WO2014051046A1 - 光造形用重合性組成物 - Google Patents
光造形用重合性組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014051046A1 WO2014051046A1 PCT/JP2013/076250 JP2013076250W WO2014051046A1 WO 2014051046 A1 WO2014051046 A1 WO 2014051046A1 JP 2013076250 W JP2013076250 W JP 2013076250W WO 2014051046 A1 WO2014051046 A1 WO 2014051046A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F222/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule; Salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof
- C08F222/10—Esters
- C08F222/1006—Esters of polyhydric alcohols or polyhydric phenols
- C08F222/102—Esters of polyhydric alcohols or polyhydric phenols of dialcohols, e.g. ethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate or 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F122/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule; Salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof
- C08F122/10—Esters
- C08F122/1006—Esters of polyhydric alcohols or polyhydric phenols, e.g. ethylene glycol dimethacrylate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/46—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation
- C08F2/48—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultraviolet or visible light
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/46—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation
- C08F2/48—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultraviolet or visible light
- C08F2/50—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultraviolet or visible light with sensitising agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/20—Esters of polyhydric alcohols or phenols, e.g. 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate or glycerol mono-(meth)acrylate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/36—Sulfur-, selenium-, or tellurium-containing compounds
- C08K5/41—Compounds containing sulfur bound to oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/36—Sulfur-, selenium-, or tellurium-containing compounds
- C08K5/41—Compounds containing sulfur bound to oxygen
- C08K5/42—Sulfonic acids; Derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C08L33/14—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing halogen, nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen atoms in addition to the carboxy oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
- C08L2205/025—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a radical polymerization resin composition for modeling suitable for use in manufacturing a three-dimensional model by an optical three-dimensional modeling method, and a three-dimensional model manufactured using the resin composition.
- a specific radical polymerizable compound can improve the moisture resistance and productivity of the molded product (Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 1 since such a specific radical polymerizable compound has extremely low water solubility, it is necessary to use an organic solvent such as acetone or isopropyl alcohol for cleaning the modeling apparatus.
- Patent Document 2 discloses that a water-soluble polymer having at least one radically polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated bond in the molecule is included in the radical polymerizable resin composition in order to reduce low viscosity, fast curability, and cure shrinkage.
- a technique is described in which an ethylenically unsaturated compound is blended and water having a saturated water content or less is added.
- the object of the present invention is to allow the modeling apparatus to be easily washed with water in the optical three-dimensional modeling by the layered modeling method, and to remove the modeled object from the support easily, 400 nm or more.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a highly versatile polymerizable composition that can be easily cured by irradiation with light.
- the present inventors have proposed that a photopolymerizable composition containing a specific water-soluble radically polymerizable compound (A), a photopolymerization initiator (B), and an ionic surfactant (C) is optically produced by an additive manufacturing method.
- the modeling apparatus can be easily washed with water, the modeled object can be easily detached from the support, and can be easily cured by irradiation with light of 400 nm or more.
- the present invention was found useful as a composition, and the present invention was completed based on this finding. That is, the present invention includes the following items.
- a photopolymerizable composition for stereolithography containing (C)
- R 1 is an a-valent organic group, and a is an integer of 2 or more.
- R 2 is hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- R 1 of the radical polymerizable compound (A) is a compound having a structure represented by the formula (2).
- R 3 is alkylene having 2 to 5 carbon atoms
- b is an integer of 1 or more.
- the ionic surfactant (C) is any one of [1] to [4], which is one or more selected from the group consisting of alkylbenzene sulfonates and polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfates. Photopolymerizable composition.
- the photopolymerizable composition of the present invention can be easily washed away with water, and the shaped product obtained from the composition has high water resistance, so that the shaped product and the shaping apparatus can be easily washed with water. Moreover, the modeling thing obtained from this composition can be easily removed from a support body. Further, the composition can be easily cured by irradiation with light having a wavelength of 400 nm or more. From the above, the composition can produce a molded article by a versatile additive manufacturing method that can be easily used even in general households.
- the photopolymerizable composition of the present invention is a photopolymerizable composition containing a water-soluble radically polymerizable compound (A), a photopolymerization initiator (B), and an ionic surfactant (C).
- the photopolymerizable composition of the present invention may be colorless or colored.
- (meth) acrylate is used to indicate both or one of acrylate and methacrylate.
- the “(meth) acryloyl group” is used to indicate both or one of an acryloyl group and a methacryloyl group.
- Water-soluble radically polymerizable compound (A) is represented by the formula (1).
- R 1 is an a-valent organic group, and a is an integer of 2 or more.
- R 2 is hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 6 carbons.
- R 1 is a compound having a structure represented by the following formula (2).
- R 3 is alkylene having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and b is an integer of 1 or more.
- water-soluble means that the maximum weight that can be uniformly mixed with 100 g of water at 25 ° C. is 0.5 g or more.
- the content of the water-soluble radically polymerizable compound (A) contained in the photopolymerizable composition of the present specification is 3 to 96% when the total weight of the composition is 100%.
- the polymerizable composition is preferable because it can be easily washed with water, more preferably 5 to 96%, and still more preferably 10 to 96%.
- water-soluble radically polymerizable compound (A) represented by the formula (1) examples include polyethylene glycol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, NK ester A-GLY-9E, and A-GLY-20E. (Trade name; Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.), Bremer DA700AU, DA800AU (trade name; NOF Corporation), and the like.
