WO2014170773A2 - Transmission sans fil d'électricité - Google Patents

Transmission sans fil d'électricité Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014170773A2
WO2014170773A2 PCT/IB2014/060103 IB2014060103W WO2014170773A2 WO 2014170773 A2 WO2014170773 A2 WO 2014170773A2 IB 2014060103 W IB2014060103 W IB 2014060103W WO 2014170773 A2 WO2014170773 A2 WO 2014170773A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
molecules
cavity
photon beam
electromagnetic waves
rectifier
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PCT/IB2014/060103
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WO2014170773A3 (fr
WO2014170773A4 (fr
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John SWAMIDAS
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/30—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using light, e.g. lasers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S1/00—Masers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range
    • H01S1/06—Gaseous, i.e. beam masers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/248—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set provided with an AC/DC converting device, e.g. rectennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/062—Two dimensional planar arrays using dipole aerials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/26—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole with folded element or elements, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of operating wavelength
    • H01Q9/27—Spiral antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/20—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
    • H02J50/27—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves characterised by the type of receiving antennas, e.g. rectennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/40—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices
    • H02J50/402—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices the two or more transmitting or the two or more receiving devices being integrated in the same unit, e.g. power mats with several coils or antennas with several sub-antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/11—Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/80—Optical aspects relating to the use of optical transmission for specific applications, not provided for in groups H04B10/03 - H04B10/70, e.g. optical power feeding or optical transmission through water
    • H04B10/806—Arrangements for feeding power
    • H04B10/807—Optical power feeding, i.e. transmitting power using an optical signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type

Definitions

  • This invention is related to the transmission of electrical power wirelessly through the earth's atmosphere, where air is the main medium.
  • the disclosed system could also be adapted to space where there is void.
  • the disclosed new system could also be used when the transmission medium is water.
  • the disclosed system could also be used on other planets where the atmospheres are different than earth's atmosphere.
  • the same disclosed system could be used as a communication system that works in all of the transmission media as stated above.
  • the disclosed system is mainly intended to transfer energy at larger distances, but it could also be used in applications where energy transfer is required at near distances.
  • Various methods exist today to transmit electricity without wires Basically all of them use a combination of an emitter device that emits electromagnetic energy & a receiving device that captures the electromagnetic energy.
  • the emitters could emit electromagnetic energy in the form of light using lasers or in the form of microwaves using microwave transmitters.
  • the receptors could be photo voltaic cells that captures the laser light and reconverts it into electricity or an antenna that captures the electromagnetic energy and reconverts the captured energy into electricity.
  • Direct induction & resonant magnetic induction are the most efficient means to transfer wireless power, but only at near distances.
  • Transmission of electromagnetic energy can take place by coupling two induction coils through a process known as mutual induction. With this method it is possible to transmit and receive significant amounts of energy but the two inductors must be placed close to each other. There exists a certain frequency for a coupled system of inductors having a matched inductance at which the transfer of energy is maximum. This is known as the resonant frequency. If resonant coupling is used, where inductors are matched to a mutual frequency, significant power may be transmitted over even greater distances in range of meters.
  • Light is an electromagnetic wave at extremely short wavelengths and therefore can be used to transmit electromagnetic energy, but due to its high frequency it has its limitations.
  • Power can be transmitted by converting electricity into a light beam or a laser beam which is focused at a photovoltaic panel receiver. This is generally known as "power beaming".
  • Lasers are mostly used to transmit at light frequencies as their beams have high coherence and thus high directionality.
  • NASA Marshall Space Flight Center NASA conducted experiments with lightweight model aircrafts powered by laser beams. They focused a laser beam on a panel of photovoltaic cells embedded on the model aircraft to achieve the first flight of an aircraft powered by a laser beam.
  • the mains drawbacks of power beaming using light are:
  • Microwaves are electromagnetic waves at much longer wavelengths than that of light, conversion efficiencies are higher than lasers, and are less prone to atmospheric attenuation.
  • microwaves have far longer wavelengths than visible light, and require proportionately larger transmitters and receivers to deal with diffraction over long distances. Ever since the discovery of electromagnetism, efforts were being made to find more efficient methods & devices to transmit electromagnetic energy at long distances.
  • Coherence means with respect to frequency (monochromaticity), phase and polarisation of the output beam .
  • Beam divergence is also affected by diffraction at the transmitting antenna.
  • efficient wireless electromagnetic energy transfer has been achieved only at short distances and in general long distance energy transfer requires large devices.
  • Phased array technology has been used to increase beam directionality, it has its limitations due to a phenomenon called the thinned array curse; gaps in the array act as a diffraction grating and cause side lobes that lose energy.
