WO2014147075A1 - Capacité de transport accrue dans un conteneur - Google Patents

Capacité de transport accrue dans un conteneur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014147075A1
WO2014147075A1 PCT/EP2014/055419 EP2014055419W WO2014147075A1 WO 2014147075 A1 WO2014147075 A1 WO 2014147075A1 EP 2014055419 W EP2014055419 W EP 2014055419W WO 2014147075 A1 WO2014147075 A1 WO 2014147075A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
container
pallets
fan
longitudinal direction
reefer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2014/055419
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Gert JØRGENSEN
Lars LÜBKER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Maersk Container Industri AS
Original Assignee
Maersk Container Industri AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Maersk Container Industri AS filed Critical Maersk Container Industri AS
Priority to US14/778,023 priority Critical patent/US20160282033A1/en
Priority to CN201480016661.1A priority patent/CN105247303B/zh
Priority to DK14710589.4T priority patent/DK2976582T3/en
Priority to EP14710589.4A priority patent/EP2976582B1/fr
Publication of WO2014147075A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014147075A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D17/00—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces
    • F25D17/04—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection
    • F25D17/06—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection by forced circulation
    • F25D17/067—Evaporator fan units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B5/00—Packaging individual articles in containers or receptacles, e.g. bags, sacks, boxes, cartons, cans, jars
    • B65B5/10—Filling containers or receptacles progressively or in stages by introducing successive articles, or layers of articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/74—Large containers having means for heating, cooling, aerating or other conditioning of contents
    • B65D88/745—Large containers having means for heating, cooling, aerating or other conditioning of contents blowing or injecting heating, cooling or other conditioning fluid inside the container
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D19/00—Axial-flow pumps
    • F04D19/002—Axial flow fans
    • F04D19/005—Axial flow fans reversible fans
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/16—Combinations of two or more pumps ; Producing two or more separate gas flows
    • F04D25/166—Combinations of two or more pumps ; Producing two or more separate gas flows using fans
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D11/00—Self-contained movable devices, e.g. domestic refrigerators
    • F25D11/003—Transport containers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D19/00—Arrangement or mounting of refrigeration units with respect to devices or objects to be refrigerated, e.g. infrared detectors
    • F25D19/003—Arrangement or mounting of refrigeration units with respect to devices or objects to be refrigerated, e.g. infrared detectors with respect to movable containers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D21/00—Defrosting; Preventing frosting; Removing condensed or defrost water
    • F25D21/06—Removing frost
    • F25D21/08—Removing frost by electric heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2317/00—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F25D2317/06—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation
    • F25D2317/063—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation with air guides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2317/00—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F25D2317/06—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation
    • F25D2317/068—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation characterised by the fans
    • F25D2317/0681—Details thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2317/00—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F25D2317/06—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation
    • F25D2317/068—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation characterised by the fans
    • F25D2317/0684—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation characterised by the fans the fans allowing rotation in reverse direction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a reefer container for shipping goods placed on pallets, which container comprises:
  • reefer machine further comprising one or more evaporators and one or more fans for transporting cooling air into the container;
  • an evaporator is placed above a fan in an air circulating system for cooling the air in the container.
  • the invention further relates to a method for loading a reefer container with pallets.
  • reefer machines When constructing reefer containers for shipping goods it is common that a reefer machine for the reefer container have been manufactured and sold by different companies.
  • the reefer machine has been installed in the front frame of the container by means of bolts or rivets or similar fastening means.
  • a frame for supporting the reefer machine in the container has usually been manufactured in aluminium, and the front frame of the container has been built in steel.
  • the reefer machines used for reefer containers have so far always been provided with a plenum for the cold air delivery on a back side of the reefer machine.
  • a further disadvantage by using asynchronous motors is that they are producing too much heat due to their low efficiency. In order to compensate for this undesirable add-on heat, the evaporator needs to run at a lower temperature which will cause a lowering of the relative humidity in the supply air.
  • the overall purpose of creating more space for cargo within the container can be obtained by redesigning the reefer machine.
  • the width of the evaporator is extended to full width or near full width of the interior of the container. This provides also the possibility of directing the airflow into side-channels instead of using the state of the art solution which would be to use a plenum on the back side of the machine. Placing the evaporator above the fan or fans and thereby sucking the air through the evaporator instead of pushing it through, provides a better distribution of air through the evaporator.
