Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
  • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
  • H01M50/35—Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
  • H01M50/358—External gas exhaust passages located on the battery cover or case
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
  • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
  • H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
  • H01M50/383—Flame arresting or ignition-preventing means
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
  • H01M50/392—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases with means for neutralising or absorbing electrolyte; with means for preventing leakage of electrolyte through vent holes
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
  • H01M50/394—Gas-pervious parts or elements
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

• the invention relates to a rechargeable battery container with a liquid-tight, flexible casing, which encloses an interior and has an opening.
• Such rechargeable battery containers exist in the form of rechargeable battery transport containers, which in their long form can also be referred to as rechargeable battery transport containers, and are used, for example, as transport sacks for lithium-ion rechargeable batteries, the bicycles provided in so-called pedelecs, ie with electric auxiliary drive used.
• a hood made of a synthetic material for a welding power source is known. If the welding power source has a motor for driving a generator, the hood has a refractory section in the region of the exhaust of the engine.
• a battery pack is known in which a protective layer made of fiberglass material which is coated with a polymer is arranged inside a housing of stable material. If a battery fails, the tissue retains the resulting gases. The housing absorbs the resulting forces.
• the invention has for its object to reduce disadvantages in the prior art.
• the invention solves the problem by a generic battery container, in particular a generic battery-transport container having an at least partially tubular exhaust pipe, which is connected to the opening and at least includes a layer of temperature-resistant textile.
• An advantage of such a rechargeable battery container is that the gases that can be discharged in the event of a fire of an accumulator, which is arranged in the interior, without risk to the nearer environment of the battery container. This is particularly advantageous when a plurality of accumulators are arranged in a battery transport device close to each other. As a result of the fact that hot gases generated during the fire can be conducted away from the source of the fire through the hose-like exhaust gas line, the temperature load on the surrounding accumulators is kept low. This avoids spreading the fire to neighboring accumulators.
• this battery container is easy to use. So it is only necessary to arrange the accumulator in the interior. Due to the flexibility of the case also differently sized accumulators of rechargeable batteries can be included.
• the flexible shell is resilient so that the sudden volume increase in an explosion inflates the shell, resulting in a low maximum pressure.
• the temperature-resistant textile is understood in particular to mean a fire-resistant textile.
• a fire protection textile is an object made of fibers, for example a woven, knitted or laid fabric, which consists of a non-combustible, fire-retardant material.
• the fire protection textile comprises glass fibers and / or metal fibers and / or wires.
• a rechargeable battery container is understood in particular to mean a device by means of which an accumulator can be enclosed in such a way that flames emanating from the rechargeable battery can not penetrate into an external environment of the rechargeable battery container.
• the battery container is designed so that discharged from the accumulator gases to at least 90%, in particular 95%, are derived through the exhaust pipe and do not pass through the shell.
• the envelope is liquid-retaining.
• the envelope prevents liquid, in particular the electrolyte of the battery, from passing through.
• the shell has liquid absorbing material, for example a superabsorbent.
• the sheath may be liquid-tight, so that it prevents the passage of liquid.
• the shell is also gas-tight.
• the shell usually has an opening to which the exhaust pipe is connected, but that is not meant.
• the feature of, for example, gas tightness means that the envelope material of the envelope is gas tight.
• the casing, as described below, is at least partially permeable to gas but not to flames.
• the fire protection textile is preferably at least partially coated with intumescent material.
• the intumescent material preferably comprises expandable graphite. This has the advantage that the intumescent material can simultaneously act as a catalyst. Expanded graphite has a large internal surface area.
• the intumescent material in particular if it contains expandable graphite, can also act as a filter which removes toxic components of the gas.
• the at least sectionally tubular exhaust pipe is understood in particular to mean a structure which has a length of at least 50 cm, in particular of at least one meter. It is possible, but not necessary, for the exhaust pipe to have a circular cross-section. The advantage of a circular cross-section is that with a given amount of material a particularly low flow resistance can be achieved. If the exhaust pipe does not have a circular cross-section, this diameter is the diameter that a circular exhaust pipe with the same flow resistance would have. It is advantageous if the exhaust pipe has a diameter of at least 5 cm, in particular 1 0 cm.