  • a rectenna (Rectifying Antenna) array may be used to reconvert the microwave energy back into electricity. Rectenna conversion efficiencies are generally high .
  • Direct induction & resonant magnetic induction are the most efficient means to transfer wireless power, but only at near distances.
  • Transmission of electromagnetic energy can take place by coupling two induction coils through a process known as mutual induction. With this method it is possible to transmit and receive significant amounts of energy but the two inductors must be placed close to each other.
  • An electrical transformer is a good example for wireless energy transfer through mutual induction. The primary and secondary circuits of a transformer are electrically isolated from each other. The transfer of energy takes place through mutual induction.
  • the principle is used in charging household items like electric toothbrush, consumer electronic devices such as cell phones. It is also used to transfer energy in Transcutaneous energy transfer (TET) systems in artificial hearts and medical implants.
  • TET Transcutaneous energy transfer
  • Electromagnetic Compatibility Principles and Applications; David A. Weston; Page 297 Semiconductor material and device characterization; Dieter K. Schroder; Page 634 The Tesla Papers; Nikola Tesla, David Hatcher Childress; Page 204
  • Wireless power transfer technology using RF energy can also be used to power devices with low power requirements.
  • Low energy devices such as computer peripherals, wireless sensors, and medical implants could be powered using RF energy.
  • the amount of power that can be transmitted is very limited.
  • Some natural conductors of electricity like the earth and oceans can be used as a medium and electrical currents can be propagated through these naturally existing conductors.
  • a natural medium like the atmosphere can be made conducting by ionising the air. lonisation occurs when the breakdown voltage of the medium is exceeded, thus making it to conduct electricity.
  • a high- power ultraviolet beam could be used to ionise the air thus creating a conducting column between the transmitter and the receiver.
  • the major technical drawback with this system is that huge energies are required to ionise the columns of air and is very inefficient.
  • microwaves electromagnetic waves are at much longer wavelengths, conversion efficiencies are higher than lasers, and are less prone to atmospheric attenuation.
  • microwaves have far longer wavelengths than visible light, and require proportionately larger transmitters and receivers to deal with diffraction and divergence over long distances. They also suffer from interference.
  • Induction Power Transfer can be achieved only for short distances.
  • Direct induction & resonant magnetic induction are the most efficient means to transfer wireless power, but only at near distances.
  • Atmospheric opacity to the entire electromagnetic spectrum depends on the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves. There are certain frequencies at which the atmosphere is completely transparent. The regions of the spectrum in which these frequencies are found are also called atmospheric windows. According to FIG. 5 & FIG. 6, we see that in the microwave/radiowave region of the absorption spectrum of air we can transmit electrical energy between wavelengths of 5 cm to 10 Meters at good efficiencies. Thus transmitting electrical energy in the atmosphere is limited to only those frequencies that pass through the atmosphere, thus limiting the prior art devices' capabilities to transfer energy.
  • Transmission in water Water has its own absorption spectrum, it absorbs strongly in the ultraviolet, Infrared and microwave regions, but is mostly transparent to the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
  • Transmission using ordinary microwaves and radio waves can be affected due to interference from other electromagnetic noise or radiation present in the transmission medium.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a solution to the problems of the prior art .
  • the present invention aims at solving the problems of the prior art through several embodiments.
  • the solution lies in the production of electromagnetic waves that have both the directional properties of light and conversion efficiency levels of microwaves, which means we need to generate photons in the range of microwave/radio wavelengths and transmit them to a receptor consisting of a Rectifier Antenna Array (Rectenna) that reconverts the captured photons into electricity.
  • a Rectifier Antenna Array Rectifier Antenna Array
  • the present invention addresses the above challenge. It consists of a photon beam generator which is the main component of the wireless electric power transfer system, and uses a new inventive method to generate large quantities of large wavelength microwave/radio-wave photons at several required wavelengths.
  • Electromagnetic energy emitted could be described either in the form of electromagnetic field variations or in the form of photons; we need to clearly differentiate these two descriptions regarding electromagnetic emission and to get a clear idea about this;
  • devices like MASER, LASER or a FREE ELECTRON LASER, these devices emit photons at a particular frequency.
  • the ammonia maser generates a maser beam that has a frequency of 24 GHz, it actually emits photons having frequency of 24 GHz.
  • These devices emit coherent radiation of photons in the visible & microwave range, but very few devices emit photons having frequencies below the Infrared frequencies.
  • Masers exist that operate at microwave frequency that do generate microwave photons, but they do so at very low intensities, and thus may not be practical for building wireless electrical energy transfer systems.
  • the present new photon beam generator device that forms a central part of the disclosed wireless electric power transfer system does not have the drawbacks mentioned above associated with that of laser and masers.
