WO2014094709A2 - Procédé pour déterminer au moins deux signaux individuels à partir d'au moins deux signaux de sortie - Google Patents

Procédé pour déterminer au moins deux signaux individuels à partir d'au moins deux signaux de sortie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014094709A2
WO2014094709A2 PCT/DE2013/000788 DE2013000788W WO2014094709A2 WO 2014094709 A2 WO2014094709 A2 WO 2014094709A2 DE 2013000788 W DE2013000788 W DE 2013000788W WO 2014094709 A2 WO2014094709 A2 WO 2014094709A2
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Prior art keywords
signals
signal
transformation
determined
source
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PCT/DE2013/000788
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German (de)
English (en)
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WO2014094709A3 (fr
Inventor
Daniel Kotulla
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Ask Industries GmbH
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Ask Industries GmbH
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Publication of WO2014094709A3 publication Critical patent/WO2014094709A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S3/00—Systems employing more than two channels, e.g. quadraphonic
    • H04S3/008—Systems employing more than two channels, e.g. quadraphonic in which the audio signals are in digital form, i.e. employing more than two discrete digital channels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for determining at least two individual signals according to the preamble of claim 1. It is known to record two or more sound sources so that thereby a stereo signal can be formed. For this, level differences or differences in maturity are used. The stereo signals should create a spatial sound impression.
  • stereophony Known methods of stereophony are the AB method, the intensity stereophony in the form of the XY method or the MS method and mixed methods such as the ORTF method or the OSS method.
  • the source signal is understood to mean every instrument and every voice or speaking voice.
  • a plurality of singers can be considered as a source signal, for example, "the soprano" can be understood as a singing voice, although it includes, for example, twenty singers.
  • the problem is to filter out any number of source signals from two output signals as they are in stereo signals or even more output signals.
  • Such source separation methods are referred to as "blind separation.”
  • the mixing ratios of source signals to the output signals can be determined with a direction determination.
  • the output signals are Fourier-transformed and the amplitude values are calculated. These amplitude values are combined into a histogram.
  • pairs of dots are formed from the Fourier-transformed output signals, the pairs of points in the histogram being combined by means of the angle obtained.
  • the angle of the pairs of points assumes values between 0 ° and 90 ° and is calculated as follows:
  • X X org denotes the Fourier-transformed first output signal X
  • X 2 org the Fourier-transformed second output signal X 2 and a x and a y vectors in which the amounts are stored.
  • the letter I is the counting index of the output signals X x and X 2 and the Fourier transform output signals X X org and X 2 org , on the basis of which the
  • Paired points are moored.
  • the count index I can also start at 0, it then runs to L - 1.
  • L denotes the number of Fourier transform points of the output signals X and X 2 , for example 4096.
  • ⁇ is an angle between 0 ° and 90 °. and ⁇ ⁇ the amount of the pair of points with index I.
  • the vector ⁇ contains the sum of the sums of the vectors a x and a y :
  • the Fourier transformation is performed block by block. In each case a power of two, ie a power to the base 2, is used as the input signal. It has been found that powers of 10, 11 or 12, ie 1024, 2048 or 4096 data points, are particularly efficient. Particularly preferred are 4096 data points, since in these the computing time is optimized in terms of computational effort.
  • the division of the histogram is preferably carried out in 1 "increments, ie the histogram contains 90 elements, the values of the angle ⁇ being rounded to integers in order to narrow the range of values of the histogram.
  • the histogram is smoothed to improve the detection of the maxima.
  • the smoothing function is used as the smoothing function:
  • the parameter T is an integer and specifies how many neighbor points are included in the smoothing. So there is an averaging over several data points.
  • the value 0 is used at the corresponding points to be supplemented.
  • the value 0 must be set eight times on one side, while the existing numerical values are used on the other side.
  • all local extreme values are determined and sorted according to the height of the numerical value, ie according to frequency.
  • Each position in the histogram corresponds to an angle as described above, so each angle also corresponds to an angle. The corresponding angle is determined for the maxima determined and either a predefined number of maxima are used or all maxima whose frequency is above a predetermined threshold value.