  • the one or more evaporator fans are placed in one or more ducts and that the one or more fan motors can be controlled.
  • each fan motor can be controlled together with the other fan motors within the container or independently.
  • the ducts are arranged between a central part of the reefer machine and a sidewall of the container. Further the fan or fans being placed in one or more ducts raise the fan efficiency.
  • the overall aim of the invention is to gain more space within the reefer container to be able to make room for more goods.
  • the improved design makes it possible to design the reefer machine in a narrower layout than ordinary reefer machines. Further a redesign of the door or doors of the reefer container where also a narrower layout of doors are obtained, enough space are gained within the container to rearrange the positions of pallets within the container to arrange for at least one more of such pallets in the container.
  • Doors on reefer containers are traditionally constructed as a sandwich construction with an outer steel panel, an inner lining of aluminium or stainless steel and an insulating material in the core, often polyurethane foam. In order to provide the necessary strength, reinforcement profiles are added to the outer steel panel and extending into the foam. A door constructed after this known principle is shown in figure 10.
  • the internal reinforcement profiles make the construction more complicated due to extra components, whereby weight and cost is increased. Secondly these internal reinforcements protrude into the isolative core, reducing the insulation value of the door by forming a thermal bridge. A typical thickness of a reefer door is 75 - 90mnn. Additionally a door locking gear is bolted onto this door sandwich, further increasing door thickness.
  • the thickness of the isolating foam layer corresponds to a distance from the inner lining of the door to a protruding end of the internal reinforcement profiles of a door according to prior art.
  • a corrugated door panel will allow the door locking gear to be placed between the corrugations, reducing the total thickness of the door. Placing locking gear on level with the outer door panel will protect them from impact and reduce the risk of damage.
  • the insulation value of the door sandwich is the same as a traditional door design, even though the door panel provided with depressions reduces sandwich thickness.
  • the thin door design will maintain same insulating value, while reducing overall thickness and protecting the locking gear.
  • a panel forming the outer side of the door is provided with one or more depressions, which depressions extend in a substantially vertical direction.
  • the thickness of an isolating foam layer corresponds to a distance between the inner lining of a prior art door to a protruding end of the internal reinforcement profiles.
  • a door panel provided with depressions will allow a door locking gear to be placed in a depression, reducing the total thickness of the door. Placing locking gear on level with the outer door panel will protect them from impact and reduce the risk of damage.
  • the insulation value of the door sandwich is the same as a traditional door design, even though the door panel provided with depressions reduces sandwich thickness.
  • the thin door design will maintain same insulating value, while reducing overall thickness and protecting the locking gear.
  • the depressions in the door protrudes into the core of insulating material, which supports the strength and stability of the door.
  • the insulating material comprises polyurethane foam.
  • the door is provided with a locking gear placed in one or more depressions, which locking gear comprises a locking rod and a handle for operating the locking rod into a locked position by sliding the locking rod into a grove or hole in an upper and/or lower part of the container to be able to close the door or doors.
  • the locking gear is provided with one or more handles, which handles are placed within the depression in a locked position.
  • the outer side of the door comprises a panel made of steel.
  • the inner lining is placed in a frame forming the outer perimeter of the door.
  • the lining can be fastened to the frame by screws, rivets, bolts, welding or by use of other mechanical means.
  • the lining can be fastened to the frame by using adhesive components.
  • the lining can also be fastened by the adhesive effect from foaming of the isolating material in the core of the door or a combination of both fastening methods.
  • the outer side of the door can be fastened to the frame in similar manner.
  • the inner side of the door comprises a lining of aluminium.
  • the inner side of the door comprises a lining of stainless steel.
  • the inner side of the door comprises a lining of fibreglass.
  • the inner side of the door comprises a lining of thermoplastics.
  • the inner side of the door comprises a lining of thermosetting resin. In an alternative embodiment the inner side of the door comprises a lining of thermosetting plastic.
  • the inner side of the door comprises a lining of fiber reinforced plastics.
  • one or more hinges is fastened to a depression of the door.
  • one or more hinges are fastened to an internal side of the door through a slot in an edge portion of the door.