  • the disclosed photon beam generator device is
  • a new system, device and method for the transmission of electrical power wirelessly are disclosed.
  • the system works by converting electrical energy to large wavelength photons such as microwave photons or radiowave photons using a photon beam generator and directs the beam to a rectifier antenna array which reconverts the photons into electricity.
  • the principal innovation lies in the photon beam generator which is the main component of the wireless electric power transfer system, which uses a new inventive method to generate large quantities of large wavelength photons.
  • the disclosed system is primarily meant for use in the earth's atmosphere, where air is the main medium, this disclosed system could however be adapted to space where there is void. This disclosed system could also be used when the transmission medium is water or on other planets where the atmospheres are different than earth's. It could also be used as a communication system that works in all of the transmission media as stated above.
  • the proposed wireless electric power transfer system is comprised of a photon beam generator, a source of electromagnetic waves to pump the photon beam generator and a rectifying antenna array that captures and converts the photons into electricity.
  • the photon beam generator is further comprised of a cavity that contains a medium of molecules that have a dipole moment which are pumped using the electromagnetic wave source that generates electromagnetic waves that are directed through waveguides to excite the medium of molecules to their higher rotational energy levels or higher vibrational energy levels or higher ro- vibrational energy levels.
  • the de-excited molecules emit microwave photons out of the cavity's aperture to form a photon beam that strikes a rectifier antenna array which converts the microwave photons into electricity.
  • the photon beam generator device is used to produce a beam of the microwave or radio wave photons.
  • the receiver is a rectifying antenna array that captures and converts the photons into electricity.
  • a new wireless electric power transfer system transmits energy at a distance by converting electrical energy to large wavelength photons such as microwave photons using a new concept photon beam generator and directing the beam to a rectifier antenna array incident to it and positioned at distance which reconverts the captured photons into electricity.
  • the main innovation lies in the photon beam generator.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the complete Wireless Electric Power Transfer System according to the present disclosed system.
  • a Wireless Electric Power Transfer System 1 is comprised of a photon beam generator 15, a source of electromagnetic waves 4, and a rectifier antenna array 13.
  • the photon beam generator 15 is further comprised of a cavity 3 that contains a medium of molecules 7 that have a dipole moment.
  • the photon beam generator 15 is pumped using an electromagnetic wave source which generates electromagnetic waves 4 that are directed through the waveguides 16 & 17 to excite the medium of molecules 7 to their higher rotational energy levels or higher vibrational energy levels or higher ro-vibrational energy levels.
  • the de-excited molecules emit microwave photons out of the aperture 12 to form a photon beam 9 and the photon beam 9 is focused through a focusing hood 8 to be incident on a rectifier antenna array 13.
  • the rectifier antenna array 13 converts the microwave photons into electricity.
  • the photon beam generator 55 could also be pumped using a Radio Frequency Generator 60.
  • the electromagnetic energy is conveyed through electrode plates 65 & 66 that are coupled to the Radio Frequency Generator 60.
  • the pair of electrode plates 65 and 66 coupled to the RF generator 60 generates an oscillating electrical field.
  • a practical example of using the system 1 would be to transmit electric power from point A to point B in our earth's atmosphere. We assume that A & B are in line of sight distance to each other.
  • the molecular composition of the medium is chosen in a manner such that
  • the types of molecules chosen for the medium are chosen in a manner that they form a homogeneous collection of molecules. Homogeneous collection means that the different types of molecules do not interact with other chemically. Different types of molecules could make up the medium.
  • the collection could also be a mixture of atoms and molecules, but it is important that they form a homogeneous collection of at least one type of molecule, which means that there should be at least one type of molecule present in the collection. This is because only molecules have rotational and vibrational spectra and the photon beam generator of the present disclosed system generates photons having energies that correspond to the rotational energy level transitions and the vibrational energy level transitions of the molecules.
  • Atoms present in the medium do not contribute to the photon generation, but may serve to maintain the pressure inside the cavity, or used to conduct heat from the cavity.
  • the molecules could be composed of more than two atoms.
  • a molecule is a compound consisting of at least two atoms.
  • the types of molecules chosen for the medium are also chosen in a manner that they have a dipole moment.
  • energies associated with rotational energy level transitions are generally small compared to the vibrational energy level transitions.
  • transitions among various vibrational energy levels involve energies in the infrared region and transitions among various rotational energy levels involve energies in the microwave and far infrared region.
  • FIG. 8 shows different molecular processes and their respective energy transition frequency bands. So, if we need to transmit energy at microwave/radiowave frequencies we need to look for molecules that have rotational spectra or ro-vibrational spectra that fall in the microwave/radiowave region.
  • NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology
  • search for molecules with particular spectra could be conducted. Their latest web link is http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/MolSpec/freqsearch.html, where a spectral frequency range could be entered as a search parameter and the tool lists all molecules having the desired spectral frequency range.
  • Rotational spectra arise only when molecules are polar in nature and have a permanent dipole moment.
  • the molecules contained in the cavity should be polar molecules.
  • Polar molecules are molecules having a permanent electric dipole moment.
  • the permanent dipole moment is due to the various asymmetries in their structure and the presence of partial charges on the atoms in the molecule that arise from differences in electro-negativity or other features of bonding. So, in order for a molecule to interact with an electromagnetic wave via rotational transitions, it must possess either a magnetic or electric dipole moment. Without it no externally applied magnetic or electric field can exert torque.
  • Molecules that have a permanent dipole moment can generate a strong pure rotational spectrum when excited to a higher rotational energy level by pumping them with electromagnetic waves at the right frequencies.
  • Symmetric molecules like H 2 , O 2 , C 2 , CH 4 have weak rotational spectra generated by the electric quadrupole moment . These symmetric molecules could also acquire a temporary dipole moment due to anti-symmetric stretching modes. During these conditions the rotational energy level transitions could be achieved also by pumping them with electromagnetic waves. It becomes obvious that when a molecule has rotational spectrum it possesses a permanent dipole moment.
  • FIG. 7 shows the earth's atmospheric composition.
  • the earth's atmosphere mainly consists of N 2 (Nitrogen) and O 2 (Oxygen).
  • FIG. 9 shows the Molecular Structure of key atmospheric constituents that indicate the dipole nature of the molecules, thus showing which molecules are capable of having rotational absorption spectra.
  • O 2 Oxygen
  • Nitrogen has neither electric nor magnetic dipole moment and therefore no rotational absorption spectrum. So it cannot be used in the cavity's medium when we need to operate at rotational energy transition frequencies.
  • O 2 we could use O 2 as a medium for the cavity, when we need to transmit energy in a planet's atmosphere different from the earth's, where O 2 is not a major constituent of the planet's atmosphere.
  • Nitrous Oxide as the medium that goes into the cavity of the photon beam generator.
  • the electromagnetic wave source used in this disclosed system is a Magnetron 41 that serves as a hi-power microwave source.
  • Several devices like hi-power special vaccum tubes can also be used to generate microwaves. These tubes are different from low-frequency vaccum tubes, they use the ballistic motion of electrons in vaccum controlled by electrical or magnetic fields. They include Magnetron, Klystron, Travelling Wave Tube, Gyrotron.
  • Low power microwave sources use solid state devices such as Field effect transistor, tunnel diodes, Gunn Diodes, IMPATT diodes
  • the molecules of the medium 7 contained in the cavity 3 are excited by a band of low frequency electromagnetic waves 4 generated by the Magnetron 41 or several Magnetrons that functions as a hi-power electromagnetic waves source.
  • the source of electromagnetic waves should consist a frequency or a band of frequencies that is found in the rotational spectrum, vibrational spectrum and ro-vibrational spectrum of the said molecules.
  • the electromagnetic waves 4 generated by the source are guided into the cavity 3 through at least one waveguide.
  • waveguides could be used. It depends on the frequency composition of the generated electromagnetic waves, which in turn depends on the different frequencies of photons that need to be generated.
  • the electromagnetic waves 4 generated by the source are guided into the cavity 3 through the two waveguides 16 & 17.
  • Waveguide covers 10 & 1 1 allow the electromagnetic waves to pass through but do not allow the medium of molecules 7 from escaping outside the cavity 3.
  • the molecules of the medium 7 are pumped by the electromagnetic waves 4 to higher energy levels which could be either higher rotational energy levels , higher vibrational energy levels or higher ro-vibrational energy levels or a combination of the mentioned energy levels , and return to their ground state either spontaneously or through stimulated emission, thus emitting photons that have energies corresponding to transitions of rotational or vibrational or ro- vibrational energy levels which normally correspond to microwave photons .
  • the molecules of a medium contained in a cavity could also be excited using an oscillating electrical field.
  • a photon beam generator 55 is pumped using a Radio Frequency generator 60.
  • the electromagnetic energy is conveyed through a pair of electrodes or electrode plates 65 & 66 that are coupled to the Radio Frequency Generator 60.
  • the pair of electrode plates coupled to the RF generator 60 generate an oscillating electrical field.
  • the radio frequency generator 60 is placed on the outside of the cavity 68,
  • the pair of electrode plates 65 & 66 are placed on the inside of the cavity 68 and placed opposite to each other.