  • ⁇ ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ⁇ ⁇ '
  • the problem may arise that a source signal does not appear in the output signals over the entire duration. For example, certain instruments or voices have pauses. In order for these pauses not to cause errors in the angle determination, it is possible to multiply the following histograms by a weighting function, such as a low pass, after determining two or more histograms and corresponding angle determination.
  • the index n is the index of the histogram, ie the first one
  • the application of the low pass results in the histogram h, TP .
  • the corresponding subtraction signal is calculated. It is possible to use more than two output signals, but this only leads to an increased computational effort. If there are not two but more output signals as in the case of a stereo signal, then those two output signals in which the source signal is most strongly represented are preferably selected for the extraction of a source signal.
  • the window function f (n) for N data points is:
  • a residual signal is determined.
  • the residual signal results as a simple subtraction of the second transformation signal from the first:
  • X 3 X x - X 2 .
  • each signal has 4096 data points, the extreme values are calculated from the amplitudes of the three signals.
  • the starting point is an array with 3 x 4096 data points.
  • the number 3 indicates the number of transform signals and the residual signal, and the 4096 indicates the number of Fourier transformed data points in a block. Looking at the first data point and the first frequency bin of the vectors X x, X 2 and X, so there are three numerical values for comparison. In place of the minimum value of these three values, the maximum value of the other two values is set and the other values are set to zero.
  • phase of the signals X x and X 2 can also be used directly.
  • S x and S 2 will be the respective
  • Phase assigned from the vectors X x and X 2 Phase assigned from the vectors X x and X 2 .
  • the assignment is of course dependent on the counting index k.
  • the individual signals S x and S 2 or the Fourier-transformed individual signals S ! and S 2 may be slightly different from the source signals due to computational inaccuracies and rounding errors. This means that a complete reproduction of a source signal is not possible, but the differences are so small that they are usually not noticeable.
  • the following steps are possible:
  • a conditional low pass filter may be used:
  • P ho i d ik is the value of a frequency bin k to be memorized, k again being the count index.
  • the signals can be separated based on the phase angle. If the amplitude of the transformation signals X m ⁇ k) is substantially identical and has in the residual value signal
  • a block diagram of the method according to the invention for a stereo signal a block diagram of the method according to the invention in a second embodiment, a flow chart for determining the mixing ratios, a flow scheme for source separation, an arrangement for recording stereophonic signals, a scatter plot of data pairs, a scatter plot of FT data pair , a histogram, the overlap-add method, a 3D amplitude spectrum of two transformation and a residual signal, a 3D amplitude spectrum of the individual signals and 12 transformation signals and individual signals in vector form
  • Fig. 5 shows an arrangement for receiving a stereo signal.
  • an arrangement for recording the source signals by means of XY stereophony is shown; in principle, however, the method according to the invention can be used not only in all other stereophonic methods, but also in methods in which more than two output signals are generated.
  • Source signal 1 is, for example, a singing voice, ie a singer, with source signal 2 around the background choir consisting of a plurality of singers, who, however, reproduce the same text and the same notes, in the case of the source signal 3 Instrument, for example a piano, and in the case of source signal 4 a group of instruments which, however, like the choir, reproduce the same notes.
  • the output signals are those signals which form the starting point of the method according to the invention, the original source signals are no longer available.
  • source signals can be used to generate the output signals X m , but in order to carry out the method, it is necessary to have at least two source signals.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of the method according to the invention in a first embodiment.
  • two output signals X and X 2 are used and the Mixing ratio for two source signals, for example, the source signals 1 and 2, determined.
  • a possible method for determining the mixing ratios is explained in detail below.
  • a mixing ratio V results and for the source signal 2 a mixing ratio V 2 .
  • From the output signals X ! and X 2 are then Subtratechnischsignale X x and X 2 calculated by the output signals Xi and X 2 are subtracted as follows, using a mixing ratio:
  • N stands for the respective index of the source signal.
  • the thus calculated subtraction signals X x and X 2 are Fourier-transformed according to the overlap-add method.
  • the output signals Xi and X 2 are of course digital signals, which accordingly correspond to pure sequences of numerical values or data points.
  • the output signals Xi and X 2 and the subtraction signals X x and X 2 are further processed block by block.
  • Fourier transformation is applied, for example, to the first 4,096 data points of the subtraction signal X x and X 2, respectively.
