WO2014154511A2 - Arbre de mobile a géométrie optimisée en environnement magnétique - Google Patents
Arbre de mobile a géométrie optimisée en environnement magnétique Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014154511A2 WO2014154511A2 PCT/EP2014/055268 EP2014055268W WO2014154511A2 WO 2014154511 A2 WO2014154511 A2 WO 2014154511A2 EP 2014055268 W EP2014055268 W EP 2014055268W WO 2014154511 A2 WO2014154511 A2 WO 2014154511A2
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- shaft
- pivot axis
- magnetic
- field
- magnetization
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/32—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. collet, stud, virole or piton
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B31/00—Bearings; Point suspensions or counter-point suspensions; Pivot bearings; Single parts therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B13/00—Gearwork
- G04B13/02—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B15/00—Escapements
- G04B15/14—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
- G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
- G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
- G04B17/063—Balance construction
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B43/00—Protecting clockworks by shields or other means against external influences, e.g. magnetic fields
Definitions
- the invention relates to a watch mobile shaft for pivoting about a pivot axis and having at least one projecting portion of greater radius about said pivot axis.
- the invention also relates to a watchmobile having such a shaft, said shaft being made of steel, said mobile oscillating about a rest position defined by a rest plane passing through said pivot axis.
- the invention also relates to a mechanism comprising such a mobile biased towards said rest position by elastic return means, said mechanism having a preferred direction of magnetization.
- the invention also relates to a watch movement comprising at least one such mechanism.
- the invention also relates to a watch comprising at least one such watch movement, and / or comprising at least one such mechanism.
- the invention relates to the field of watch mechanisms, in particular the field of regulating members, in particular for mechanical watches.
- the regulating organ of a mechanical watch is constituted by a harmonic oscillator, the sprung balance, whose oscillation natural frequency depends mainly on the inertia of the balance and the elastic rigidity of the spiral.
- the oscillations of the sprung balance, otherwise damped, are maintained by the pulses provided by an escapement generally composed of one or two pivoting mobiles.
- these pivoting mobiles are the anchor and the escape wheel.
- the march of the watch is determined by the frequency of the sprung balance and by the disturbance generated by the impulse of the escapement, which generally slows down the natural oscillation of the sprung balance and thus causes a delay in running.
- gait defects related to the residual effect of the field
- the origin of these defects is the permanent magnetization of the fixed ferromagnetic components of the movement or the cladding and the permanent or transient magnetization of the moving magnetic components forming part of the regulating organ (sprung balance) and / or the exhaust .
- magnetically or magnetically permeable mobile components (balance, hairspring, exhaust) are subjected to magnetostatic torque and / or magnetostatic forces.
- these interactions modify the apparent rigidity of the sprung balance, the dynamics of the escape mobiles and the friction. These modifications produce a fault that can range from a few tens to a few hundred seconds a day.
- the interaction of the watch movement with the external field, during the exhibition, can also lead to the stop of the movement.
- the arrest in the field and the residual run-out are not correlated, because the arrest in field depends on the transient magnetization, sub-field, of the components (and therefore of the permeability and the saturation field). components), while the residual run fault depends on the residual magnetization (and therefore, mainly, the coercive field of the components) which can be low even in the presence of a significant magnetic permeability.
- the anchor body and the escape wheel can be made of very low paramagnetic materials, without their mechanical performance being affected.
- mobile shafts require very good mechanical performance (good tribology, low fatigue) for allow optimal and constant pivoting over time, and it is therefore preferable to manufacture them in hardened steel (typically carbon steel type 20AP or similar).
- hardened steel typically carbon steel type 20AP or similar.
- such steels are materials sensitive to magnetic fields because they have a high saturation field combined with a high coercive field.
- the balance, anchor and escape wheel shafts are currently the most critical components in the face of the magnetic disturbances of the watch.
- the balance shaft is the most sensitive component for chronometry (residual effect), because a disturbing torque of magnetic origin acting on the shaft directly modifies the oscillation frequency of the balance-spring, and this modification is, in principle, unlimited (it depends solely on the intensity of the residual magnetic fields and the rigidity of the hairspring), while a disturbance of the exhaust function gives a defect limited by the delay nominal exhaust (the resulting disturbance can not be much larger than the disturbance already produced by the exhaust under normal conditions).