  • a radio frequency signal is generated thereby creating an alternating electrical field that excites the molecules of the medium 59 to higher energy levels which could be either higher rotational energy levels , higher vibrational energy levels or higher ro-vibrational energy levels or a combination of the mentioned energy levels.
  • the generated microwave photons that pass through the aperture 12 are focused by the reflective hood 8 to form a photon beam 9.
  • the reflective hood disposed outside of the cavity 3 is attached to the aperture 12.
  • the aperture 12 is covered by a transparent material that is transparent to the photons but prevents the medium 7 from leaking out of the cavity 3.
  • the beam is received by the rectifier antenna array 13 which reconverts the photons of the photon beam 9 into electricity.
  • the photon beam generator 151 is pumped using an electromagnetic wave source 152 through waveguides 153 and 154 to give an output photon beam 155 that is reflected off a mirror 156.
  • the reflected beam 157 is incident on the rectifier antenna array 158.
  • the captured photon beam is reconverted into DC electricity and output at the DC terminals 159.
  • the central part of this disclosed wireless electric power transfer system is a new kind of photon beam generator device that generates low energy photons or large wavelength photons.
  • Molecules having a dipole moment are contained in the cavity and are excited by a band of low frequency electromagnetic waves generated by an electromagnetic wave generator or RF devices such as a Magnetron, Klystron or other radiowave emitting devices.
  • the electromagnetic waves emitted by the generator contain frequencies that excite the molecules to higher rotational or vibrational or ro-vibrational energy levels.
  • the molecules return to their ground state either spontaneously or through stimulated emission, thus emitting photons that have energies corresponding to transitions of rotational or vibrational or ro- vibrational energy levels.
  • the types of molecules in the cavity are chosen in such a way that their emission spectra when pumped using microwaves corresponds to the desired output frequencies of the photon beam generator device.
  • the photon beam generator device acts like an energy converter device. It converts electrical energy into low frequency photons. This device in comparison with a maser would be a device that is pumped electromagnetically but generates non coherent photons.
  • the molecules in the photon beam generator device are used as a two level system and that there would not be amplification of the input signal because there are only 50% of the molecules populated in the excited state at any given instant, which means there is no population inversion, we are still left with 50% percent of the molecules that generate the photons that are output from this device. Thus we have 50% of the electrical energy input converted into usable photons . It acts like a device that absorbs the input electrical energy and outputs photons in the radiowave and microwave range.
  • the photons emitted are in the microwave frequency range and in the far infrared range, as energies associated with rotational or vibrational or ro- vibrational transitions are generally small compared to the electronic transitions. Such low frequencies are preferred from the point of view of constructing practical conversion devices.
  • LASERs produce a highly coherent output beam, with respect to frequency (monochromaticity), phase and polarisation of the output beam, whereas the new photon beam generator device of this disclosed system does not produce a coherent output beam. It produces a beam containing several chosen frequencies which could be out of phase and polarised at all angles.
  • the cavity used in a LASER is resonant whereas the new photon beam generator device of this disclosed system uses a cavity that is not resonant, that is there are no reflecting mirrors.
  • the LASER generates a beam with only a single frequency, whereas the new photon beam generator device of this disclosed system can generate a beam containing multiple frequencies.
  • a LASER amplification of the input signal can be achieved due to population inversion whereas in the new photon beam generator device of this disclosed system amplification cannot be achieved because there is no population inversion, because the molecules of the medium of the new photon beam generator device of this disclosed system are used as a two level system.
  • the atoms or molecules of the medium are used as a three level or plus system.
  • atoms can be used in the medium to generate photons.
  • the disclosed photon beam generator device only molecules are used to generate the large wavelength photons, because atoms do not posses neither rotational nor vibrational spectra and thus cannot generate large wavelength photons. Atoms can only be excited to their electronic energy levels.
  • the rectifier antenna array 13 is an array of rectifier antenna modules, each of the rectifier antenna modules further comprised of a semiconductor rectifier diode and a pair of antenna elements connected for supplying an electrical signal to the semiconductor rectifier diode.
  • the rectifier antenna modules are further grouped into sub arrays, each sub array containing rectifier antenna modules that are dimensioned to receive a particular frequency component of the photon beam 9 coming out of the new photon beam generator device 15 of this disclosed system.
  • FIG. 4 shows a detailed view of the rectifier antenna array 13.
  • FIG. 4 a magnified view of a rectifier antenna module is shown at the extreme left of FIG. 4 where 88 and 87 are antenna elements that are configured in a square spiral shape, the ends of which are connected to the rectifying semiconductor diode 86.
  • the diode 86 is a full bridge rectifier circuit that converts the AC signal of the photon into a DC signal, thus producing DC electrical current.
  • DC outputs of these modules are paralleled to give a final output at terminals 14.