- a photoinitiator (B) will not be specifically limited if it is a compound which can generate
- compounds capable of generating radicals upon irradiation with light having a wavelength of 400 nm or longer include 2-hydroxy-1- ⁇ 4- [4- (2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propionyl) -benzyl] phenyl ⁇ -2-Methyl-1-propanone, 2- (dimethylamino) -1- (4-morpholinophenyl) -2-benzyl-1-butanone, 2- (dimethylamino) -2-[(4-methylphenyl) methyl ] -1- [4- (4-morpholinyl) phenyl] -1-butanone, bis (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) -phenylphosphine oxide, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenyl-phosphine oxide Bis ( ⁇ 5 -2,4-cyclopentadien-1-yl) -bis (2,6-difluoro-3- (1H-pyrrole-1) -Yl) -phenyl
- ⁇ -aminoalkylphenone-based and acylphosphine oxide-based photopolymerization initiators are preferable because of their good curability, and acylphosphine oxide-based photopolymerization initiators are more preferable because of their good water washability.
- the photopolymerization initiator (B) may be one type or a mixture of two or more types.
- the photocurability is excellent and the water-washing property of the uncured composition Is preferably high, more preferably 3 to 20% by weight, and still more preferably 5 to 15% by weight.
- the photopolymerizable composition of the present invention contains an ionic surfactant (C).
- An ionic surfactant (C) is a compound which can raise the releasability of the molded article obtained from the composition of this invention.
- the ionic surfactant (C) is preferably a compound that does not decrease the water washability, curability, etc. of the composition of the present invention, and is a compound that does not decrease the water resistance of the shaped article obtained from the composition. It is preferable.
- the ionic surfactant (C) is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies the above characteristics, but polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate, alkyl benzene sulfonate, alkyl diphenyl ether disulfonate, and alkenyl succinate are preferable. Among them, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate and alkyl benzene sulfonate are preferable because of excellent compatibility with other components in the composition, and alkyl benzene sulfonate is more preferable because the composition has good water washability. .
- the ionic surfactant (C) used in the photopolymerizable composition of the present invention may be one type or a mixture of two or more types.
- the content of the ionic surfactant (C) is preferably from 0.05 to 5% when the total weight of the composition is 100%, because it is excellent in releasability from the support, and more Preferably it is 0.1 to 5%, more preferably 0.5 to 5%.
- the composition of the present invention may contain a water-soluble radically polymerizable compound (D) other than (A).
- the water-soluble radically polymerizable compound (D) other than (A) is particularly limited as long as it is a water-soluble radically polymerizable compound having a structure represented by the formula (3), (4) or (5).
- R 4 is a divalent organic group
- R 5 is hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- R 6 is hydrogen or a monovalent organic group
- R 7 is a monovalent organic group
- R 8 is hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- R 9 is a divalent organic group
- R 10 is hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- water-soluble radically polymerizable compound (D) other than (A) include the following compounds.
- Specific examples of the compound represented by the formula (3) include 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, and 4-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate. 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol mono (meth) acrylate, and polyoxyethylene monoacrylate.
- Specific examples of the compound represented by the formula (4) include N-isopropylacrylamide, N, N-dimethyl (meth) acrylamide, N, N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylamide, N, N-diethyl (meth).
- Examples include acrylamide, N, N-diethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylamide, and N, N-dimethylaminopropyl (meth) acrylamide.
- Specific examples of the compound represented by the formula (5) include (meth) acryloylmorpholine.
- the water-soluble radically polymerizable compound (D) of the present invention is appropriately used in order to improve the water resistance of an optically shaped article obtained from the photopolymerizable composition.
- the photopolymerizable composition of the present invention may contain a polymerization inhibitor in order to improve storage stability without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
- Specific examples of the polymerization inhibitor include 4-methoxyphenol, hydroquinone and phenothiazine. Among these, phenothiazine is preferable because the increase in viscosity is small even during long-term storage.
- the polymerization inhibitor used in the photopolymerizable composition of the present invention may be one type or a mixture of two or more types.
- the content of the polymerization inhibitor is 0.01 to 1% by weight based on the photopolymerizable compound contained in the photopolymerizable composition, it is preferable because the increase in viscosity is small even during long-term storage. Considering the balance with curability, it is more preferably 0.01 to 0.5% by weight, and still more preferably 0.01 to 0.2% by weight.
- additives that may be included in the photopolymerizable composition of the present invention include plasticizers, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, antistatic agents, flame retardants, flame retardant aids, fillers, pigments, dyes and the like. Although it is mentioned, it is not particularly limited as long as it can be uniformly mixed with other components within a range not departing from the gist of the present invention.
- the photopolymerizable composition of this invention can be prepared by mixing each component used as a raw material by a well-known method.
- the photopolymerizable composition of the present invention is prepared by mixing the components (A) to (D) and other components as necessary, and filtering and degassing the resulting solution. Is preferred.
- the photopolymerizable composition of the present invention thus prepared is excellent in printability. For the filtration, for example, a fluororesin membrane filter is used.
- optically shaped article of the present invention can be obtained by irradiating and curing light such as ultraviolet rays and visible rays by a known optical modeling method using the above-described photopolymerizable composition of the present invention.