- the document FR 2 275 815 A1 NIVAROX describes the manufacture of a balance shaft from a profile comprising a plurality of wings distributed around the pivot axis., And a variant with two curvilinear wings.
- the document FEINMETALL FR 2 090 784 A5 describes the assembly of a hairspring to a balance comprising a crossbar with two substantially symmetrical wings.
- the document JP S62 63884 A ZENKOSHA TOKEI describes the machining by cutting of a balance having two wings.
- the document WO 01/77759 A1 DETRA describes an escape device comprising a gear train for transmitting energy to an oscillator capable of receiving this energy and transmitting an oscillation frequency, and first means capable of producing at least a first portion of the energy transmitted by the gear train and intended to power the oscillator, wherein the first means are configured to provide a substantially variable mechanical torque as a function of the angular displacement angle of the gear, the mechanical torque having at least a stable position, and at least one unstable position, over a period of angular displacement of the gear train.
- these first means produce a variable magnetic torque as a function of the time, by the combination of a magnetized rotor diametrically, with a stator having cells at its bore receiving the rotor.
- the invention proposes to limit the magnetic interaction on a mobile shaft, in particular on a balance shaft.
- the invention relates to a watch mobile shaft intended to pivot about a pivot axis and comprising at least one projecting part of larger radius about said pivot axis, characterized in that at least said part protruding is delimited, on both sides of said pivot axis, by two surfaces, which define, in projection on a plane perpendicular to said pivot axis, a profile inscribed in a rectangle whose ratio of the length to the width defines a shape ratio which is greater than or equal to 2, the direction of said length defining a main axis.
- At least one rectangular profile portion delimited on two antagonistic sides by said two surfaces, which comprises said shaft comprises, comprises at least one cutout centered on said pivot axis and extending along a main axis which is the length of the said rectangle.
- said two surfaces are symmetrical with respect to said pivot axis.
- said two surfaces are flat and parallel to said pivot axis.
- the invention also relates to a watchmobile having such a shaft, said shaft being made of steel, said mobile oscillating about a rest position defined by a plane of rest passing through said pivot axis, characterized in that, in said rest position of said mobile, said main axis occupies a determined angular position relative to said rest plane.
- said steel shaft has a high saturation field of value greater than 1 T, a maximum magnetic permeability greater than 50, and a coercive field greater than 3 kA / m.
- the invention also relates to a mechanism comprising such a mobile reciprocated towards said rest position by elastic return means, said mechanism having a preferred direction of magnetization, and characterized in that that, in said rest position, said main axis is substantially orthogonal to said preferred direction of magnetization.
- said mechanism is an escape mechanism
- said mobile is a pendulum brought to said rest position by at least one spiral spring
- said shaft is a balance shaft
- the invention also relates to a watch movement comprising at least one such mechanism.
- the invention also relates to a watch comprising at least one such watch movement, and / or comprising at least one such mechanism.
- FIG. 1 represents, in the form of a three-dimensional diagram, a first variant of a mobile shaft according to the invention, comprising machining of revolution about a pivot axis, including a protruding part of larger radial size than the others, this shaft having two lateral surfaces symmetrical with respect to this pivot axis, and at a distance from one another such that the aspect ratio of this projecting portion, in projection along a plane perpendicular to the axis of pivoting, is greater than 2, and wherein the largest dimension, called "main axis" extends substantially orthogonal to a preferred direction of magnetization of the immediate environment of the mobile;
- FIG. 2 represents, in a manner similar to FIG. 1, a second variant of the mobile shaft according to the invention, in which the protruding portion is of rectangular profile with a form ratio greater than 2, and where certain parts constituting support of other components are also rectangular profile;
- FIG. 3 shows a variant of Figure 2, wherein the projecting portion and another rectangular profile portion have cutouts extending in their largest dimension;
- FIG. 4 is a schematic end view in the direction of the main axis of the tree of FIG. 2, and with a gray coloration which is all the more intense as the remanent field is high, after its exposure to a magnetic field according to the direction of preferential magnetization of the mobile environment;
- FIG. 5 illustrates, in the form of a graph, the comparison of the magnetic pairs exerted on a traditional balance shaft according to the graph GT represented in broken lines, and on an optimized shaft according to the invention according to the graph GO is represented in FIG. continuous line.
