WO2014146861A1 - Système de production d'énergie et procédé de fonctionnement - Google Patents

Système de production d'énergie et procédé de fonctionnement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014146861A1
WO2014146861A1 PCT/EP2014/053446 EP2014053446W WO2014146861A1 WO 2014146861 A1 WO2014146861 A1 WO 2014146861A1 EP 2014053446 W EP2014053446 W EP 2014053446W WO 2014146861 A1 WO2014146861 A1 WO 2014146861A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fluid
exhaust
stream
fuel
downstream
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Ceased
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PCT/EP2014/053446
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English (en)
Inventor
Anders STUXBERG
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
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Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
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Publication of WO2014146861A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014146861A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/005—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for the working fluid being steam, created by combustion of hydrogen with oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • F01K7/22—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type the turbines having inter-stage steam heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/38—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating the engines being of turbine type
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/32—Direct CO2 mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a power generation system comprising
  • said steam cycle comprises at least one first tur- bine expanding at least a part of said first exhaust-fluid- stream, namely a third exhaust-fluid-stream,
  • said steam cycle comprises at least one first con ⁇ denser downstream said first steam turbine condensing at least a part of said third exhaust-fluid-stream, namely a seventh exhaust-fluid-stream,
  • said steam cycle comprises at least a first feed- water-pump downstream of said first condenser delivering at least a part of said seventh exhaust-fluid-stream, namely a ninth exhaust-fluid-stream.
  • the oxygen containing gas is basically pure oxygen with minor impurities generated by for example an air separation unit, which can be of conventional membrane type.
  • an oxy-fuel-burner is characterized by burning basically a fuel with an oxygen con ⁇ taining gas wherein said oxygen containing gas has signifi- cant higher oxygen content than ambient air and wherein oxy ⁇ gen is its main component and wherein said oxygen containing gas is preferably pure oxygen with some impurities.
  • This oxy ⁇ gen containing gas may contain some further additives but its main component is preferably oxygen.
  • the total efficiency of a conventional power generation sys ⁇ tem with an oxy-fuel-burner is significantly below the effi- ciency of an ordinary power generation system if the energy consumption of the air separation unit is considered.
  • the ef ⁇ ficiency is therefore to be improved to make this technology economically feasible and to have a positive effect on the environment .
  • the object of enhancing the efficiency of the incipiently de ⁇ fined power generation system is achieved by a power generation system according to the incipiently mentioned type with the further features of the characterizing portion of claim 1. Further the object is achieved by a method of the incipi- ently mentioned type with the further features of the charac ⁇ terizing portion of the independent method claim.
  • One essential aspect of the proposed improvement of the power generation system respectively the method according to the invention is the addition of heat exchangers for preheating of the re-circulated feed water submitted to the oxy-fuel- burner for mixing into the exhaust stream. According to the invention by preheating with extraction steam the cycle performance is improved.
  • the steam respective ⁇ ly exhaust-fluid taken from the steam turbine (s) contains carbon-dioxide in a substantial concentration, typically more than 5%, preferably about 10% by volume, which makes the cy ⁇ cle much different from a conventional steam cycle.
  • the car ⁇ bon-dioxide led to the pre-heaters is preferably separated from the pre-heaters and then collected to be routed to an export carbon-dioxide stream.
  • a carbon-dioxide compression process for the delivery to a final user - for example enhanced oil recovery or methane synthesis - is inte ⁇ grated in the power generation system respectively method.
  • a further beneficial improvement of the process according to the invention is obtained by providing a recuperator respectively first heat exchanger downstream said oxy-fuel-burner before the exhaust-fluid enters a steam turbine.
  • This heat exchanger respectively recuperator re-heats steam respective- ly exhaust-fluid that has passed a first expansion through said steam turbine, wherein the exhaust-fluid from said oxy- fuel-burner is heating the exhaust-fluid from said steam turbine.
  • This heat exchanger provides a certain protection for the downstream steam turbine as it provides some heat capaci- ty damping thermal gradients from upstream equipment control variations or disturbances. Further this heat exchanger as ⁇ sist in protecting the turbine from possible water droplets carried over from said oxy-fuel-burner .