  • the invention is also achieved by a method for loading a reefer container with pallets, where at least eleven pallets of ISO 2 type or fourteen pallets of ISO 1 type are placed in the container with a longitudinal direction of the pallets going in a direction crosswise in direction of a longitudinal direction of the container and at least ten pallets of ISO 2 type or ten pallets of ISO 1 type are placed in the container with the longitudinal direction of the pallets going in a direction parallel with the longitudinal direction the container.
  • the pallets of ISO 2 type are placed in two rows within the container, a first row comprising nine pallets placed in the container with a longitudinal direction of the pallets going in a direction crosswise in relation to a longitudinal direction of the container and two pallets placed in the container with the longitudinal direction of the pallets going in a direction parallel with the longitudinal direction the container and a second row comprising eight pallets placed in the container with the longitudinal direction of the pallets going in a direction parallel with the longitudinal direction the container and two pallets placed in the container with a longitudinal direction of the pallets going in a direction crosswise in relation to a longitudinal direction of the container.
  • a container according to the invention loaded with goods on pallets according to the above can contain a pallet more than known containers.
  • evaporator fan motors downstream from the evaporator, the fans are highly exposed to cold air, high air velocities and various humidity levels. All combinations of the above may arise around the evaporator fan motors causing frost and ice to form on wings of the fan, on walls of air channels, on brackets etc.
  • water traps are placed below the evaporator. Water from the water traps can be drained and discharged to the outside of the container or the water can be reintroduced into the environment in the container to maintain a certain humidity level.
  • the defrost function is further provided with heaters placed in the air channel surface near each evaporator fan motor. These heaters can be energised along with the traditional evaporator heaters (placed just below the evaporator coil) or they can be energised separately, fully or in pulses, whichever is required in the situation.
  • the evaporator fan motors are stopped during a defrost session to allow warm air and heat from the energised heaters to pass upwards through the ice blocked evaporator. Since the traditional transport container refrigeration system has evaporator motors placed above the evaporator, the ice issue around the fan wings and fan motors are not creating problems. When the evaporator fans are installed below the evaporator, the possible water leaks and ice building around the fans could be thawed by the heaters, but if the fan motors are allowed to run slowly in either forward or reverse direction at the same time, heat distribution will increase in the air channels, below the evaporator and through the evaporator.
  • the air flow should be kept at such a level that the heat does not enter the cargo space. This is achieved by a defrost system where heating elements are provided in a duct at a perimeter of the fan, or at a rim surrounding the fan at its perimeter. In an embodiment one or more evaporator heaters are placed below the evaporator coil or coils.
  • the heating elements can be energised separately, fully or in pulses, adapted to the situation.
  • the fan or fans are provided with heating elements in fan blades or wings.
  • a hub of the fan can be provided with heating elements and heat from the hub is transferred to the blades or wings of the fan due to the heat transmission of the selected materials or heat transmitting materials provided within the blades or wings of the fan.
  • the fan or fans are powered by permanent magnet motors.
  • a protruding surface and an edge forming a trap for trapping liquid or ice is provided above the one or more fans.
  • the edge has a rounded shape.
  • the edge forms a groove or gutter for collection of water and ice.
  • power draft of the one or more fan motors are monitored and an increase in power draft implies that the heating elements are following activated.
  • the fan or fans are arranged together with a motor in a unit for removal or exchange during maintenance.
  • Ice forming can be reduced when fan motors are allowed to run slowly in either forward and/or reverse direction at the same time increasing the heat distribution in air channels or ducts, below the evaporator and through the evaporator, and keeping air flow at a sufficient low level ensuring that only little heat, preferably no heat enters a cargo space in the container.
  • fan motors are run in such a way that the heated air is circulated within the refrigerating system by letting one fan blow heated air in one direction and let another fan blow heated air in the opposite direction.
  • the heated air can circulate through the air channels or ducts and through the evaporator, without entering the cargo space.
  • the heating elements for heating the ducts in an area near to the fan are energised separately.
  • the heating elements in the ducts can be energised separately from each other.
  • the heating elements are energised in pulses.
  • Fan wing ice block prevention is a feature used to protect the evaporator fan motors when starting in cold ambient temperatures or in other situations, which has consequences in terms of ice building on or near the evaporator fan wings.
  • Torque and power consumption of the motors, when the evaporator fan motors are energised for the first time during a start-up procedure is measured and should be below predefined limits.
  • One or more ducts can be provided with a guiding system in a maintenance or service opening in the duct for guiding and supporting a fan unit within the duct.