- the amount of light (exposure amount) when irradiating with light rays depends on the composition of the photopolymerizable composition, but is measured with an integrating light meter UIT-201 equipped with a photoreceiver UVD-405PD manufactured by USHIO INC. Thus, 10 to 1,000 mJ / cm 2 is preferable, 10 to 500 mJ / cm 2 is more preferable, and 10 to 300 mJ / cm 2 is still more preferable. Further, the wavelength of the irradiated light is preferably 400 to 550 nm, and more preferably 400 to 450 nm.
- the light source is not particularly limited as long as it is a device that mounts a high-pressure mercury lamp lamp, an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp lamp, a metal halide lamp, a halogen lamp, a xenon lamp, or the like and emits light having a wavelength of 400 nm or more.
- any of the conventionally known optical three-dimensional modeling apparatuses can be used for optical three-dimensional modeling using the photopolymerizable composition of the present invention.
- one layer of three-dimensional CAD data obtained by slicing a support that can be raised and lowered is submerged in a container filled with the photopolymerizable composition of the present invention.
- the light beam is selectively irradiated to form a hardened layer, and then the support is submerged for one layer of the next sliced three-dimensional CAD data, and the light ray is similarly applied to the hardened layer continuous with the hardened layer.
- a device that finally obtains the desired three-dimensional shaped object by repeating the stacking operation to form a new object, and on the contrary, selectively irradiates light from below and pulls up the support for each layer.
- An apparatus for obtaining a three-dimensionally shaped object can be mentioned.
- the material of the support is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include glass, fluororesin, silicone resin, and metal.
- the optical modeling thing produced using the photopolymerizable composition of this invention can be easily removed from these support bodies.
- an optically shaped article can be produced using the photopolymerizable composition of the present invention, and the uncured photopolymerizable composition can be easily washed with water.
- the photopolymerizable composition obtained in the Example or the comparative example may be simply called a composition. That is, for example, the photopolymerizable composition 1 may be referred to as the composition 1.
- Example 1 As water-soluble radically polymerizable compound (A), NK ester A-GLY-9E (trade name; Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd., hereinafter abbreviated as A-GLY-9E), photopolymerization initiator (B) 2 , 4,6-Trimethylbenzoyl-diphenyl-phosphine oxide, Lucirin TPO (trade name; BASF Japan Ltd., hereinafter abbreviated as TPO), Neo, which is sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate as ionic surfactant (C) PELEX G-15 (trade name; Kao Co., Ltd., hereinafter abbreviated as G-15) was mixed and dissolved in the following composition, filtered through a PTFE membrane filter (5 ⁇ m), and the photopolymerizable composition 1 was obtained.
- A-GLY-9E water-soluble radically polymerizable compound
- B photopolymerization initiator
- B 4,6-Trimethylbenzoyl-dip
- NK ester A-GLY-20E (trade name; Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd., hereinafter abbreviated as A-GLY-20E) was used as the water-soluble radical polymerizable compound (A), and the following composition ratios were used.
- A-GLY-20E 8.00 g
- B TPO 0.40g
- C G-15 0.084g It was 213 mPa * s as a result of measuring the viscosity of the photopolymerizable composition 2 in 25 degreeC using the E-type viscosity meter.
- Example 3 Example 1 except that 4HBA (trade name; Nippon Kasei Co., Ltd., hereinafter abbreviated as 4HBA), which is 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate, was used as the water-soluble radical polymerizable compound (D), and the composition ratio was as follows.
- a photopolymerizable composition 3 was prepared.
- D 4HBA 3.00 g
- Example 4 Example 1 except that DEAA (trade name; Kojin Co., Ltd., hereinafter abbreviated as DEAA), which is N, N-diethylacrylamide, was used as the water-soluble radical polymerizable compound (D), and the composition ratio was as follows.
- DEAA trade name; Kojin Co., Ltd., hereinafter abbreviated as DEAA
- DEAA N, N-diethylacrylamide
- the composition ratio was as follows.
- a photopolymerizable composition 4 was prepared.
- B TPO 0.40g
- C G-15 0.084g
- DEAA 2.00g As a result of measuring the viscosity of the photopolymerizable composition 4 at 25 ° C. using an E-type viscometer, it was 31 mPa ⁇ s.
- Example 5 As the water-soluble radically polymerizable compound (A), A-GLY-9E and light acrylate 4EG-A (trade name; Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd., hereinafter abbreviated as 4EG-A) were used except that the following composition ratios were used. In the same manner as in Example 1, a photopolymerizable composition 5 was prepared.
- A-GLY-9E 4.00 g A-GLY-9E 4.00 g
- B TPO 0.40g
- C G-15 0.084g
- Example 6 As the water-soluble radically polymerizable compound (A), A-GLY-9E and light acrylate 9EG-A (trade name; Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd., hereinafter abbreviated as 9EG-A) were used except for the following composition ratios.
- a photopolymerizable composition 6 was prepared.
- A-GLY-9E 4.00 g A-GLY-9E 4.00 g
- B TPO 0.40g
- C G-15 0.084g
- Example 7 As the water-soluble radically polymerizable compound (A), A-GLY-9E and light acrylate 14EG-A (trade name; Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd., hereinafter abbreviated as 14EG-A) were used except for the following composition ratios.