  • Said oxy-fuel-burner according to the invention is basically a gas generator generating an exhaust gas respectively ex ⁇ haust fluid from a fuel burned with essentially pure oxygen.
  • This exhaust gas is referred to as exhaust-fluid since it might contain liquid components or parts of the fluid might condense to a liquid.
  • a control unit con- trols the position of said adjustable valve in the recircula ⁇ tion line according to a temperature measurement upstream a turbine of the power generation system.
  • This control unit is designed such that it receives the measurement results from temperature measurement and submits control signals to said control valve.
  • the control method preferably is designed such that the valve opens further when exceeding a temperature limit is recognized. Further the valve control unit can be designed such that upper limits of temperature increases re ⁇ spectively steep temperature transients in a turbine of the power generation system are avoided.
  • Another preferred embodiment provides a degasification port at said at least one feed water pre-heater to collect gaseous carbon-dioxide from the condensing exhaust-fluid.
  • Another preferred embodiment of the invention provides an air separation unit upstream of said oxy-fuel-burner to preferably separate oxygen from ambient air to be burned with a fuel in said oxy-fuel-burner .
  • This air separation unit can be of a membrane type.
  • figure 1 shows a schematic flow diagram of an oxy fuel power plant comprising the arrangement accord ⁇ ing to the invention and depicting the method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic depiction of a simplified flow dia ⁇ gram showing a power generation system and illustrating a method according to the invention.
  • Fuel F and oxygen O 2 from an air separation unit ASU are both elevated to a higher pressure level by compressors CI, C2, C3, C4, C5 which com ⁇ pressors CI, C2, C3, C4, C5 are respectively provided with intercoolers INT1, INT2, INT3 before both fluids are injected in an oxy-fuel-burner OXB at a pressure of 150bar.
  • said oxy-fuel-burner OXB which can also be considered as a gas generator - combustion takes place of said fuel F with said oxygen O 2 generating exhaust gas hereinafter referred to as exhaust-fluid.
  • the exhaust-fluid - namely a first exhaust- fluid-stream EXHl - exits said oxy-fuel-burner OXB and enters a first heat exchanger HEX1.
  • the temperature of said first exhaust-fluid-stream EXHl is adjusted by controlling a flow of evaporating media to the oxy-fuel-burner OXB to be boiled off and thus cool the exhaust-fluid to the right temperature to subsequently enter a second steam turbine ST2.
  • Downstream said first exchanger HEX1 said first exhaust- fluid-stream EXHl is expanded in said second steam turbine ST2, which is a high pressure steam turbine (high pressure means that this pressure level is higher than the pressure level of the downstream turbine) .
  • the first exhaust-fluid-stream EXHl exiting said second steam turbine ST2 is divided in a second exhaust-fluid-stream EXH2 and a third exhaust-fluid-stream EXH3, wherein approximately above 90% of said first exhaust-fluid-stream EXH1 becomes said third exhaust-fluid-stream EXH3.
  • said third exhaust- fluid-stream EXH3 enters said first heat exchanger HEX1 to be reheated taking thermal energy from said first exhaust-fluid- stream EXH1 coming from said oxy-fuel-burner OXB .
  • said third exhaust-fluid-stream EXH3 en-ters a first steam turbine ST1 to be expanded from approxi ⁇ mately 40bar pressure down to a pressure of 0.2bar.
  • Said first turbine ST1 comprises several extractions of exhaust- fluid-streams so that said expanded third exhaust-fluid- stream EXH3 is reduced to a seventh exhaust-fluid-stream EXH7 by extraction of a fourth exhaust-fluid-stream EXH4, extraction of a fifth exhaust-fluid-stream EXH5 and extraction of a sixth exhaust-fluid-stream EXH6.
  • said seventh exhaust-fluid-stream EXH7 is partly liquefied in a first condenser CON1, which is equipped with a degasifier to separate said seventh exhaust-fluid-stream EXH7 into a gaseous eighth exhaust-fluid-stream EXH8 and a liquid ninth exhaust-fluid-stream EXH9 both exiting said first condenser CON1.
  • Said eighth exhaust-fluid-stream EXH8 is basically gaseous carbon-dioxide and compressed in an intercooled multistage compressor consisting of the stages CP1, CP2, CP3 and the intercooling heat exchangers INT3, INT4.
  • Said multi ⁇ stage compressor MCP receives further gaseous streams of car ⁇ bon-dioxide at several intermediate pressure levels of com ⁇ pression to be compressed for subsequent usage, here indicat- ed as storage STO.
  • said ninth exhaust- fluid-stream EXH9 Downstream said first condensers CON1 said ninth exhaust- fluid-stream EXH9 it delivered to a higher pressure level by a first feed water pump FWP1.
  • said ninth exhaust-fluid-stream EXH9 is split into a tenth exhaust-fluid-stream EXH10 - which basically consists of liquid water H20 - and an eleventh exhaust-fluid-stream EXH11, which enters a downstream mixing pre-heater and degasifier MPD.
  • said eleventh exhaust-fluid-stream EXH11 mixes with said sixth exhaust-fluid-stream EXH6 extracted from said first steam turbine ST1 to increase the temperature and further mixes with a 22nd exhaust-fluid-stream EXH22, which is throttled by a valve TH3 into said mixing pre-heater and