- On the abscissa is the angle in degrees, and in ordinate the torque exerted on the balance, in mN.mm;
- FIG. 6 is an end view, in the direction of the pivot axis, of a shaft according to FIG. 1, and illustrated as the transformation of a shaft that is entirely of revolution and of larger radius RMAX;
- FIG. 7 represents, in the form of a block diagram, a timepiece, comprising a movement comprising a mechanism comprising a mobile equipped with a shaft according to the invention
- FIG. 8 is a gait diagram, with the abscissa amplitude in degrees, and the ordinate the operating gap in seconds per day, for different values of the angle existing between the preferential direction of magnetization of the movement and that of the main axis of the balance shaft.
- the invention more particularly the field of clocking devices for mechanical watches.
- the invention proposes to limit the magnetic interaction on a mobile shaft, in particular on a balance shaft.
- the invention thus relates to a mobile shaft with optimized geometry in a magnetic environment.
- axis refers to a virtual geometric element such as a pivot axis, and “shaft” to a real mechanical element, made in one or more parts.
- a pair of aligned and connected pivots on both sides of a median part of a mobile, to guide it in pivoting is also called “tree”.
- the invention can allow watches with spiral, anchor body and nonmagnetic escape wheel to resist, without stopping, magnetic fields of high intensity, of the order of 0.5 Tesla, without the mechanical performances (chronometry and aging of the mobiles) are affected.
- the implementation of the invention makes it possible to reduce the residual effect of watches with spiral, anchor body and non-magnetic escape wheel to less than one second per day.
- axis refers to a virtual geometric element such as a pivot axis, and “shaft” to a real mechanical element, made in one or more parts.
- a pair of pivots 2A and 2B aligned and reported on either side of a median portion 6 of a mobile 10, to guide it in pivoting is also called “tree”.
- magnetically permeable materials are defined as materials having a relative permeability of between 10 and 10,000, such as steels, which have a relative permeability close to 100 for balance shafts for example. or around 4000 for steels commonly used in electrical circuits, or other alloys whose relative permeability reaches values of 8000 to 10000.
- Magnetic materials for example in the case of polar masses, are termed “materials capable of being magnetized so as to have a residual field of between 0.1 and 1.5 Tesla, such as for example the" Neodymium Iron Boron ". a magnetic energy density Em close to 512 kJ / m 3 and giving a remanent field of 0.5 to 1.3 Tesla. A lower residual field level, towards the lower part of the range can be used when combining, in a magnetization couple, such a magnetic material with a magnetically permeable antagonist component of high permeability, closer to 10000, in the range of 100 to 10,000.
- the "paramagnetic” materials will be referred to as materials having a relative magnetic permeability of between 1, 0001 and 100, for example for spacers interposed between a magnetic material and a magnetically permeable antagonist component, or alternatively between two magnetic materials, for example a spacer between a component and a polar mass.
- poorly paramagnetic materials are CoCr20Ni16 Mo7, known especially under the name "Phynox®” or nickel-phosphorus NiP (either with a concentration of 12% phosphorus but hardened, or with a concentration of phosphorus less than 12%).
- Magnetic materials will be referred to as materials of relative magnetic permeability less than 1 (negative magnetic susceptibility, less than or equal to -10 "5 ), such as graphite or graphene.
- soft magnetic materials not to say non-magnetic, especially for shielding, materials with high permeability but high saturation, because we do not want them to be permanently magnetized: they must drive the best possible the field, so as to reduce the field to their outside. Such components can then also protect a magnetic system from external fields.
- These materials are preferably chosen to have a relative magnetic permeability of between 50 and 200, and with a saturation field greater than 500 A / m.
- Non-magnetic for their part, have a relative magnetic permeability slightly greater than 0.9999, and less than 1.0001, as typically aluminum, brass, silicon, diamond, platinum and the like. These materials can generally be obtained by MEMS technologies or by the "LIGA" process.
- the invention relates to a watchmaking tree 1, for a mobile 10, and optimized for the operation of this mobile 10 in an environment where there is a residual magnetic field in a preferred direction of magnetization DAP.