• the flexible sheath is liquid-tight, it is understood, in particular, that it is derived from the electrolyte of a lithium-ion battery
• the sheath and / or the hose-like exhaust pipe comprises at least one layer of metal foil.
• the metal foil has a thickness between 50 ⁇ and 250 ⁇ , in particular between see 1 5 ⁇ and 1 50 ⁇ .
• Such a layer of metal foil leads to a high liquid-tightness.
• metal foils are resistant to high temperatures.
• the metal foil is constructed of stainless steel.
• the layer of metal foil comprises an aluminum foil.
• the flexible sheath and / or the temperature resistant comprises
• Textile a plastic film, for example a polyester film or a PEEK foil (polyetheretherketone). This improves the short-circuit resistance and the media resistance. It is particularly favorable if the casing and / or the temperature-resistant textile is constructed at least two layers, wherein on a layer of fire protection textile, in particular of glass fiber fabric or knitted fabric, a plastic film and / or a metal foil is applied as the carrier material. Particularly preferably, the shell and / or the textile are constructed at least three layers. In particular, a plastic film is arranged on the fire protection textile, on which a metal foil is applied.
• the exhaust pipe is preferably formed of a wall material, which is partially formed into a tube.
• the flexible shell is preferably made of a shell material. It is favorable if the wrapping material corresponds to the wall material. In this case, the manufacture of the container is particularly simple.
• a battery transport container is understood to mean a device by means of which an accumulator can be transported.
• the battery transport container is designed so that a lithium-ion battery with a capacity of at least 1 0 kilowatt hours can be transported. If there is a failure of such a rechargeable battery, the electrical energy stored in the accumulator is released to a large extent within a very short time. The resulting thermal and mechanical stress must withstand the battery transport container.
• the battery container is designed for stationary use.
• an emergency power supply which comprises at least one accumulator and a rechargeable battery container according to the invention surrounding the rechargeable battery, likewise forms the subject matter of the invention.
• the emergency power supply may also include a rectifier and / or an inverter, which is also surrounded by the battery container or other battery container.
• the components of an emergency power supply belong to the prior art and are therefore not described in detail.
• the tubular exhaust pipe is not dimensionally stable. For example, if an internal pressure in the interior corresponds to an ambient pressure in an environment of the battery container, it lies at least in sections on an upper side of the battery container or hangs down limply. This has the advantage that the exhaust pipe does not hinder the handling of the battery container.
• the fact that the hose-like exhaust pipe is not dimensionally stable does not necessarily mean that it is completely limp in all spatial directions.
• the exhaust pipe is provided with reinforcing elements, which stop the cross section of the exhaust pipe and oppose a radially inwardly acting force.
• the exhaust hose is indeed slightly deformable in the longitudinal direction, but not in the radial direction.
• the exhaust pipe is at least partially gas-permeable, wherein the exhaust pipe is in particular designed so that it, when in the interior an overpressure of at least 0, 1 MPa prevails, projects outward Shen.
• the exhaust pipe is in particular designed so that it, when in the interior an overpressure of at least 0, 1 MPa prevails, projects outward Shen.
• the exhaust pipe has a discharge portion disposed adjacent to the opening and a blow-off portion disposed adjacent a free end of the exhaust pipe remote from the opening, wherein a surface-specific gas permeability of the blow-off portion is at least twice such as a surface-specific gas permeability of the discharge section.
• a surface-specific gas permeability of the blow-off portion is at least twice such as a surface-specific gas permeability of the discharge section.
• This balloon-like extension is in particular designed so that, when in the interior of a pressure of at least 0, 1 MPa prevails, which can be referred to as Abblasfall, the resulting gas in the interior is discharged mainly through the balloon-like expansion into the environment.
• the balloon-like extension when the balloon-like extension is arranged at the free end of the exhaust pipe facing away from the opening, the heat release is distributed over a larger area, so that lower maximum temperatures are achieved. Due to the extension, the area-specific heat input into the material of the extension is also lower, resulting in a longer service life.
• the rechargeable battery container has a temperature-resistant filter, which is preferably arranged adjacent to the opening.