  • powers of two of data points are Fourier-transformed, since the fast Fourier transformation (FFT) can be used for these.
  • FFT fast Fourier transformation
  • the number 4,096 represents an optimum value with regard to the used computing time and the used computing resources. It is also possible to take smaller or larger data blocks, for example data blocks of 1024 or 2048 data points. Of course, these are always consecutive data points.
  • Transformation signal X 2 from the transformation signal X, one obtains the residual signal X 3rd
  • the residual signal X 3 contains exactly as many data points as the transformation signals X and 2 , for example 4096 data points. Since these data points are in the frequency domain, they are also typically Called Bins. A frequency bin is therefore a data point of a transformation or residual signal. In the example, each transformation residual signal therefore has 4096 frequency bins.
  • minima are searched, since these are synonymous with the hidden signals. For this purpose, the minima are calculated for each frequency bin from the amplitudes of the signals X, X 2 and X 3 and sent to them
  • Minimum digits set the maximum values of the respective frequency bins set the other values for this frequency bin to zero.
  • the phases to the non-zero values are obtained from the In this way one holds the individual signals S x and S 2 . These must be transformed back into the time domain, which gives the calculated source signals Si and S 2 .
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment for determining more than two calculated source signals ST us S 2 .
  • the output signals X 1 (X 2, X 3 and X 4 are determined more than two mixing ratios, thereby more subtraction signals and thus more transformation signals are obtained.
  • the thus-obtained transform signals X x, X 2, j 4 and X 5 and the residual signal X 3 determined therefrom is followed by a minimization determination and, moreover, by the determination of the individual signals S ⁇ , S 2 , S 3 and S 4 and from this the calculation of the calculated source signals Si, S 2 , S 3 and S 4 .
  • FIG. 3 shows a flow chart for determining the mixing ratios on the basis of a direction determination.
  • the output signals Xi and X 2 are Fourier-transformed in step S1, whereby the transformed output signals X X org and X 2 org are obtained.
  • step S2 for each data point or frequency bin of the Fourier-transformed output signals X X org and X 2t0rg, the amplitude values are determined on the basis of FIG. 3
  • the calculation of the angle ⁇ and the absolute value ⁇ takes place from the previously determined values.
  • the magnitude values of the Fourier-transformed output signals X l org and X firg can be calculated on a data point-by- pixel basis or as a vector, at least value pairs of angles ⁇ and magnitude values ⁇ are to be determined therefrom.
  • step S4 a histogram is calculated from the value pairs ⁇ and ⁇ , which is smoothed in step S5.
  • step S6 the determination of the maximums of the histogram follows, whereby either a predetermined number or all maxima above a threshold value are used.
  • step S7 the determination of the desired mixing ratios then takes place on the basis of the determined angles.
  • FIG. 4 shows a flow chart for source separation. Based on the transformation signals X x, X 2, and optionally X 4 and X 5, as well as the residual signal X 3, the minima and maxima for each frequency bin is calculated (step SB). In a further embodiment, the Fourier transform of the output signals X l org and X 2jorg and optionally X 3 org and X 4 org may additionally be taken into account.
  • step S9 the maximum value of the frequency bin or the respective column is set in each frequency bin at the location of the minimum value, all other values are assigned either a zero value or the hold value P h ' old , as described above.
  • step 10 the respective phase of the transformation signals X, X 2 , X 4 and X 5 is assigned to each non-zero value of the individual signals S, S 2 , S 4 and S 5 .
  • the assignment is based on the numbering of the frequency bins. If the frequency bin 28 of the individual signal 5 has a value other than zero, this receives the phase of the frequency bin 28 of the transformation signal ⁇ . Due to the
  • FIG. 6 shows a scatter plot of the amplitudes of two mixed output signals X 1 and X 2 , wherein the output signals X 1 and X 2 are mutually shifted sinusoidal signals.
  • a scatter plot represents pairs of values, whereby the value pairs are formed on the basis of the number of the data point, so to speak of the data bin.
  • the first point of the data point of the output signal X ⁇ has a first amplitude and the first data point of the output signal X 2 an equal or a different amplitude. These two amplitudes are used to set a point in the scatter plot 9.