- this shaft 1 is a pivoting axial element, which serves as a support for other components: plate, collar, ferrule, pendulum, but which is not consisting of these other components, which are driven, glued, welded, brazed, or supported on the tree, or maintained by other processes.
- the characteristics presented below concern this single tree 1.
- the intrinsic magnetic properties are called the following quantities: permeability, saturation field, coercive field, Curie temperature, dependent hysteresis curve. Magnetization is not one of these intrinsic magnetic properties.
- the magnetization profile of such a tree after magnetization does not depend solely on the intrinsic magnetic properties, but depends in particular on the magnetic field source that magnetized it and the shape and size of said shaft. For example, the shaft may have non-uniform magnetization even though the intrinsic magnetic properties are uniform.
- a component can not become, for example, ferromagnetic after being subjected to a magnetic field: a material is either ferromagnetic or paramagnetic, antiferromagnetic or diamagnetic.
- the temperature can modify this characteristic but it can not be modified by an external field. It is important to differentiate the magnetization from the intrinsic magnetic properties of the material.
- magnetically permeable materials are defined as materials having a relative permeability of between 10 and 10,000, such as steels, which have a relative permeability close to 100 for balance shafts for example. or around 4000 for steels commonly used in electrical circuits, or other alloys whose relative permeability reaches values of 8000 to 10000.
- Magnetic materials for example in the case of polar masses, are termed “materials capable of being magnetized so as to have a residual field of between 0.1 and 1.5 Tesla, such as for example the" Neodymium Iron Boron ". a magnetic energy density Em close to 512 kJ / m 3 and giving a residual field of 0.5 to 1 3 Tesla. A lower residual field level, towards the lower part of the range can be used when combining, in a magnetization couple, such a magnetic material with a magnetically permeable antagonist component of high permeability, closer to 10000, in the range of 100 to 10,000.
- Magnetic materials will be referred to as materials having a relative magnetic permeability of between 1 0001 and 100, for example for spacers interposed between a magnetic material and a magnetically permeable antagonist component, or alternatively between two magnetic materials, for example a spacer between a component and a polar mass.
- Low paramagnetic materials having magnetic permeability of between 1.01 and 2, can be used for the implementation of the invention.
- Materials such as CoCr20Ni16 Mo7, known especially under the name "Phynox®” or nickel-phosphorus NiP (either with a concentration of 12% phosphorus but hardened, or with a concentration of phosphorus of less than 12%) are weakly paramagnetic, therefore usable for the implementation of the invention.
- non-magnetic materials magnet permeability less than 1 .01
- magnetic permeability less than 1 .01 is very limiting, because these materials are either difficult to machine or mechanically unsuited to the requested functions (and therefore require a coating or a hardening procedure making them ferromagnetic) , which explains why the first watch resistant to 15 ⁇ 00 Gauss was presented only in 2013.
- non-magnetic materials are: aluminum, gold, brass or the like.
- Magnetic materials will be referred to as materials of relative magnetic permeability less than 1 (negative magnetic susceptibility, less than or equal to -10 "5 ), such as graphite or graphene.
- soft magnetic materials not to say non-magnetic, especially for shielding, materials with high permeability but high saturation, because we do not want them to be permanently magnetized: they must drive the best possible the field, so as to reduce the field to their outside. Such components can then also protect a magnetic system from external fields.
- These materials are preferably chosen to have a relative magnetic permeability of between 50 and 200, and with a saturation field greater than 500 A / m.
- Non-magnetic Materials which are qualified as “non-magnetic” have a relative magnetic permeability very slightly greater than 1, and less than 1.0001, as typically silicon, diamond, palladium and the like. These materials can generally be obtained by MEMS technologies or by the "LIGA” process.
- a permanent magnet can have a direction of magnetization completely different from the direction of preferential magnetization (both could even be orthogonal, as for axially magnetized permanent magnet discs).
- a component may not have a preferred direction of magnetization, such as the stator which has an almost symmetrical geometry.
- this mobile 10 is a pendulum, forming part of a conventional pendulum-balance assembly in watchmaking.
- the skilled person will extrapolate the invention to others watchmakers for whom it wishes to avoid the influence of a residual magnetic field.