• the temperature-resistant filter may be an activated carbon filter. Failure of an accumulator located in the interior, toxic gases may be created that endanger the environment and hinder any attempts to limit the fire. With an activated carbon filter, the toxic gases are at least partially retained and / or rendered harmless.
• the filter is arranged so that gas from the interior first has to flow through the filter to get into the exhaust pipe.
• the battery container comprises a filter material which is arranged in the flexible casing.
• the rechargeable battery container in particular the casing and / or the exhaust pipe, comprises endothermically reacting heat absorption material with heat supply.
• This may be, for example, a water-containing substance, for example a material containing water of crystallization or a material in which water is absorbed, for example a water-containing gel or a water-soaked superabsorber. Water has a high heat of vaporization, so that the hydrous substance can absorb a large amount of heat energy before the temperature significantly rises above 1 00 °.
• the heat absorption material is arranged such that the exhaust gas which comes out of the exhaust pipe through the outer wall thereof at least partially flows through the heat absorption material.
• the outer wall can have pores or openings, for example slots, for this purpose so that the outflowing gas flows over a large area before it reaches the surroundings.
• the battery container comprises a cooling cartridge, which contains heat absorption material, wherein the cooling cartridge is preferably arranged adjacent to the opening.
• the cooling cartridge is arranged so that from the interior to the outside Shen flowing gas must flow through the cooling cartridge before it can get into an environment.
• the cooling cartridge preferably comprises water-containing material, which has already been described above. An advantage of such a cartridge is that it can accommodate a relatively large amount of heat-absorbing material.
• the battery container comprises a catalyst which catalyzes a chemical reaction of gas constituents of the exhaust gas with one another.
• This catalyst can be arranged, for example, in the outer wall and / or the temperature-resistant filter. It may be a metal, an alloy or a mixture thereof, for example a noble metal, in particular gold, platinum and / or rhodium or these metals.
• the cartridge for each kilowatt-hour of capacity of the battery disposed in the interior, the cartridge comprises an amount of heat-absorbing material having a heat-absorbing capacity corresponding to at least 0.5 kilogram of water, especially 1 kilogram of water. Approximately 0.6 kilowatt hours are required to evaporate 1 kilogram of water so that the heat-absorbing material can absorb a large part of the potentially generated heat.
• the rechargeable battery container comprises oxidizable material which is arranged so that it is contacted by gas generated in the interior, before the gas is released into the environment.
• the oxidizable material is arranged in a container which is arranged so that gas has to flow from the interior through the container in order to get into the environment.
• Accumulators for example lithium-ion accumulators, often have electrolytes that are highly oxidizing.
• a container may be provided in which such substances are oxidized.
• the battery container has a load-receiving means, for example, at least one rope, tentatively a steel cable, by means of which the weight of an accumulator arranged in the interior can be kept.
• a load-receiving means for example, at least one rope, tentatively a steel cable, by means of which the weight of an accumulator arranged in the interior can be kept.
• the hose-like exhaust pipe is detachably attached to the flexible sheath. This allows easy disassembly of the exhaust pipe.
• the flexible sheath has at least one reversible closing device, for example a tear-off closure and / or a cable pull, by means of which the flexible sheath can be closed.
• the battery transport container with a battery container according to the invention, in the interior of an accumulator, in particular a lithium battery is arranged, the accumulator in particular a capacity of at least 1 0 kilowatt hours, preferably at least 1 5 kilowatt hours has ,
• the battery transport container comprises a rigid outer packaging.
• This outer packaging may, for example, be a construction made at least predominantly of metal elements, in particular metal profiles, which are designed so that a lateral force, for example due to an impact, is to a large extent intercepted by the outer packaging. This protects the flexible casing and thus the nenraum arranged accumulator.
• the battery transport container in particular also between the casing and the rigid outer packaging, has a nonflammable, yielding shock absorbing material.
• the shock absorbing material may be, for example, mineral wool and / or glass wool. The shock absorbing material results in a distribution of the force exerted by a possibly impacting body on the battery container on a larger area and thus protects the accumulator.
• each accumulator is disposed in a battery container. It is advantageous if the truck has an exhaust gas discharge line leading into an environment of the truck, wherein the exhaust gas line of each battery container is connected to the exhaust gas discharge line. If one of the accumulators fails, for example an explosion, the resulting hot gas can be released into the environment via the exhaust gas discharge line.