  • a multiplicity of data points in each case of the output signal X 1 and of the output signal X 2 the same number of data-point pairs is produced.
  • the amplitude of the output signal X, and indicated on the axis 11, the amplitude of the output signal X 2 By using, for example, 4096 data points on the output signal X ⁇ and the output signal X 2 , one obtains 4096 pairs of data points.
  • FIG. 7 shows a correspondingly formed scattergram 14, wherein the output signals X ! and X 2, however, were Fourier transformed and the amplitudes of the signals according to were calculated.
  • the magnitude of the amplitude of X l org ie the Fourier transform of the output signal X 1 ( and the magnitude of the amplitude of X lfir are plotted on axis 15.
  • the mixing ratios are obtained
  • the output signals Xi and X 2 of the A scattering diagram is used to determine a histogram from the pairs of angles ⁇ and vector ⁇ in which the angles are shortened to an integer and corresponding frequencies are derived therefrom Angles from each pair of points this results in a single frequency for the histogram.
  • This histogram is smoothed with a smoothing function, reducing the number of local minima and maxima.
  • a smoothing function for example, the function
  • Such a smoothed histogram is shown in FIG. On the axis 19 are given in degrees, from 0 ° to 90 °, while on the axis 20, the respective frequencies are shown.
  • the histogram 21 has an absolute maximum 22 and several local maximum 23, 24 and 25.
  • the number of frequencies is sorted by the maximum 22 has the largest value, followed by the maxima 25, 24 and 23. From these maxima is starting from the Maximum with the highest frequencies either a predetermined number selected, for example, for two maxima the maximum 22 and 25. However, so long maxima can be selected as long as the frequency is above a threshold. If one uses this, for example, at 10, then further calculations for the maxima 22, 25 and 24, but not for the maximum 23, which is below this threshold.
  • Every maximum stands for an angle.
  • the maximum 22 for example for 18 ° and the maximum 25 for 72 °.
  • V N ton ( N ).
  • N is the index of the source signal to be extracted.
  • the determination of the mixing ratios is completed on the basis of a direction information.
  • the determination of the subtraction signals X l and X 2 is carried out according to the formula given above, in particular the subtraction signals X y and X 2 can also be determined in blocks.
  • a predefined set of data points for example 4096 data points each of the output signals and X 2 to subtraction signals X and X 2 can be calculated using the mixing ratios.
  • the subtraction signals ⁇ and X 2 are Fourier-transformed according to the overlap-add method shown in FIG.
  • the numerical value 2048 results from the fact that it is half of the data points used for Fourier transformation.
  • the number of data points of the data blocks 26 to 29 thus results from the number of data points of a data block 30 to 33.
  • the data block 30 is composed of the data blocks 26 and 27 and accordingly has twice the number of data points of a data block 26 or 27.
  • This data block 30 is the data block which is Fourier-transformed.
  • the data block 31 consists of the data blocks 27 and 28, the data block 32 of the data blocks 28 and the following data block.
  • the data block 27 is thus contained in the data block 30 and 31, the data block 18 in the data block 31 and 32nd
  • the data blocks 30, 31, 32 and 33 are multiplied by a Hanning window. As a result, leakage effects in the Fourier transformation can be minimized.
  • FIG. 10 shows a 3D amplitude spectrum of the transformation signals,, X 2 and of the residual value signal X 1.
  • the respective number is a frequency bin, that is a numbered point in the vector of a signal shown, while on axis 36 of the amount value is indicated.
  • Axis 37 indicates the respective amount values.
  • In place 38 is the signal X-. in place 39 the signal and in place 40 the signal
  • the signals shown in FIG. 10 were determined from two pure sinusoidal signals. For real signals, more or less all frequency bins are filled, but for purposes of illustration the sinusoidal signals are particularly suitable. From the illustration in FIG. 10 it follows directly that the signals X, X, and X each have only three peaks which are of different heights but otherwise have only zeros.
  • 11 shows a 3D amplitude spectrum of the individual signals S lt S 2 and the residual signal mixture S 3 .
  • the axis 35 again indicates the frequency bin and the axis 36 the amount.
  • the obtained individual signals are plotted on the axis 42. In place 43 is the single signal IsJ, at position 44, the residual signal ⁇ s 3 ⁇ and 45 instead of the single signal ⁇ S 2 ⁇ .