  • the antenna elements used in the rectenna array of this presently disclosed system are Square Spiral in shape, but one could also use shapes such as Dipole, Bowtie and Spiral.
  • the system can transmit power through almost any medium including water, cloudy atmosphere, extraterrestrial atmosphere, etc. provided the composition of the mixture of molecules in the photon beam generator system is chosen such that the frequencies of the photon beam emitted are not present in the absorption spectra of the different types of molecules present in the transmission medium.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the complete Wireless Electric Power Transfer System according to the present disclosed system.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the Photon beam generator Device, wherein the Photon beam generator Device is pumped using electromagnetic waves generated by a magnetron, the Photon beam generator Device is a central and important part in the disclosed Wireless Electric Power Transfer System which converts electrical energy into photons.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of another version of the Photon beam generator Device according to the present disclosed system, wherein the Photon beam generator Device is pumped using Radio Frequency Generator.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the Rectifier Antenna Array (RECTENNA Array) in the disclosed Wireless Electric Power Transfer System that serves to receive the photon beam generated by the photon beam generator device and convert it to electricity.
  • RECTENNA Array Rectifier Antenna Array
  • FIG. 5 is a chart that shows Atmospheric transmission windows for the electromagnetic spectrum.
  • FIG. 6 shows an Atmospheric transmission chart indicating the major absorption bands of the atmosphere with respect to the electromagnetic spectrum.
  • FIG. 7 is a chart of Atmospheric composition.
  • FIG. 8 shows different Molecular processes and their respective energy transition frequency bands.
  • FIG. 9 shows the Molecular Structure of key atmospheric constituents that indicate the dipole nature of the molecule, thus showing which molecules are capable of having rotational absorption spectra.
  • FIG. 10 shows a schematic diagram of the complete Wireless Electric Power Transfer System according to the present disclosed system with an additional mirror included in the optical path formed between the photon beam generator and the rectifier antenna array (RECTENNA array).
  • RECTENNA array rectifier antenna array
  • FIG. 1 A first figure.
  • Rectifier Antenna Array (RECTENNA)
  • Radio Frequency (RF) generator used to pump the molecules of the medium 59
  • Reflective focusing hood attached to the aperture 67 of the cavity 68
  • One of the pair of electrode plates coupled to the RF generator 60 that generates an oscillating electrical field.
  • One of the pair of electrode plates coupled to the RF generator 60 that generates an oscillating electrical field.
  • Sub-array of rectifier antenna modules dimensioned to capture photons of a particular wavelength
  • Rectifier antenna module each module consisting of a semiconductor diode coupled to a pair of antenna elements.
  • Sub-array of rectifier antenna modules dimensioned to capture photons of a particular wavelength
  • Rectifier antenna module each module consisting of a semiconductor diode coupled to a pair of antenna elements.
  • Sub-array of rectifier antenna modules dimensioned to capture photons of a particular wavelength
  • Rectifier antenna module each module consisting of a semiconductor diode coupled to a pair of antenna elements.
  • Rectifiying semiconductor diode coupled to pair of antenna elements 87 & 88.
  • One of the pair of antenna elements coupled to the rectifying diode 86 is coupled to the rectifying diode 86.
  • Atmospheric transmission chart indicating the major absorption bands of the atmosphere with respect to the electromagnetic spectrum.
  • Electromagnetic waves source 152.
  • Rectifier antenna array (RECTENNA Array)
  • the cavity 3 is a metallic cuboid chamber made of galvanised or stainless steel and is coated on the inside with a material such as enamel that is inert to the medium of molecules, which means that it does not react with the medium.
  • the coating could also be material like fused silica.
  • the metallic body of the cavity 3 makes the cavity 3 like a faraday's cage inside out, so that the electromagnetic waves entering into the cavity from the coupled waveguides 16 & 17 is reflected from the walls of the cavity 3 and trapped inside the cavity 3.
  • the inner surface or the walls of the cavity 3 should also be capable of reflecting the photons emitted from the molecules.
  • the inner surface or the walls of the cavity 3 should also be inert to the molecules of the medium 7.
  • the cavity 3 could equally have a cylindrical shape.
  • the cavity 3 could be coupled to several waveguides, in this presently disclosed system there are two waveguides 16 & 17 as shown in the FIG. 1.
  • the wave guides 16 & 17 guide the electromagnetic waves 4 generated by a source through 5 & 6 into the cavity 3.
  • Nitrous Oxide N2O
  • N2O Nitrous Oxide
  • FIG 9 we see that Nitrous Oxide (N2O) can be excited at a frequency of 25 GHz. Therefore all device components of this system 1 dependent on the excitation frequency of the medium have to sized accordingly.