• a tow truck having a loading area which is adapted to receive a passenger or heavy goods vehicle, and a fire protection container comprising at least one layer of temperature-resistant textile, wherein the fire protection container to form a flexible sheath standing on a loading area Passenger or truck is arranged.
• the tow truck according to the invention has the advantage that a large number of passenger cars or trucks of different sizes can be accommodated, since the fire protection container forms a flexible shell. He can therefore easily adapt to the dimensions of the passenger or truck.
• the fire protection container preferably has the properties described above for the battery container.
• the fire protection container is arranged to form a flexible envelope, is understood in particular that the passenger or truck, when the fire protection container forms the flexible shell, is surrounded all around by fire protection material. It is possible that the passenger or truck in this state is completely surrounded by textile material. Alternatively, it is possible that the fire protection container together with a closed bottom surface, which may be in particular the loading area, together forms the shell. In this case, the passenger and truck is shielded down through the floor surface against the environment and to the sides and upwards of fire protection textile.
• the fire protection container preferably comprises a closure device, by means of which the fire protection container can be automatically closed to the flexible envelope around the passenger or heavy goods vehicle standing on the loading surface.
• the closure device is a subframe which is movably mounted, for example pivotably, with the temperature-resistant textile being fastened to the frame.
• the frame has an open position in which the passenger or truck can be brought to the loading area, and a closure position in which the fire protection container forms the flexible shell.
• the opening and closing of the frame is done preferably by a drive, such as an electric motor or a hydraulic motor.
• the shell comprises a flame barrier layer made of an elastic, microporous material and a cover layer which covers the flame barrier layer to an environment of the shell out and is constructed of an elastic, gas-permeable cover material, wherein the flame barrier layer is formed so that a Flammen pressschlag from the interior through the shell in an environment of the battery container can be prevented and wherein the externa ßere cover layer has a strength and the flame barrier has a flow resistance, which are chosen so that in a sudden gas evolution in the interior, the shell inflates and / or the resulting gases flameless, at least pass through the flexible shell.
• An advantage of this battery container is that the penetration of flames can be prevented.
• a lithium-polymer accumulator gases are per se not very dangerous, the main hazard is based on flames.
• a flame barrier layer is present, through which a flame from the interior can not escape to the outside, the gases can escape from the interior into the environment, without these are inflamed.
• the deflagration for example, a lithium-polymer battery creates a considerable pressure spike, which leads in known rechargeable batteries to the fact that the shell opens so far that flames penetrate or glowing particles pass through and can ignite the flame.
• a pressure peak forms with a significantly lower peak pressure.
• the inflation of the shell leads to a low peak pressure.
• the cover layer is therefore able to absorb the force resulting from the relatively low peak pressure without creating gaps in the cover through which a flame or glowing particles can escape from the interior space and ignite the combustion gases present there.
• the safe inclusion for example, a lithium polymer accumulator with technically simple means can be implemented. This makes it possible to make use of simple and therefore inexpensive basic materials.
• this battery container is easy to use. So it is only necessary to arrange the accumulator in the interior. Due to the flexibility of the case, differently sized accumulators of rechargeable batteries can also be accommodated.
• the microporous material is understood as meaning, in particular, such a material whose pores are so small that they inhibit the passage of flame and the passage of glowing particles.
• the porosity, the flame barrier layer thickness, the flow resistance of the flame barrier layer and the strength of the outer cover layers are determined in preliminary tests. If the flames are penetrated, the strength of the cover layers and the flame barrier layer thickness are increased or the porosity is lowered. If necessary, the shell is enlarged. The larger the tube is in comparison to the accumulator arranged in the interior, the larger the volume into which the gas produced during the deflagration can spread and the lower the peak pressure.
• the gas-permeable cover material is understood in particular to mean a temperature-resistant textile, in particular a fire protection textile.
• a fireproofing textile is an object constructed of fibers that consists of a non-flammable, fire-retardant material.
• the fire protection textile comprises glass fibers and / or metal fibers and / or wires.
• the invention is based on the finding that a, in particular elastic, microporous material and a, in particular elastic, gas-permeable cover layer are sufficiently yielding to give way so far in the case of a sudden gas evolution that the peak pressure is sufficiently low remains to be intercepted by the cover material.