- a standard balance shaft 1 relatively standard in the watch industry, is not optimized to limit its magnetization under an external field.
- the median part 6 of the shaft 1, having a larger radius RMAX is strongly magnetized by a magnetic field orthogonal or oblique with respect to the direction of the pivot axis D. Because of this magnetization, in presence of an environmental field (external field or created by the magnetized components of the movement or the watch), the shaft 1 is subjected to a large magnetic torque.
- this shaft is a ferromagnetic component, especially steel, and is in an initial state demagnetized (and can in no case be used as a permanent magnet).
- the invention participates in the suppression of magnetic disturbances of the watch movement, and the invention makes it possible to reduce or eliminate any accidental magnetization possible at the level of the shaft.
- the rocker 10 is part of an escapement mechanism 20, in a movement 30 of a watch 40.
- the invention proposes to modify the geometry of the balance shaft 1, by modifying the aspect ratio of the so-called projecting part 1 1, which is the part of larger radial size of this balance shaft, by giving it, in projection on a plane perpendicular to the pivot axis D of the shaft 1 of the balance 10, a shape ratio very different from 1, preferably greater than or equal to 2.
- the idea is to reduce one of the two dimensions x or y (in projection in a plane perpendicular to the pivot axis D), the simplest way is to locally limit the shaft 1 by two surfaces 14, 15, substantially parallel to the axis D, which surfaces 14 and 15 are preferably two planes parallel to the axis D; indeed, if the surfaces, especially the planes, are not parallel, then there remains a larger part which can be magnetized more than the rest.
- These two surfaces 14 and 15 are preferably very close to each other, to reduce the magnetization in this direction, and to well define a single preferred direction of magnetization in the xy plane.
- these two surfaces 14 and 15 are symmetrical with respect to the pivot axis D of the shaft 1.
- the projections are oriented with their main axes parallel to each other.
- the projection of this projecting part 1 1 in a plane perpendicular to the pivot axis D of the balance 10, has a profile 12, which is part of a rectangle R symmetrical with respect to two orthogonal axes, of which a main axis DP according to which extends the largest dimension of this projecting part 1 1.
- the aspect ratio is the ratio between the two dimensions of the rectangle, length LR and width LA.
- the balance shaft 1 has no revolution symmetry.
- this main axis DP in which the largest dimension of this projecting portion 11 extends, is in a position substantially orthogonal to the direction of preferential magnetization DA of the environment of the movement.
- substantially orthogonal is meant an angle of between 80 ° and 100 °; in a particular way, the angle is 90 °.
- This preferential direction DA is generally determined by bridges, bars, screws, or the like; it depends directly on the construction and generally it is quite obvious, by the examination of the form factor of the steel components near the axis; in ambiguous situations, it is sufficient to perform a finite element or equivalent load simulation to easily determine it.
- This so-called “rest” position of the balance corresponds to that it occupies when the hairspring is at rest: this is the position in which the movement is the least often, but, as explained in the rest of the presentation, is the average position and, for very strong external fields, it is the position that defines the resulting magnetization.
- the balance plate has its largest dimension perpendicular to the exhaust line, which makes it possible to maximize the surface effects in the face of the volume effects, so as to minimize magnetization in the direction of rotation. field and, hence, the "compass" effects that create a disruptive couple.
- Figure 1 shows a balance shaft 1 with a realistic magnetically optimized geometry.
- the widest parts, which are used as a support, have an important aspect ratio, the largest dimension being oriented with its main axis DP in the direction substantially orthogonal to the direction of preferential magnetization DA of the environment of the movement .
- This tree 1 is drawn on a conventional balance-shaft base, with spans turned pivots, supports: ferrule support, serge, plate, double tray, or others.
- the larger diameter portion 1 1 serves to support a face of a serge 50, not shown in the figure, the shaft 1 having a bearing surface 13 of this serge;
- the profile 12 is here produced by machining, in particular by milling or turning, or the like, of two opposing surfaces 14 and 15, as also visible in FIG. 6, these surfaces are plane surfaces in a simplified and preferred embodiment.
- Figure 2 shows a balance shaft 1 with magnetically optimized geometry schematized.