  • the guiding system can be provided by a notch or groove in the perimeter of the duct and a corresponding ridge or spline provided at the rim of the fan unit or vice versa.
  • the fan unit is powered by electrical wires and a plug and socket can be provided within the service opening making it possible to disconnect the wire and to remove the fan and motor as a unit.
  • the wiring can be fastened to fastening elements by means of one or more struts or ribs fastening the fan motor to the rim or the wiring can be established through the one or more struts or ribs.
  • the power can be provided to the fan motor through connectors (not shown) moulded into one or more struts or ribs connecting the fan motor to the rim.
  • an insert is provided with an inner part having a shape corresponding to the duct in such a way that the insert forms part forms part of the duct when inserted in the duct.
  • the insert can be provided with a plate for giving the insert a plane outer surface which is substantially level with the outer surface of the reefer machine.
  • Figure 1 shows schematically a prior art arrangement of a reefer machine for a reefer container
  • Figure 2 shows schematically airflow through an arrangement of a reefer machine for a reefer container according to the invention
  • Figure 3 shows schematically re-circulated airflow through an arrangement of a reefer machine for a reefer container according to an embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 4 shows schematically a loading scheme for ISO 2 pallets in a container relating to prior art
  • Figure 5 shows schematically an alternative loading scheme for ISO 2 pallets in a container relating to prior art:
  • Figure 6 shows schematically a loading scheme for ISO 1 pallets in a container relating to prior art
  • Figure 7 shows schematically a loading scheme for ISO 2 pallets in a container according to the invention
  • Figure 8 shows schematically a loading scheme for ISO 1 pallets in a container according to the invention
  • Figure 9 shows schematically an embodiment of a loading scheme for ISO 1 pallets in a container according to the invention.
  • Figure 10 shows schematically another embodiment of a loading scheme for ISO 1 pallets in a container according to the invention
  • Figure 1 1 shows a door for a reefer container relating to prior art
  • Figure 12 shows a door for a reefer container according to the invention
  • Figure 13 shows schematically the refrigeration system of a reefer container from figure 2, showing in detail an embodiment of a part of a labyrinth or water trap having a protruding surface with a rounded edge;
  • Figure 14 shows schematically the refrigeration system of a reefer container from figure 2, showing in detail an embodiment of a part of a labyrinth or water trap having an edge with a rounded shape;
  • Figure 15 shows a reefer machine to be placed in the front end of a reefer container, which reefer machine is provided with openings for insertion and removal of one or more fans;
  • Figure 16 shows an enlarged view of an opening showed in figure 15.
  • a reefer machine 1 for a reefer container 14 according to prior art is schematically shown in figure 1 .
  • Evaporator fans 2 is normally placed in a plate (not shown) above an evaporator 3, thereby pushing air through the evaporator 3.
  • the plate separates intake air from the evaporator 3.
  • Such a prior art arrangement is shown in figure 1 .
  • Air 4 (shown by arrows) pushed through the evaporator 3 by the fans 2 is lead downwards through a central portion or plenum 5 of the reefer machine 1 and to a lower part 7 of the reefer machine 1 from where the air 4 is lead through a floor portion (not shown) of the container.
  • the floor portion of the container 14 is normally made as a T-floor with a plurality of grooves between T-shaped protrusions standing on a base, which grooves runs in a lengthwise direction of the container 14 whereby the T-shaped protrusions, forms a distance between the base and cargo placed on pallets on the floor of the container 14.
  • a void called a locker 6 At each side of the plenum 5 of the reefer machine 1 is a void called a locker 6.
  • voids or lockers 6 can for example be used for temperature sensors or the like. Generally the space in the lockers 6 is not utilised optimally.
  • more space within the container 14 is provided hence making it possible to place at least one more pallet of ISO type 15 or one more pallet of EUR type 16 within the container 14.
  • the overall purpose of creating more space for cargo within the container 14 can be obtained by redesigning the reefer machine 1 .
  • the width of the evaporator 3 is extended to full width or near full width of the interior of the container 14. This provides also the possibility of directing the airflow 4 into side-channels instead of using the state of the art solution which would be to use a plenum 5 on the back side of the machine 1 .
  • the ducts 8 are arranged between a central part 12 of the reefer machine 1 and a side or wall of the container 14 as shown in figure 2. Here the ducts 8 are arranged at both sides of the reefer machine 1 .