- 14EG-A light acrylate
- a photopolymerizable composition 7 was prepared.
- A-GLY-9E 4.00 g A) 14EG-A 4.00 g
- B TPO 0.40g
- C G-15 0.084g
- Example 8 As the water-soluble radically polymerizable compound (A), A-GLY-9E and BLEMMER DA-800AU (trade name; NOF Corporation, hereinafter abbreviated as DA-800AU) were used except that the following composition ratios were used. In the same manner as in Example 1, a photopolymerizable composition 8 was prepared. (A) A-GLY-9E 6.00 g (A) DA-800AU 2.00g (B) TPO 0.40g (C) G-15 0.084g As a result of measuring the viscosity of the photopolymerizable composition 8 at 25 ° C. using an E-type viscometer, it was 184 mPa ⁇ s.
- Example 9 Photopolymerization was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that DA-800AU was used as the water-soluble radical polymerizable compound (A), and 4HBA and the following composition ratio were used as the water-soluble radical polymerizable compound (D).
- sexual composition 9 was prepared.
- (D) 4HBA 3.00 g As a result of measuring the viscosity of the photopolymerizable composition 9 at 25 ° C. using an E-type viscometer, it was 170 mPa ⁇ s.
- Example 10 A photopolymerizable composition 10 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 9 except that DEAA and the following composition ratio were used as the water-soluble radical polymerizable compound (D).
- DEAA water-soluble radical polymerizable compound
- A DEAA 2.00g
- A DA-800AU 6.00g
- B TPO 0.40g
- C G-15 0.084g
- Photopolymerizable composition 11 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 4EG-A and DA-800AU were used as the water-soluble radically polymerizable compound (A) and the following composition ratio was used.
- (C) G-15 0.084g As a result of measuring the viscosity of the photopolymerizable composition 11 at 25 ° C. using an E-type viscometer, it was 176 mPa ⁇ s.
- Example 12 As a photopolymerization initiator (B) that generates radicals upon irradiation with light having a wavelength of 400 nm or more, 2- (dimethylamino) -2-[(4-methylphenyl) methyl] -1- [4- (4- Morpholinyl) phenyl] -1-butanone IRGACURE 379EG (trade name; BASF Japan K.K., hereinafter abbreviated as Irg 379) was used in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the composition ratio was as follows. 12 was prepared.
- Example 13 As the ionic surfactant (C), latemul E-118B (trade name; Kao Co., Ltd., hereinafter abbreviated as E-118B), which is sodium polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate, was used except that the composition ratio was as follows.
- a photopolymerizable composition 13 was prepared.
- B Irg379 0.40g
- C E-118B 0.084g
- a photopolymerizable composition 16 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the compound (A) was not used and M-305 was used instead, and the composition ratio was as follows.
- a photopolymerizable composition 17 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the compound (A) was not used and M-305 was used instead, and the composition ratio was as follows.
- a photopolymerizable composition 19 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the compound (C) was not used and the following composition ratio was used.
- (B) TPO 0.40g As a result of measuring the viscosity of the photopolymerizable composition 19 at 25 ° C. using an E-type viscometer, it was 118 mPa ⁇ s.
- the photopolymerizable composition obtained above may be hereinafter referred to as ink.
- the photocurability and water washability of the ink, and the peelability of the cured product obtained from the ink obtained above from the PTFE sheet and water resistance were evaluated. The obtained results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- a 4 cm square glass substrate was prepared, 0.05 g of ink 1 to 20 was dropped on the glass substrate using a Pasteur pipette, and the glass substrate was overlaid. Thereafter, an h-ray transmission filter was further stacked, and then the h-ray was irradiated with 500 mJ / cm 2 using a UV irradiation apparatus (TME-400PRC manufactured by Topcon Co., Ltd.). The integrated exposure was measured with an integrated light meter UIT-201 equipped with a photoreceiver UVD-405PD manufactured by USHIO INC.
- [Washability] Inks 1 to 20 were dropped on a glass substrate on which a cured film obtained in the photocurability evaluation was formed. Thereafter, the surface state of the cured film after the ink was washed away with deionized water was observed with a microscope.
- the evaluation criteria are as follows. A: The ink on the surface of the cured film can be completely washed out within 10 seconds. ⁇ : The ink on the surface of the cured film can be completely washed away within 1 minute. ⁇ : Ink remains partially on the surface of the cured film even after washing with water for 1 minute or longer. X: Even after washing with water for 1 minute or more, the ink remains completely on the surface of the cured film.
- cured material obtained from the ink 1 is called the hardened
- the cured products 1 to 20 were picked with tweezers and examined for peel resistance from the PTFE sheet.
- the evaluation criteria are as follows. (Double-circle): Hardened
- the inks 1 to 13 were excellent in ink compatibility, photocuring, peelability of the cured products 1 to 13 from the PTFE, and water washability. Among them, in particular, the peelability of the cured products 1 to 12 from PTFE was better, and the washability of the cured products (1 to 11) was better. As for water resistance, cured products 5, 6, and 8 are particularly good, followed by cured products 1, 3, 4, 7, and 11, and then cured products 2, 9, and 10 are good. Met.