- the widest parts which are used as a support, have an important aspect ratio, the largest dimension being oriented with its main axis DP in the direction substantially orthogonal to the direction of preferential magnetization DA of the environment of the movement .
- the protruding part 1 1 is here of prismatic shape, with the antagonistic surfaces 14 and 15, and end surfaces 16 and 17 on the short sides of the envelope rectangle of the profile 12, which are all planes, in a particular embodiment.
- FIG. 3 illustrates an optimized optimized geometry, derived from that of FIG. 2.
- the longest support portions, of the main projecting part 1 1, but also of the other parts 1 1 A, 1 1 B, are cut and have cutouts 18, in particular in the form of slots, to induce partial self-demagnetization in the absence of the external field.
- These cuts 18 extend in a direction parallel to the main axis DP.
- the longest portions, used as a support have an important aspect ratio, the largest dimension being oriented with its main axis DP in the direction substantially orthogonal to the direction of preferential magnetization DA of the environment of the movement.
- the depth of the cuts 18 is greater than or equal to half the length of the portion 1 1 or 1 1 A considered exceeding the average radius of the cylindrical portion of the shaft 1.
- the shaft 1 according to the invention is symmetrical with respect to a plane passing through the pivot axis D and parallel to the direction of the main axis DP.
- the surfaces of revolution 19, including the pivots and the cylindrical body of the balance shaft may be identical to the pivots and the cylindrical body of a traditional balance shaft: the mechanical performance of the component are therefore unaltered compared to the balance shafts existing.
- the shafts shown in the figures have a preferred direction of magnetization parallel to the main axis DP and chosen so as to be substantially orthogonal to the direction of preferential magnetization DA of the environment of the movement (when the balance spring is at rest).
- Case of a traditional pendulum tree :
- the movement of the balance 10 stops under the external field, and the movement 30 is stopped. Since the movement stops close to its rest position (generally less than 20 °, because the shaft has a cylindrical symmetry and the spiral is non-magnetic), the remanent field in the balance shaft is oriented as the field external "seen" from the rest position.
- the magnetization of the tree takes place dynamically: with each oscillation, the direction of the external field "seen” by the tree is modified, the field in the material undergoes several hysteresis cycles with the progressive formation (at each cycle) of a remnant field (the external field is intense, so it strongly magnetizes the tree, but, when the orientation of the tree changes, the same external field reduces and partially reorientates the created remnant field).
- the remanent field finally formed (after a few complete oscillations, that is to say after 0.5 s to 1 s, depending on the frequency) in the The tree will be oriented as if the tree were motionless in its middle position, that is, in its rest position (exactly as if the tree had stopped under the field).
- the remanent field will be oriented preferably like the external field while the remanent field created in the environment of the movement will be oriented according to the orientation of the fixed ferromagnetic components (bars, screws, bridges), according to the direction of preferential magnetization DA.
- a residual magnetic torque acts on the balance shaft as on a compass needle.
- the residual effect for a geometrically optimized shaft 1 according to the invention is different from that observed for a traditional tree.
- the shafts 1 shown in FIG. 1 and in FIG. 2 have a shape ratio of approximately 2.
- the possible magnetization regimes are:
- the magnetization is:
- the main axis DP of the shaft 1 is substantially orthogonal to the preferential direction of magnetization DAP of the environment, for almost all possible orientations of the external field (except the orientation in the preferred direction of magnetization DAP of the environment) the resultant residual magnetic torque on the olil is an even function of the oscillation angle, which makes the residual run fault almost null.
- the shaft is magnetized in the same direction, therefore orthogonally to the main axis DP, but in this case its magnetization is weak, less than 0 , 2 T, as shown in Figure 4 which illustrates the distribution of the remanent field, after magnetization at 0.2 T in the direction orthogonal to the main axis DP, of a shaft 1 optimized steel pendulum 20 AP.
- the magnetic torque is, in this case, an odd function of the oscillation angle, but it is between 10 and 100 times (depending on the geometry) lower than the torque acting on a traditional tree, as visible on FIG.
- FIG. 8 illustrates the influence of the value of the angle between the preferential direction of magnetization of the movement and that of the main axis of the balance shaft: it is very clear that for a 90 ° angle, the The difference in walking is very small, of the order of one second a day, whatever the amplitude.