  • the central part 12 of the reefer machine 1 comprises at its outer side components (not shown) for operation of the reefer machine 1 .
  • the reefer machine 1 it is possible for the reefer machine 1 to have an extension in longitudinal direction of the container 14, which is smaller than a reefer machine in a container according to prior art.
  • the overall aim of the invention is to gain more space within the reefer container 14 to be able to make room for more pallets 15, 16.
  • Placement of one more pallet 15, 16 within a standard large reefer container will increase the loading capability with approximately 5%.
  • the improved design makes it possible to design the reefer machine 1 in a narrower layout than ordinary reefer machines 1 .
  • the pallets 15 of ISO 2 type are placed in two rows within the container 14, a first row comprising nine pallets 15 placed in the container 14 with a longitudinal direction of the pallets 15 going in a direction crosswise in relation to a longitudinal direction of the container 14 and two pallets 15 placed in the container 14 with the longitudinal direction of the pallets 15 going in a direction parallel with the longitudinal direction the container 14 and a second row comprising eight pallets 15 placed in the container 14 with the longitudinal direction of the pallets 15 going in a direction parallel with the longitudinal direction the container 14 and two pallets 15 placed in the container 14 with a longitudinal direction of the pallets going in a direction crosswise in relation to a longitudinal direction of the container 14.
  • Loading of a container with ISO 1 type pallets can be performed in three advantageous ways. If pallets 16 placed in the container 14 with a longitudinal direction of the pallets 16 going in a direction crosswise in relation to a longitudinal direction of the container 14 are given a reference A and pallets 16 placed in the container 14 with the longitudinal direction of the pallets 16 going in a direction parallel with the longitudinal direction the container are given a reference B, three advantageous loading schemes can be expressed as follows, when pallets are placed in two rows in the longitudinal direction of the container 14 as shown in figure 8 - 10:
  • a door 25 for a reefer container 14 comprises a frame 33, an outer steel panel 31 , an inner lining 32 of aluminium or stainless steel and a core 26.
  • An often used insulating material in the core 26 is polyurethane foam.
  • reinforcement profiles 27 are added to the outer steel panel 31 and extending into the foam of the core 26.
  • a door locking gear in shape of one or more hinges 28, locking rods 29 and handles 30 are bolted onto the door 25, further increasing door thickness since hinges 28, locking rods 29 and handles 30 protrudes from an outer side of the door 25. If these elements are to be kept level with an end portion of the container, the door 25 will have a certain protrusion into the container.
  • a door constructed after this known principle is shown in figure 10.
  • FIG. 1 1 A redesign of a door or doors 25 for a reefer container 14 (not shown in figures 9 and 10) with a more narrow layout of doors 25 is shown in figure 1 1 .
  • Such new doors are redesigned for providing enough space within the container to rearrange positioning of goods or goods placed on pallets 15, 16 within the container 14 to arrange for more goods or at least one more of such pallets 15, 16 in the container 14.
  • the aim of the invention is to be able to provide a door 25 which is narrower, having same isolating capacity and which is at least as stable as a traditional door 25.
  • Internal reinforcement profiles 27 make the construction more complicated due to extra components, whereby weight and cost is increased. Secondly these internal reinforcements 27 protrude into the isolative core 26, reducing the insulation value of the door 25 by forming a thermal bridge.
  • a typical thickness of a reefer door 25 is 75 - 90mm.
  • the thickness of the isolating foam layer 26 corresponds to a distance between the inner lining of the door 25 to a protruding end of the internal reinforcement profiles 27 in the prior art doors 25.
  • the door comprises a frame 33 to which is fastened an outer panel 31 and an inner lining 32, a core 26 of insulating material, one or more hinges 28 and locking gear 29, 30, where the outer panel 31 of the door 25 is provided with one or more depressions 34, which depressions extends in a substantially vertical direction.
  • the inner lining 32 is placed in a frame 33 forming an outer perimeter of the door 25.
  • the lining 32 can be fastened to the frame 33 by screws, rivets, bolts, clamping, welding or by using adhesive components.
  • the lining 32 can also be fastened by an adhesive effect from foaming of the isolating material in the core 26 of the door 25 or a combination of the above fastening methods.
  • the outer panel 31 of the door 25 can be fastened to the frame 33 in similar manner.