• known battery containers have a sufficiently high fire resistance, but can not prevent a flame in all cases.
• the flame barrier layer and the cover layer together have a flow resistance of at most 4000 Pa sec / m, in particular at most 1000 Pa sec / m.
• Airflow to ISO 9237 is preferably greater than 5 millimeters per second.
• Particularly favorable is a Lucassonkeit of more than 50 millimeters per second, in particular more than 500 millimeters per second.
• the flow resistance is measured according to ISO 9237. In other words, the flame barrier layer and the cover layer together have a flow resistance that is smaller than the opening.
• the casing comprises intumescent material, in particular expanded graphite, and / or catalyst material and / or filter material and / or heat-absorbing, in particular water-containing, material.
• the shell contains two or three of the components.
• the expandable graphite and / or the catalyst material and / or the filter material are arranged so that gases that pass from the interior of the battery container through the shell, at least 90% by volume pass through the corresponding material and thus at least partially oxidized and / or cooled and / or detoxified.
• the shell comprises a cover layer which covers the flame barrier layer towards an environment of the shell and is constructed of a gas-permeable material and has the outer strength, which is chosen so that at a sudden gas evolution in the interior, the shell inflates and the resulting gases pass through the top of the flexible shell.
• the gas-permeable material is elastic. The cover layer is therefore able to absorb the force resulting from the relatively low peak pressure without creating gaps in the envelope through which a flame or glowing particles can escape from the interior space and ignite the combustion gases present there.
• the microporous material is a nonwoven, in particular an inorganic nonwoven, such as a glass fleece or rock wool.
• a nonwoven fabric can be produced simultaneously with a small pore size and a relatively high strength. It has been shown that glass fleece is well suited. It is advantageous to use two layers of glass fleece, which has the advantage that failure of a layer of glass fleece does not lead to failure of the flame barrier layer.
• the covering material knitwear comprises a knitted fabric, in particular a knitted fabric.
• Knitted fabric is stretchy and evades a pressure gradient. The result is that it bulges out in a sudden pressure increase in the interior and gives way and causes a low peak pressure.
• the knitted fabric comprises fibers of a material whose tensile strength is at least 2000 MPa, in particular at least 2500 MPa. It is also favorable if the elongation at break of the fibers is at least 1.5%, in particular at least 3%.
• aramid has been found, for example Kevlar ® .
• the knitted fabric is a hybrid knit.
• a hybrid knit is a knit that consists of two or more different fiber materials. It is possible that the hybrid knit is made of a yarn made from at least two fibrous materials when spinning. Alternatively or additionally, the fabric may comprise yarn which is combined from different materials, for example by twisting or Doubling. According to a preferred embodiment, the hybrid knit comprises at least two layers, wherein only one of the layers can be seen when looking from the outside to the top of the shell. According to a preferred embodiment, the shell has on the underside a gasket layer of gas-tight material. This may be, for example, a glass fabric laminated with a metal foil or a metal foil.
• the gas-tight layer has the advantage that escaping at a deflagration of the accumulator in the interior gas only escapes at least predominantly through the top to the top, so that the battery container remains on its base and is not thrown off. However, it is possible that the entire envelope is gas permeable.
• the sheath especially on the underside, comprises water-containing material, in particular water of crystallization, in particular material which contains mineral-bound water.
• water-containing material in particular water of crystallization, in particular material which contains mineral-bound water.
• Such crystal water-containing material absorbs large amounts of heat energy when evaporating the water of crystallization and thus limits the maximum temperature reached. This prevents overheating of the substrate on which the battery container is located.
• the water-containing material is embedded in the form of particles in a plastic matrix.
• a polyurethane matrix has proven to be particularly suitable.
• the battery container preferably has an opening through which the battery container can be inserted and removed. It is advantageous if the battery container has a closure device by means of which the opening can be closed.
• This closure device is preferably a form-locking closure device, for example a tear seal or a hook-and-loop fastener.
• the rechargeable battery container has a screening device which is arranged to protect the closure device from a sudden increase in pressure.
• a screening device which is arranged to protect the closure device from a sudden increase in pressure.