- the ink of the present invention is excellent in ink compatibility and photocurability, and the cured product obtained from the ink of the present invention can be peeled off from the PTFE sheet and has water resistance. Excellent in properties. Therefore, from the ink of the present invention, a light beam having a wavelength of 400 nm or more is used for photocuring, and after use, the modeling apparatus is washed with water, and a cured product that can be easily removed from the support is obtained. Can be obtained. Therefore, it can be suitably used for manufacturing a three-dimensional model manufactured by the layered modeling method.
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Description
すなわち本発明は、以下の項を含む。
式(1)中、R1はa価の有機基であり、aは2以上の整数である。また、R2は水素または炭素数1~6のアルキルである。
式(3)中、R4は2価の有機基であり、R5は水素または炭素数1~6のアルキルである。
式(4)中、R6は水素または1価の有機基であり、R7は1価の有機基であり、R8は水素または炭素数1~6のアルキルである。
式(5)中、R9は2価の有機基であり、R10は水素または炭素数1~6のアルキルである。
また、該組成物より得られる造形物を支持体から容易に取り外すことができる。
さらに、該組成物は、400nm以上の光線の照射により容易に硬化できる。
以上のことから、該組成物は、一般家庭でも容易に使用できるような汎用性の高い積層造形法により、造形物を作り出すことが可能である。
本発明の光重合性組成物は、水溶性のラジカル重合性化合物(A)、光重合開始剤(B)、及びイオン性界面活性剤(C)を含有する光重合性組成物である。また、本発明の光重合性組成物は無色または有色であってもよい。
水溶性のラジカル重合性化合物(A)(以下「化合物(A)」ともいう)は式(1)で表される。
式(1)中、R1はa価の有機基であり、aは2以上の整数である。また、R2は水素または炭素数1~6のアルキルである。
ここで、好ましい化合物(A)としては、R1がヘテロ原子を含む化合物が挙げられる。さらに好ましい化合物(A)としては、R1が下記式(2)で表される構造を有する化合物である。
式(2)中、R3は炭素数2~5のアルキレンであり、bは1以上の整数である。
本明細書において、水溶性とは、25℃の水100gに対して均一に混和することの出来る最大重量が0.5g以上であることを示す。
本発明の光重合性組成物は、光重合開始剤(B)を含む。光重合開始剤(B)は、波長が400nm以上である光線の照射によりラジカルを発生することのできる化合物であれば特に限定されない。
本発明の光重合性組成物は、イオン性界面活性剤(C)を含む。イオン性界面活性剤(C)は、本発明の組成物から得られる造形物の離型性を上げることのできる化合物である。イオン性界面活性剤(C)は、本発明の組成物の水洗性、硬化性などを低下させない化合物であることが好ましく、該組成物から得られる造形物の耐水性などを低下させない化合物であることが好ましい。
本発明の組成物には、(A)以外の水溶性のラジカル重合性化合物(D)を含んでもよい。
(A)以外の水溶性のラジカル重合性化合物(D)としては、式(3)、(4)または(5)で表される構造を有する水溶性のラジカル重合性化合物であれば、特に限定されない。
式(3)中、R4は2価の有機基であり、R5は水素または炭素数1~6のアルキルである。
式(4)中、R6は水素または1価の有機基であり、R7は1価の有機基であり、R8は水素または炭素数1~6のアルキルである。)
式(5)中、R9は2価の有機基であり、R10は水素または炭素数1~6のアルキルである。
本発明の光重合性組成物は、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲内において、保存安定性を向上させるために重合禁止剤を含有してもよい。重合禁止剤の具体例としては、4-メトキシフェノール、ヒドロキノンおよびフェノチアジンを挙げることができる。これらの中でもフェノチアジンが長期の保存においても粘度の増加が小さいために好ましい。
本発明の光重合性組成物に含んでもよいその他の添加剤としては、可塑剤、酸化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤、帯電防止剤、難燃剤、難燃助剤、充填剤、顔料、染料等が挙げられるが、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲内において、その他の成分と均一に混合することが可能であれば特に限定されない。
本発明の光重合性組成物は、原料となる各成分を公知の方法により混合することで調製することができる。
特に、本発明の光重合性組成物は、前記(A)~(D)成分および必要に応じてその他の成分を混合し、得られた溶液をろ過して脱気することにより調製されることが好ましい。そのようにして調製された本発明の光重合性組成物は、印刷性に優れる。前記ろ過には、例えばフッ素樹脂製のメンブレンフィルターが用いられる。
本発明の光重合性組成物は、5~25℃で保存すると保存中の粘度変化が小さく、保存安定性が良好である。
本発明の光造形物は、上述した本発明の光重合性組成物を用いて公知の光造形法により、紫外線や可視光線等の光を照射して硬化させることで得られる。
水溶性のラジカル重合性化合物(A)として、NKエステルA-GLY-9E(商品名;新中村化学工業(株)、以後A-GLY-9Eと略す)、光重合開始剤(B)として2,4,6-トリメチルベンゾイル-ジフェニル-フォスフィンオキサイドであるLucirin TPO(商品名;BASFジャパン(株)、以後TPOと略す)、イオン性界面活性剤(C)としてドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウムであるネオペレックスG-15(商品名;花王(株)、以後G-15と略す)を下記組成にて混合・溶解した後、PTFE製のメンブレンフィルター(5μm)でろ過し、光重合性組成物1を調製した。
(A)A-GLY-9E 8.00g
(B)TPO 0.40g
(C)G-15 0.084g
E型粘度計(東機産業(株)製 TV-22、以下同じ)を用い、25℃における光重合性組成物1の粘度を測定した結果、97mPa・sであった。