  • the depressions 34 in the door 25 protrude into the core 26 of insulating material.
  • the insulating material comprises polyurethane foam.
  • the door 25 is provided with a locking gear 29, 30 placed in one or more depressions 34, which locking gear 29, 30 comprises a locking rod 29 and a handle 30 for operating the locking rod 29 into a locked position by sliding the locking rod 29 into a grove or hole in an upper and/or lower part of the container to be able to close the door or doors 25.
  • the locking gear 29, 30 is provided with one or more handles 30, which handles 30 are placed within the depression 34 in a locked position.
  • the outer side of the door 25 comprises a panel 31 made of steel or another strong material able to withstand rough handling during transport and during loading and unloading of the container.
  • materials suitable for the outer side of the door can be aluminium or composite materials.
  • the inner side of the door 25 comprises a lining 32 of aluminium.
  • the inner side of the door 25 comprises a lining 32 of stainless steel.
  • one or more hinges 28 are fastened to a depression 34 of the door 25.
  • one or more hinges 28 are fastened to an internal side of the door 25 through a slot in an edge portion of the door 25 or in the frame 33.
  • a door panel 31 with one or more depressions 34 will allow the door locking gear 29, 30 to be placed in a depression 34, reducing the total thickness of the door 25. Placing locking gear 29, 30 in a depression 34 and thereby on level with the outer side of the door panel 31 will further protect them from impact and reduce the risk of damage.
  • the locking gear 29, 30 comprises a locking rod 29 and a handle 30 for operating the locking rod 29 into a locked position by sliding the locking rod 29 into a grove or hole in the upper and/or lower part of the container to be able to close the door or doors 25 in a secure manner.
  • the locking rod 29 can be guided for sliding by commonly known sleeves, bushings or similar fittings 35.
  • One or more hinges 28 are placed on the door 25 at a place at an outer edge where the thickness of the door 25 is reduced, for example by means of a Depression 34.
  • the hinge 28 could also be fastened to the door 25 by fastening the part of the hinge 28, which is fastened to the reduced thickness or depression of the door 25, on an internal side of the door 25 through a slot in an edge portion or the frame 33 of the door 25. Thereby the fastening part of the hinge will be adjacent to the core 26 of isolating material.
  • the insulation value of the door sandwich is the same as a traditional door design, even though the door panel 31 provided with depressions 34 reduces sandwich thickness.
  • the door 25 will have a protrusion into the container, which is smaller than the protrusion of a conventional door design.
  • the thin door design will maintain same insulating value, while reducing overall thickness and protecting the locking gear 29, 30.
  • a "labyrinth" or trap By shaping an area above the duct 8 and below the evaporator 3 as a "labyrinth" or trap (see figures 2, 13 and 14), water is prevented from dripping directly down on the fan 2.
  • the trap can be provided by a surface 9 protruding into the reefer machine 1 Further a central part 12 of the reefer machine 1 is formed with its upper part having inclining sides 120 inclining from an area 121 substantially in the middle part of the central part 12 and downwards towards the ducts 8.
  • a slightly ascending portion is provided on an edge 1 19 of the surface 9 protruding into the reefer machine 1 and an edge 10 is provided in a transition area of the central part 12 where the downwards inclining side 120 goes into a more upwards direction and forms a part of the duct 8 or the ducts 8 adjoins the transition area of the inclining side 120.
  • the edge 1 19 has a rounded shape. The more an outer end of the edge is ascending and thereby forming a groove or gutter for collection of water and ice, the more it is able to hold back water or ice from falling from the evaporator 3 and into the duct 8.
  • the edge 10 prevents water or ice from entering the duct 8 and protruding surfaces 9 ensures that water or ice dripping from the evaporator 3 will be lead onto the inclining surfaces 120.
  • a drain (not shown) is provided near the edge 10 to be able to lead the water and thawed ice into a reservoir (not shown) or to outside of the container.
  • the edge 10 has a rounded shape.
  • edge 10 is sharp, it is more convenient to stop and collect water in the trap, but the airflow in the system will be more turbulent. If the edge is rounded and thereby the edge 10 being less sharp, the airflow will be more laminar which will lead to a more optimal airflow. Therefore in situations where the airflow is more important than the water collection a rounded edge 10 is chosen, and in situations where water collection is more important than the airflow, a more sharp edge 10 is chosen.
