possibly, an electric current source.
• DHW and heating systems based on heat pumps using water as a source of low potential heat have significant advantages.
• the same ones that use open-type heat sources also have high performance characteristics in terms of autonomy, efficiency, economy, environmental safety and ease of operation.
• heat pumps the most common are steam compression type heat pumps.
• Such pumps contain refrigerant and operate using the mechanical energy of the compressor (which, in turn, typically runs on electricity).
• the refrigerant in the evaporator takes the heat from the coolant during evaporation, and gives it to the condenser, turning into a liquid state. The process is repeated continuously while there is a need for heat transfer.
• the refrigerants used in steam compression heat pumps are usually characterized by a wide range of operating temperatures at which they operate, in particular, the boiling point of the refrigerant can be below 0 ° C. Therefore, with such a heat pump operating on water as a source of low potential heat, an intermediate heat transfer agent-antifreeze is often used, which is a low-freezing liquid and has a sufficiently low freezing temperature, and thus can transfer heat even at a negative temperature Celsius. On the other hand, such an intermediate carrier collects heat in the heat exchanger from water coming from an open source.
• the objective of the invention was to create an autonomous system of hot water supply (DHW) and heating, which operates from a water source of low potential heat of the open type, based on a vapor compression heat pump and heat exchanger, experiencing problems of freezing water in the heat exchanger as a result of heat contact with antifreeze.
• DHW hot water supply
• the objective of the invention is achieved by using a vapor compression heat pump connected to an open source low potential heat water source through a plate heat exchanger, the antifreeze being an intermediate heat carrier between the heat exchanger and the heat pump, and the system further includes an antifreeze accumulator connected between the heat pump and the heat exchanger in the direction of antifreeze movement from a heat pump to a heat exchanger and which is a container containing antifreeze.
• Antifreeze is usually a solution of at least one alcohol in water having a freezing point below 0 ° C.
• such alcohol or alcohols are polyhydric alcohols.
• such alcohol is ethylene glycol or propylene glycol.
• the antifreeze is a solution of ethylene glycol or propylene glycol in water.
• an intermediate heat carrier allows you to transfer more heat, therefore, the overall efficiency of the system increases and allows you to reduce the amount of water - a low-grade heat source, which in turn reduces the requirements for a source of such water and leads to energy savings that are needed to form a coolant circulation loop (for pumps )
• the use of an intermediate antifreeze accumulator helps to achieve uninterrupted operation of the system by setting the optimum temperature of the intermediate heat transfer medium at which there is no freezing of the water of the low-potential heat source of the open type in the plate heat exchanger, on the one hand, and overload of the intermediate heat transfer pump due to the need to ensure its excessive speed circulation.
• the new solution is effective when using systems based on heat pumps for domestic hot water and heating or cooling residential, industrial, social or other purposes, etc. premises, buildings and structures, regardless of their volume or area.
• FIG. 1 Schematically, the system of this invention is depicted in FIG. 1 (the diagram shows only the main blocks of the claimed system, and does not depict auxiliary devices commonly used for creation of hydraulic and thermal systems).
• the system operates as follows.
• Water is supplied to the plate heat exchanger 1 by a system of tubes - a source of low potential heat.
• heat is removed from the water and transferred to the antifreeze, which is supplied to the heat pump 2 and is a heat source for it.
• Chilled water exits heat exchanger 1 and is disposed of in any suitable way.
• the heat pump 2 heats the water supplied for consumption - hot water supply and heating, and the cooled antifreeze recirculates to the heat exchanger 1 through the antifreeze accumulator 3, which does not allow the excessively cooled heat carrier to enter the heat exchanger 1 immediately.
• the object of this invention is a hot water supply system containing a plate heat exchanger connected to a water source of low potential heat, a heat pump and an antifreeze accumulator, wherein antifreeze is an intermediate heat carrier that circulates between the heat exchanger and the heat pump, and the antifreeze accumulator is a container containing antifreeze connected between the heat pump and the heat exchanger in the direction of movement of the antifreeze from the heat pump to the heat exchanger.
• the antifreeze is a solution of at least one alcohol in water having a freezing point below 0 ° C.
• the system also contains equipment elements and auxiliary devices - for example, pipes, fittings, bends, valves, valves, filters, pumps, sensors and control devices for the parameters of the system or its elements (in particular, temperature and pressure), devices for accounting system resources (water, antifreeze, heat, electricity, etc.), automation units (in particular, thermostatic regulators) and control and others.
• equipment elements and auxiliary devices for example, pipes, fittings, bends, valves, valves, filters, pumps, sensors and control devices for the parameters of the system or its elements (in particular, temperature and pressure), devices for accounting system resources (water, antifreeze, heat, electricity, etc.), automation units (in particular, thermostatic regulators) and control and others.
• the hot water supply and heating system is relatively simple and cheap to manufacture, install, maintain and use.
• Such a system was created for heating a residential building with a total area of 1020 m 3 .
• a flow of water is supplied to the Alfa Laval plate heat exchanger using a pump.
• water transfers heat to the ethylene glycol solution, which enters the T-60 vapor compression heat pump manufactured by Lampoassa.
• the heat pump heats the water that is transferred to the boiler, and the cooled ethylene glycol solution again returns to the plate heat exchanger through the ethylene glycol solution accumulator. From the boiler, water is used for heating and hot water supply at home.
• Characteristics of the equipment used (the list does not include auxiliary devices and materials, such as pipes, valves, metering devices, control / control units, etc.):
• Source of low potential heat water from the well
• Inlet water temperature 10-11 ° C;
• Heat exchanger brazed plate counterflow heat exchanger CB300-64L manufactured by Alfa Laval (Sweden);
• Heat pump T-60 manufactured by Lampoassa (Finland);
• Compressor Maneurop MTZ
• BATTERY 1000 l; Boiler: 2000 l, hot water output 45-60 l / min.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=49949125

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (1)

Cited By (1)

Citations (4)

• 2013
  • 2013-07-10 WO PCT/UA2013/000073 patent/WO2014014432A1/fr not_active Ceased

Patent Citations (4)

Similar Documents

Legal Events