水溶性のラジカル重合性化合物(A)として、NKエステルA-GLY-20E(商品名;新中村化学工業(株)、以後A-GLY-20Eと略す)を用い、下記組成割合とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、光重合性組成物2を調製した。
(A)A-GLY-20E 8.00g
(B)TPO 0.40g
(C)G-15 0.084g
E型粘度計を用い、25℃における光重合性組成物2の粘度を測定した結果、213mPa・sであった。
水溶性のラジカル重合性化合物(D)として、4-ヒドロキシブチルアクリレートである4HBA(商品名;日本化成(株)、以後4HBAと略す)を用い、下記組成割合とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、光重合性組成物3を調製した。
(A)A-GLY-20E 5.00g
(B)TPO 0.40g
(C)G-15 0.084g
(D)4HBA 3.00g
E型粘度計を用い、25℃における光重合性組成物3の粘度を測定した結果、28mPa・sであった。
水溶性のラジカル重合性化合物(D)として、N,N-ジエチルアクリルアミドであるDEAA(商品名;興人(株)、以後DEAAと略す)を用い、下記組成割合とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、光重合性組成物4を調製した。
(A)A-GLY―9E 6.00g
(B)TPO 0.40g
(C)G-15 0.084g
(D)DEAA 2.00g
E型粘度計を用い、25℃における光重合性組成物4の粘度を測定した結果、31mPa・sであった。
水溶性のラジカル重合性化合物(A)として、A-GLY-9Eとライトアクリレート4EG-A(商品名;共栄社化学(株)、以後4EG-Aと略す)を用い、下記組成割合とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、光重合性組成物5を調製した。
(A)A-GLY-9E 4.00g
(A)4EG-A 4.00g
(B)TPO 0.40g
(C)G-15 0.084g
E型粘度計を用い、25℃における光重合性組成物5の粘度を測定した結果、46mPa・sであった。
水溶性のラジカル重合性化合物(A)として、A-GLY-9Eとライトアクリレート9EG-A(商品名;共栄社化学(株)、以後9EG-Aと略す)を用い、下記組成割合とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、光重合性組成物6を調製した。
(A)A-GLY-9E 4.00g
(A)9EG-A 4.00g
(B)TPO 0.40g
(C)G-15 0.084g
E型粘度計を用い、25℃における光重合性組成物6の粘度を測定した結果、79mPa・sであった。
水溶性のラジカル重合性化合物(A)として、A-GLY-9Eとライトアクリレート14EG-A(商品名;共栄社化学(株)、以後14EG-Aと略す)を用い、下記組成割合とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、光重合性組成物7を調製した。
(A)A-GLY-9E 4.00g
(A)14EG-A 4.00g
(B)TPO 0.40g
(C)G-15 0.084g
E型粘度計を用い、25℃における光重合性組成物7の粘度を測定した結果、107mPa・sであった。
水溶性のラジカル重合性化合物(A)として、A-GLY-9EとブレンマーDA-800AU(商品名;日油(株)、以後DA-800AUと略す)を用い、下記組成割合とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、光重合性組成物8を調製した。
(A)A-GLY-9E 6.00g
(A)DA-800AU 2.00g
(B)TPO 0.40g
(C)G-15 0.084g
E型粘度計を用い、25℃における光重合性組成物8の粘度を測定した結果、184mPa・sであった。
水溶性のラジカル重合性化合物(A)として、DA-800AUを用い、水溶性のラジカル重合性化合物(D)として、4HBAと下記組成割合とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、光重合性組成物9を調製した。
(A)DA-800AU 5.00g
(B)TPO 0.40g
(C)G-15 0.084g
(D)4HBA 3.00g
E型粘度計を用い、25℃における光重合性組成物9の粘度を測定した結果、170mPa・sであった。
水溶性のラジカル重合性化合物(D)として、DEAAと下記組成割合とした以外は、実施例9と同様にして、光重合性組成物10を調製した。
(A)DEAA 2.00g
(A)DA-800AU 6.00g
(B)TPO 0.40g
(C)G-15 0.084g
E型粘度計を用い、25℃における光重合性組成物10の粘度を測定した結果、203mPa・sであった。
水溶性のラジカル重合性化合物(A)として、4EG-AとDA-800AUを用い、下記組成割合とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、光重合性組成物11を調製した。
(A)4EG-A 4.00g
(A)DA-800AU 4.00g
(B)TPO 0.40g
(C)G-15 0.084g
E型粘度計を用い、25℃における光重合性組成物11の粘度を測定した結果、176mPa・sであった。
波長が400nm以上である光線の照射によりラジカルを発生する光重合開始剤(B)として、2-(ジメチルアミノ)-2-[(4-メチルフェニル)メチル]-1-[4-(4-モルホリニル)フェニル]-1-ブタノンであるIRGACURE379EG(商品名;BASFジャパン(株)、以後Irg379と略す)を用い、下記組成割合とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、光重合性組成物12を調製した。
(A)A-GLY-9E 8.00g
(B)Irg379 0.40g
(C)G-15 0.084g
E型粘度計を用い、25℃における光重合性組成物12の粘度を測定した結果、123mPa・sであった。
イオン性界面活性剤(C)として、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル硫酸ナトリウムであるラテムルE-118B(商品名;花王(株)、以後E-118Bと略す)を用い、下記組成割合とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、光重合性組成物13を調製した。
(A)A-GLY-9E 8.00g
(B)Irg379 0.40g
(C)E-118B 0.084g
E型粘度計を用い、25℃における光重合性組成物12の粘度を測定した結果、123mPa・sであった。