  • the defrost function is further provided with heaters placed in the air duct 8 surface 1 1 near each evaporator fan motor.
  • heating elements are provided for thawing the ice.
  • any ice build-up can effectively be removed by heating up the element. Typically this will happen simultaneous with general defrosting of the evaporator 3.
  • heating elements are activated.
  • the activation can be initiated by detection of one or more of following situations as an example: the fan 2 needs excessive power to run, the fan 2 runs too slow in relation to the power input to the motor 19, the fan 2 is blocked, and/or the fan 2 is wobbling.
  • These situations can be symptoms of ice generated on or near the fan 2 or fan blades or wings.
  • one or more heating elements 1 1 are placed near the fan or fans 2 to be able to thaw the ice.
  • one or more heating wires or heating elements 1 1 provided in a duct 8 at a perimeter 20 of the fan 2, or at a rim 200 surrounding the fan 2 at its perimeter can be activated to heat the fan blades or wings or the area of the duct 8 surrounding the fan 2 or at the rim 200 surrounding the fan 2 at its perimeter 20 and thereby thaw the ice.
  • one or more evaporator heaters 1 10 are placed below the evaporator coil or coils 3.
  • heating elements 1 1 , 1 10 can be energised separately, fully or in pulses, adapted to the situation.
  • the heating elements 1 1 can be energised separately to heat a duct 8 at a perimeter 20 of the fan 2, or at a rim 200 surrounding the fan 2 at its perimeter 20 at a time.
  • the fan or fans 2 are powered by permanent magnet motors 19.
  • the fan can be provided with heating elements in the fan blades or wings.
  • the energy can be transferred to the heating elements in the fan blades or wings by ordinary commutators or the energy can be transferred by induction.
  • a protruding surface 9 and an edge 10 forming a trap for trapping liquid or ice is provided above the one or more fans 2.
  • power draft of the one or more fan motors 19 are monitored and an increase in power draft imply that the heating elements are following activated.
  • fan or fans 2 are arranged together with a motor 19 in a unit 180 for removal or exchange during maintenance.
  • the system can be put into defrosting mode.
  • the defrosting mode is entered by letting a fan 2 direct the airflow 4 in one direction and another fan 2 direct the airflow 4 in another direction, thereby letting the airflow 4 circulate within the cooling engine. If one fan is blowing the air in a downwards direction, the other fan is set to blow the air in an upwards direction as shown in figure 3.
  • the new method it is possible to circulate the heated air within the reefer machine 1 without having the heated air entering the cargo space. Hereby is achieved a more expedient way to enter defrosting mode of the reefer machine 1 .
  • fan motors 19 are allowed to run slowly in either forward and/or reverse direction at the same time increasing the heat distribution in air channels 80 or ducts 8, below the evaporator 3 and through the evaporator 3, and keeping air flow 4 at a sufficient low level ensuring that only little heat, preferably no heat enters a cargo space in the container.
  • the fan motors 19 are run in such a way that the heated air is circulated within the refrigerating system 1 by letting one fan 2 blow heated air in one direction and let another fan 2 blow heated air in the opposite direction. Thereby warm air will be circulated within the refrigerating system. This can be done for example by letting one fan 2 blow heated air in one direction and let another fan 2 blow heated air in the opposite direction. Thereby is achieved that the heated air can circulate through the air channels 80 or ducts 8 and through the evaporator 3, without entering the cargo space.
  • the heaters placed in the duct 8 at the perimeter 20 of the fan, or at the rim 200 surrounding the fan 2 at its perimeter, can be energised along with traditional evaporator heaters which is placed just below the evaporator coil (not shown) or they can be energised separately fully or in pulses, whichever is required in the situation.
  • the heating elements 1 1 in the ducts 8 can be energised separately from each other.
  • One or more ducts 8 can be provided with a guiding system 21 , 22 in a maintenance or service opening 18 in the duct 8 for guiding and supporting a fan unit 180 within the duct 8.
  • the guiding system can be provided by a notch or groove 22 in the perimeter 20 of the duct 8 and a corresponding ridge or spline 21 provided at the rim 200 of the fan unit 180.
  • the notch or groove and ridge or spline can also be arranged the other way around.
  • the fan unit 180 is powered by electrical wires and a plug and socket can be provided within the service opening 18 making it possible to disconnect the wire and to remove the fan and motor as a unit.