  • a waveguide is a hollow conductive metal rectangular or circular pipe that guides electromagnetic waves. They propagate signals above a certain frequency. The cut off frequency depends upon its dimensions. A very rough calculation of dimensions required for a waveguide would be to follow a rule of keeping the width of the waveguide in the same order of magnitude as the wavelength of the signal being carried. Therefore an electromagnetic wave having a wavelength of 12.2 cm (Approximately 2.45 GHz) would require at least one inner dimension larger than 6.1 cm.
  • Waveguides used are rectangular pipes made of alloys like Aluminium, Copper, Bronze, Invar, Stainless Steel, Coin Silver.
  • a typical waveguide that works between 50 GHz & 70 GHz is made of stainless steel and the inside dimensions in inches would be 0.148 x .074.
  • the wall thickness could vary from .04 to .01 inches. Waveguides and waveguide components are readily available in the market and also could be made to order.
  • Waveguide covers 10 & 1 1 are required at the entrances of the waveguides 16 & 17 into the cavity 3. They prevent the leaking of the cavity's medium 7 into the waveguides. They however allow electromagnetic waves to pass through. They are generally constructed out of mica sheets.
  • the cavity 3 has an aperture 12 to allow the emitted photons by the medium 7 to pass through and has an area large enough to allow the photons having the largest wavelength. It also has a transparent hermetic cover that is transparent to the photons but does not allow the medium 7 to leak out of the cavity 3.
  • Cooling Unit Cooling the cavity 3 using a cooling system 2 is necessary to maintain the medium at a temperature where the thermal distribution of the different rotational levels has to be taken into consideration.
  • the number of molecules in a rotational level J depends on the temperature of the medium. There exists a temperature where the number of molecules in rotational level J is maximum, which is desired for maximum conversion efficiency of the photon beam generator. So this particular temperature needs to be maintained. It is also required to dissipate the unused electromagnetic energy. As far as possible the entire outer surface of the cavity is thermally connected to the cooling unit.
  • the cooling unit could be a heat exchanger using water as the working medium.
  • the heat exchange medium could be circulated in a spiral tube that encompasses the outside of the cavity 3.
  • the cooling system 2 is represented as a block.
  • Rectifier Antenna Array Construction of Rectifier Antenna Array (RECTENNA Array):
  • the rectifier antenna array 13 is an array of rectifier antenna modules, each of the rectifier antenna modules further comprised of a semiconductor rectifier diode and a pair of antenna elements connected for supplying an electrical signal to the semiconductor rectifier diode.
  • the rectifier antenna modules are further grouped into sub arrays, each sub array containing rectifier antenna modules that are dimensioned to receive a particular frequency component of the photon beam 9 coming out of the new photon beam generator device 15 of this disclosed system.
  • FIG. 4 shows a detailed view of the rectifier antenna array 13.
  • FIG. 4 a magnified view of a rectifier antenna module is shown at the extreme left of FIG. 4 where 88 and 87 are antenna elements that are configured in a square spiral shape, the ends of which are connected to the rectifying semiconductor diode 86.
  • the diode 86 is a full bridge rectifier circuit that converts the AC signal of the photon into a DC signal, thus producing DC electrical current.
  • DC outputs of these modules are paralleled to give a final output at terminals 14.
  • the antenna elements used in the rectenna array of this presently disclosed system are Square Spiral in shape, but one could also use shapes such as Dipole, Bowtie and Spiral.
  • the system can transmit power through any medium provided the composition of the medium is known; this includes water, so one of the applications could be to transmit power to undersea installations.
  • Wireless energy transfer for stand-alone systems a comparison between low and high power applicability : URL : http://144.206.159.178/ft/943/42583/770465.pdf

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne le transfert sans fil d'énergie électrique dans n'importe quel support de transmission. Un système de transfert d'énergie électrique sans fil fonctionne par conversion de l'énergie électrique en photons de grande longueur d'onde tels que des photons micro-ondes/radioélectriques au moyen d'un générateur de faisceau de photons, et direction du faisceau vers un réseau d'antennes redresseur qui reconvertit les photons en électricité. Le système de transfert d'énergie électrique sans fil (1) est constitué d'un générateur de faisceau de photons (15), d'une source d'ondes électromagnétiques (4) servant à pomper ledit générateur de faisceau de photons (15), et d'un réseau d'antennes redresseur (13) qui capture les photons générés et les convertit en électricité. Le générateur de faisceau de photons (15) comprend également une cavité (3) contenant un support de molécules (7) qui ont un moment dipolaire et qui sont pompées jusqu'à atteindre leurs niveaux d'énergie de rotation, de vibration ou de transition entre rotation et vibration les plus élevés. Les molécules désexcitées émettent des photons micro-ondes/radioélectriques sortant d'une ouverture (12) afin de former un faisceau de photons (9) frappant un réseau d'antennes redresseur (13) qui convertit les photons micro-ondes/radioélectriques en électricité.