- the material of the shaft 1 is magnetically homogeneous in the simple embodiment illustrated by the figures. This particular embodiment does not exclude the embodiments where the shaft 1 is magnetically inhomogeneous.
- the shaft 1 is integral and made in one or more aligned parts.
- This monoblock tree 1 is magnetically inhomogeneous and has intrinsic magnetic properties, which are the permeability and the saturation field and the coercive field and the Curie temperature and the dependent hysteresis curve, which are non-uniform in its volume. More particularly, this shaft 1 is magnetically inhomogeneous, with a variation of the intrinsic magnetic properties of this one-piece shaft 1, either in the axial direction of the pivot axis D of this one-piece shaft 1, or radially relative to the pivot axis D, both in the axial direction of the pivot axis D of said one-piece shaft 1 and radially with a symmetry of revolution with respect to this pivot axis D.
- the invention provides substantial advantages: - increased subfield arrest field for watches with spiral, anchor body and non-magnetic escape wheel;
- the invention thus makes it possible to modify the geometry of the balance shaft (and not the whole balance), because the shaft is generally the only magnetic component, which is difficult to replace with a non-magnetic material. And it is the influence of the tree itself that must be reduced, this goal is achieved by the invention.
- the invention makes it possible to obtain an oscillator with excellent regularity of operation because it is very insensitive to external magnetic disturbances, unlike attempts of the prior art (such as for example an oscillator constituted by the interaction of a magnetized shaft permanently with a stator, but whose frequency depends strongly on the magnetization of the axis, and therefore strongly feels any external magnetic disturbance, and can not be used for a precise watch movement).
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Micromachines (AREA)
- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)
- Electric Clocks (AREA)
- Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US14/779,883 US9372473B2 (en) | 2013-03-26 | 2014-03-17 | Timepiece mechanism comprising a movable oscillating component with optimised geometry in a magnetic environment |
| CN201480018602.8A CN105074585B (zh) | 2013-03-26 | 2014-03-17 | 具有在磁性环境中优化的几何形状的可移动构件的心轴 |
| JP2016504561A JP6034991B2 (ja) | 2013-03-26 | 2014-03-17 | 磁性環境において最適化されたジオメトリを有する可動発振構成部品を備える時計機構 |
| EP14713783.0A EP2979140B1 (fr) | 2013-03-26 | 2014-03-17 | Arbre de mobile a géométrie optimisée en environnement magnétique |
| HK16105565.6A HK1217774B (en) | 2013-03-26 | 2014-03-17 | An arbor of a movable component having a geometry optimized in a magnetic environment |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP13161123.8 | 2013-03-26 | ||
| EP13161123.8A EP2784602B1 (fr) | 2013-03-26 | 2013-03-26 | Arbre de mobile à géométrie optimisée en environnement magnétique |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2014154511A2 true WO2014154511A2 (fr) | 2014-10-02 |
| WO2014154511A3 WO2014154511A3 (fr) | 2014-12-31 |
| WO2014154511A4 WO2014154511A4 (fr) | 2015-02-19 |
Family
ID=47915604
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2014/055268 Ceased WO2014154511A2 (fr) | 2013-03-26 | 2014-03-17 | Arbre de mobile a géométrie optimisée en environnement magnétique |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9372473B2 (fr) |
| EP (2) | EP2784602B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP6034991B2 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN105074585B (fr) |