化合物(A)を用いず、代わりに、トリメチロールプロパントリアクリレートであるアロニックスM-305(非水溶性のラジカル重合性化合物;東亞合成(株)製、以後「M-309」と略す。)を用い、下記組成割合とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、インク14を調製した。
(B)TPO 0.40g
(C)G-15 0.084g
(その他)M-309 8.00g
E型粘度計を用い、25℃における光重合性組成物14の粘度を測定した結果、109mPa・sであった。
化合物(A)を用いず、代わりに、ペンタエリスリトールトリアクリレートであるアロニックスM-305(非水溶性のラジカル重合性化合物;東亞合成(株)製、以後「M-305」と略す。)を用い、下記組成割合とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、光重合性組成物15を調製した。
(B)TPO 0.40g
(C)G-15 0.084g
(その他)M-305 8.00g
E型粘度計を用い、25℃における光重合性組成物15の粘度を測定した結果、647mPa・sであった。
化合物(A)を用いず、代わりに、M-305を用い、下記組成割合とした以外は、実施例3と同様にして、光重合性組成物16を調製した。
(B)TPO 0.40g
(C)G-15 0.084g
(D)4HBA 3.00g
(その他)M-305 5.00g
E型粘度計を用い、25℃における光重合性組成物16の粘度を測定した結果、52mPa・sであった。
化合物(A)を用いず、代わりに、M-305を用い、下記組成割合とした以外は、実施例4と同様にして、光重合性組成物17を調製した。
(B)TPO 0.40g
(C)G-15 0.084g
(D)DEAA 3.00g
(その他)M-305 5.00g
E型粘度計を用い、25℃における光重合性組成物17の粘度を測定した結果、70mPa・sであった。
化合物(B)を用いず、代わりに、1-[4-(2-ヒドロキシエトキシ)-フェニル]-2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチル-1-プロパノンであるIRGACURE2959(波長が400nm以上である光線の照射によりラジカルを発生しない光重合開始剤;BASFジャパン(株)製、以後「Irg2959」と略す。)を用い、下記組成割合とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、光重合性組成物18を調製した。
(A)A-GLY-9E 8.00g
(C)G-15 0.084g
(その他)Irg2959 0.40g
E型粘度計を用い、25℃における光重合性組成物18の粘度を測定した結果、115mPa・sであった。
化合物(C)を用いず、下記組成割合とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、光重合性組成物19を調製した。
(A)A-GLY-9E 8.00g
(B)TPO 0.40g
E型粘度計を用い、25℃における光重合性組成物19の粘度を測定した結果、118mPa・sであった。
化合物(C)を用いず、代わりに非イオン性界面活性剤であるメガファックF477(DIC(株)製、以後「F477」と略す。)下記組成割合とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、光重合性組成物20を調製した。
(A)A-GLY-9E 8.00g
(B)TPO 0.40g
(その他)F477 0.084g
しかし、光重合性組成物20は白濁したため、その後の評価を行わなかった。
上記で得られた光重合性組成物を以下では、インクとよぶことがある。
インクの光硬化性、水洗性、また、上記で得られたインクより得られる硬化物のPTFEシートからの剥離性、耐水性評価を行った。得られた結果を表1および表2に示す。
○:インクが透明である。
×:インクが白濁している。
h線照射後、重ねたガラス基板の一方を剥がし、基板表面を触指した際の硬化膜の表面状態を顕微鏡観察した。評価基準は以下のとおりである。
○:硬化膜表面に触指跡が全く残らない。
△:硬化膜表面に触指跡が僅かに残る。
×:硬化膜表面に触指跡が完全に残る。
光硬化性評価の際に得られた硬化膜が形成されたガラス基板上に、インク1~20を垂らした。その後、脱イオン水を用いてインクを洗い流した後の硬化膜の表面状態を顕微鏡観察した。評価基準は以下のとおりである。
◎:10秒以内に硬化膜表面のインクを完全に洗い流すことができる。
○:1分以内に硬化膜表面のインクを完全に洗い流すことができる。
△:1分以上水洗しても、硬化膜表面に部分的にインクが残る。
×:1分以上水洗しても、硬化膜表面にインクが完全に残っている。
PTFEを貼り付けたガラス基板上にインク1~17を0.05g垂らし、窒素置換したUV硬化装置用置換ボックスに収納した。その後、h線透過フィルターを重ね、UV照射装置((株)トプコン製のTME-400PRC)を用いて、h線を500mJ/cm2照射した。なお、積算露光量はウシオ電機(株)製の受光器UVD-405PDを取り付けた積算光量計UIT-201で測定した。
なお、h線照射後、PTFE上に形成された硬化物については、例えば、インク1から得られた硬化物を硬化物1と呼ぶ。硬化物1~20をピンセットで摘み、PTFEシートからの剥離抵抗を調べた。評価基準は以下のとおりである。
◎:殆ど力を加えなくても硬化物が剥がれる。
○:硬化物に傷が付かない程度に力を加えれば、硬化物が剥がれる。
×:力を加えても、硬化物が剥がれない。
硬化物のPTFEシートからの剥離性評価の際に得られた硬化物を一定時間脱イオン水に浸し、硬化物の変色を観察する。評価基準は以下のとおりである。
◎:24時間後でも全く変化しない。
○:12時間後までは全く変化しないが、24時間後に多少白くなった。
○△:6時間後までは全く変化しないが、12時間後に多少白くなった。
△:1時間後までは全く変化しないが、6時間後に多少白くなった。
×:1時間以内に白くなった。
また、硬化物1~13のPTFEからの剥離性、水洗性が良好であった。
その中でも特に、硬化物1~12のPTFEからの剥離性がより良好であり、硬化物(1~11)の水洗性がより良好であった。
また、耐水性については、硬化物5、6、および8が特に良好で、次いで、硬化物1、3、4、7、および11が良好で、次いで、硬化物2、9、および10が良好であった。
したがって、本発明のインクからは、光硬化させるために波長が400nm以上である光線を使用し、使用後は造形装置を水洗浄し、造形物を支持体から容易に取り外すことのできる硬化物を得ることが出来る。
そのため、積層造形法により製造される立体造形物を製造するために好適に用いることができる。
Claims (8)
- 光重合開始剤(B)がα-アミノアルキルフェノン系化合物およびアシルフォスフィンオキサイド系化合物からなる群から選ばれる1以上である、請求項1または2に記載の光重合性組成物。
- 光重合開始剤(B)がアシルフォスフィンオキサイド系化合物から選ばれる1以上である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の光重合性組成物。