  • To the respective non-zero digits of the individual signals and are from the transformation signals ⁇ and X 2 still each use the phases in order to be able to Fourier transform the individual signals and backward.
  • FIG. 12 schematically shows the extraction of the individual signals from the transformation signals X, X 2 and the residual value signal X 3 .
  • the vector 46 is there
  • the single signal S i shown in vector 50, the single signal S 2 shown in vector 51 and the residual signal S 3 shown in vector 52 result as follows:
  • the minimum lies in vector 48, since the numbers 5 and 7 are greater than 1.
  • the following values are therefore used in the frequency bin 1 of the corresponding vectors 50, 51 and 52: instead of the minimum value 1, the maximum value 7 is set. This is therefore to be set to the frequency bin 1 of the vector 52.
  • the remaining values in frequency bin 1, viz. In vectors 50 and 51, are set to zero. The minimum consideration thus takes place column wise, data pointwise or frequency binwise.
  • vector 50 the values or minimum values for vector 46 are collected, in vector 51 those for vector 47 and in vector 52 those for vector 48.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
  • Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
  • Complex Calculations (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour déterminer au moins deux signaux individuels à partir d'au moins deux signaux de sortie formés à partir d'au moins deux signaux source. Ce procédé consiste à déterminer les rapports de mélange d'au moins deux signaux source sur les signaux de sortie, multiplier les signaux de sortie par des facteurs formés à partir des rapports de mélange et à déterminer au moins deux signaux de soustraction à partir des signaux de sortie de façon à éliminer un signal source dans chaque signal de soustraction, appliquer une transformée de Fourier aux signaux de soustraction, ce qui génère des signaux de transformée à partir desquels est déterminé un signal résiduel, calculer au moins deux signaux individuels sur la base des signaux de transformée et du signal résiduel et appliquer une transformée de Fourier inverse aux signaux individuels.
PCT/DE2013/000788 2012-12-20 2013-12-10 Procédé pour déterminer au moins deux signaux individuels à partir d'au moins deux signaux de sortie Ceased WO2014094709A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2015548194A JP6163211B2 (ja) 2012-12-20 2013-12-10 少なくとも二つの出力信号から少なくとも二つの個別信号を算出する方法

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102012025016.9A DE102012025016B3 (de) 2012-12-20 2012-12-20 Verfahren zur Ermittlung wenigstens zweier Einzelsignale aus wenigstens zwei Ausgangssignalen
DE102012025016.9 2012-12-20

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WO2014094709A2 true WO2014094709A2 (fr) 2014-06-26
WO2014094709A3 WO2014094709A3 (fr) 2014-08-14

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DE102017106022A1 (de) 2017-03-21 2018-09-27 Ask Industries Gmbh Verfahren zur Ausgabe eines Audiosignals in einen Innenraum über eine einen linken und einen rechten Ausgabekanal umfassende Ausgabeeinrichtung
DE102017106048A1 (de) 2017-03-21 2018-09-27 Ask Industries Gmbh Verfahren zur Erzeugung und Ausgabe eines akustischen Mehrkanalsignals
CN110278721B (zh) 2018-01-18 2021-10-12 Ask工业有限公司 用于将描绘音乐作品的音频信号经由输出装置输出到内部空间中的方法
CN111972928B (zh) * 2020-08-21 2023-01-24 浙江指云信息技术有限公司 一种具有环绕音场的助睡眠枕头及其调控方法

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US5870480A (en) * 1996-07-19 1999-02-09 Lexicon Multichannel active matrix encoder and decoder with maximum lateral separation
JP2009282536A (ja) * 2003-05-30 2009-12-03 National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology 既知音響信号除去方法及び装置
JP4580210B2 (ja) * 2004-10-19 2010-11-10 ソニー株式会社 音声信号処理装置および音声信号処理方法
US7912232B2 (en) * 2005-09-30 2011-03-22 Aaron Master Method and apparatus for removing or isolating voice or instruments on stereo recordings

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JP6163211B2 (ja) 2017-07-12
JP2016504622A (ja) 2016-02-12
WO2014094709A3 (fr) 2014-08-14
DE102012025016B3 (de) 2014-05-08

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