PCT/IB2014/060103 2013-04-18 2014-03-24 Transmission sans fil d'électricité Ceased WO2014170773A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR13/00912 2013-04-18
FR1300912A FR3004860B1 (fr) 2013-04-18 2013-04-18 Transmission d'energie electrique sans fils

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WO2014170773A3 WO2014170773A3 (fr) 2014-12-31
WO2014170773A4 WO2014170773A4 (fr) 2015-02-19

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EP3907856A1 (fr) * 2015-12-24 2021-11-10 Energous Corporation Systèmes et procédés de chargement d'alimentation sans fil à travers de multiples dispositifs de réception
CN114069889A (zh) * 2015-07-16 2022-02-18 Wi-电荷有限公司 光学无线供电系统
CN114884431A (zh) * 2022-03-29 2022-08-09 哈尔滨工业大学 一种月球基地光伏-燃料电池多能互补系统
US11451096B2 (en) 2015-12-24 2022-09-20 Energous Corporation Near-field wireless-power-transmission system that includes first and second dipole antenna elements that are switchably coupled to a power amplifier and an impedance-adjusting component
US11462949B2 (en) 2017-05-16 2022-10-04 Wireless electrical Grid LAN, WiGL Inc Wireless charging method and system
US11502551B2 (en) 2012-07-06 2022-11-15 Energous Corporation Wirelessly charging multiple wireless-power receivers using different subsets of an antenna array to focus energy at different locations
CN116435873A (zh) * 2023-03-06 2023-07-14 北京工业大学 一种窄线宽的相干光vcsel阵列芯片
US11863001B2 (en) 2015-12-24 2024-01-02 Energous Corporation Near-field antenna for wireless power transmission with antenna elements that follow meandering patterns
US12074460B2 (en) 2017-05-16 2024-08-27 Wireless Electrical Grid Lan, Wigl Inc. Rechargeable wireless power bank and method of using
US12381319B2 (en) 2019-11-12 2025-08-05 Emrod Limited System and method for long-range wireless power transfer
US12413097B2 (en) 2021-12-29 2025-09-09 Energous Corporation Small form-factor devices with integrated and modular harvesting receivers, and shelving-mounted wireless-power transmitters for use therewith

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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US11502551B2 (en) 2012-07-06 2022-11-15 Energous Corporation Wirelessly charging multiple wireless-power receivers using different subsets of an antenna array to focus energy at different locations
US12166363B2 (en) 2012-07-06 2024-12-10 Energous Corporation System and methods of using electromagnetic waves to wirelessly deliver power to security cameras and adjusting wireless delivery of power to the security cameras as they move
CN114069889A (zh) * 2015-07-16 2022-02-18 Wi-电荷有限公司 光学无线供电系统
EP3907856A1 (fr) * 2015-12-24 2021-11-10 Energous Corporation Systèmes et procédés de chargement d'alimentation sans fil à travers de multiples dispositifs de réception
US11451096B2 (en) 2015-12-24 2022-09-20 Energous Corporation Near-field wireless-power-transmission system that includes first and second dipole antenna elements that are switchably coupled to a power amplifier and an impedance-adjusting component
US11863001B2 (en) 2015-12-24 2024-01-02 Energous Corporation Near-field antenna for wireless power transmission with antenna elements that follow meandering patterns
US11462949B2 (en) 2017-05-16 2022-10-04 Wireless electrical Grid LAN, WiGL Inc Wireless charging method and system
US12074460B2 (en) 2017-05-16 2024-08-27 Wireless Electrical Grid Lan, Wigl Inc. Rechargeable wireless power bank and method of using
US12381319B2 (en) 2019-11-12 2025-08-05 Emrod Limited System and method for long-range wireless power transfer
US12413097B2 (en) 2021-12-29 2025-09-09 Energous Corporation Small form-factor devices with integrated and modular harvesting receivers, and shelving-mounted wireless-power transmitters for use therewith
CN114884431A (zh) * 2022-03-29 2022-08-09 哈尔滨工业大学 一种月球基地光伏-燃料电池多能互补系统
CN116435873A (zh) * 2023-03-06 2023-07-14 北京工业大学 一种窄线宽的相干光vcsel阵列芯片

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WO2014170773A3 (fr) 2014-12-31
FR3004860A1 (fr) 2014-10-24
FR3004860B1 (fr) 2017-04-14
WO2014170773A4 (fr) 2015-02-19

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