| CH (1) | CH707791B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2014154511A2 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3208664A1 (fr) * | 2016-02-19 | 2017-08-23 | Creaditive AG | Arbre de pignon, rouage, horloge ou appareil de mesure sans signature magnetique |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2784601B1 (fr) * | 2013-03-26 | 2017-09-13 | Montres Breguet SA | Arbre de mobile pivotant d'horlogerie |
| EP3605243A1 (fr) * | 2018-07-31 | 2020-02-05 | Montres Breguet S.A. | Mecanisme d'affichage d'horlogerie a geometrie variable avec aiguille elastique |
Family Cites Families (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH27308A (fr) * | 1902-12-30 | 1903-12-31 | Gentil Grossen A | Arbre lisse pour horlogers |
| US1423446A (en) * | 1921-08-11 | 1922-07-18 | William H H Needy | Balance staff for timepieces |
| US2057642A (en) * | 1935-05-20 | 1936-10-13 | Eddison William Barton | Hairspring assembly for timepieces |
| US2706381A (en) * | 1953-06-24 | 1955-04-19 | Hamilton Watch Co | Hairspring and balance arm assembly |
| CH324249A (fr) | 1955-10-27 | 1957-09-15 | Longines Montres Comp D | Pièce d'horlogerie à barillet moteur |
| CH343303A (de) | 1956-01-24 | 1959-12-15 | Straumann Inst Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Welle mit bruchfesten Lagerzapfen für Uhrwerke und feinmechanische Apparate und nach diesem Verfahren hergestellte Welle mit bruchfesten Lagerzapfen |
| FR1314364A (fr) * | 1960-06-15 | 1963-01-11 | Nouvelle combinaison d'aimants pour suspension d'axe conjointement avec l'entretien d'un mouvement d'horlogerie électrique | |
| CH530665A (de) | 1968-09-15 | 1970-08-14 | Reich Joachim | Elektronische angetriebene Uhr |
| FR2090784A5 (fr) * | 1970-05-16 | 1972-01-14 | Feinmetall Gmbh | |
| CH1675373A4 (fr) * | 1973-11-29 | 1976-11-15 | ||
| CH835174A4 (fr) * | 1974-06-18 | 1977-03-31 | ||
| JPS58193478A (ja) | 1982-05-08 | 1983-11-11 | Zenkoushiya Tokei Kk | 簡易脱進機 |
| JPS6263884A (ja) * | 1986-08-29 | 1987-03-20 | Zenkoushiya Tokei Kk | ぜんまいタイマ−の天府の製造方法 |
| AU2001235314A1 (en) * | 2000-04-11 | 2001-10-23 | Detra S.A. | Escapement device for timepiece component |
| WO2008080570A2 (fr) * | 2006-12-21 | 2008-07-10 | Complitime S.A. | Oscillateur mecanique pour une piece d'horlogerie |
| JP5210193B2 (ja) * | 2009-02-04 | 2013-06-12 | セイコーインスツル株式会社 | ひげぜんまい支持構造、該支持構造を備えたてんぷ構造体及び該構造体を備えた機械式時計 |
| CH707503A2 (fr) * | 2013-01-17 | 2014-07-31 | Omega Sa | Axe de pivotement pour mouvement horloger. |
-
2013
- 2013-03-26 CH CH00665/13A patent/CH707791B1/fr unknown
- 2013-03-26 EP EP13161123.8A patent/EP2784602B1/fr active Active
-
2014
- 2014-03-17 EP EP14713783.0A patent/EP2979140B1/fr active Active
- 2014-03-17 JP JP2016504561A patent/JP6034991B2/ja active Active
- 2014-03-17 US US14/779,883 patent/US9372473B2/en active Active
- 2014-03-17 WO PCT/EP2014/055268 patent/WO2014154511A2/fr not_active Ceased
- 2014-03-17 CN CN201480018602.8A patent/CN105074585B/zh active Active
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3208664A1 (fr) * | 2016-02-19 | 2017-08-23 | Creaditive AG | Arbre de pignon, rouage, horloge ou appareil de mesure sans signature magnetique |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2979140B1 (fr) | 2017-10-25 |
| EP2784602A1 (fr) | 2014-10-01 |
| CN105074585B (zh) | 2017-10-24 |
| US9372473B2 (en) | 2016-06-21 |
| CN105074585A (zh) | 2015-11-18 |
| JP2016517955A (ja) | 2016-06-20 |
| CH707791A2 (fr) | 2014-09-30 |
| EP2784602B1 (fr) | 2018-12-05 |
| CH707791B1 (fr) | 2017-05-15 |
| WO2014154511A3 (fr) | 2014-12-31 |
| JP6034991B2 (ja) | 2016-11-30 |
| HK1217774A1 (zh) | 2017-01-20 |
| EP2979140A2 (fr) | 2016-02-03 |
| US20160085214A1 (en) | 2016-03-24 |
| WO2014154511A4 (fr) | 2015-02-19 |
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