• it is a tab, which is bent in a U-shape, the tab facing its convex end, which is the bottom of the U, of the closure device.
• this tab is reinforced, for example, by a metal structure such as metal wires or a metal mesh against expansion. If there is a deflagration of a lithium polymer accumulator in the interior, the shielding device absorbs a large part of the pressure peak, so that only a comparatively small force acts on the closure device.
• the shell at least on its upper side, at least partially wavy, in particular folded, gathered or pleated. If there is a sudden increase in pressure, the waves smooth and allow a particularly strong expansion of the shell. This in turn reduces the peak pressure and thus the risk of flames penetrating the envelope.
• the casing is designed so that its upper side is connected directly to the underside.
• the shell can be folded like a box. This minimizes the number of seams that pose potential vulnerabilities.
• the shell has at least one side surface which is arranged between the upper side and the lower side.
• the cover layer is also possible to produce the cover layer as a tube, for example by circular knitting.
• the fire protection textile is preferably at least partially coated with intumescent material.
• the intumescent material preferably comprises expandable graphite. This has the advantage that the intumescent material can simultaneously act as a catalyst. Expanded graphite has a large internal surface area, so that toxic gases generated in the event of a fire of a rechargeable battery are partly absorbed by the expandable graphite or converted into more harmless gases.
• the flexible sheath is liquid-tight in a sealing portion at the bottom. This includes in particular They said that they let the electrolyte of a lithium-ion battery down to 50 milliliters in 48 hours.
• the liquid-tight sealing portion forms a trough so that no liquid can escape downwards.
• the sheath in the sealing section comprises at least one layer of metal foil.
• the metal foil has a thickness between 50 ⁇ and 250 ⁇ , in particular between 1 5 ⁇ and 1 50 ⁇ .
• Such a layer of metal foil leads to a high level of fluid tightness.
• metal foils are resistant to high temperatures.
• the metal foil is constructed of aluminum foil and / or stainless steel.
• the flexible sheath in the sealing portion comprises a plastic film, for example a polyester film or a PEEK film (polyetheretherketone). This improves the short circuit resistance and the media resistance.
• the battery container has a load-receiving means, for example at least one cable, preferably a steel cable, by means of which the weight of an accumulator arranged in the interior can be kept.
• a load-receiving means for example at least one cable, preferably a steel cable, by means of which the weight of an accumulator arranged in the interior can be kept.
• the battery storage container in particular between the casing and a rigid outer packaging, has a nonflammable, yielding shock absorbing material.
• the shock absorbing material may be, for example, mineral wool and / or glass wool. The shock absorbing material leads to a distribution of the force exerted by a possibly impacting body on the battery container, on a larger area and thus protects the accumulator.
• a rechargeable battery storage container comprising a rechargeable battery container according to the invention and a lithium rechargeable battery, in particular a lithium polymer rechargeable battery, which is arranged in the interior of the rechargeable battery container.
• the lithium accumulator is contacted by means of an electrical conductor, in particular a cable, which leads to au ßer Halb the shell. It is favorable if, wherein the electrical conductor is surrounded by a knitted tube and / or a sleeve, which constitutes a flame barrier layer. A cable must be led out of the interior, which can mean a path for sparks.
• the knitted tube causes such a high flow resistance that flames and glowing particles are extinguished due to the long residence time.
• Figure 1 is a schematic view of a battery container according to the invention.
• FIG. 2 shows a layer structure of the shell of the battery container according to FIG. 1
• Figure 3 shows a tow truck according to the invention
• Figure 4 shows an alternative embodiment of a tow truck according to the invention.
• FIG. 5 illustrates a battery container according to the invention, which surrounds a control cabinet or an emergency power supply and
• Figure 6 with the partial figures 6a and 6b shows the structure of the shell of a battery
• Figure 1 shows a battery container in the form of a battery container 1 0, which has a liquid-tight, flexible shell 1 2, which is constructed from a shell material.
• the wrapping material comprises a fire protection textile, in particular a glass fiber fabric, as a carrier material and at least one metal foil layer.
• the covering material between the metal foil layer and the fire protection textile comprises a plastic film in the form of a polyester film or a ner polyetheretherketone film.