  • the gaseous amount generated in said mixing pre-heater and degasifier MPD is directed to said multistage compressor MCP as a twelfth exhaust-fluid-stream EXH12.
  • the liquid amount from said mixing pre-heater and degasifier MPD is delivered to a downstream second feed-water-pump FWP2 as a thirteenth exhaust-fluid-stream EXH13. Further downstream said thirteenth exhaust-fluid-stream EXH13 is heated-up in a second sub-cooler SC02 exchanging heat with said 22th ex- haust-fluid-stream EXH22 before it enters said mixing pre- heater and degasifier MPD.
  • said thirteenth exhaust-fluid-stream EXH13 enters a first feed water pre- heater WPH1, a first sub-cooler SCOl, a second feed water pre-heater WPH2, a third heat exchanger HEX3 and a third feed water pre-heater WPH3 and a second heat exchanger HEX2.
  • said thirteenth exhaust- fluid-stream EXH13 joins into said recirculation line RCL through an adjustable valve WSV to be injected into said oxy- fuel-burner OXB to adjust the temperature of said first ex- haust-fluid-stream EXH1 as said above mentioned cooling media .
  • Said third feed water pre-heater WPH3 is heated by said se ⁇ cond exhaust-fluid-stream EXH2 extracted from said second steam turbine ST2 downstream passing said second heat ex ⁇ changer HEX2 transferring thermal energy to said thirteenth exhaust-fluid-stream EXH13.
  • Said third feed water pre-heater WPH3 splits the hot side of this heat exchange into a gaseous component supplied to the multistage compressor MCP as an eighteenth exhaust-fluid-stream EXH18.
  • the liquid component of the hot side of the third feed water pre-heater WPH3 is provided as a heating fluid through a first throttle TH1 into said second feed water pre-heater WPH2.
  • Said second feed water pre-heater WPH2 subsequently receives said fourth exhaust-fluid-stream EXH4 from said first steam turbine ST1 to heat-up said thirteenth exhaust-fluid-stream EXH13.
  • Said second feed water pre-heater WPH2 discharges a gaseous sixteenth exhaust-fluid-stream EXH16 - consisting basically of carbon-dioxide - and a liquid 21st exhaust-fluid-stream EXH21 both resulting from said incoming fourth exhaust-fluid- stream EXH4 and 20 th exhaust-fluid-stream EXH20.
  • Said 21th exhaust-fluid-stream EXH21 enters the heating side of said first sub-cooler SCOl and further downstream enters said first feed water pre-heater WPH1 through a second throttle valve TH2 on the heating side.
  • Said first steam turbine ST1 and said second steam turbine ST2 both drive at least one generator GEN to produce electrical power.
  • a direct drive can be provided for example for a compressor or any other unit to be driven.
  • Said first condenser CON1 can be cooled by ambient air, ambi ⁇ ent water from a sea or a river or it can be a water spray condenser cooling the fluid to be condensed by water jet.
  • Wa ⁇ ter can be provided by for example water extracted from said power generation system cooled and re-injected.
  • a water treatment WT can be inserted for example in said recir ⁇ culation line RCL .
  • said water treatment WT can be inserted upstream of the extraction of water H20 as the tenth exhaust-fluid-stream EXH10. This location would also improve the quality of water to be extracted for any potential subsequent usage.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de production d'énergie (PGS) comprenant : un brûleur oxycombustible (OXB), un cycle à vapeur (RC), une conduite de recirculation (RCL) extrayant une partie dudit fluide d'échappement dudit cycle à vapeur (RC) et fournissant ledit flux de fluide d'échappement audit brûleur oxycombustible (OXB). Pour améliorer l'efficacité, un système et un procédé sont proposés. Ledit procédé comprend les étapes consistant à - prévoir au moins un premier préchauffeur d'eau d'alimentation (WPH1) et ledit cycle à vapeur (RC) rejoignant dans ladite conduite de recirculation (RCL) en aval ledit ou lesdits premiers préchauffeurs d'eau d'alimentation (WPH1), - extraire un dixième de flux de fluide d'échappement (EXH10) dudit cycle à vapeur (RC) en aval de ladite première pompe à eau d'alimentation (FWP1) et, - extraire un huitième de flux de fluide d'échappement (EXH8) en tant que dioxyde de carbone en aval dudit premier condensateur (CON1), - ledit au moins un premier préchauffeur d'eau d'alimentation (WPH1) étant chauffé avec un flux de fluide d'échappement extrait de ladite première turbine à vapeur (ST1), à savoir un cinquième dudit flux de fluide d'échappement (EXH5).
PCT/EP2014/053446 2013-03-21 2014-02-21 Système de production d'énergie et procédé de fonctionnement Ceased WO2014146861A1 (fr)

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EP13160404.3 2013-03-21

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US (1) US20160010511A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2951406A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2016519239A (fr)
CN (1) CN105051328A (fr)
WO (2) WO2014146861A1 (fr)

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CN109723557B (zh) * 2019-01-28 2023-08-01 华北电力大学 集成太阳能甲烷干式重整的富氧燃烧二氧化碳发电系统
CN115234318B (zh) * 2022-09-22 2023-01-31 百穰新能源科技(深圳)有限公司 配合火电厂深度调峰的二氧化碳储能系统及其控制方法

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CN105051328A (zh) 2015-11-11

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