- イオン性界面活性剤(C)がアルキルベンゼンスルホン酸塩およびポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル硫酸エステル塩からなる群から選ばれる1以上である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の光重合性組成物。
- イオン性界面活性剤(C)がアルキルベンゼンスルホン酸塩である、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の光重合性組成物。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の光重合性組成物を硬化することで得られる光造形物。
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| JP2014538628A JP6194891B2 (ja) | 2012-09-27 | 2013-09-27 | 光造形用重合性組成物 |
| EP13842802.4A EP2902416A4 (en) | 2012-09-27 | 2013-09-27 | POLYMERIZABLE COMPOSITION FOR PHOTO-INCISION MANUFACTURE |
| US14/431,305 US10040933B2 (en) | 2012-09-27 | 2013-09-27 | Polymerizable composition for stereolithography |
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| US (1) | US10040933B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP2902416A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP6194891B2 (ja) |
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| WO (1) | WO2014051046A1 (ja) |
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| JP2016002704A (ja) * | 2014-06-17 | 2016-01-12 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 3d造形用組成液、3d造形用インクセットおよび3d造形物の製造方法 |
| JP2016141113A (ja) * | 2015-02-04 | 2016-08-08 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | 積層造形装置及び積層造形プログラム |
| WO2016163283A1 (ja) * | 2015-04-06 | 2016-10-13 | 岡本化学工業株式会社 | 光学的立体造形用組成物及びこれを用いた立体造形物の製造方法 |
| JP2016196597A (ja) * | 2015-04-06 | 2016-11-24 | 岡本化学工業株式会社 | 光学的立体造形用組成物及びこれを用いた立体造形物の製造方法 |
| JP2017026680A (ja) * | 2015-07-16 | 2017-02-02 | 国立大学法人山形大学 | 3dプリンタ用ゲル材料 |
| JP2017095602A (ja) * | 2015-11-25 | 2017-06-01 | 岡本化学工業株式会社 | 光学的立体造形用組成物及びこれを用いた立体造形物の製造方法 |
| KR20170108962A (ko) | 2015-01-26 | 2017-09-27 | 케이제이 케미칼즈 가부시키가이샤 | 3차원 조형 서포트재용 활성 에너지선 경화성 수지 조성물 |
| JP6359793B1 (ja) * | 2017-01-30 | 2018-07-18 | 花王株式会社 | 三次元造形用可溶性材料 |
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| US10668708B2 (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2020-06-02 | Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc | Optically enhanced patternable photosensitivity via oxygen excitation |
| EP3684861B1 (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2023-12-27 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | 3d-printed articles |
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| JP2016002704A (ja) * | 2014-06-17 | 2016-01-12 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 3d造形用組成液、3d造形用インクセットおよび3d造形物の製造方法 |
| KR20170108962A (ko) | 2015-01-26 | 2017-09-27 | 케이제이 케미칼즈 가부시키가이샤 | 3차원 조형 서포트재용 활성 에너지선 경화성 수지 조성물 |
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| JP2016196597A (ja) * | 2015-04-06 | 2016-11-24 | 岡本化学工業株式会社 | 光学的立体造形用組成物及びこれを用いた立体造形物の製造方法 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20150232654A1 (en) | 2015-08-20 |
| EP2902416A4 (en) | 2016-04-13 |
| EP2902416A1 (en) | 2015-08-05 |
| TW201412505A (zh) | 2014-04-01 |
| JP6194891B2 (ja) | 2017-09-13 |
| JPWO2014051046A1 (ja) | 2016-08-22 |
| US10040933B2 (en) | 2018-08-07 |
| TWI601750B (zh) | 2017-10-11 |
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