• the envelope 1 2 encloses an interior 14 in which a schematically drawn accumulator 1 6 can be arranged.
• the accumulator 1 6 and the battery container 1 0 are together part of a battery Transportgebindes 1 8.
• the battery container 10 has an opening 20, which connects the interior 14 via an exhaust gas line 22 with an environment 24.
• the exhaust pipe 22 is tubular and secured by means of a clamping ring 26 at the opening 20.
• the opening 20 may for example have a metal ring against which the clamping ring 26 is supported.
• the exhaust pipe 22 is made of temperature-resistant textile that may be partially permeable to gas.
• the exhaust pipe 22 optionally has reinforcing rings 28.1, 28.2, which constantly keep the cross section of the exhaust pipe 22 clear.
• the battery container 1 0 has a temperature-resistant filter 30 in the form of an activated carbon filter, which is disposed adjacent to the opening 20. If a pressure pi 4 , which is greater than an ambient pressure p 24 , prevails in the interior space 14, gas flows through the filter 30 into the exhaust gas line 22.
• a cooling cartridge 32 which contains an endothermically reacting heat absorption material.
• the heat absorption material is formed by disc-shaped gypsum.
• Gypsum is calcium sulphate containing water of crystallization. The water of crystallization evaporates on strong heating of the heat absorption material and cools it.
• the cooling cartridge 32 also contains oxidizable material, for example metal powder of a base metal. Examples are iron powder or zinc powder. This oxidizable material binds any existing oxygen that leak from an electrolyte of the accumulator 1 6 in case of fire can.
• the exhaust pipe 22 has a Au towand 34, which surrounds an inner channel 36, in the gas 24 can be passed into the environment.
• the Au HYwand 34 may be constructed in multiple layers. It comprises a first layer 38 of fire protection textile, for example of a glass fiber fabric or knitted fabric. Radially au ßer Halb a second layer 40 is arranged, which comprises heat absorbing material, such as gypsum granules. The heat absorption material is covered by a third layer 42 radially outer Shen, which comprises a 20 ⁇ strong polyether ether ketone film 43a and a metal foil 43b in the form of a 50 ⁇ strong film of stainless, acid and alkali-resistant steel.
• the transport container 1 8 comprises in the present form in addition to the Accumulator 1 6 and the battery container 1 0 an outer packaging 44, which can be referred to here as in the entire description as a protective structure.
• the protective structure 44 is formed in the present case as a grid box and comprises a plurality of metal profiles which are designed and interconnected so that they absorb as much energy as possible during deformation.
• a shock absorbing material 46 is formed between the grid box 44 and the battery container 1 0 and the battery container 1 0 arranged.
• the accumulator 1 6 is held by two load-receiving means 48.1, 48.2 in the form of steel cables, which can engage a not shown crane.
• the load-receiving means 48 are connected via not shown ropes with the grid box 48, so that the entire transport container 1 8 can be handled by means of the load-receiving means 48.
• FIG 2 shows schematically the layer structure of the cooling material from which the flexible shell is constructed.
• the filler material has a first layer 50 of temperature-resistant textile, in the present case in the form of a glass fiber fabric. This serves as a carrier material and faces the interior 14.
• a second layer 52 is applied thereto and consists of a 30 ⁇ strong Po- lyesterfolie. Alternatively, a 20 ⁇ strong PEEK film could be used.
• a third layer 54 is arranged, which is formed by a 1 00 ⁇ thick sheet of stainless steel. It is possible, but not necessary, for the metal foil to have a coating, for example of a plastic, in particular of polytetrafluoroethylene.
• the sheath 1 2 is an electrical insulator.
• the sheath 1 2 has an electrical resistance between an electrolyte in its interior and the outer surface of the sheath of at least 10 ohms. It may comprise intumescent material 56 applied to the first layer in the form of the glass fiber fabric.
• intumescent material may also be present in the second layer 40 or in another position.
• the envelope 1 2 is designed so that it is resistant to explosion, heat, escaping gas and escaping media, in particular electrolytes. Failure of the accumulator 1 6 in the interior 14, so leaking liquid from the shell 1 2 are retained. Escaping gas escapes through the exhaust pipe 22.