  • the wiring can be fastened to fastening elements by means of one or more struts or ribs 191 fastening the fan motor 19 to the rim 200 or the wiring can be established through the one or more struts or ribs 191 .
  • the power can be provided to the fan motor 19 through connectors (not shown) moulded into one or more struts or ribs 191 connecting the fan motor 19 to the rim 200.
  • an insert 23 is provided with an inner part having a shape corresponding to the duct 8 in such a way that the insert 23 forms part of the duct 8 when inserted in the duct 8.
  • the insert 23 can be provided with a plate 24 for giving the insert 23 a plane outer surface which is substantially level with the outer surface of the reefer machine 1 .
  • both the ducts and the evaporator is accessible for easy cleaning.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
  • Cold Air Circulating Systems And Constructional Details In Refrigerators (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à un conteneur réfrigéré servant à expédier des marchandises placées sur des palettes. Ce conteneur comprend une pluralité de parois latérales formant ses côtés, son fond et son dessus, une extrémité avant comportant des moyens de refroidissement ou de ventilation, et une extrémité arrière dotée d'une ouverture destinée à être fermée par une ou plusieurs portes. Une machine de réfrigération comprend un ou plusieurs évaporateurs et un ou plusieurs ventilateurs conçus pour acheminer l'air de refroidissement dans le conteneur. Un évaporateur (3) est placé au-dessus d'un ventilateur (2) dans un système de circulation d'air permettant de refroidir l'air (4) dans le conteneur (14), et l'air circulant ou passant dans la machine de réfrigération (1), qui est guidé au départ de l'évaporateur (3), est divisé dans des tuyaux (8) sur les deux côtés du conteneur (14). Cette invention concerne en outre un procédé de chargement d'un conteneur réfrigéré (14) à l'aide de palettes (15, 16).
PCT/EP2014/055419 2013-03-19 2014-03-18 Capacité de transport accrue dans un conteneur Ceased WO2014147075A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14/778,023 US20160282033A1 (en) 2013-03-19 2014-03-18 Increased cargospace in a container
CN201480016661.1A CN105247303B (zh) 2013-03-19 2014-03-18 集装箱中增加的载货空间
DK14710589.4T DK2976582T3 (en) 2013-03-19 2014-03-18 Increased cargo space in a container
EP14710589.4A EP2976582B1 (fr) 2013-03-19 2014-03-18 Capacité de transport accrue dans un conteneur

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DKPA201370161 2013-03-19
DKPA201370160 2013-03-19
DKPA201370160 2013-03-19
DKPA201370161 2013-03-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014147075A1 true WO2014147075A1 (fr) 2014-09-25

Family

ID=50288085

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2014/055421 Ceased WO2014147076A1 (fr) 2013-03-19 2014-03-18 Procédé et appareil pour réduire la formation de glace dans un conteneur frigorifique
PCT/EP2014/055419 Ceased WO2014147075A1 (fr) 2013-03-19 2014-03-18 Capacité de transport accrue dans un conteneur

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2014/055421 Ceased WO2014147076A1 (fr) 2013-03-19 2014-03-18 Procédé et appareil pour réduire la formation de glace dans un conteneur frigorifique

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20160282033A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2976582B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN105247303B (fr)
DK (1) DK2976582T3 (fr)
WO (2) WO2014147076A1 (fr)

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US20170241700A1 (en) * 2016-02-24 2017-08-24 General Electric Company Water Reservoir Assembly and a Refrigerator Appliance
US11079158B2 (en) 2016-10-10 2021-08-03 Carrier Corporation Method of stacking refrigerated shipping containers
US10837220B1 (en) * 2019-10-02 2020-11-17 Robert A. Kelley Insulated diamond plate backed novel portions of a garage door panel
AU2021101244A4 (en) * 2021-03-10 2021-05-06 PT. Tradecorp Indonesia A container
US12388266B1 (en) 2024-03-26 2025-08-12 Hyve Systems, Inc. Mobile distributed energy resource transport system and methods of use

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN105247303B (zh) 2017-06-06
WO2014147076A1 (fr) 2014-09-25
EP2976582B1 (fr) 2017-10-25
DK2976582T3 (en) 2018-01-02
EP2976582A1 (fr) 2016-01-27
CN105247303A (zh) 2016-01-13
US20160282033A1 (en) 2016-09-29

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