• Figure 1 shows in dashed lines an alternative embodiment in which the exhaust pipe has a balloon-like extension 58 and may include heat absorption material.
• FIG. 3 shows a tow truck 60 according to the invention, which has a loading surface 62 and a fire protection container 64 shown schematically.
• the fire protection container 64 comprises a frame 66 which is pivotally mounted in joints 68.1, 68.2. The pivoting movement is automatically guided by a motor not shown.
• a fire protection fabric 70 is attached, which is not shown in Figure 3, to release the view of a passenger car 72, which is on the loading area 62.
• FIG. 3 shows the state in which the fire protection container 64 is closed and a flexible shell forms the passenger car 72. If the frame 66 is opened, the passenger car 72 can be lowered from the loading area 62.
• FIG. 4 shows an alternative embodiment of a towing vehicle according to the invention, in which the fire protection textile 70 is guided on a guide 74 which extends along the loading surface 62.
• the fire protection fabric 70 can be pulled over the passenger car 72.
• the foot areas of the fire protection textile 70 slide in the guide 64 toward a rear of the towing vehicle 60.
• the fire protection container 64 which also includes the loading area 62 adjacent to the fire protection textile 70, is closed by a flexible envelope, that is, the fire protection container 64 is in the shape of the passenger car 72 can adapt.
• Figure 5 shows schematically a battery container 1 0, which surrounds an accumulator 1 6.
• the accumulator 1 6 is arranged in a cabinet 78.
• the shell 1 2 surrounds the cabinet 78. It is possible that the shell 1 2 also surrounds a schematically drawn power supply 80 of the accumulator 1 6.
• the power supply 80 is designed as a rectifier inverter unit, so that it together with the accumulator 1 6 and the battery container 1 0 forms an emergency power supply according to the invention, which provides electrical power at grid frequency and voltage in case of power failure in the public network.
• the exhaust pipe 22 leads in this embodiment through an opening in a building wall, which surrounds the battery container 1 0, into the open.
• FIG. 6a shows an embodiment for the construction of the shell 1 2.
• the shell 1 2 comprises a flame barrier layer 1 30, which comprises two layers of glass fleece.
• the thickness of the flame barrier layer 1 30 is 2 cm in the uncompressed state.
• a mesh fabric 1 32 is arranged, which prevents the flame barrier layer 1 30 is damaged.
• the flame barrier layer 1 30 is covered by a cover layer 1 34.
• the cover layer 1 34 consists of a hybrid knitted fabric made of aramid fibers.
• the flame barrier layer 1 30 has an air permeability, which was determined at a test area of 20 square centimeters and a differential pressure of 200 Pa according to ISO 9237 to at least 50 mm per second. It has a separation efficiency of particles according to EN 779 G1. It is advantageous if the separation of the flame barrier layer 1 30 is formed so that particles with an aerodynamic diameter of at least 1 00 ⁇ retained to at least 95%.
• the cover layer 1 34 is made of Kevlar®, a tensile strength of the fiber is 2800 MPa.
• the cover layer 1 34 has a tear strength at uniaxial loading of at least 500 Newton per centimeter and a tear of at least 10%.
• FIG. 6b shows an alternative embodiment for the construction of the shell 1 2.
• the shell 1 2 has between the interior 14 and the flame barrier layer 1 30, which is formed by only one layer of glass fabric, a gas barrier layer 1 36, in the present case in the form of a with a 20 ⁇ thick aluminum foil laminated glass fabric.
• a second barrier layer 140 is arranged on the Au .seite the flame barrier layer 1 30 . This consists of a glass fabric with a coating of aluminum trihydrate.
• the shell 1 2 is constructed in regions as in Figure 6a and partially as in Figure 6b. Thereby, the direction can be specified, in the gas that can not be discharged through the exhaust pipe 22, from the interior through the shell to the outside can flow Shen. Not shown is a gathering of the shell 1 2, which causes the sheath to expand by, for example, at least a factor of 2, when the accumulator 1 6 fails. This avoids pressure peaks. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
• Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)

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• 2012
  • 2012-10-05 DE DE102012019676.8A patent/DE102012019676B4/de active Active
• 2013
  • 2013-10-04 WO PCT/EP2013/070679 patent/WO2014053623A2/fr not_active Ceased

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